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Talafha MM, Qasem A, Naser SA. Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Infection Suppresses Vitamin D Activation and Cathelicidin Production in Macrophages through Modulation of the TLR2-Dependent p38/MAPK-CYP27B1-VDR-CAMP Axis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1358. [PMID: 38732603 PMCID: PMC11085596 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a vital role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher levels of autoimmune response and increased susceptibility to infections. CYP27B1 encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. It is instrumental in the conversion of circulating vitamin D (calcifediol) to active vitamin D (calcitriol). This is a crucial step for macrophages to express Cathelicidin Anti-microbial Peptide (CAMP), an anti-bacterial factor released during the immune response. Our recent study indicated that a Crohn's disease (CD)-associated pathogen known as Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) decreases vitamin D activation in macrophages, thereby impeding cathelicidin production and MAP infection clearance. The mechanism by which MAP infection exerts these effects on the vitamin D metabolic axis remains elusive. METHODS We used two cell culture models of THP-1 macrophages and Caco-2 monolayers to establish the effects of MAP infection on the vitamin D metabolic axis. We also tested the effects of Calcifediol, Calcitriol, and SB203580 treatments on the relative expression of the vitamin D metabolic genes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines profile. RESULTS In this study, we found that MAP infection interferes with vitamin D activation inside THP-1 macrophages by reducing levels of CYP27B1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression via interaction with the TLR2-dependent p38/MAPK pathway. MAP infection exerts its effects in a time-dependent manner, with the maximal inhibition observed at 24 h post-infection. We also demonstrated the necessity to have toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) for MAP infection to influence CYP27B1 and CAMP expression, as TLR2 gene knockdown resulted in an average increase of 7.78 ± 0.88 and 13.90 ± 3.5 folds in their expression, respectively. MAP infection also clearly decreased the levels of p38 phosphorylation and showed dependency on the p38/MAPK pathway to influence the expression of CYP27B1, VDR, and CAMP which was evident by the average fold increase of 1.93 ± 0.28, 1.86 ± 0.27, and 6.34 ± 0.51 in their expression, respectively, following p38 antagonism. Finally, we showed that calcitriol treatment and p38/MAPK blockade reduce cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in Caco-2 monolayers following macrophage-mediated MAP infection. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized the primary mechanism by which MAP infection leads to diminished levels of active vitamin D and cathelicidin in CD patients, which may explain the exacerbated vitamin D deficiency state in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saleh A. Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (M.M.T.); (A.Q.)
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Gezer A, Aras SY, Baygutalp NK, Sari EK, Bedir G, Mokhtare B, Yilmaz K. Effect of vitamin D 3 and a stinging nettle extract on the gastric tissue of rats administered with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:84-93. [PMID: 38623153 PMCID: PMC11016305 DOI: 10.17221/111/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of vitamin D3 (Vit. D) and a stinging nettle [Urtica dioica L. (UD)] extract were examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods in the stomach tissues of an experimentally created rat model of Crohn's disease (CD). The CD model was created using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The animals in the study were divided into control, TNBS, TNBS+Vit. D, and TNBS+UD groups. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanised and their stomach tissues were evaluated for necrosis, degeneration, apoptosis, and inflammation. Additionally, an immunohistochemical method was applied to determine the somatostatin (SSTR), aquaporin-1 (AQP-1), caspase-3, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivity in the gastric tissues. In the evaluations, degenerative and necrotic changes and mononuclear cell infiltration areas were observed in the TNBS group, but such changes could be improved with Vit. D and UD applications. The results suggest that the combination of the Vit. D and UD extract may have a protective and therapeutic role in mitigating TNBS-induced damage to the gastric tissues, potentially through the regulation of SSTR, AQP-1, caspase-3, and TNF-α expression. This indicates a promising avenue for further research and the exploration of these compounds in the context of gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Gezer
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Sukran Yediel Aras
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkiye
| | | | - Ebru Karadag Sari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkiye
| | - Gursel Bedir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Behzad Mokhtare
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkiye
| | - Kadriye Yilmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkiye
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Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Serrano-Castañeda P, Méndez-Albores A, Vázquez-Durán A, Vera-Graziano R, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Salgado-Machuca M, Anguiano-Almazán E, Morales-Florido MI, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Synergistic Effect of Retinoic Acid and Lactoferrin in the Maintenance of Gut Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38254678 PMCID: PMC10813542 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that binds to iron ions (Fe2+) and other metallic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, and has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The antibacterial properties of LF are due to its ability to sequester iron. The immunomodulatory capability of LF promotes homeostasis in the enteric environment, acting directly on the beneficial microbiota. LF can modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) biology, including migration and cell activation. Nonetheless, some gut microbiota strains produce toxic metabolites, and APCs are responsible for initiating the process that inhibits the inflammatory response against them. Thus, eliminating harmful strains lowers the risk of inducing chronic inflammation, and consequently, metabolic disease, which can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LF and retinoic acid (RA) exhibit immunomodulatory properties such as decreasing cytokine production, thus modifying the inflammatory response. Their activities have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. The combined, simultaneous effect of these molecules has not been studied; however, the synergistic effect of LF and RA may be employed for enhancing the secretion of humoral factors, such as IgA. We speculate that the combination of LF and RA could be a potential prophylactic alternative for the treatment of metabolic dysregulations such as T2DM. The present review focuses on the importance of a healthy diet for a balanced gut and describes how probiotics and prebiotics with immunomodulatory activity as well as inductors of differentiation and cell proliferation could be acquired directly from the diet or indirectly through the oral administration of formulations aimed to maintain gut health or restore a eubiotic state in an intestinal environment that has been dysregulated by external factors such as stress and a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Salgado-Machuca
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Ericka Anguiano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Isabel Marlene Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional e Alta Especialidad de Sumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo #400, Barrio de Santiago, 2ª Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico;
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
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Binks MJ, Bleakley AS, Pizzutto SJ, Lamberth M, Powell V, Nelson J, Kirby A, Morris PS, Simon D, Mulholland EK, Rathnayake G, Leach AJ, D'Antoine H, Licciardi PV, Snelling T, Chang AB. Randomised controlled trial of perinatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent early-onset acute respiratory infections among Australian First Nations children: the 'D-Kids' study protocol. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001646. [PMID: 37586777 PMCID: PMC10432658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. While ARI-related mortality is low in Australia, First Nations infants are hospitalised with ARIs up to nine times more often than their non-First Nations counterparts. The gap is widest in the Northern Territory (NT) where rates of both acute and chronic respiratory infection are among the highest reported in the world. Vitamin D deficiency is common among NT First Nations neonates and associated with an increased risk of ARI hospitalisation. We hypothesise that perinatal vitamin D supplementation will reduce the risk of ARI in the first year of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 'D-Kids' is a parallel (1:1), double-blind (allocation concealed), randomised placebo-controlled trial conducted among NT First Nations mother-infant pairs. Pregnant women and their babies (n=314) receive either vitamin D or placebo. Women receive 14 000 IU/week or placebo from 28 to 34 weeks gestation until birth and babies receive 4200 IU/week or placebo from birth until age 4 months. The primary outcome is the incidence of ARI episodes receiving medical attention in the first year of life. Secondary outcomes include circulating vitamin D level and nasal pathogen prevalence. Tertiary outcomes include infant immune cell phenotypes and challenge responses. Blood, nasal swabs, breast milk and saliva are collected longitudinally across four study visits: enrolment, birth, infant age 4 and 12 months. The sample size provides 90% power to detect a 27.5% relative reduction in new ARI episodes between groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is approved by the NT Human Research Ethics Committee (2018-3160). Study outcomes will be disseminated to participant families, communities, local policy-makers, the broader research and clinical community via written and oral reports, education workshops, peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618001174279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Binks
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Amy S Bleakley
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Susan J Pizzutto
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamberth
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Verity Powell
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jane Nelson
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Adrienne Kirby
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney CAR, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S Morris
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda J Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Heather D'Antoine
