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Ude CC, Schmidt SJ, Laurencin S, Shah S, Esdaille J, Kan HM, Holt BD, Arnold AM, Wolf ME, Nair LS, Sydlik SA, Laurencin CT. Hyaluronic acid-British anti-Lewisite as a safer chelation therapy for the treatment of arthroplasty-related metallosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309156120. [PMID: 37903261 PMCID: PMC10636327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309156120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalt-containing alloys are useful for orthopedic applications due to their low volumetric wear rates, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. Unfortunately, these prosthetics release significant levels of cobalt ions, which was only discovered after their widespread implantation into patients requiring hip replacements. These cobalt ions can result in local toxic effects-including peri-implant toxicity, aseptic loosening, and pseudotumor-as well as systemic toxic effects-including neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. Failing metal-on-metal (MoM) implants usually necessitate painful, risky, and costly revision surgeries. To treat metallosis arising from failing MoM implants, a synovial fluid-mimicking chelator was designed to remove these metal ions. Hyaluronic acid (HA), the major chemical component of synovial fluid, was functionalized with British anti-Lewisite (BAL) to create a chelator (BAL-HA). BAL-HA effectively binds cobalt and rescues in vitro cell vitality (up to 370% of cells exposed to IC50 levels of cobalt) and enhances the rate of clearance of cobalt in vivo (t1/2 from 48 h to 6 h). A metallosis model was also created to investigate our therapy. Results demonstrate that BAL-HA chelator system is biocompatible and capable of capturing significant amounts of cobalt ions from the hip joint within 30 min, with no risk of kidney failure. This chelation therapy has the potential to mitigate cobalt toxicity from failing MoM implants through noninvasive injections into the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu C. Ude
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Stephen J. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Samuel Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Shiv Shah
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Jayson Esdaille
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Brian D. Holt
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Anne M. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Michelle E. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Stefanie A. Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT06030
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Schieber R, Mas-Moruno C, Lasserre F, Roa JJ, Ginebra MP, Mücklich F, Pegueroles M. Effectiveness of Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Peptide Immobilization on Endothelial Cell Migration for Cardio-Vascular Applications: An In Vitro Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12071217. [PMID: 35407334 PMCID: PMC9002369 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial coverage of an exposed cardiovascular stent surface leads to the occurrence of restenosis and late-stent thrombosis several months after implantation. To overcome this difficulty, modification of stent surfaces with topographical or biochemical features may be performed to increase endothelial cells’ (ECs) adhesion and/or migration. This work combines both strategies on cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy and studies the potential synergistic effect of linear patterned surfaces that are obtained by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP), coupled with the use of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) peptides. An extensive characterization of the modified surfaces was performed by using AFM, XPS, surface charge, electrochemical analysis and fluorescent methods. The biological response was studied in terms of EC adhesion, migration and proliferation assays. CoCr surfaces were successfully patterned with a periodicity of 10 µm and two different depths, D (≈79 and 762 nm). RGD and YIGSR were immobilized on the surfaces by CPTES silanization. Early EC adhesion was increased on the peptide-functionalized surfaces, especially for YIGSR compared to RGD. High-depth patterns generated 80% of ECs’ alignment within the topographical lines and enhanced EC migration. It is noteworthy that the combined use of the two strategies synergistically accelerated the ECs’ migration and proliferation, proving the potential of this strategy to enhance stent endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schieber
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (C.M.-M.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Chair of Functional Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (C.M.-M.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Federico Lasserre
- Chair of Functional Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Joan Josep Roa
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Structural Integrity, Micromechanics and Reliability of Materials Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (C.M.-M.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Mücklich
- Chair of Functional Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Marta Pegueroles
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (R.S.); (C.M.-M.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-054-154
