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Hamed M, Soliman HAM, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defense responses, and histopathology: Biomarkers for monitoring exposure to pyrogallol in Clarias gariepinus. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119845. [PMID: 38109825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallol promotes free radicals leading to oxidative stress and toxicity. There are however a lack of studies on oxidative stress and the antioxidant system of fish following exposure to pyrogallol. This study measured oxidative stress markers, antioxidant responses, and histological changes in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Fish were divided into one of four experimental groups: control only, or 1, 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol. After 15 days, glutathione-S-transferase in the serum was decreased in fish exposed to either 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol relative to controls while superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were decreased significantly in fish exposed to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol. Conversely, catalase was increased in serum of fish exposed to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol compared to controls. The liver of fish treated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxide content, oxidised protein content, and DNA fragmentation %) that varied with concentration. Catfish exposed to either 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol presented with notable histological alterations in the intestine, kidney, and muscles with prominent fibrosis, as intense deposition of collagen fibre was observed by Masson's trichrome staining. Overall, endpoints related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defence enzymes in fish may be early biomarkers of pyrogallol exposure and contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Additional studies should characterize oxidative stress indicators for their utility as biomarkers of effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canter for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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2
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Hamed M, Martyniuk CJ, Said REM, Soliman HAM, Badrey AEA, Hassan EA, Abdelhamid HN, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Exposure to pyrogallol impacts the hemato-biochemical endpoints in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122074. [PMID: 37331582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallol is widely used in several industrial applications and can subsequently contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Here, we report for the first time the presence of pyrogallol in wastewater in Egypt. Currently, there is a complete lack of toxicity and carcinogenicity data for pyrogallol exposure in fish. To address this gap, both acute and sub-acute toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of pyrogallol in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Behavioral and morphological endpoints were evaluated, in addition to blood hematological endpoints, biochemical indices, electrolyte balance, and the erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities). In the acute toxicity assay, it was determined that the 96 h median-lethal concentration (96 h-LC50) of pyrogallol for catfish was 40 mg/L. In sub-acute toxicity experiment, fish divided into four groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was exposed to 1 mg/L of pyrogallol, Group 3 was exposed to 5 mg/L of pyrogallol, and Group 4 was exposed to 10 mg/L of pyrogallol. Fish showed morphological changes such as erosion of the dorsal and caudal fins, skin ulcers, and discoloration following exposure to pyrogallol for 96 h. Exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol caused a significant decrease in hematological indices, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes, and large and small lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Several biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose) were altered in a concentration dependent manner with short term exposures to pyrogallol. Pyrogallol exposure also caused a significant concentration-dependent rise in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs in catfish. In conclusion, our data suggest that pyrogallol should be considered further in environmental risk assessments of aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E A Badrey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Elhagag A Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Hani N Abdelhamid