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne VCCC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tabassum A, Ali A, Zahedi FD, Ismail NAS. Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D on Gut Microbiome in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051441. [PMID: 37239112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and can be linked to the alteration of the gut microbiome, which leads to several immunological diseases. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between Vitamin D and children's gut microbiome, as well as its impact towards the immune system. We have systematically collated relevant studies from different databases concerning changes in the gut microbiome of children from infants to 18 years old associated with Vitamin D and the immunological pathways. The studies utilized 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal matter with or without Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D levels. Ten studies were selected for the review, among which eight studies showed significant alterations in the gut microbiome related to Vitamin D supplementation or Vitamin D levels. The taxa of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the most altered in these studies. The alteration of the taxa alters the Th1 and Th2 pathways and changes the immune response. We will discuss how Vitamin D may contribute to the activation of immune pathways via its effects on intestinal barrier function, microbiome composition, and/or direct effects on immune responses. In conclusion, the studies examined in this review have provided evidence that Vitamin D levels may have an impact on the composition of children's gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farah Dayana Zahedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Sun YH, Tian DD, Zhou JM, Ye Q. Association between vitamin D level and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1155004. [PMID: 37168807 PMCID: PMC10164952 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is related to vitamin D, but it is still unclear. This study intends to calculate the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D. Methods A comprehensive literature search from inception to January 2023 was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant data were extracted as required and used for subsequent calculations. Results Sixteen papers were included, and there was no significant difference between the average vitamin D level in IBD patients and healthy controls. In addition, the overall pooled results showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) was 2.65 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [SMD = 2.65, 95% CI = (2.26, 3.04)]. Moreover, patients with IBD in remission were 0.72 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [OR = 0.72, 95% CI = (0.52, 1.00)]. Conclusion This study suggested that there was no obvious relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D, while vitamin D supplementation can improve disease activity. Therefore, follow-up still needs many prospective studies to confirm the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D.
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Shansky Y, Bespyatykh J. Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227830. [PMID: 36431930 PMCID: PMC9692537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids play a significant role in the digestion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids perform a signaling function through their blood-circulating fraction. They regulate the activity of nuclear and membrane receptors, located in many tissues. The gut microbiota is an important factor influencing the effects of bile acids via enzymatic modification. Depending on the rate of healthy and pathogenic microbiota, a number of bile acids may support lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as shift to more toxic compounds participating in many pathological conditions. Thus, bile acids can be possible biomarkers of human pathology. However, the chemical structure of bile acids is similar and their analysis requires sensitive and specific methods of analysis. In this review, we provide information on the chemical structure and the biosynthesis of bile acids, their regulation, and their physiological role. In addition, the review describes the involvement of bile acids in various diseases of the digestive system, the approaches and challenges in the analysis of bile acids, and the prospects of their use in omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Shansky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Bespyatykh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Expertise in Doping and Drug Control, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Federal Scientific State Budgetary Institution «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health», Vorontsovo Pole Str., 12-1, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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Foley SE, Dente MJ, Lei X, Sallis BF, Loew EB, Meza-Segura M, Fitzgerald KA, McCormick BA. Microbial Metabolites Orchestrate a Distinct Multi-Tiered Regulatory Network in the Intestinal Epithelium That Directs P-Glycoprotein Expression. mBio 2022; 13:e0199322. [PMID: 35968955 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01993-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a key component of the intestinal epithelium playing a pivotal role in removal of toxins and efflux of endocannabinoids to prevent excessive inflammation and sustain homeostasis. Recent studies revealed butyrate and secondary bile acids, produced by the intestinal microbiome, potentiate the induction of functional P-gp expression. We now aim to determine the molecular mechanism by which this functional microbiome output regulates P-gp. RNA sequencing of intestinal epithelial cells responding to butyrate and secondary bile acids in combination discovered a unique transcriptional program involving multiple pathways that converge on P-gp induction. Using shRNA knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cell lines, as well as mouse models, we confirmed the RNA sequencing findings and discovered a role for intestinal HNF4α in P-gp regulation. These findings shed light on a sophisticated signaling network directed by intestinal microbial metabolites that orchestrate P-gp expression and highlight unappreciated connections between multiple pathways linked to colonic health. IMPORTANCE Preventing aberrant inflammation is essential to maintaining homeostasis in the mammalian intestine. Although P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestine is critical for protecting the intestinal epithelium from toxins and damage due to neutrophil infiltration, its regulation in the intestine is poorly understood. Findings presented in our current study have now uncovered a sophisticated and heretofore unappreciated intracellular signaling network or "reactome" directed by intestinal microbial metabolites that orchestrate regulation of P-gp. Not only do we confirm the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition and nuclear receptor activation in P-gp induction by butyrate and bile acids, but we also discovered new signaling pathways and transcription factors that are uniquely activated in response to the combination of microbial metabolites. Such findings shed new light into a multi-tiered network that maintains P-gp expression in the intestine in the context of the fluctuating commensal microbiome, to sustain a homeostatic tone in the absence of infection or insult.
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Zhu Y, Jing D, Liang H, Li D, Chang Q, Shen M, Pan P, Liu H, Zhang Y. Vitamin D status and asthma, lung function, and hospitalization among British adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:954768. [PMID: 36034921 PMCID: PMC9399919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.954768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D has been known to be associated with asthma. However, the association between vitamin D status and asthma, lung function as well as hospitalization among adults remains unclear. Objective To investigate the role of serum vitamin D in asthma prevalence, lung function, and asthma control in adults. Methods Multivariable logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D and asthma prevalence, lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC), current wheeze, and asthma-linked hospitalizations in a cross-sectional study of 435,040 adults aged 37-73 years old from the UK Biobank. Results Compared to vitamin D deficiency, the odds of asthma were decreased by 6.4% [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.936; 95% CI: 0.911-0.962; p < 0.001] and 9.8% (aOR = 0. 0.902; 95% CI: 0.877-0. 0.927; p < 0.001) in individuals with insufficient and optimal vitamin D concentration, respectively, in the fully adjusted model. In total asthmatic patients, serum vitamin D was obviously and positively related with FEV1 (β = 1.328 ml, 95% CI = 0.575-2.080), FVC (β = 2.018 ml, 95% CI = 1.127-2.908), and FEV1/FVC (β = 0.006%, 95% CI = 0.002-0.010). Asthmatic patients whose vitamin D level was in the deficient category had 9.3-19.9% higher odds of current wheeze than insufficient categories (aOR = 0.907; 95% CI: 0.861-0.957; p < 0.001) and optimal categories (aOR = 0.801; 95% CI: 0.759-0.845; p < 0.001), but the relationship between vitamin D and asthma hospitalization was not significant. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was related to higher odds of asthma and current wheeze, and lower lung function in a large sample size study of British adults. Our results indicate a potential positive impact of serum vitamin D on asthma occurrence and disease control in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhu
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaying Liang
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Qinyu Chang
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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De Conno B, Pesce M, Chiurazzi M, Andreozzi M, Rurgo S, Corpetti C, Seguella L, Del Re A, Palenca I, Esposito G, Sarnelli G. Nutraceuticals and Diet Supplements in Crohn's Disease: A General Overview of the Most Promising Approaches in the Clinic. Foods 2022; 11:1044. [PMID: 35407131 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder requiring lifelong medications. The currently approved drugs for CD are associated with relevant side effects and several studies suggest an increased use of nutraceuticals among CD patients, seeking for what is perceived as a more "natural" approach in controlling this highly morbid condition. Nutraceuticals are foods or foods' components with beneficial health properties that could aid in CD treatment for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunoregulatory activities that come along with safety, high tolerability, easy availability and affordability. Depending on their biological effect, nutraceuticals' support could be employed in different subsets of CD patients, both those with active disease, as adjunctive immunomodulatory therapies, and/or in quiescent disease to provide symptomatic relief in patients with residual functional symptoms. Despite the increasing interest of the general public, both limited research and lack of education from healthcare professionals regarding their real clinical effectiveness account for the increasing number of patients turning to unconventional sources. Professionals should recognize their widespread use and the evidence base for or against their efficacy to properly counsel IBD patients. Overall, nutraceuticals appear to be safe complements to conventional therapies; nonetheless, little quality evidence supports a positive impact on underlying inflammatory activity.