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Chen J, Ding J, Wu Y, Zhang S, Zheng N, Yang J, Xu J. Chromium Oxide Nanoparticle Impaired Osteogenesis and Cellular Response to Mechanical Stimulus. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6157-6170. [PMID: 34511912 PMCID: PMC8423495 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s317430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Release of metallic wear particles from hip replacement implants is closely associated with aseptic loosening that affects the functionality and survivorship of the prostheses. Chromium oxide nanoparticles (CrNPs) are the dominant form of the wear particles found in the periprosthetic tissues. Whether CrNPs play a role in the clinically observed particle-induced osteolysis, tissue inflammatory reactions and functional activities of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unknown. Methods A tibia-defect rat model, cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry were applied to study the effect of CrNPs on MSCs survival and macrophage inflammatory response. Also, oscillatory fluid flow stimulation was used to analyse the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs while treated by CrNPs. In addition, the influence of CrNPs on MSC biomechanical properties was determined via atomic force microscope (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy. Results It was found that implantation of CrNPs significantly decreased bone formation in vivo. CrNPs had no obvious effects on inflammatory cytokines release of U937 macrophages. Additionally, CrNPs did not interfere with MSCs osteogenic differentiation under static culture. However, the upregulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs due to fluid flow stimulation was reduced by CrNPs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, osteogenic gene expression of OPN, Cox2 and Rnux2 after mechanical stimulation was also decreased by CrNPs treatments. Furthermore, cell elasticity and adhesion force of MSCs were affected by CrNPs over 3 days of exposure. We further verified that these effects of CrNPs could be associated with its interruption on cell mechanical properties. Conclusion The results demonstrated that CrNPs impaired cellular response to mechanical stimulus and osteogenesis without noticeable effects on the survival of the human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shuqiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Kovochich M, Monnot A, Kougias DG, More SL, Wilsey JT, Qiu Q, Perkins LE, Hasgall P, Taneja M, Reverdy EE, Sague J, Marcello S, Connor K, Scutti J, Christian WV, Coplan P, Katz LB, Vreeke M, Calistri-yeh M, Faiola B, Unice K, Eichenbaum G. Carcinogenic hazard assessment of cobalt-containing alloys in medical devices: Review of in vivo studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 122:104910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bijukumar D, Segu A, Chastain P 2nd, Mathew MT. Implant-derived CoCrMo alloy nanoparticle disrupts DNA replication dynamics in neuronal cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021. [PMID: 33415469 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) nanoparticles generated from the hip modular taper interfaces resulted in inconclusive outcomes on the level of toxicity in orthopedic patients. We used a hip simulator to generate physiologically relevant CoCrMo degradation products (DPs) to demonstrate the variation in the level of toxicity in neurons in comparison to processed degradation products (PDPs). The study outcomes indicate that DP induces a higher level of DNA damage in the form of double- and single-stranded DNA breaks and alkaline labile DNA adducts versus PDPs. The scientific advancements of this study are the following: (i) how DPs mimic more closely to the implant debris from hip implants in terms of bioactivity, (ii) how hip implant debris causes local and systemic issues, and (iii) methods to augment the biologic impact of implant debris. We discovered that DP is bioactive compared with PDP, and this should be considered in the toxicity evaluation related to implants. • The physicochemical characteristics of the CoCrMo is a major factor to consider for implant-related cytotoxicity or genotoxicity experimental design. • Elevated levels of intracellular ROS induced by the physiologically relevant wear particle are detrimental to the neuronal cells. • The DP can induce variation in DNA replication dynamics compared to PDP.
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Vaicelyte A, Janssen C, Le Borgne M, Grosgogeat B. Cobalt–Chromium Dental Alloys: Metal Exposures, Toxicological Risks, CMR Classification, and EU Regulatory Framework. Crystals 2020; 10:1151. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During the 20th century, metal alloys have assumed an important role as restorative materials. Among existing examples, cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloys increasingly began to be used in medicine and especially in dentistry. Their success is mainly due to their mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength and corrosion resistance, thus allowing a high biocompatibility. There are quite meaningful data on the corrosion and toxicity of Co–Cr alloys for their use in restorative materials such as dental prostheses. Toxicological studies following Co and Cr exposures in the oral cavity are more difficult to conduct because there are many different situations leading to the release of metal ions and wear particles. Furthermore, the links between exposure and the appearance of local or systemic toxicity are not automatic. Since 2017, the European Union (EU) regulatory framework for Co–Cr alloys has been undergoing profound changes. A new EU Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) (2017/745) will be applied in May 2021 with the need to consider that Co metal is a new carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic to reproduction (CMR) substance. On 18 February 2020, the 14th Adaptation to Technical Progress (ATP14) to the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation was published, including the harmonised classification for Co metal as a CMR 1B substance. In this context, the use of Co might be forbidden if the medical devices are invasive and as soon as they include more than 0.1% (m/m) Co. This review provides a specific overview on Co–Cr dental alloys in terms of metal ions and wear particles release, toxicological risks, and the actual and new EU regulatory framework.
