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Xu M, Ni Y, Tu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jiao Y, Zhang X. A SCYL2 gene from Oryza sativa is involved in phytosterol accumulation and regulates plant growth and salt stress. Plant Sci 2024; 343:112062. [PMID: 38461862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice is a crucial food for humans due to its high nutritional value. Phytosterols, essential components of the plant membrane lipid bilayer, play a vital role in plant growth and contribute significantly to lipid-lowering, antitumor, and immunomodulation processes. In this study, SCY1-like protein kinases 2 (SCYL2) was found to be closely related to the accumulation of phytosterols. The levels of campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol significantly increased in transgenic rice seeds, husks, and leaves, whereas there was a considerable reduction in scyl2 plants. Subsequent investigations revealed the crucial role of SCYL2 in plant development. Mutations in this gene led to stunted plant growth while overexpressing OsSCYL2 in Arabidopsis and rice resulted in larger leaves, taller plants, and accelerated development. When subjected to salt stress, Arabidopsis plants overexpressed OsSCYL2 showed significantly higher germination rates than wild-type plants. Similarly, transgenic rice seedlings displayed better growth than both ZH11 and mutant plants, exhibiting lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Conversely, scyl2 plants exhibited more yellow leaves or even death. These findings suggested that OsSCYL2 proteins might be involved in phytosterols synthesis and play an important role during plant growth and development. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing functional rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yaling Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuhuan Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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2
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Nokhsorov VV, Protopopov FF, Sleptsov IV, Petrova LV, Petrov KA. Metabolomic Profile and Functional State of Oat Plants ( Avena sativa L.) Sown under Low-Temperature Conditions in the Cryolithozone. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1076. [PMID: 38674485 PMCID: PMC11054449 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Oats are one of the most useful and widespread cereal crops in the world. In permafrost conditions (Central Yakutia), based on metabolic changes in late summer-sown oat plants (Avena sativa L.), the key processes involved in the cold acclimation of a valuable cereal species were identified. During the onset of low ambient temperatures, metabolites from leaf samples were profiled using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 41 metabolites were identified in oat leaves. It was found that acclimation to suboptimal temperatures during the fall period leads to biochemical (accumulation of mono- and disaccharides and decrease in fatty acids and polyols) as well as physiological and biophysical changes (decrease in leaf PRI reflectance indices and chlorophyll a fluorescence). Therefore, the study contributes to a more holistic understanding of oat metabolism under low-temperature cryolithozone stress. It is believed that the analysis of changes in leaf reflection properties and JIP-test parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence using leaf metabolomic profiling can be used in the selection of valuable varieties of cereal crops to obtain plant fodders with high nutrient contents under conditions of a sharply continental climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V. Nokhsorov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 41 Lenina Av., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (I.V.S.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Fedor F. Protopopov
- Radiation Technology Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Technology, North-Eastern Federal University, 48 Kulakovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Sleptsov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 41 Lenina Av., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (I.V.S.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Lidia V. Petrova
- M.G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 23/1 Bestuzhev-Marlinskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Klim A. Petrov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 41 Lenina Av., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (I.V.S.); (K.A.P.)