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11
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Vaccaro JA, Qasem A, Naser SA. Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) During M. paratuberculosis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:875772. [PMID: 35444957 PMCID: PMC9014016 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.875772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key regulator in calcium and phosphorus metabolism which are essential for maintaining bone health. Recent reports also showed a role for vitamin D in immune regulation which may be linked to vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune disorders including inflammatory diseases and Crohn’s disease (CD). This study examines the role of vitamin D deficiency in the regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in CD-like macrophages. The latter includes macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from CD patient. Initially, we measured cathelicidin and calcitriol in ex vivo plasma samples from CD patients with or without MAP infection (N=40 per group). We also measured the expression and production of CAMP/LL-37, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, cellular oxidative stress markers, and bacterial viability following treatment of MAP-infected macrophages with four different forms of vitamin D (D2, D3, calcifediol, and calcitriol). From these studies, we determined that LL-37 and calcitriol were significantly lower in CD samples from MAP-positive patients [155.55 ± 49.77 ng/mL and 51.48 ± 31.04 pg/mL, respectively] compared to MAP-negative patients [193.01 ± 78.95 ng/mL and 272.36 ± 94.77 pg/mL, respectively]. Moreover, calcitriol and calcifediol upregulated CAMP expression by nearly 5-fold and 3-fold, respectively. However, following MAP infection, only calcitriol increased CAMP by 3-folds. Both calcitriol and LL-37 reduced intracellular MAP viability by ~3 folds and inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β expression and production in these cells. Treating co-culture of Caco-2 monolayers and MAP-infected macrophages with LL-37 or calcitriol have shown a reduction in NOX-1 expression and DHE signal, in addition to a higher NADPH/NADPt ratio. Notably, calcitriol’s anti-inflammatory effects were lost upon CAMP knockdown by CAMP-siRNA transfection. Altogether, the data indicate that MAP infection and burden is significant in CD by disrupting the conversion of calcifediol to calcitriol and downregulation of CAMP expression leading to vitamin D deficiency.
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12
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Abstract
Vitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In immune cells such as macrophages, expression of CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading to local production of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) at sites of infection, which in turn directly induces the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Vitamin D signaling is active upstream and downstream of pattern recognition receptors, which promote front-line innate immune responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, which has emerged as a mechanism critical for control of intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Strong laboratory and epidemiological evidence links vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of conditions such as dental caries, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation of innate immune handling intestinal flora. 1,25D is also active in signaling cascades that promote antiviral innate immunity; 1,25D-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized for its antibacterial properties, is a key component of antiviral responses. Poor vitamin D status is associated with greater susceptibility to viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has been alleviated in some areas by the arrival of vaccines, it remains important to identify therapeutic interventions that reduce disease severity and mortality, and accelerate recovery. This review outlines of our current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D signaling in the innate immune system. It also provides an assessment of the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in infectious diseases, including an up-to-date analysis of the putative benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten Ismailova
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - John H White
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
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13
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Sassine S, Savoie Robichaud M, Lin YF, Djani L, Cambron-Asselin C, Qaddouri M, Zekhnine S, Grzywacz K, Groleau V, Dirks M, Drouin É, Halac U, Marchand V, Girard C, Courbette O, Patey N, Dal Soglio D, Deslandres C, Jantchou P. Changes in the clinical phenotype and behavior of pediatric luminal Crohn's disease at diagnosis in the last decade. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:343-351. [PMID: 34756526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aims of this study were to describe the trends in the behavior of pediatric CD during the last decade and to describe the seasonal variation of disease presentation. METHODS Patients under 18 years old and diagnosed between 2009 and 2019 were included. The clinical, endoscopic, histological, and laboratory data were collected from the medical records. We analyzed the trends of these parameters according to the year and season of diagnosis. RESULTS 654 patients were included in the study. The number of incident CD cases increased yearly. Patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 were younger at diagnosis (OR 2.53, p = 0.02), had more perianal diseases (OR: 2.30, p < 0.0001) and more granulomas (OR: 1.61, p = 0.003), but fewer eosinophils (OR: 0.35, p < 0.0001) and less chronic lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (OR: 0.56, p = 0.008) as compared to the 2009-2014 cohort. There was fewer CD diagnosis during winter. Patients diagnosed in the fall had lower PCDAIs, less failure to thrive and less extensive digestive involvement. Colonic disease was significantly more frequent during summer and fall. CONCLUSION The clinical and histological phenotype of CD has changed over time and there are important seasonal trends in the frequency and severity on disease behavior suggesting possible disease triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sassine
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Savoie Robichaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yi Fan Lin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Djani
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Cambron-Asselin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marwa Qaddouri
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Souhila Zekhnine
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelly Grzywacz
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Groleau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martha Dirks
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Drouin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ugur Halac
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marchand
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Girard
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Courbette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prévost Jantchou
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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White JH. Emerging Roles of Vitamin D-Induced Antimicrobial Peptides in Antiviral Innate Immunity. Nutrients 2022; 14:284. [PMID: 35057465 PMCID: PMC8779757 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, characterized by low circulating levels of calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25D) has been linked to increased risk of infections of bacterial and viral origin. Innate immune cells produce hormonal calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25D) locally from circulating calcifediol in response to pathogen threat and an immune-specific cytokine network. Calcitriol regulates gene expression through its binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor. The hormone-bound VDR induces the transcription of genes integral to innate immunity including pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and most importantly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transcription of the human AMP genes β-defensin 2/defensin-β4 (HBD2/DEFB4) and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is stimulated by the VDR bound to promoter-proximal vitamin D response elements. HDB2/DEFB4 and the active form of CAMP, the peptide LL-37, which form amphipathic secondary structures, were initially characterized for their antibacterial actively. Notably, calcitriol signaling induces secretion of antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo, and low circulating levels of calcifediol are associated with diverse indications characterized by impaired antibacterial immunity such as dental caries and urinary tract infections. However, recent work has also provided evidence that the same AMPs are components of 1,25D-induced antiviral responses, including those against the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus. This review surveys the evidence for 1,25D-induced antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo in humans and presents our current understanding of the potential mechanisms by which CAMP and HBD2/DEFB4 contribute to antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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15