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt; Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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Ammar E, Hamed M, Mohamed MS, Sayed AEDH. The synergetic effects of 4-nonylphenol and polyethylene microplastics in Cyprinus carpio juveniles using blood biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11635. [PMID: 37468510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems along with other chemical pollutants. Therefore, it is vital to study the health-hazardous effects of MPs in combination with 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), which is a highly abundant industrial waste and a critical alkylphenol endocrine disruptor. We investigated the effects of the exposure to polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), 4-NP, and their combination on blood biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio juveniles. Four study groups were treated for 15 consecutive days: (1) control group, (2) 10 mg/L PE-MP group, (3) 10 mg/L PE-MPs + 200 µg/L 4-NP group, and (4) 200 µg/L 4-NP group, followed by 15 days of recovery. Biochemical analyses showed that creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, liver enzymes, total protein, and A/G ratios were significantly increased after exposure to PE-MPs, 4-NP, and the combination. Hematological parameters (RBC's, Hb, Ht, neutrophil percentage, and WBC's) were significantly decreased in the three exposure groups, whereas mean corpuscular volume and lymphocyte percentages were significantly increased. The 15-day recovery period improved most hematobiochemical parameters and PE-MP accumulation indices. Taken together, we demonstrated the hazardous effects of PE-MP and 4-NP combinations on C. carpio blood parameters and highlighted their potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Ammar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Sayed AEDH, Eid Z, Mahmoud UM, Lee JS, Mekkawy IAA. Reproductive Toxicity and Recovery Associated With 4-Non-ylphenol Exposure in Juvenile African Catfish ( Clarias garepinus). Front Physiol 2022; 13:851031. [PMID: 35480038 PMCID: PMC9035889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.851031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, the effects of 4-non-ylphenol (4-NP) on fish's reproductive hormones were assessed in several studies using adult models, however, the effect of this endocrine disruptor on immature fish's reproductive hormones was not addressed commonly. We aimed to study the apoptosis induction, hematotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and the recovery associated with 4-NP exposure in juvenile African catfish [Clarias garepinus) using some hormones [17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)] and gonad histology as biomarkers. The toxic effects of 4-NP have been studied in many animal models, but there is still limited knowledge about the dose-dependent damage caused by 4-NP exposure in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. A healthy juvenile C. gariepinus was categorized into four groups (n = 3/group; three replicates in each group). The first group was the control, and the other three groups were subjected to 4-NP concentrations as 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/L for 15 days; they were left for a recovery period of another 15 days. The reproductive hormones of C. gariepinus exposed to 4-NP for 15 days exhibited significant variations between the treatment groups and the control (P < 0.05), which were evident in E2 and T-values, whereas FSH, LH, total protein, and lipid peroxidation values showed non-significant differences among all groups at P < 0.05. Such a situation referred to the fact that the 15-day recovery period was insufficient to remove the impacts of 4-NP doses in concern. The trend of dose-dependent increase/decrease was recorded for T, E2, FSH, and LH. The histopathological alterations of 4-NP treated in gonad tissues were recorded in juvenile C. gariepinus, reflecting their sensitivity to 4-NP estrogenic-like effects. Overall, our results investigate that recovery has improved the reproductive toxicity caused by 4-NP in juvenile C. garepinus. Significant variations between the treated groups and the control group (P < 0.05) were evident in hematological parameters except for hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The parameters exhibiting significance decreased with such increased doses [red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cells (WBCs)]. Similar patterns of significant variations toward the increase or decrease were recorded following the 15-day recovery period. Apoptotic frequency in erythrocytes and brain cells has increased significantly with increased 4-NP exposure, indicating that 4-NP caused cytotoxic effects, such as apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, these cellular alterations greatly decreased after the 15-day recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Eid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Imam A. A. Mekkawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abdullah S, Naguib M, Salah El-din AE, Sayed AEH. Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to ethidium bromide: The protective role of Spirulina platensis. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Silveira EDR, Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, Dos Santos CGA, de Lima Amorim NP, Borges RE, de Melo C, de Souza Santos LR. Micronucleus and different nuclear abnormalities in wild birds in the Cerrado, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:14279-14287. [PMID: 34606051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Free-living birds play an important role as bioindicators in natural environments. In this study, we used the micronucleus test and nuclear erythrocyte abnormalities to investigate the difference in the genotoxic damage frequency between animals in agricultural areas (soybean planting) in relation to the conserved area. It was also discussed the bird's eating habits, which are important for ecotoxicological analysis. The results point to a difference between the insectivorous, granivorous, and omnivorous guilds. The omnivore Gnorimopsar chopi was the species that most exhibited micronucleus frequency in the protected area. In the agricultural area, the animals did not differ in the genotoxic damage frequency. In the comparison between common species in both environments, G. chopi from the agricultural area showed a micronuclei frequency almost three times higher in relation to specimens collected in the conserved area. Based on these results, this study adds to the efforts of using the micronucleus test as a simple and accessible tool for biomonitoring the wild fauna. It can be concluded that the passerine, G. chopi, due to its higher genotoxic damage frequency may be a strong candidate to indicate environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Divina Rodrigues Silveira