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3
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Xu M, Zhang M, Tu Y, Zhang X. Overexpression of the OsFes1A increased the phytosterols content and enhanced drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Planta 2024; 259:63. [PMID: 38319323 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of the rice gene, OsFes1A, increased phytosterol content and drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Phytosterols are key components of the phospholipid bilayer membrane and regulate various processes of plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of OsFes1A (Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Fes1) increased phytosterols content and enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stress in Arabidopsis. In transgenic plants, the average content of campesterol was 17.6% higher than that of WT, and the average content of β-sitosterol reached 923.75 μg/g, with an increase of 1.33-fold. In fes1a seeds, the contents of campesterol and β-sitosterol reduced by 20% and 10.93%, respectively. In OsFes1A transgenic seeds, the contents of campesterol and β-sitosterol increased by 1.38-fold and 1.25-fold respectively. Furthermore, the germination rate of transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT under stress (salt, ABA, and drought treatment). Under salt stress, transgenic plants accumulated a lower MDA content, higher chlorophyll content, and POD activity relative to the wild type, while the mutants showed the opposite pattern Our study found multiple other functions of OsFes1A beyond the defined role of Fes1 in regulating Hsp70, contributing to the better understanding of the essential roles of Fes1 in plants. Meanwhile, it provides the theoretical basis for developing high phytosterol crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yaling Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Zhou H, Zhang J, Bai L, Liu J, Li H, Hua J, Luo S. Chemical Structure Diversity and Extensive Biological Functions of Specialized Metabolites in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17053. [PMID: 38069376 PMCID: PMC10707428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is thought to have been domesticated many times independently in China and India, and many modern cultivars are available. All rice tissues are rich in specialized metabolites (SPMs). To date, a total of 181 terpenoids, 199 phenolics, 41 alkaloids, and 26 other types of compounds have been detected in rice. Some volatile sesquiterpenoids released by rice are known to attract the natural enemies of rice herbivores, and play an indirect role in defense. Momilactone, phytocassane, and oryzalic acid are the most common diterpenoids found in rice, and are found at all growth stages. Indolamides, including serotonin, tryptamine, and N-benzoylserotonin, are the main rice alkaloids. The SPMs mainly exhibit defense functions with direct roles in resisting herbivory and pathogenic infections. In addition, phenolics are also important in indirect defense, and enhance wax deposition in leaves and promote the lignification of stems. Meanwhile, rice SPMs also have allelopathic effects and are crucial in the regulation of the relationships between different plants or between plants and microorganisms. In this study, we reviewed the various structures and functions of rice SPMs. This paper will provide useful information and methodological resources to inform the improvement of rice resistance and the promotion of the rice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Hua
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
| | - Shihong Luo
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
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Hu H, Jia Y, Hao Z, Ma G, Xie Y, Wang C, Ma D. Lipidomics-based insights into the physiological mechanism of wheat in response to heat stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 205:108190. [PMID: 37988880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the main components of plant cell biofilms and play a crucial role in plant growth, Understanding the modulation in lipid profiles under heat stress can contribute to understanding the heat tolerance mechanisms in wheat leaves. In the current study, two wheat cultivars with different heat tolerance levels were treated with optimum temperature (OT) and high temperature (HT) at the flowering stage, and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves and the grain yield were determined. Further, lipidomics was studied to determine the changes in lipid composition in the leaves. The heat-tolerant cultivar ZM7698 exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents. High-temperature stress led to the remodeling of lipid profile in the two cultivars. The relative proportion of digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) components increased in the heat-tolerant cultivar under high-temperature stress, while it was decreased in the heat-sensitive cultivar. The lipid unsaturation levels of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG), and phosphatidic acid (PA) decreased significantly in the heat-tolerant cultivar under high-temperature stress. The increase in unsaturation of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the heat-tolerant cultivar under high-temperature stress was lower than in the heat-sensitive cultivar. In addition, a high sitosterol/stigmasterol (SiE/StE) ratio was observed in heat-tolerant cultivar under high-temperature stress. Taken together, these results revealed that a heat-tolerant cultivar could enhance its ability to resist heat stress by modulating the composition and ratio of the lipid components and decreasing lipid unsaturation levels in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Hu