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Sanlier N, Guney-Coskun M. Vitamin D, the immune system, and its relationship with diseases. Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz 2022; 70:39. [PMCID: PMC9573796 DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is classified as an immunomodulatory hormone that is synthesized because of skin exposure to sunlight. It is known to come into play during the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its deficiency can cause many diseases and their associated pleiotropic effects. In addition, in relation to its eminent function as regards adaptive immune response and innate immune response, vitamin D level is associated with immune tolerance. Methods Literature search prior to May 2021 was conducted through selected websites, including the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and EFSA. Results Vitamin D is found effective for the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, and cell proliferation along with differentiation. Its role as an immune modulator is based on the presence of receptors on many immune cells and the synthesis of its active metabolite from these cells. Vitamin D, an immune system modulator, inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates cell differentiation. A fair number of immune system diseases, encompassing autoimmune disorders alongside infectious diseases, can occur because of low serum vitamin D levels. Supplementation of vitamin D has positive effects in lessening the severity nature of disease activity; there exists no consensus on the dose to be used. Conclusion It is figured out that a higher number of randomized controlled trials are essential to evaluate efficacy pertaining to clinical cases, treatment duration, type, and dose of supplementation and pathophysiology of diseases, immune system functioning, and the effect of vitamin D to be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, 06050 Turkey
| | - Merve Guney-Coskun
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Andrén Aronsson C, Liu X, Norris JM, Uusitalo U, Butterworth MD, Koletzko S, Virtanen SM, Erlund I, Kurppa K, Hagopian WA, Rewers MJ, She JX, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Agardh D. 25(OH)D Levels in Infancy Is Associated With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in At-Risk Children: A Case-Control Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:720041. [PMID: 34604278 PMCID: PMC8479793 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.720041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An observed variation in the risk of celiac disease, according to the season of birth, suggests that vitamin D may affect the development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D concentration is associated with the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically at-risk children. Study Design: Children prospectively followed in the multinational The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study, conducted at six centers in Europe and the US, were selected for a 1-to-3 nested case-control study. In total, 281 case-control sets were identified. CDA was defined as positivity for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA) on two or more consecutive visits. Vitamin D was measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in all plasma samples prior to, and including, the first tTGA positive visit. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between 25(OH)D and risk of CDA. Results: No significant association was seen between 25(OH)D concentrations (per 5 nmol/L increase) and risk for CDA development during early infancy (odds ratio [OR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.04) or childhood (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). When categorizing 25(OH)D concentrations, there was an increased risk of CDA with 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.29, 3.84) and >75 nmol/L (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.28-3.44) in early infancy, as compared with 50-75 nmol/L. Conclusion: This study indicates that 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L and >75 nmol/L during early infancy were associated with an increased risk of developing CDA in genetically at-risk children. The non-linear relationship raises the need for more studies on the possible role of 25(OH)D in the relation to celiac disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ulla Uusitalo
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Martha D. Butterworth
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium, Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- The University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | | | - Marian J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey P. Krischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lefort C, Cani PD. The Liver under the Spotlight: Bile Acids and Oxysterols as Pivotal Actors Controlling Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020400. [PMID: 33669184 PMCID: PMC7919658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the myriad of molecules produced by the liver, both bile acids and their precursors, the oxysterols are becoming pivotal bioactive lipids which have been underestimated for a long time. Their actions are ranging from regulation of energy homeostasis (i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism) to inflammation and immunity, thereby opening the avenue to new treatments to tackle metabolic disorders associated with obesity (e.g., type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis) and inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the biosynthesis of these endocrine factors including their interconnection with the gut microbiota and their impact on host homeostasis as well as their attractive potential for the development of therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
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Bendix M, Dige A, Jørgensen SP, Dahlerup JF, Bibby BM, Deleuran B, Agnholt J. Decrease in Mucosal IL17A, IFNγ and IL10 Expressions in Active Crohn's Disease Patients Treated with High-Dose Vitamin Alone or Combined with Infliximab. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3699. [PMID: 33266022 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D treatment may reduce Crohn’s disease (CD) activity by modulating the mucosal immune function. We investigated if high-dose vitamin D +/− infliximab modulated the mucosal cytokine expression in active CD. Methods: Forty CD patients were randomized into: infliximab + vitamin D; infliximab + placebo-vitamin D; placebo-infliximab + vitamin D or placebo-infliximab + placebo-vitamin D. Infliximab (5 mg/kg) and placebo-infliximab were administered at weeks 0, 2 and 6. Oral vitamin D was administered as bolus 200,000 international units (IU) per week 0 followed by 20,000 IU/day for 7 weeks or placebo. Endoscopy with biopsies was performed at weeks 0 and 7 where endoscopic activity was measured and mucosal mRNA cytokine expression was examined. C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin and Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) were measured at weeks 0, 2 and 6. Results: High-dose vitamin D treatment alone and combined with infliximab decreased the IL17A, IFNγ and IL10 expression. High-dose vitamin D alone did not significantly decrease the disease activity, CRP or calprotectin. Combined infliximab and vitamin D treatment was not clinically significantly superior to monotherapy with infliximab. Conclusions: High-dose vitamin D as monotherapy and combined with infliximab decreases IL17A, IFNγ and IL-10 expression in mucosa within treatment groups. This did not induce a statistically significant decreased disease activity. EudraCT no.2013-000971-34.