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Laumonier T, Ruffieux E, Paccaud J, Kindler V, Hannouche D. In vitro evaluation of human myoblast function after exposure to cobalt and chromium ions. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1398-1406. [PMID: 31883135 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of a native hip joint by a metal-on-metal prosthesis may induce deleterious inflammatory side effects that are associated with the release of wear particles and metal ions. These events are referred to the adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) and the adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). While wear particles seem involved in ARMD, the role of metal ions in ALTR and their impact on myoblasts, located in the prosthesis vicinity, has not been fully identified. To clarify this issue we investigated, using an in vitro culture system, the effect of cobalt and/or chromium ions (Co2+ and/or Cr3+ ) on human myoblast proliferation, cellular differentiation, and inflammatory marker expression. Freshly isolated human myoblasts were cultured in media supplemented with graded concentrations of Co2+ and/or Cr3+ . Co2+ induced a concentration-dependent decrease of both myoblast viability and myogenic differentiation while Cr3+ did not. Co2+ or Co2+ /Cr3+ also induced the upregulation of ICAM-1, whereas HLA-DR expression was unaffected. Moreover, allogenic monocytes induced the synergistic increase of Co2+ -induced ICAM-1 expression. We also found that Co2+ stabilized HIF-1α and increased TLR4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression in a dose and time-dependent manner in human myoblasts. This study showed that Co2+ , but not Cr3+ , was toxic toward myoblasts and induced, in the surviving cells, expression of inflammatory markers such as ICAM-1, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β. This suggests that Co2+ , most efficiently in the presence of monocytes, may be a key inducer of ALTR, which may, if severe and long-lasting, eventually result in prosthesis loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laumonier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Ruffieux
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joris Paccaud
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Kindler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Leonetti S, Tuvo B, Campanella B, Legnaioli S, Onor M, Bramanti E, Totaro M, Baggiani A, Giorgi S, Privitera GP, Piolanti N, Parchi PD, Casini B. Evaluation of Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Nano-Structured and Nano-Coated Ortho-Prosthetic Materials by a Dynamic Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17031013. [PMID: 32033480 PMCID: PMC7036942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bio-engineering technologies of medical devices through nano-structuring and coating was recently proposed to improve biocompatibility and to reduce microbial adhesion in the prevention of implantable device-related infections. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of new nano-structured and coated materials to prevent the adhesion and biofilm formation, according to the American Standard Test Method ASTM-E2647-13. The materials composition was determined by X-ray Fluorescence and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Silver release was evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry analysis. The gene expression levels of the Quorum Sensing Las and Rhl system were evaluated by the ΔΔCt method. The Log bacterial density (Log CFU/cm2) on TiAl6V4 was 4.41 ± 0.76 and 4.63 ± 1.01 on TiAl6V4-AgNPs compared to 2.57 ± 0.70 on CoCr and 2.73 ± 0.61 on CoCr-AgNPs (P < 0.0001, A.N.O.V.A.- one way test). The silver release was found to be equal to 17.8 ± 0.2 µg/L after the batch phase and 1.3 ± 0.1 µg/L during continuous flow. The rhlR gene resulted in a 2.70-fold increased expression in biofilm growth on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating. In conclusion, CoCr showed a greater ability to reduce microbial adhesion, independently of the AgNPs coating. The silver release resulted in promoting the up-regulation of the Rhl system. Further investigation should be conducted to optimize the effectiveness of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Leonetti
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Benedetta Tuvo
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.); (M.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Legnaioli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.); (M.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.); (M.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.); (M.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Michele Totaro
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Baggiani
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Serena Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Nicola Piolanti
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Azienda ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, via Roma, 67-56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Domenico Parchi
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Azienda ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, via Roma, 67-56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 37/39-56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.L.); (B.T.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (G.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-3590