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuku Jia
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zirui Hao
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Geng Ma
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Dongyun Ma
- National Wheat Technology Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Changan SS, Kumar V, Tyagi A. Expression pattern of candidate genes and their correlation with various metabolites of abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway under drought stress in rice. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e14102. [PMID: 38148246 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought hampers global rice production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays versatile roles under different environmental stresses. While the link between drought and ABA is known, its effect on ABA biosynthesis genes and metabolites is unclear. This study explored the impact of drought on various metabolites, namely beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, and candidate genes viz. zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) of ABA biosynthesis pathway in rice cultivars (N22 and IR64) at anthesis {65 DAT (Days after transplanting)} with different stress levels. In stressed plants, zeaxanthin significantly increased (92%), while the concentration of beta-carotene, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin decreased as drought stress progressed. The concentration of metabolites in roots was notably lower than in leaves in both genotypes. The ZEP expression was upregulated in roots (8.24-fold) under drought stress. Among five NCED isoforms, NCED3 showed significant upregulation (7.29-fold) in leaf and root tissue. NCED1 was significantly downregulated as stress progressed and was negatively correlated with ABA accumulation. NCED2, NCED4 and NCED5 showed no significant change in their expression. Drying and rolling of rice leaves was observed after imparting drought stress. The findings revealed that drought stress significantly influenced the expression of candidate genes and the concentration of metabolites of the ABA biosynthesis pathway. There was a significantly higher accumulation of ABA in N22 leaves (47%) and roots (30%) compared to IR64. The N22, a drought-tolerant genotype, exhibited significantly higher concentrations of intermediates and demonstrated increased expression of ZEP and NCED3, potentially contributing to its resilience against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil S Changan
- School of Drought Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Evtyugin DD, Evtuguin DV, Casal S, Domingues MR. Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6526. [PMID: 37764302 PMCID: PMC10535520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) are cholesterol-like terpenoids widely spread in the kingdom Plantae. Being the target of extensive research for more than a century, PS have topped with evidence of having beneficial effects in healthy subjects and applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, many gaps in several fields of PS's research still hinder their widespread practical applications. In fact, many of the mechanisms associated with PS supplementation and their health benefits are still not fully elucidated. Furthermore, compared to cholesterol data, many complex PS chemical structures still need to be fully characterized, especially in oxidized PS. On the other hand, PS molecules have also been the focus of structural modifications for applications in diverse areas, including not only the above-mentioned but also in e.g., drug delivery systems or alternative matrixes for functional foods and fats. All the identified drawbacks are also superimposed by the need of new PS sources and technologies for their isolation and purification, taking into account increased environmental and sustainability concerns. Accordingly, current and future trends in PS research warrant discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Evtyugin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ozolina NV, Kapustina IS, Gurina VV, Spiridonova EV, Nurminsky VN. Comparison of the functions of plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane lipids in plant cell protection against hyperosmotic stress. Planta 2023; 258:39. [PMID: 37410253 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The comparison of the changes of the lipid content in plant cell boundary membranes demonstrates a substantial role of the vacuolar membrane in response to hyperosmotic stress. Comparison of variations in the lipid content of plant cell boundary membranes (vacuolar and plasma membranes) isolated from beet root tissues (Beta vulgaris L.) was conducted after the effect of hyperosmotic stress. Both types of membranes participate in the formation of protective mechanisms, but the role of the vacuolar membrane was considered as more essential. This conclusion was connected with more significant adaptive variations in the content and composition of sterols and fatty acids in the vacuolar membrane (although some of the adaptive variations, especially, in the composition of phospholipids and glycoglycerolipids were similar for both types of membranes). In the plasma membrane under hyperosmotic stress, the increase in the content of sphingolipids was noted that was not observed in the tonoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontov St. 