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19
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Gu Z, Duan M, Sun Y, Leng T, Xu T, Gu Y, Gu Z, Lin Z, Yang L, Ji M. Effects of Vitamin D3 on Intestinal Flora in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Rifaximin. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925068. [PMID: 33177483 PMCID: PMC7670830 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin is an antimicrobial agent used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D3 can control IBD due to its effects on inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin D3 on the intestinal flora of a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model treated with rifaximin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mouse model of IBD was developed using DSS (4%) administered via the drinking water. Twenty-four male C57BL6 mice were divided into the control group with a normal diet (N=6), the DSS group with a normal diet (N=6), the DSS group with a normal diet treated with rifaximin (N=6), and the DSS group with a normal diet treated with rifaximin and vitamin D3 (N=6). After 14 days, the colonic tissue was studied histologically. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the level of IL-6 and P65, and phospho-p65 was measured by western blot. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze fecal samples. RESULTS In the DSS mouse model of IBD, rifaximin reduced the inflammation severity of the colon and reduced the expression of phospho-p65, p65, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. In the DSS+rifaximin+vitamin D3 group, the therapeutic influences of rifaximin, in terms of weight loss and colonic disease activity, were significantly reduced, and the gut microbiota of the mice were completely changed in composition and diversity. CONCLUSIONS In a mouse model of IBD, treatment with vitamin D3 significantly increased the metabolism of rifaximin and reduced its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Mingxiu Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Leng
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zejuan Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Lin
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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20
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Kellermann L, Jensen KB, Bergenheim F, Gubatan J, Chou ND, Moss A, Nielsen OH. Mucosal vitamin D signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102672. [PMID: 32942038 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low serum levels correlate with a higher disease activity and a more complicated disease course. The link to IBD pathogenesis has been subject of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A leaky gut, i.e. an insufficient intestinal epithelial barrier, is thought to be central for the pathogenesis of IBD, and emerging data support the concept that vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in controlling barrier integrity. Here we review the latest evidence on how vitamin D promotes the interplay between IECs, the gut microbiome, and immune cells and thereby regulate the intestinal immune response. On the cellular level, vitamin D signaling regulates tight junctional complexes, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased epithelial barrier integrity, and promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides as part of its immunomodulating functions. Further, intestinal VDR expression is inversely correlated with the severity of inflammation in patients with IBD, which might compromise the positive effects of vitamin D signaling in patients with flaring disease. Efforts to reveal the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD will pave the road for the invention of more rational treatment strategies of this debilitating disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Kellermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Naomi D Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Boston Medical Center & Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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21
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Jovic TH, Ali SR, Ibrahim N, Jessop ZM, Tarassoli SP, Dobbs TD, Holford P, Thornton CA, Whitaker IS. Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2550. [PMID: 32842513 PMCID: PMC7551685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The role of vitamin and mineral supplementation or "immunonutrition" has previously been explored in a number of clinical trials in intensive care settings, and there are several hypotheses to support their routine use. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate whether vitamin supplementation is beneficial in COVID-19. A systematic search strategy with a narrative literature summary was designed, using the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials Register, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry, and Nexis media databases. The immune-mediating, antioxidant and antimicrobial roles of vitamins A to E were explored and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19 was evaluated. The major topics extracted for narrative synthesis were physiological and immunological roles of each vitamin, their role in respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and COVID-19. Vitamins A to E highlighted potentially beneficial roles in the fight against COVID-19 via antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, enhancing natural barriers, and local paracrine signaling. Level 1 and 2 evidence supports the use of thiamine, vitamin C, and vitamin D in COVID-like respiratory diseases, ARDS, and sepsis. Although there are currently no published clinical trials due to the novelty of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is pathophysiologic rationale for exploring the use of vitamins in this global pandemic, supported by early anecdotal reports from international groups. The final outcomes of ongoing trials of vitamin supplementation are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Jovic
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Stephen R Ali
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Nader Ibrahim
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Zita M Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Sam P Tarassoli
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Thomas D Dobbs
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Patrick Holford
- Institute for Optimum Nutrition, Ambassador House, Paradise Road, Richmond TW9 1SQ, UK;
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Sciences 1, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PY, UK;
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
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22
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Fakhoury HMA, Kvietys PR, AlKattan W, Anouti FA, Elahi MA, Karras SN, Grant WB. Vitamin D and intestinal homeostasis: Barrier, microbiota, and immune modulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 200:105663. [PMID: 32194242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in intestinal homeostasis. Vitamin D can impact the function of virtually every cell in the gut by binding to its intracellular receptor (VDR) and subsequently transcribing relevant genes. In the lumen, the mucus layer and the underlying epithelium serve to keep resident microbiota at bay. Vitamin D ensures an appropriate level of antimicrobial peptides in the mucus and maintains epithelial integrity by reinforcing intercellular junctions. Should bacteria penetrate the epithelial layer and enter the interstitium, immune sentinel cells (e.g. macrophages, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells) elicit inflammation and trigger the adaptive immune response by activating Th1/Th17 cells. Vitamin D/VDR signaling in these cells ensures clearance of the bacteria. Subsequently, vitamin D also quiets the adaptive immune system by suppressing the Th1/Th17 cells and favoring Treg cells. The importance of vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal homeostasis is evidenced by the development of a chronic inflammatory state (e.g. IBD) when this signaling system is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M A Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael AlKattan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Affan Elahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - William B Grant
- Director, Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Chatterjee I, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Vitamin D receptor promotes healthy microbial metabolites and microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7340. [PMID: 32355205 PMCID: PMC7192915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota derived metabolites act as chemical messengers that elicit a profound impact on host physiology. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key genetic factor for shaping the host microbiome. However, it remains unclear how microbial metabolites are altered in the absence of VDR. We investigated metabolites from mice with tissue-specific deletion of VDR in intestinal epithelial cells or myeloid cells. Conditional VDR deletion severely changed metabolites specifically produced from carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and bile acid metabolism. Eighty-four out of 765 biochemicals were significantly altered due to the Vdr status, and 530 significant changes were due to the high-fat diet intervention. The impact of diet was more prominent due to loss of VDR as indicated by the differences in metabolites generated from energy expenditure, tri-carboxylic acid cycle, tocopherol, polyamine metabolism, and bile acids. The effect of HFD was more pronounced in female mice after VDR deletion. Interestingly, the expression levels of farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine were significantly increased after intestinal epithelial VDR deletion and were further increased by the high-fat diet. Our study highlights the gender differences, tissue specificity, and potential gut-liver-microbiome axis mediated by VDR that might trigger downstream metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chatterjee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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24
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Mailhot G, White JH. Vitamin D and Immunity in Infants and Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1233. [PMID: 32349265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last couple of decades have seen an explosion in our interest and understanding of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of immunity. At the molecular level, the hormonal form of vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor. The VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are expressed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The advent of genome-wide approaches to gene expression profiling have led to the identification of numerous VDR-regulated genes implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The molecular data infer that vitamin D signaling should boost innate immunity against pathogens of bacterial or viral origin. Vitamin D signaling also suppresses inflammatory immune responses that underlie autoimmunity and regulate allergic responses. These findings have been bolstered by clinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmunity, and allergies. Our goals here are to provide an overview of the molecular basis for immune system regulation and to survey the clinical data from pediatric populations, using randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses where possible, linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmune conditions, and allergies, and addressing the impact of supplementation on these conditions.
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25
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Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Cosín-Roger J, Hernández C, Macias-Ceja DC, Ortiz-Masiá D, Salvador P, Esplugues JV, Hinojosa J, Navarro F, Calatayud S, Barrachina MD. Diminished Vitamin D Receptor Protein Levels in Crohn's Disease Fibroblasts: Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2020; 12:E973. [PMID: 32244667 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated to Crohn’s disease (CD) pathogenesis, and the exogenous administration of VD improves the course of the disease, but the mechanistic basis of these observations remains unknown. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates most of the biological functions of this hormone, and we aim to analyze here the expression of VDR in intestinal tissue, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts from CD patients. The effects of VD on a fibroblast wound healing assay and murine intestinal fibrosis are also analyzed. Our data show diminished VDR protein levels in surgical resections and epithelial cells from CD patients. In intestinal fibroblasts isolated from damaged tissue of CD patients, we detected enhanced migration and decreased VDR expression compared with both fibroblasts from non-damaged tissue of the same CD patient or control fibroblasts. Treatment with VD increased VDR protein levels, avoided the accelerated migration in CD fibroblasts, and prevented murine intestinal fibrosis induced by the heterotopic transplant model. In conclusion, our study demonstrates diminished VDR protein levels associated with enhanced migration in intestinal fibroblasts from damaged tissue of CD patients. In these cells, VD accumulates VDR and normalizes migration, which supports that CD patients would benefit from the VD anti-fibrotic therapeutic value that we demonstrate in a murine experimental model.