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Arnholt CM, White JB, Lowell JA, Perkins MR, Mihalko WM, Kurtz SM. Postmortem Retrieval Analysis of Metallosis and Periprosthetic Tissue Metal Concentrations in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:569-578. [PMID: 31699531 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to determine the preferred sampling location for tissue analysis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to evaluate metal concentrations, inflammatory cytokines, component damage, and tissue metallosis. METHODS Twenty TKA systems were collected at necropsy along with tissue samples from 5 distinct locations. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was performed to determine cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and titanium (Ti) concentrations. Synovial fluid cytokine analysis was preformed using a Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay. Femoral components were assesed for damage and tissues were visually scored for metallosis. RESULTS The median metal concentrations were 16 ppb for Co, 46 ppb for Cr, and 9.8 ppb for Ti. There was no association between the tissue collection site and the metal concentration for Co (P = .979), Cr (P = .712), or Ti (P = .854). Twelve of 20 of the necropsy-retrieved TKAs had metallosis, but there was no correlation between Co (P = .48), Cr (P = .89), or Ti (P = .60) concentration and metallosis. Increased Co was associated with decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (ρ = -0.56, P = .01) and interleukin 1 beta (ρ = -0.48, P = .03). Increased Cr was associated with decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (ρ= -0.47, P = .03), interleukin 6 (ρ= -0.43, P = .04), and macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (ρ= -0.47, P = .03). CONCLUSION We observed elevated Co, Cr, and Ti concentrations in tissue from necropsy-retrieved TKA. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that tissue metal concentrations were associated with inflammatory cytokines. The results of this research will be useful for the design of future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Arnholt
- Implant Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Julie A Lowell
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - William M Mihalko
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Campbell Clinic Orthopaedics, Memphis, TN
| | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Exponent Inc, Philadelphia, PA
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Paulus AC, Ebinger K, Cheng X, Haßelt S, Weber P, Kretzer JP, Bader R, Utzschneider S. Local Biological Reactions and Pseudotumor-Like Tissue Formation in relation to Metal Wear in a Murine In Vivo Model. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:3649838. [PMID: 31781613 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3649838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal wear debris and released ions (CoCrMo), which are widely generated in metal-on-metal bearings of hip implants, are also found in patients with metal-on-polyethylene bearings due to the mechanically assisted crevice corrosion of modular taper junctions, including head-neck and neck-stem taper interfaces. The resulting adverse reactions to metal debris and metal ions frequently lead to early arthroplasty revision surgery. National guidelines have since been published where the blood metal ion concentration of patients must consistently be monitored after joint replacement to prevent serious complications from developing after surgery. However, to date, the effect of metal particles and metal ions on local biological reactions is complex and still not understood in detail; the present study sought to elucidate the complex mechanism of metal wear-associated inflammation reactions. The knee joints in 4 groups each consisting of 10 female BALB/c mice received injections with cobalt chrome ions, cobalt chrome particles, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles or PBS (control). Seven days after injection, the synovial microcirculation and knee joint diameter were assessed via intravital fluorescence microscopy followed by histological evaluation of the synovial layer. Enlarged knee diameter, enhanced leukocyte to endothelial cell interactions, and an increase in functional capillary density within cobalt chrome particle-treated animals were significantly greater than those in the other treatment groups. Subsequently, pseudotumor-like tissue formations were observed only in the synovial tissue layer of the cobalt chrome particle-treated animals. Therefore, these findings strongly suggest that the cobalt chrome particles and not metal ions are the cause for in vivo postsurgery implantation inflammation.
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11
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Kovochich M, Finley BL, Novick R, Monnot AD, Donovan E, Unice KM, Fung ES, Fung D, Paustenbach DJ. Understanding outcomes and toxicological aspects of second generation metal-on-metal hip implants: a state-of-the-art review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 48:853-901. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1563048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Reichel D, Tripathi M, Perez JM. Biological Effects of Nanoparticles on Macrophage Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:66-88. [PMID: 30662824 PMCID: PMC6328304 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.30052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological interactions between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer cells and other cells within the tumor microenvironment contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. TAMs can remodel the tumor microenvironment to reduce growth barriers such as the dense extracellular matrix and shift tumors towards an immunosuppressive microenvironment that protects cancer cells from targeted immune responses. Nanoparticles can interrupt these biological interactions within tumors by altering TAM phenotypes through a process called polarization. Macrophage polarization within tumors can shift TAMs from a growth-promoting phenotype towards a cancer cell-killing phenotype that predicts treatment efficacy. Because many types of nanoparticles have been shown to preferentially accumulate within macrophages following systemic administration, there is considerable interest in identifying nanoparticle effects on TAM polarization, evaluating nanoparticle-induced TAM polarization effects on cancer treatment using drug-loaded nanoparticles and identifying beneficial types of nanoparticles for effective cancer treatment. In this review, the macrophage polarization effects of nanoparticles will be described based on their primary chemical composition. Because of their strong macrophage-polarizing and antitumor effects compared to other types of nanoparticles, the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on macrophages will be discussed in detail. By comparing the macrophage polarization effects of various nanoparticle treatments reported in the literature, this review aims to both elucidate nanoparticle material effects on macrophage polarization and to provide insight into engineering nanoparticles with more beneficial immunological responses for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Reichel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Manisha Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Current Address: Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - J. Manuel Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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13