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - Irina S Kapustina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontov St. 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Veronika V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontov St. 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Spiridonova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontov St. 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontov St. 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Zhang F, Kong C, Ma Z, Chen W, Li Y, Lou H, Wu J. Molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation analysis of the Torreya grandis squalene synthase gene involved in sitosterol biosynthesis and drought response. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1136643. [PMID: 37409301 PMCID: PMC10318344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The kernel of Torreya grandis cv. 'Merrillii' (Cephalotaxaceae) is a rare nut with a variety of bioactive compounds and a high economic value. β-sitosterol is not only the most abundant plant sterol but also has various biological effects, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. In this study, a squalene synthase gene from T. grandis, TgSQS, was identified and functionally characterized. TgSQS encodes a deduced protein of 410 amino acids. Prokaryotic expression of the TgSQS protein could catalyze farnesyl diphosphate to produce squalene. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TgSQS showed a significant increase in the content of both squalene and β-sitosterol; moreover, their drought tolerance was also stronger than that of the wild type. Transcriptome data from T. grandis seedlings showed that the expression levels of sterol biosynthesis pathway-related genes, such as HMGS, HMGR, MK, DXS, IPPI, FPPS, SQS, and DWF1, increased significantly after drought treatment. We also demonstrated that TgWRKY3 directly bound to the TgSQS promoter region and regulated its expression through a yeast one-hybrid experiment and a dual luciferase experiment. Together, these findings demonstrate that TgSQS has a positive role in β-sitosterol biosynthesis and in protecting against drought stress, emphasizing its importance as a metabolic engineering tool for the simultaneous improvement of β-sitosterol biosynthesis and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Heqiang Lou
- *Correspondence: Heqiang Lou, ; Jiasheng Wu,
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- *Correspondence: Heqiang Lou, ; Jiasheng Wu,
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Li Z, Wang H, Feng L, Li H, Li Y, Tian G, Niu P, Yang Y, Peng L. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Metabolic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Stellaria Radix ( Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:775. [PMID: 36840123 PMCID: PMC9959334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stellaria Radix, called Yinchaihu in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is obtained from the dried roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. Cultivated yinchaihu (YCH) has become a main source of production to alleviate the shortage of wild plant resources, but it is not clear whether the metabolites of YCH change with the mode of production. In this study, the contents of methanol extracts, total sterols and total flavonoids in wild and cultivated YCH are compared. The metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The content of methanol extracts of the wild and cultivated YCH all exceeded the standard content of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the contents of total sterols and total flavonoids in the wild YCH were significantly higher than those in the cultivated YCH. In total, 1586 metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry, and 97 were significantly different between the wild and cultivated sources, including β-sitosterol, quercetin derivatives as well as many newly discovered potential active components, such as trigonelline, arctiin and loganic acid. The results confirm that there is a rich diversity of metabolites in the wild and cultivated YCH, and provide a useful theoretical guidance for the evaluation of quality in the production of YCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Haishan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Gege Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Pilian Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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11
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Sim JE, Oh SD, Kang K, Shin YM, Yun DW, Baek SH, Choi YE, Park SU, Kim JK. Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:758. [PMID: 36840106 PMCID: PMC9967978 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Event DS rice producing protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been previously developed by inserting Panax ginseng dammarenediol-II synthase gene (PgDDS) and PPD synthase gene (CYP716A47). We performed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics of the DS rice to identify metabolic alterations as the effects of genetic engineering by measuring the contents of 65 metabolites in seeds and 63 metabolites in leaves. Multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance between DS and non-genetically modified (GM) rice showed that DS rice accumulated fewer tocotrienols, tocopherols, and phytosterols than non-GM rice. These results may be due to competition for the same precursors because PPDs in DS rice are synthesized from the same precursors as those of phytosterols. In addition, multivariate analysis of metabolic data from rice leaves revealed that composition differed by growth stage rather than genetic modifications. Our results demonstrate the potential of metabolomics for identifying metabolic alterations in response to genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Sim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dug Oh