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26
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Issokson K. "Diet in the Etiopathogenesis of IBD: Is There A Culinary Culprit?". Crohns Colitis 360 2020; 2:otz055. [PMID: 36777953 PMCID: PMC9802234 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lay Summary
Research suggests that diet plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Eating more fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and limiting food additives may lower risk. More research is needed to better understand diet factors that may protect against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Issokson
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Address correspondence to: Kelly Issokson, 8723 Alden Drive, Thalians, Ste E204 Los Angeles, CA 90048 ()
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27
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Olmedo-Martín RV, González-Molero I, Olveira G, Amo-Trillo V, Jiménez-Pérez M. Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:390-398. [PMID: 31109269 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190520112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has an immunoregulatory action in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) as well as other immune-mediated disorders. Its influence on intestinal permeability, innate and adaptive immunity, and the composition and diversity of the microbiota contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Patients with IBD have a greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than the general population, and a possible association between this deficit and a worse course of the disease. However, intervention studies in patients with IBD have proved inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To review all the evidence concerning the role of vitamin D as an important factor in the pathophysiology of IBD, review the associations found between its deficiency and the prognosis of the disease, and draw conclusions for the practical application from the main intervention studies undertaken. METHODS Structured search and review of basic, epidemiological, clinical and intervention studies evaluating the influence of vitamin D in IBD, following the basic principles of scientific data. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease activity, quality of life, the consumption of social and healthcare resources, and the durability of anti-TNFα biological treatment. Determination of new metabolites of vitamin D, measurement of its absorption capacity and questionnaires about sun exposure could help identify groups of IBD patients with a special risk of vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION Well-designed intervention studies are needed in IBD, with probably higher objective plasma doses of vitamin D to establish its efficacy as a therapeutic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Meanwhile, vitamin D deficiency should be screened for and corrected in affected patients in order to achieve adequate bone and phosphocalcic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Vicente Olmedo-Martín
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Inmaculada González-Molero
- Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga; Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga; CIBERDEM, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olveira
- Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga; Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga; CIBERDEM, Malaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Amo-Trillo
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Jiménez-Pérez
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
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28
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Li H, Li W, Wang Q. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-κB signaling in oral epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:236. [PMID: 31684930 PMCID: PMC6829944 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiinflammatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) has been reported in periodontitis, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Oral epithelial cells are recently highlighted as an important regulator of inflammation in this disease. This in vitro study was established to investigate the effect of 1,25D3 on key proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 production and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in oral epithelial cells upon the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens. Methods OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were incubated with LPS and different concentrations of 1,25D3, and levels of IL-6 production were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), and activation of AhR was examined using western blot analysis, and phosphorylation of NF-κB was detected using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA. Results 1,25D3 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, 1,25D3 increased VDR expression and AhR activation, and repressed NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, 1,25D3 suppressed IL-6 expression and enhanced VDR expression and regulated AhR/NF-κB signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that 1,25D3 may inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in human oral epithelial cells through AhR/NF-κB signaling. Our findings may provide an explanation for the antiinflammatory effect and therapeutic benefit of 1,25D3 in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24876 Taylor Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
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29
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Li H, Zhong X, Li W, Wang Q. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on experimental periodontitis and AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a mouse model. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180713. [PMID: 31691738 PMCID: PMC6831029 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been known to have important regulatory functions in inflammation and immune response and shows inhibitory effects on experimental periodontitis in animal models. However, the potential mechanism has yet to be clarified. Recent studies have highlighted Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its downstream signaling as a crucial regulator of immune homeostasis and inflammatory regulation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) on experimental periodontitis and AhR/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in the gingival epithelium in a murine model. METHODOLOGY We induced periodontitis in male C57BL/6 wild-type mice by oral inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and subsequently gave intraperitoneal VD3 injection to the mice every other day for 8 weeks. Afterwards, we examined the alveolar bone using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and detected the gingival epithelial protein using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS SEM images demonstrated that alveolar bone loss was reduced in the periodontitis mouse model after VD3 supplementation. Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical staining of the gingival epithelium showed that the expression of vitamin D receptor, AhR and its downstream cytochrome P450 1A1 were enhanced upon VD3 application. Additionally, VD3 decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate the alleviation of periodontitis and the alteration of AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by VD3 in the mouse model. The attenuation of this periodontal disease may correlate with the regulation of AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by VD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Guangxi Medical University, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Guangxi Medical University, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, China
| | - Wei Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China
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Illescas-Montes R, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ruiz C, Costela-Ruiz VJ. Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116744. [PMID: 31401314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) has increased over the past few decades. Vitamin D deficiency is a common factor in many of these diseases, whose etiology remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to review published data on the role of vitamin D in ADs. Vitamin D insufficiency has been described as an important factor in the development of some ADs, generally attributed to the key role of this vitamin in the immune system. Most studies show that adequate supplementation can prevent and improve the development of some of these diseases, although the optimal vitamin D dose remains controversial. We highlight the importance of measuring serum vitamin D levels of the population and developing strategies to improve and maintain levels with no health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Institut of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Avda, del Conocimiento S/N, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
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Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, Bikle D, White JH, Dawson-Hughes B, Lips P, Munns CF, Lazaretti-Castro M, Giustina A, Bilezikian J. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1109-1151. [PMID: 30321335 PMCID: PMC6626501 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily indirect and mediated by its effect on intestinal calcium transport and serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by daily supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) accelerates bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. These risks can be reduced by 800 IU of vitamin D together with an appropriate calcium intake, given to institutionalized or vitamin D-deficient elderly subjects. VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are widely expressed. Numerous genetic, molecular, cellular, and animal studies strongly suggest that vitamin D signaling has many extraskeletal effects. These include regulation of cell proliferation, immune and muscle function, skin differentiation, and reproduction, as well as vascular and metabolic properties. From observational studies in human subjects, poor vitamin D status is associated with nearly all diseases predicted by these extraskeletal actions. Results of randomized controlled trials and Mendelian randomization studies are supportive of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of some diseases, but, globally, conclusions are mixed. These findings point to a need for continued ongoing and future basic and clinical studies to better define whether vitamin D status can be optimized to improve many aspects of human health. Vitamin D deficiency enhances the risk of osteoporotic fractures and is associated with many diseases. We review what is established and what is plausible regarding the health effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Craig F Munns
- Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - John Bilezikian