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Rani Bijukumar D, Segu A, Mou Y, Ghodsi R, Shokufhar T, Barba M, Li XJ, Thoppil Mathew M. Differential toxicity of processed and non-processed states of CoCrMo degradation products generated from a hip simulator on neural cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:941-56. [PMID: 30251573 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1498929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physico-chemical characteristics of the CoCrMo degradation products have played an important role in cytotoxicity and clinical complications on the orthopedic patients who have metal implants. Previous studies have limited reflection on the physicochemical characteristics of the degradation products generated in vivo, which are very different from individual metal particles and/or ions obtained from different commercial sources. In this study, we aimed to understand the differences in toxicity induced by the degradation products in as-synthesized form as well as those obtained after post-processing. The degradation products were generated using a hip-simulator by maintaining physiological conditions closer to in vivo and separated into two batches, one with processing by washing and drying called processed degradation products (PDP) and another batch as 'as-synthesized' degradation product (DP). We studied the dose-dependent toxicity response by neural cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. The results of the study show that as-synthesized DPs are more toxic to neural cells even at lower concentrations studied with evident low TC50 (1-5 μg/ml) concentrations compared to PDP (25 μg/ml). Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant (p<.01) increase in uptake of the particles after 24 h and corresponding ROS production in DP-treated cells. RT-PCR analysis of oxidative specific gene expression showed, elevated mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase-1, nuclear transcription factor, superoxide dismutase-2 and glutaredoxin-2 in DP-treated cells after 6 h. The results of the study provided a clear evidence of the differential response of neural cells on the degradation products as a function of concentrations and their chemical nature.
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Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the genotoxic and carcinogenic activities of cobalt compounds. Emphasis is on the respiratory system, but endogenous exposure from Co-containing alloys used in endoprostheses, and limited data on nanomaterials and oral exposures are also considered. Two groups of cobalt compounds are differentiated on the basis of their mechanisms of toxicity: (1) those essentially involving the solubilization of Co(II) ions, and (2) metallic materials for which both surface corrosion and release of Co(II) ions act in concert. For both groups, identified genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms are non-stochastic and thus expected to exhibit a threshold. Cobalt compounds should, therefore, be considered as genotoxic carcinogens with a practical threshold. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic inhalation of cobalt compounds can induce respiratory tumors locally. No evidence of systemic carcinogenicity upon inhalation, oral or endogenous exposure is available. The scarce data available for Co-based nanosized materials does not allow deriving a specific mode of action or assessment for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S van den Brule
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van Maele-Fabry
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Lal S, Caseley EA, Hall RM, Tipper JL. Biological Impact of Silicon Nitride for Orthopaedic Applications: Role of Particle Size, Surface Composition and Donor Variation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9109. [PMID: 29904079 PMCID: PMC6002550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse biological impact of orthopaedic wear debris currently limits the long-term safety of human joint replacement devices. We investigated the role of particle size, surface composition and donor variation in influencing the biological impact of silicon nitride as a bioceramic for orthopaedic applications. Silicon nitride particles were compared to the other commonly used orthopaedic biomaterials (e.g. cobalt-chromium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys). A novel biological evaluation platform was developed to simultaneously evaluate cytotoxicity, inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity potential of particles using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from individual human donors. Irrespective of the particle size, silicon nitride did not cause any adverse responses whereas cobalt-chromium wear particles caused donor-dependent cytotoxicity, TNF-α cytokine release, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in PBMNCs after 24 h. Despite being similar in size and morphology, silicon dioxide nanoparticles caused the release of significantly higher levels of TNF-α compared to silicon nitride nanoparticles, suggesting that surface composition influences the inflammatory response in PBMNCs. Ti-6Al-4V wear particles also released significantly elevated levels of TNF-α cytokine in one of the donors. This study demonstrated that silicon nitride is an attractive orthopaedic biomaterial due to its minimal biological impact on human PBMNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Lal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Emily A Caseley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard M Hall
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanne L Tipper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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16