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kang
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Shin
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh-Won Yun
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, 255, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eui Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Un Park
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bi Y, Guo P, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang W. Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1188461. [PMID: 37180050 PMCID: PMC10174431 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterols constitute vital structural and regulatory components of eukaryotic cells. In the oleaginous microorganism Schizochytrium sp. S31, the sterol biosynthetic pathway primarily produces cholesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, and cycloartenol. However, the sterol biosynthesis pathway and its functional roles in Schizochytrium remain unidentified. Through Schizochytrium genomic data mining and a chemical biology approach, we first in silico elucidated the mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathways of Schizochytrium. The results showed that owing to the lack of plastids in Schizochytrium, it is likely to use the mevalonate pathway as the terpenoid backbone pathway to supply isopentenyl diphosphate for the synthesis of sterols, similar to that in fungi and animals. In addition, our analysis revealed a chimeric organization of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway, which possesses features of both algae and animal pathways. Temporal tracking of sterol profiles reveals that sterols play important roles in Schizochytrium growth, carotenoid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the dynamics of fatty acid and transcription levels of genes involved in fatty acid upon chemical inhibitor-induced sterol inhibition reveal possible co-regulation of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, as the inhibition of sterol synthesis could promote the accumulation of fatty acid in Schizochytrium. Sterol and carotenoid metabolisms are also found possibly co-regulated, as the inhibition of sterols led to decreased carotenoid synthesis through down-regulating the gene HMGR and crtIBY in Schizochytrium. Together, elucidation of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid synthesis lay the essential foundation for engineering Schizochytrium for the sustainable production of lipids and high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Bi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangsen Liu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwen Zhang,
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Janeeshma E, Puthur JT. Physiological and metabolic dynamism in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Oryza sativa (var. Varsha) subjected to Zn and Cd toxicity: a comparative study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3668-3687. [PMID: 35953749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arable lands getting contaminated with heavy metals have a very high negative impact on crop plants. The establishment of the mycorrhizal association with crop plants is a sustainable strategy to overcome metal toxicity. The major aim of this study was to analyze mycorrhizae-mediated alterations on the physiology and metabolism of Oryza sativa, as well as the impact of these alterations in the metal tolerance potential of the host on exposure to cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) stresses. For this, 45 d old O. sativa (var. Varsha) plants inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum were exposed to 1.95 g Zn kg-1 soil and 0.45 g Cd kg-1 soil. Mycorrhization significantly increased shoot weight, root weight, moisture content, and chlorophyll biosynthesis under Cd and Zn stresses. Mycorrhization mitigated the oxidative stress elicited in O. sativa by the elevated Cd and Zn content, and it aided in maintaining the metabolite's level and rate of photosynthesis as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The circular-shaped unique structures seen as opening on the leaf surface of non-mycorrhizal plants under Zn stress, possibly for the emission of volatile compounds synthesized as a result of Zn stress, have a great chance of leaf tissue destruction. This structural modification was characterized in the case of Zn stress and not in Cd stress and can lead to the reduction of photosynthesis in O. sativa exposed to Zn stress. The reduction in oxidative stress could be correlated to the reduced uptake and transport of Cd and Zn ions in mycorrhizal plants. The exudation of tributyl acetyl citrate, 3-beta-acetoxystigmasta-4,6,22-triene, and linoleic acid from the mycorrhizal roots of rice plants has a crucial role in the stabilization of metal ions. This study proposes mycorrhization as a strategy to strengthen the Cd and Zn stress tolerance level of rice plants by regulating the physiology and metabolomics of the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edappayil Janeeshma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Kerala, 676552, Valanchery, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India.