- Department of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Burrelli Scotti G, Afferri MT, De Carolis A, Vaiarello V, Fassino V, Ferrone F, Minisola S, Nieddu L, Vernia P. Factors affecting vitamin D deficiency in active inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:657-662. [PMID: 30587439 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may be associated with disease activity. AIM This study evaluated vitamin D (VitD) status in an Italian cohort of IBD patients, not taking VitD supplementation. We investigated risk factors for VitD deficiency and its correlation with disease activity. METHODS VitD levels were measured in 300 consecutive outpatients (42% with Crohn's Disease (CD) and 58% with ulcerative colitis (UC), 56% male) from a tertiary referral center. Data from the IBD cohort were compared with those of 234 healthy controls, matched by sex, age, and the month in which VitD levels were measured. RESULTS The mean VitD level in IBD patients was significantly lower than in controls (18.9 ng/ml vs. 25 ng/ml, p < 0.001) when accounting for gender, age, and season. VitD deficiency was present in 62% of IBD patients. Risk factors for deficiency were: age <40 and ≥60 years, winter, previous surgery, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥0.5 mg/dl, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥20 mm/h. In multivariate analysis, VitD levels were negatively influenced by disease location and CRP in UC. CONCLUSIONS Although VitD deficiency was more prevalent than expected in healthy controls living in a Mediterranean country not at high risk of hypovitaminosis D, it was more common and severe in IBD patients. This study also found an association between VitD status and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Burrelli Scotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Afferri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora De Carolis
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaiarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fassino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Internal Medicine A and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Internal Medicine A and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Internal Medicine A and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Nieddu
- Faculty of Economics, UNINT University of International Studies, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Vernia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Yoo JS, Park CY, Seo YK, Woo SH, Kim DY, Han SN. Vitamin D supplementation partially affects colonic changes in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis obese mice but not lean mice. Nutr Res 2019; 67:90-99. [PMID: 30995974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often accompanies vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin D supplementation ameliorates IBD symptoms in animal models and humans. Because altered vitamin D metabolism has been reported in obesity, we hypothesized that the effects of vitamin D on the development of IBD would be different between obese and control mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were divided into 4 groups and fed a diet differing in fat content (10% or 45%, normal diet [ND] or high-fat diet [HFD]) and vitamin D content (1000 or 10 000 IU/kg of diet, vDC or vDS) for 14 weeks. At week 13, colitis was induced by administration of 2% dextran sodium sulfate for 7 days. Histology score tended to be lower in the HFD-vDS group than HFD-vDC group, but there was no effect of vitamin D on the ND group. Colonic Cldn1 and Cyp27b1 mRNA levels were higher in the HFD-vDS than HFD-vDC group, but these effects of vitamin D were not observed in the ND group. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with the histology score in the HFD group but not in the ND group. Overall, these results suggest that vitamin D supplementation partially prevents the histological damage of the colon in obese mice but not in control mice. This effect might be mediated by increased colonic Cyp27b1 levels, leading to upregulation of local 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Kyung Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu X, Zhu Y, Li C, Yu J, Ren D, Qiu S, Nie Y, Yu X, Xu X, Zhu W. 1,25‑Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing miR-125b. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:106-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zendehdel A, Arefi M. Molecular evidence of role of vitamin D deficiency in various extraskeletal diseases. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8829-8840. [PMID: 30609168 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role of vitamin D is not only limited to skeletal system but various other systems of the body, such as immune system, endocrine system, and cardiopulmonary system. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is supported by the confirmations of systems-wide expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), endocrinal effect of calcitriol, and its role in immune responses. RESULTS Expression of VDR in various systems, immunoregulatory and hormonal response of vitamin D and deficiency of vitamin D may establish various pathologies in the body. CONCLUSION This review provides molecular evidence of relation of vitamin D with extra skeletal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zendehdel
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arefi
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Olmedo Martín RV, González Molero I, Olveira Fuster G, Amo Trillo V, Jiménez Pérez M. Vitamin D deficiency in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and association with clinical-biological activity. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2019; 111:46-54. [PMID: 30284908 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2018.5714/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION there are few data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain. A deficiency could be associated with a worse course of the disease. AIM to determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in a cohort of outpatients with IBD and assess its association with clinical and biological activity, quality of life and psychological symptoms. METHODS a cross-sectional, single-center observational study was performed. The study variables were obtained via clinical interviews, medical chart review and validated questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire). 25OHD was measured in the same laboratory by an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS the study included 224 patients. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was 33.3% and 20.3%, respectively. In Crohn's disease, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher clinical activity (p < 0.001) and a higher concentration of fecal calprotectin (p = 0.01). In ulcerative colitis, it was associated with clinical activity (p < 0.001), the use of steroids during the last six months (p = 0.001) and hospital admission during the previous year (p = 0.003). A sub-analysis of 149 patients failed to detect an association between vitamin D and quality of life or the scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CONCLUSIONS vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. An association was found between vitamin D concentration and clinical activity indexes, as well as fecal calprotectin levels in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Víctor Amo Trillo
- UGC Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, España
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Abstract
Resistance to vitamin D has been known for decades as vitamin D resistant rickets, caused by mutations of the gene encoding for vitamin D receptor (VDR). Findings of extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D and learning of the molecular mechanisms used by its biologically active metabolite calcitriol revealed other ways leading to its impaired sensitivity. Calcitriol takes advantage of both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms through its binding to vitamin D receptor, located not only in the cell nuclei but also in a perinuclear space. On the genomic level the complex of calcitriol bound to VDR binds to the DNA responsive elements of the controlled gene in concert with another nuclear receptor, retinoid X receptor, and expression of the VDR itself is controlled by its own ligand. These elements were found not only in the promotor region, but are scattered over the gene DNA. The gene expression includes a number of nuclear transcription factors which interact with the responsive elements and with each other and learning how they operate would further contribute to revealing causes of the impaired vitamin D sensitivity. Finally, the examples of major disorders are provided, associated with impairment of the vitamin D function and its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Máčová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lin S, Wang Y, Li L, Chen P, Mao R, Feng R, Qiu Y, He Y, Chen B, Zeng Z, Chen M, Zhang S. A New Model Based on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 for Predicting Active Crohn's Disease in Chinese Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3275025. [PMID: 30647532 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3275025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between vitamin D3 and activity of Crohn's disease (CD) is unclear in Chinese patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlations between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and disease activity and predict active disease based on vitamin D status. Methods Between January 2014 and December 2017, 346 CD patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were recruited and categorized into a group with 25(OH)D3 ≤ 20 ng/ml and a group with 25(OH)D3 > 20 ng/ml. The clinical characteristics, medication, and health-care needs were compared between the groups. The correlations among 25(OH)D3 and routine serum biomarkers and disease activity were examined. The predictive efficiency of 25(OH)D3 and other biomarkers for active diseases was also explored using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A new predictive model, −(5∗25(OH)D3 + 2∗Hb) + ESR, and a nomogram were established using Logistic Regression. Results Patients with 25(OH)D3 ≤ 20 ng/ml had higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelets (PLT) and lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (ALB). Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were inversely correlated with the score of Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (rs = −0.608). ROC analysis showed a better predictive value of −25(OH)D3 and the new model with areas under curve (AUC) of 0.804 and 0.879, respectively, than those of CRP (0.693) and ESR (0.713) in disease activity. A nomogram for prediction was established with a c-index of 0.882. Conclusions Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 negatively correlated with CD activity in Chinese patients. The new model and a nomogram based on 25(OH)D3 showed a better efficiency in predicting disease activity in CD patients but warrants further study.