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Maver U, Xhanari K, Žižek M, Korte D, Gradišnik L, Franko M, Finšgar M. A combination of interdisciplinary analytical tools for evaluation of multi-layered coatings on medical grade stainless steel for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:230-246. [PMID: 29730258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this comprehensive study several analytical techniques were used in order to evaluate multi-layered biomedical surface coatings composed of a drug (diclofenac) and a polymer (chitosan). Such a thorough examination is of paramount importance in order to assure safety and prove efficiency of potential biomedical materials already at the in vitro level, hence leading to their potentially faster introduction to clinical trials. For the first time a novel technique based on thermal diffusivity and conductivity measurements (photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy - BDS) was employed in order to analyse in a non-destructive way the thickness of respective layers, together with their thermal diffusivity and conductivity. In addition to attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), BDS confirmed successive surface layers of the prepared coatings. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to examine structural information on the macro- and micro/nano-scale, respectively. Surface hydrophobicity was measured with the contact angle analysis, which clearly showed differences in hydrophobicity between coated and non-coated samples. Considering the targeted application of the prepared coatings (as implant in orthopaedic treatments), the in vitro drug release was analysed spectrophotometrically to examine the coatings potential for a controlled drug release. Furthermore, the material was also tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic polarisation techniques, which were able to detect even minor differences between the performance of the coated and non-coated materials. As the final test, the biocompatibility of the coatings with human osteoblasts was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", AL-1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Marko Žižek
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dorota Korte
- University of Nova Gorica, The Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, Vipavska 13, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mladen Franko
- University of Nova Gorica, The Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, Vipavska 13, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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17
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Xu J, Yang J, Nyga A, Ehteramyan M, Moraga A, Wu Y, Zeng L, Knight MM, Shelton JC. Cobalt (II) ions and nanoparticles induce macrophage retention by ROS-mediated down-regulation of RhoA expression. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:434-446. [PMID: 29649639 PMCID: PMC5953279 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histological assessments of synovial tissues from patients with failed CoCr alloy hip prostheses demonstrate extensive infiltration and accumulation of macrophages, often loaded with large quantities of particulate debris. The resulting adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) frequently leads to early joint revision. Inflammatory response starts with the recruitment of immune cells and requires the egress of macrophages from the inflamed site for resolution of the reaction. Metal ions (Co2+ and Cr3+) have been shown to stimulate the migration of T lymphocytes but their effects on macrophages motility are still poorly understood. To elucidate this, we studied in vitro and in vivo macrophage migration during exposure to cobalt and chromium ions and nanoparticles. We found that cobalt but not chromium significantly reduces macrophage motility. This involves increase in cell spreading, formation of intracellular podosome-type adhesion structures and enhanced cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The formation of podosomes was also associated with the production and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and enhanced ECM degradation. We showed that these were driven by the down-regulation of RhoA signalling through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These novel findings reveal the key mechanisms driving the wear/corrosion metallic byproducts-induced inflammatory response at non-toxic concentrations. Statement of significance Adverse tissue responses to metal wear and corrosion products from CoCr alloy implants remain a great challenge to surgeons and patients. Macrophages are the key regulators of these adverse responses to the ions and debris generated. We demonstrated that cobalt, rather than chromium, causes macrophage retention by restructuring the cytoskeleton and inhibiting cell migration via ROS production that affects Rho Family GTPase. This distinctive effect of cobalt on macrophage behaviour can help us understand the pathogenesis of ARMD and the cellular response to cobalt based alloys, which provide useful information for future implant design and biocompatibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Agata Nyga
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mazdak Ehteramyan
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Moraga
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin M Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Julia C Shelton
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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18
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Bijukumar DR, Segu A, Souza JCM, Li X, Barba M, Mercuri LG, J Jacobs J, Mathew MT. Systemic and local toxicity of metal debris released from hip prostheses: A review of experimental approaches. Nanomedicine 2018; 14:951-963. [PMID: 29339190 PMCID: PMC6017990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the technological improvements in orthopedic joint replacement implants, wear and corrosion products associated with the metal components of these implants may result in adverse local tissue and perhaps systemic reactions and toxicities. The current review encompasses a literature review of the local and systemic toxicity studies concerning the effect of CoCrMo wear debris released from wear and corrosion of orthopedic implants and prostheses. Release of metallic debris is mainly in the form of micro- and nano-particles, ions of different valences, and oxides composed of Co and Cr. Though these substances alter human biology, their direct effects of these substances on specific tissue types remain poorly understood. This may partially be the consequence of the multivariate research methodologies employed, leading to inconsistent reports. This review proposes the importance of developing new and more appropriate in-vitro methodologies to study the cellular responses and toxicity mediated by joint replacement wear debris in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rani Bijukumar