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14
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Maheshwari C, Garg NK, Hasan M, V P, Meena NL, Singh A, Tyagi A. Insight of PBZ mediated drought amelioration in crop plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1008993. [PMID: 36523622 PMCID: PMC9745151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a significant environmental limitation to plant productivity as drought-induced crop output losses are likely to outnumber losses from all other factors. In this context, triazole compounds have recently been discovered to act as plant growth regulators and multi-stress protectants such as heat, chilling, drought, waterlogging, heavy metals, etc. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-trizol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol)] disrupts the isoprenoid pathway by blocking ent-kaurene synthesis, affecting gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormone levels. PBZ affects the level of ethylene and cytokinin by interfering with their biosynthesis pathways. Through a variety of physiological responses, PBZ improves plant survival under drought. Some of the documented responses include a decrease in transpiration rate (due to reduced leaf area), higher diffusive resistance, relieving reduction in water potential, greater relative water content, less water use, and increased antioxidant activity. We examined and discussed current findings as well as the prospective application of PBZ in regulating crop growth and ameliorating abiotic stresses in this review. Furthermore, the influence of PBZ on numerous biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes is thoroughly investigated, resulting in increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agro Produce Processing Department, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Prathap V
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nand Lal Meena
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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15
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Sun W, Shi J, Hong J, Zhao G, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhang W, Shi J. Natural variation and underlying genetic loci of γ-oryzanol in Asian cultivated rice seeds. Plant Genome 2022; 15:e20201. [PMID: 35762101 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
γ-oryzanol is the most studied component in rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran oil. It is not only associated with physiological processes of rice growth and development but also grain quality that is related to human health. Previous studies focused mainly on γ-oryzanol composition and content in various rice cultivars, while its biosynthetic and regulatory pathways remain unknown. Here we present the quantitative identification of γ-oryzanol in rice seeds across 179 Asian cultivated accessions using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS), which revealed a significant natural variation in γ-oryzanol content among these tested rice accessions. In addition, we present, for the first time, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on rice seed γ-oryzanol, which identified 187 GWAS signal hot spots and 13 candidate genes that are associated with variable γ-oryzanol content and provided the top 10 rice haplotypes with high γ-oryzanol content for breeding. Collectively, our study provides valuable germplasms for breeding rice cultivars rich in γ-oryzanol and genetic resources for elucidating genetic and biochemical bases of variable γ-oryzanol in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal Univ., Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, 200240, China
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16
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Du Y, Fu X, Chu Y, Wu P, Liu Y, Ma L, Tian H, Zhu B. Biosynthesis and the Roles of Plant Sterols in Development and Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042332. [PMID: 35216448 PMCID: PMC8875669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols are important components of the cell membrane and lipid rafts, which play a crucial role in various physiological and biochemical processes during development and stress resistance in plants. In recent years, many studies in higher plants have been reported in the biosynthesis pathway of plant sterols, whereas the knowledge about the regulation and accumulation of sterols is not well understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings in the field of plant sterols, including their biosynthesis, regulation, functions, as well as the mechanism involved in abiotic stress responses. These studies provide better knowledge on the synthesis and regulation of sterols, and the review also aimed to provide new insights for the global role of sterols, which is liable to benefit future research on the development and abiotic stress tolerance in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Du
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Xizhe Fu
- The College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China;
| | - Yiyang Chu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Peiwen Wu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Ye Liu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Lili Ma
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Huiqin Tian
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (L.M.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Creydt M, Lautner S, Fromm J, Fischer M. Wood profiling by non-targeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry: Part 2, Detection of the geographical origin of spruce wood (Picea abies) by determination of metabolite pattern. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462737. [PMID: 34968956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-targeted metabolomics-based approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to authenticate spruce wood (Picea abies) from two geographic source areas. The two sample sites were located in Germany and only 250 km apart. In order to achieve the highest possible metabolite coverage, the spruces samples were measured with four different methods using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this way, a total of approximately 4,100 features were detected, which included non-polar, polar, and intermediate-polar metabolites. Using supervised multivariate methods, a distinction between the two sample groups could be achieved on the basis of non-polar data sets. The major metabolites contributing to differentiation were identified by MS/MS experiments and were from the following classes of compounds: ceramides, fatty acids, glycerolipids, and phytosterols. Based on the soil descriptions of the two sites, it was concluded that there is probably a close relationship between nutrient availability and the differences in concentration of the marker compounds. The results show that a metabolomics-based approach is also suitable for differentiation of origin, even if the sample sites are close to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Lautner