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Paulista State University -Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Campus São José Do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
| | - Cirley Gomes Araújo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Nathan Pereira de Lima Amorim
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Department of Biology, University of Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes Do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Celine de Melo
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustics, Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Uberlândia, Bloco 2D - Campus Umuarama - Av. Ceará, s/n. BR 38400902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Animal Systematics, Institute Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
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Hamed M, Monteiro CE, Sayed AEDH. Investigation of the impact caused by different sizes of polyethylene plastics (nano, micro, and macro) in common carp juveniles, Cyprinus carpio L., using multi-biomarkers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149921. [PMID: 34482135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution poses a global threat to aquatic organisms, yet its effect on many species remains poorly documented and understood. This study addresses the impact caused by different sizes of polyethylene (PE) plastics on the common carp and evaluates their multi-biomarkers response. We investigated the histological structure and measurement of biochemical alterations, antioxidant enzymes, immunological responses, and fluctuations in blood profiles of the organisms after 15 days of exposure to a concentration of 100 mg/L of nano- (NPs), micro- (MPs) and macroplastics (MaPs). The fish health status was altered in the sole presence of PE particles. All biomarkers changed after exposure compared to the control group, with larger changes being observed with the decreasing size of particles (NPs > MPs > MaPs) compared to their absence. A synergistic effect resulting from the individual impact of plastics penetration in the circulatory system, bursting biochemical responses, and lesions in tissues, might explain the more considerable impact of NPs compared to MPs and/or MaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Carlos E Monteiro
- Environmental Biogeochemistry, Centro de Química Estrutural, IST-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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Esmaeili M. Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10121236. [PMID: 34943151 PMCID: PMC8698978 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of haematological and blood biochemistry parameters has proven to be effective and repeatable ways to monitor fish health. Testing these parameters is becoming more common in aquaculture studies. Further, it is widely accepted that fish with better health status are more likely to grow faster as less energy should be consumed for non-growth purposes. Here, a new formula (Blood Performance) is introduced, which contains five common haematological and blood biochemistry parameters: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. The idea behind this formula is that any single component of this formula cannot be reliable enough as a biomarker of fish health and growth. However, interestingly, Blood Performance can be much more reliable and accurate for monitoring fish health and growth. Abstract Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart Private Bag 49, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
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Soliman HAM, Hamed M, Sayed AEDH. Investigating the effects of copper sulfate and copper oxide nanoparticles in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using multiple biomarkers: the prophylactic role of Spirulina. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:30046-30057. [PMID: 33580857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper has toxic effects in fish, whereas the cyanobacterium Spirulina reportedly has protective effects against metal toxicity in various animal species. The current study, therefore, aimed to investigate the prophylactic role of Spirulina platensis against the effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biochemical, antioxidant, erthyron profile and histopathological endpoints were assessed after for 15 days of exposure in five separate treatment groups: (1) fish pre-fed the normal diet (control), (2) fish pre-fed the normal diet and exposed to 15 mg/L of CuSO4, (3) fish pre-fed the normal diet augmented with 0.25% Spirulina and exposed to 15 mg/L of CuSO4, (4) fish pre-fed the normal diet and exposed to 15 mg/L of CuO-NPs, and (5) fish pre-fed the normal