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Schapochnik A, da Silva MR, Leal MP, Esteves J, Hebeda CB, Sandri S, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Farsky SHP, Marcos RL, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A. Vitamin D treatment abrogates the inflammatory response in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:60-67. [PMID: 29944852 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of intentional or accidental paraquat (PQ) ingestion is related to irreversible lung fibrosis and no effective therapy is currently available. Vitamin D has emerged with promising results as an immunomodulatory molecule when abrogating the inflammatory responses of lung diseases. Therefore, we have investigated the role of vitamin D treatments on PQ-induced lung fibrosis in male C57/BL6 mice. Lung fibrosis was induced by a single injection of PQ (10 mg/kg; i.p.). The control group received PQ vehicle. Seven days later, after the PQ injection or the vehicle injection, the mice received vitamin D (5 μg/kg, i.p., once a day) or vehicle, for a further 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of vitamin D or the vehicle, the analysis were performed. The vitamin D treatments reduced the number of leukocytes in their BALF and they decreased the IL-6, IL-17, TGF-beta and MMP-9 levels and the abrogated collagenase deposits in their lung tissues. Conversely, the vitamin D treatments increased the resolvin D levels in their BALF. Moreover, their tracheal contractility was also significantly reduced by the vitamin D treatments. Altogether, the data that was obtained showed a promising use of vitamin D, in treating the lung fibrosis that had been induced by the PQ intoxications. This may improve its prognostic use for a non-invasive and low cost therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Schapochnik
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Rodrigues da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Peres Leal
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Esteves
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bichels Hebeda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Helena Poliseli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic and unpredictable condition characterised by alternating periods of remission interspersed with relapses. In recent years, accumulating support for an immunomodulating effect of vitamin D on both the innate and the adaptive immune systems has been presented. Through the vitamin D receptor, the active form of vitamin D, 1,25[OH]2D, induces antimicrobial peptide secretion, decreases dendritic cell activity, and promotes Th2 and regulatory T cell development and activity. In addition, vitamin D promotes an increased ratio of anti-inflammatory cytokines to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies in IBD point to a role for vitamin D in ameliorating disease outcome. Suboptimal circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are common in IBD and appear to be associated with an increased risk of flares, IBD-related hospitalisations and surgeries, an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor [TNF] inhibitors, a deterioration in quality of life, and low bone mineral density. With only few available randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigating therapeutic effects of vitamin D related to IBD, further research is necessary to determine the true therapeutic potential of vitamin D, as well as to define its optimal range in serum to achieve and maintain quiescence of disease. This review aims to summarise the latest knowledge on the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D in IBD, and outlines the potential deleterious consequences of vitamin D deficiency in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan C Moss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Celiberto LS, Graef FA, Healey GR, Bosman ES, Jacobson K, Sly LM, Vallance BA. Inflammatory bowel disease and immunonutrition: novel therapeutic approaches through modulation of diet and the gut microbiome. Immunology 2018; 155:36-52. [PMID: 29693729 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, thought to at least in part reflect an aberrant immune response to gut bacteria. IBD is increasing in incidence, particularly in populations that have recently immigrated to western countries. This suggests that environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. We hypothesize that the increase in IBD rates might reflect the consumption of an unhealthy Western diet, containing excess calories and lacking in key nutritional factors, such as fibre and vitamin D. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can dramatically influence the activation of immune cells and the mediators they release through a process called immunonutrition. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of beneficial versus pathogenic bacteria in the gut. This microbial imbalance can alter levels of microbiota-derived metabolites that in turn can influence innate and adaptive intestinal immune responses. If the diet-gut microbiome disease axis does indeed underpin much of the 'western' influence on the onset and progression of IBD, then tremendous opportunity exists for therapeutic changes in lifestyle, to modulate the gut microbiome and to correct immune imbalances in individuals with IBD. This review highlights four such therapeutic strategies - probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D and caloric restriction - that have the potential to improve and add to current IBD treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S Celiberto
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Genelle R Healey
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Else S Bosman
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Costanzo M, Cesi V, Palone F, Pierdomenico M, Colantoni E, Leter B, Vitali R, Negroni A, Cucchiara S, Stronati L. Krill oil, vitamin D and Lactobacillus reuteri cooperate to reduce gut inflammation. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:389-399. [PMID: 29633636 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current research into original therapies to treat intestinal inflammation is focusing on no-drug therapies. KLD is a mixture of krill oil (KO), probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (LR), and vitamin D (VitD3). The aim of this study was to assess in vitro and in vivo the potential cooperative effects of KLD in reducing gut inflammation. Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, CACO2 and HT29, and C57BL/6 mice were used for in vitro and in vivo analyses, respectively. Cells were exposed to cytomix (interferon gamma + tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) to induce inflammation or co-exposed to cytomix and KO, LR and VitD3 alone or to cytomix and KLD. Animals were treated for 7 days with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) to induce colitis or with DSS and KLD. In vitro assays: F-actin expression was analysed by immunofluorescence; scratch test and trans-epithelial electric resistance test were performed to measure wound healing; adhesion/invasion assays of adhesive and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria were made; mRNA expression of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-8 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) was detected by quantitative PCR. In vivo assays: body weight, clinical score, histological score and large intestine weight and length were estimated; mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 by quantitative PCR; VDR expression was detected by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro: KLD restores epithelial cell-cell adhesion and mucosal healing during inflammation, while decreases the adhesiveness and invasiveness of AIEC bacteria and TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA expression and increases VDR expression. In vivo: KLD significantly improves body weight, clinical score, histological score and large intestine length of mice with DSS-induced colitis and reduces TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels, while increases IL-10 mRNA and VDR levels. KLD has significant effects on the intestinal mucosa, strongly decreasing inflammation, increasing epithelial restitution and reducing pathogenicity of harmful commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costanzo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - V Cesi
- 2 Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Via Angullarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - F Palone
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Pierdomenico
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - E Colantoni
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - B Leter
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - R Vitali
- 2 Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Via Angullarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - A Negroni
- 2 Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Via Angullarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - S Cucchiara
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Stronati
- 3 Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Hoseinzadeh E, Taha P, Wei C, Godini H, Ashraf GM, Taghavi M, Miri M. The impact of air pollutants, UV exposure and geographic location on vitamin D deficiency. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:241-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zullow S, Jambaulikar G, Rustgi A, Quezada S, Cross RK. Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency and Impact of Repletion in a Tertiary Care Inflammatory Bowel Disease Population. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2072-8. [PMID: 28547646 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are vitamin D deficient. The purpose of our study was to identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in IBD and to assess the impact of vitamin D repletion on disease activity and quality of life (QOL). METHODS Patients with at least one 25-OH vitamin D level measured between 2004 and 2011 were included. Patients with a level <30 ng/ml at baseline were followed until the time of repletion. QOL and disease activity scores were measured at baseline and repletion. RESULTS A total of 255 patients were identified. 33, 29, and 39% had a vitamin D level of ≥30, 20-29, and <20 ng/ml, respectively. When adjusting for disease type and duration, gender, smoking, and race, non-Caucasians had 5.3 (2.3-12.3) and UC patients had a 0.59 (0.33-1.03) odds of having a vitamin D <30 ng/ml. Women were 1.7 times more likely to have a 25-OH vitamin D level <20 ng/ml than men. 55 patients underwent repletion. In CD patients, the HBI and SIBDQ prior to repletion was 5.5 ± 4.9 and 44.3 ± 16.4, respectively; these improved to 3.6 ± 3.4 and 48.6 ± 14.2 after repletion (p = 0.0154 and p = 0.0684). CONCLUSIONS In this tertiary care IBD cohort, the majority of patients have low vitamin D levels. Non-Caucasian race and female gender are associated with low vitamin D. UC was associated with lower risk of vitamin D insufficiency. In CD, vitamin D repletion is associated with decreased disease activity and increased QOL.
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