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Abhijith Segu
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - XueJun Li
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Mark Barba
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA; OrthoIllinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Louis G Mercuri
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew Thoppil Mathew
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Fung ES, Unice KM, Paustenbach DJ, Finley BL, Kovochich M. Methods for Sterilizing Clinically Relevant Wear Particles Isolated from Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2384. [PMID: 29402892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered or incidental particles may contain endotoxin from contaminated environments associated with generation, production, or handling activities. Endotoxins are ubiquitous contaminants that may yield false positive responses in immunological assays if present. The purpose of this study was to develop a sterilization method for removal of endotoxin from clinically relevant wear particles isolated from metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implant lubricant. In this case, the goal of particle sterilization was to sufficiently reduce endotoxin levels to acceptable levels for sensitive biological assays while retaining the physical and chemical characteristics of the original particles. Optimization of treatment with 0.05 NaOH in 50% ethanol successfully achieved a 5-log (>99.999%) reduction of endotoxin content while retaining the size and chemistry of MoM hip implant wear particles. Using the optimized method, the concentration of endotoxin was reduced from 161,000 to 1.19 EU/mL. As particle types can vary, sterilization strategies will also differ to optimize endotoxin removal while retaining key particle characteristics. To our knowledge, this study represents the first published sterilization method for clinically relevant MoM hip implant wear particles isolated from serum-rich lubricant.
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20
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Cools B, Brown S, Wevers M, Humbeeck JV, Boshoff D, Verdonckt C, Gewillig M. Right ventricle outflow tract prestenting: In vitro testing of rigidity and corrosion properties. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91:285-291. [PMID: 28895283 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the resistance to compression (stiffness) of frequently used stents for right ventricular outflow tract prestenting. In addition, to assess the corrosion potential when different types of stent alloys come into contact with each other. METHOD Different stents were tested in vitro in various combinations at specialized metallurgic laboratories. A bench compression test was used to assess resistance to compression of singular and joined combinations of stents. Corrosion was evaluated by standardized electrochemical galvanic tests in physiological solutions at 37°C. Single stents and combinations of stents were evaluated over a period of 4-12 weeks. RESULTS Relative stiffness of the stents Optimus/Andrastent XXL/Intrastent LD Max/8zig Cheatham-Platinum, expressed as load per length to deform the stent for 1 mm at 22 mm was 100/104/161/190. Adding additional stents to a single stent significantly strengthened the joined couples (P < 0.001). The lowest galvanic corrosion rates (about 0.000001 mm/year) were observed for the joined CP-Andrastent, Andra-Sapien, and Andra-SapienXT. The corrosion rate for coupled CP-Sapien and CP-SapienXT was somewhat higher (about 0.000003 mm/year). The materials with the highest corrosion rates resulted in material losses of, respectively, 17 and 24 µg/year, which is negligible over a lifetime. CONCLUSION Adding stents to a single stent significantly increases stiffness which will reduce the risk of metal fatigue failure. Corrosion of individual stents or stent combinations occurs, but is negligible over a human lifetime with low risk of biological effects. No mechanical integrity problems are thus expected as there is only 0.3% of the initial diameter of the struts of a stent that will be lost as a consequence of corrosion after 100 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Cools
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Brown
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Pediatric Cardiology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Martine Wevers
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Derize Boshoff
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cis Verdonckt
- Corrosion Engineering, Metalogic, Rotselaar, Belgium
| | - Marc Gewillig
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Metals and metal alloys are the most used materials in orthopedic implants. The focus is on total hip arthroplasty (THA) that, though well tolerated, may be associated with local and remote adverse effects in the medium-long term. This review aims to summarize data on the biological consequences of the metal implant degradation that have been attributed predominantly to metal-on-metal (MoM) THA. Local responses to metals consist of a broad clinical spectrum ranging from small asymptomatic tissue lesions to severe destruction of bone and soft tissues, which are designated as metallosis, adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD), aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis associated lesion (ALVAL), and pseudotumors. In addition, the dissemination of metal particles and ions throughout the body has been associated with systemic adverse effects, including organ toxicity, cancerogenesis, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity. As proved by the multitude of studies in this field, metal degradation may increase safety issues associated with THA, especially with MoM hip systems. Data collection regarding local, systemic and long-term effects plays an essential role to better define any safety risks and to generate scientifically based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Granchi