diet augmented with 0.25% Spirulina and exposed to 15 mg/L CuO-NPs. Exposure to CuSO4 or CuO-NPs significantly increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in fish, as well as serum total protein, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations. In contrast, most hematological indices in fish significantly decreased after CuSO4 or CuO-NPs exposure. Moreover, CuSO4 and CuO-NPs caused a significant increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of red blood cells, as well as histopathological changes in the brain, liver, intestine, and kidneys. Importantly, Spirulina supplementation mitigated against physiological disruption caused by CuSO4 or CuO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Dey S, Ballav P, Mandal A, Samanta P, Patra A, Das S, Mondal AK, Ghosh AR. Blood Biochemical and Erythrocytic Morpho-pathological Consequences of Naphthalene Intoxication in Indian Teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103490. [PMID: 32911098 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anabas testudineus (Bloch) was exposed to 0.71 mg/L and 1.42 mg/L (25 and 50% of LC50 value respectively) naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), for 21 days. Blood biochemical parameters and erythrocytic morphological alterations were assessed to describe the naphthalene toxicity. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT (576.7 ± 11.79 and 608.9 ± 12.08 U/L, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase, ALP (12.9 ± 0.69 and 13.4 ± 0.64 U/L, respectively) activities under two doses compared with control. Protein and albumin (ALB) content in blood decreased significantly, in comparison with control value in the tune of 22.67 ± 1.04 and 23.97 ± 1.24 g/dl, respectively and 10.7 ± 0.79 and 11.1 ± 0.67 g/dl, respectively. Erythrocytes showed varied symptomatic morphological changes under naphthalene exposure, which included severe denaturation, swelling in cells, appearance of sickle and tear drop cells, and cellular vacuolation. In particularly, the changes were more prominent under higher naphthalene exposure. Following the results, it has been able to establish that GPT, ALP, protein and ALB, and the morphological manifestations of erythrocytes would be good tools of biomarker in monitoring toxicological paradigm, especially to naphthalene exposure in aquatic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Puspita Ballav
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arghya Mandal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, University of North Bengal, Dhupguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atanu Patra
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Das
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Mokhbatly AAA, Assar DH, Ghazy EW, Elbialy Z, Rizk SA, Omar AA, Gaafar AY, Dawood MAO. The protective role of spirulina and β-glucan in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) against chronic toxicity of chlorpyrifos: hemato-biochemistry, histopathology, and oxidative stress traits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:31636-31651. [PMID: 32500495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an insecticide that is commonly applied in the agriculture sector. However, little is known about the protective role of Spirulina platensis (SP) and/or β-glucan (BG) on African catfish exposed to chronic CPF toxicity. The fish (95 ± 5 g, initial weight) were assigned to 5 fiberglass tanks (500 L, 50 fish/tank) where the 1st and 2nd fed the basal diet, while the 3rd, 4th, and 5th fed diets with SP, BG, and SP+BG at 0.5%, respectively. Fish in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were exposed to CPF at a dose of 1.5 mg/L and fed the respective diets for 60 days. In comparison with the control group, CPF-exposed fish exhibited significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) body weights, feed intake, red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) (%), lymphocytes, monocytes, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index, while feed conversion ratio, white blood cell count, and neutrophils count were significantly increased. Fish exposed to CPF also revealed a significant elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (vLDL), glucose concentration, urea, and creatinine as well as low total proteins, albumin, globulins, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Fish exposed to CPF also exhibited a high concentration of malondialdehyde while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were significantly decreased in the liver, gills, brain, and intestine tissues. Moreover, exposure to CPF resulted in higher transcription of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A-P450) gene expression than the 1st group. Histopathological investigations revealed various degrees of pathological lesions in different organs like the liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and intestine tissues. Interestingly, dietary SP supplementation either alone or combined with BG significantly ameliorated the alterations mitigated by CPF-induced organ injuries and genotoxicity. Therefore, it could be concluded that SP or/and BG are able to induce the protective consequences on health status, immunity, and antioxidative response of African catfish exposed to CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Emad W Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amira A Omar
- Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Dey S, Ghosh AR. Dose-specific biochemical and erythrocytic alterations of anthracene exposure on blood of Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 72:103247. [PMID: 31473557 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work is designed to compare the chronic toxicity of anthracene [one of the major constituents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)] on Anabas testudineus (Bloch), in an air-breathing carnivorous fish, in laboratory condition under the exposure of two doses of LC50 value, i.e., 0.0075 mg/l (T1), i.e., 25% and 0.015 mg/l (T2) i.e., 50% for 21 days. A comprehensive comparison was recorded based on biochemical parameters and evaluated the erythrocytic alterations of blood components of the fish. It revealed an enhanced trend of activity of glutamic pyruvic transamin (GPT) 470.7 ± 12.32, 546.6 ± 13.22, 599.4 ± 13.09 U/L and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 9.2 ± 0.61, 10.4 ± 0.86, 10.9 ± 0.74 U/L in control, T1 and T2 respectively; and reverse trend of protein (PRO) 26.63 ± 1.32, 22.15 ± 1.13, 22.29 ± 1.02 g/dl and albumin (ALB) 11.9 ± 0.71, 9.65 ± 0.91, 10.05 ± 0.94 g/dl in control, T1 and T2 respectively. Under T1 and T2 exposure conditions, it displayed the maximum alterations and appearance of tear drop-like cells (Tr), sickle cells (Sk), swelled cells (Sc) and vacuolated cells (Va) in comparison to control condition. An exclusive experimentation of the present work suggested that biochemical parameters and erythrocytic alterations may be useful tool as biomarkers to monitor the long term toxicological effects, especially to anthracene a constituent of PAHs, in any aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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13
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Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira J, de Oliveira Ferreira R, Marcel Dos Reis Sampaio D, Pereira da Costa Araújo A, Malafaia G. An insight on the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in Gallus gallus domesticus (Phasianidae). Chemosphere 2019; 231:10-19. [PMID: 31128343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is known in several experimental models, little is known about their effects on bird representatives. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of ZnO NPs in chicks belonging to species Gallus gallus domesticus, as well as to analyze the role played by nuclear and erythrocyte morphological changes as biomarkers of the toxicity of these nanopollutants. Two doses of ZnO NPs (0.245 mg k-1 and 245.26 mg kg-1) were herein tested; they were determined based on the predictive environmental concentration of these NPs (760 μg L-1), on the body biomass of the analyzed animals and on the mean daily water intake/bird. Birds were subjected to two intraperitoneal applications (one per day) of solution containing ZnO NPs; they were euthanized 48 h after the first application. The herein collected data have shown that NPs were capable of inducing the formation of different types of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, such as micronucleus, binucleate erythrocytes, blebbed, reniform and multilobulated nuclei, as well as symmetric and asymmetric constriction. In addition, changes in the size and shape of erythrocytes were observed in birds exposed to ZnO NPs. Zn bioaccumulation analysis conducted in brain tissues confirmed the association between these changes and animal exposure to ZnO NPs. Thus, besides confirming the toxicological potential of ZnO NPs, to the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first report on the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of these NPs on bird representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Raíssa de Oliveira Ferreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Douglas Marcel Dos Reis Sampaio
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, GO, Brazil.
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Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Hana MN, Sayed AEDH. Cytotoxic and hemotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:638-646. [PMID: 30658299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the hemotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of two acute doses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the African catfish, Clarias garepinus in comparison to the impact of AgNO3 and the control fish. AgNPs-induced impacts were recorded on some biological and hematological indices of that species on the bases of their size (20 and 40 nm) and concentration (10 and 100 µg) but no significant interaction. AgNO3 had very low impact on these indices in comparison to AgNPs. Recovery period for 15 days was found to be valid to remove AgNPs and AgNO3 toxicity for most indices. The condition factor exhibited stability under stress whereas the hepatosomatic index was more sensitive to AgNPs. The AgNPs-induced hematological changes recorded were corresponding with different blood cell alterations which increased in frequency from the control and AgNO3 to 40 nm/100 µg; such blood cell alterations disappeared to great extent after recovery period of 15-days in a reverse order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam A Mekkawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Usama M Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mervat N Hana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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