- a Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit , Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Savarino
- a Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit , Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- a Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit , Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- a Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit , Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute , Bologna , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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22
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Jonitz-Heincke A, Tillmann J, Klinder A, Krueger S, Kretzer JP, Høl PJ, Paulus AC, Bader R. The Impact of Metal Ion Exposure on the Cellular Behavior of Human Osteoblasts and PBMCs: In Vitro Analyses of Osteolytic Processes. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10070734. [PMID: 28773099 PMCID: PMC5551777 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteolysis in the periprosthetic tissue can be caused by metallic wear particles and ions that can originate from implant surface corrosion. These products influence cellular behavior and stimulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of CoCr29Mo6 ions on cell survival, differentiation, and cytokine expression in human osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thus, we exposed cells with a mixture of 200 µg/L ion solution and determined cell viability and apoptosis/necrosis. Gene expression analyses of osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation markers as well as pro-osteolytic mediators (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP1, TIMP1) were performed. These markers were also investigated in mixed cultures of adherent and non-adherent PBMCs as well as in co-cultures of human osteoblasts and PBMCs. The ion solution induced necrosis in osteoblasts and PBMCs in single cultures. All examined mediators were highly expressed in the co-culture of osteoblasts and PBMCs whereas in the single cell cultures only IL-6, IL-8, and MMP1 were found to be stimulated. While the applied concentration of the CoCr29Mo6 ion solutions had only marginal effects on human osteoblasts and PBMCs alone, the co-culture may provide a comprehensive model to study osteolytic processes in response to Co and Cr ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jenny Tillmann
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Annett Klinder
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Simone Krueger
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paul Johan Høl
- Department of Orthopaedic Clinic, Biomatlab, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Alexander C Paulus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Munich (Campus Grosshadern), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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23
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Kovochich M, Fung ES, Donovan E, Unice KM, Paustenbach DJ, Finley BL. Characterization of wear debris from metal-on-metal hip implants during normal wear versus edge-loading conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:986-996. [PMID: 28480531 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advantages of second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants include low volumetric wear rates and the release of nanosized wear particles that are chemically inert and readily cleared from local tissue. In some patients, edge loading conditions occur, which result in higher volumetric wear. The objective of this study was to characterize the size, morphology, and chemistry of wear particles released from MoM hip implants during normal (40° angle) and edge-loading (65° angle with microseparation) conditions. The mean primary particle size by volume under normal wear was 35 nm (range: 9-152 nm) compared with 95 nm (range: 6-573 nm) under edge-loading conditions. Hydrodynamic diameter analysis by volume showed that particles from normal wear were in the nano- (<100 nm) to submicron (<1000 nm) size range, whereas edge-loading conditions generated particles that ranged from <100 nm up to 3000-6000 nm in size. Particles isolated from normal wear were primarily chromium (98.5%) and round to oval in shape. Edge-loading conditions generated more elongated particles (4.5%) (aspect ratio ≥ 2.5) and more CoCr alloy particles (9.3%) compared with normal wear conditions (1.3% CoCr particles). By total mass, edge-loading particles contained approximately 640-fold more cobalt than normal wear particles. Our findings suggest that high wear conditions are a potential risk factor for adverse local tissue effects in MoM patients who experience edge loading. This study is the first to characterize both the physical and chemical characteristics of MoM wear particles collected under normal and edge-loading conditions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 986-996, 2018.
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Tvermoes BE, Unice KM, Winans B, Kovochich M, Christian WV, Donovan E, Fung ES, Finley BL, Kimber I, Paustenbach DJ. A preliminary evaluation of immune stimulation following exposure to metal particles and ions using the mouse popliteal lymph node assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 308:77-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Abstract
The technological and clinical need for orthopedic replacement materials has led to significant advances in the field of nanomedicine, which embraces the breadth of nanotechnology from pharmacological agents and surface modification through to regulation and toxicology. A variety of nanostructures with unique chemical, physical, and biological properties have been engineered to improve the functionality and reliability of implantable medical devices. However, mimicking living bone tissue is still a challenge. The scope of this review is to highlight the most recent accomplishments and trends in designing nanomaterials and their applications in orthopedics with an outline on future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mazaheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Eslahi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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