- Applied Wood Biology, Faculty of Wood Science and Technology, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstrasse 5, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Wood Science, Research Unit Wood Biology, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Ackah M, Shi Y, Wu M, Wang L, Guo P, Guo L, Jin X, Li S, Zhang Q, Qiu C, Lin Q, Zhao W. Metabolomics Response to Drought Stress in Morus alba L. Variety Yu-711. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1636. [PMID: 34451681 PMCID: PMC8400578 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry is an economically significant crop for the sericulture industry worldwide. Stresses such as drought exposure have a significant influence on plant survival. Because metabolome directly reflects plant physiological condition, performing a global metabolomic analysis is one technique to examine this influence. Using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique based on an untargeted metabolomic approach, the effect of drought stress on mulberry Yu-711 metabolic balance was examined. For this objective, Yu-711 leaves were subjected to two weeks of drought stress treatment and control without drought stress. Numerous differentially accumulated metabolic components in response to drought stress treatment were revealed by multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Drought stress treatment (EG) revealed a more differentiated metabolite response than the control (CK). We found that the levels of total lipids, galactolipids, and phospholipids (PC, PA, PE) were significantly altered, producing 48% of the total differentially expressed metabolites. Fatty acyls components were the most abundant lipids expressed and decreased considerably by 73.6%. On the other hand, the prenol lipids class of lipids increased in drought leaves. Other classes of metabolites, including polyphenols (flavonoids and cinnamic acid), organic acid (amino acids), carbohydrates, benzenoids, and organoheterocyclic, had a dynamic trend in response to the drought stress. However, their levels under drought stress decreased significantly compared to the control. These findings give an overview for the understanding of global plant metabolic changes in defense mechanisms by revealing the mulberry plant metabolic profile through differentially accumulated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ackah
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yisu Shi
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Peng Guo
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Liangliang Guo
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shaocong Li
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Sericulture Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530007, China; (C.Q.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiang Lin
- Sericulture Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530007, China; (C.Q.); (Q.L.)
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- School of Biology and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang 212018, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (L.G.); (X.J.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Shahzad R, Ewas M, Harlina PW, Khan SU, Zhenyuan P, Nie X, Nishawy E. β-Sitosterol differentially regulates key metabolites for growth improvement and stress tolerance in rice plants during prolonged UV-B stress. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:79. [PMID: 34052903 PMCID: PMC8164654 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially deleterious to many organisms specifically crop plants and has become a global challenge. Rice is an exceptionally important staple food which is grown worldwide, and many efforts have been done recently to improve rice varieties against UV-B stress. This current study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous application of β-sitosterol (βSito) on growth improvement and tolerance level of rice plants against prolonged UV-B stress. The physiological and metabolic responses were evaluated in rice plants not supplemented with βSito (Nβ) and those supplemented with βSito (Sβ). RESULTS The Nβ and Sβ plants were grown under non-stress (ns) and under prolonged UV-B stress (uvs) conditions and termed as Nβns, Sβns and Nβuvs, Sβuvs, respectively. The application of βSito contributes positively under non-stress and specifically to UV-B stress in terms of improving numerous physiological parameters associated with growth and development such as shoot and root length, RWC, whole plant biomass, chlorophyll pigments, and photosynthetic-related parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, WUEi, Fv/Fm, and NPQ) in Sβ compared with Nβ plants. Moreover, enhanced oxidative stress tolerance of Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants under stress was attributed to low levels of ROS and substantial trigger in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX). Metabolic analysis was performed using GC-TOFMS, which revealed higher accumulation of several key metabolites including organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and others in Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants, which were mainly reduced in Nβ plants under stress vs. non-stress conditions. CONCLUSION These results provide useful data regarding the important role of βSito on growth maintenance and modulation of several metabolites associated with osmotic and redox adjustments during UV-B stress tolerance in rice plants. Importantly, βSito-regulated plasticity could further be explored specifically in relation to different environmental stresses in other economically useful crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia. .,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Zhenyuan
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
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20
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Zu P, Koch H, Schwery O, Pironon S, Phillips C, Ondo I, Farrell IW, Nes WD, Moore E, Wright GA, Farman DI, Stevenson PC. Pollen sterols are associated with phylogeny and environment but not with pollinator guilds. New Phytol 2021; 230:1169-1184. [PMID: 33484583 PMCID: PMC8653887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are primary plant metabolites that have fundamental structural and regulatory functions. They are also essential nutrients for phytophagous insects, including pollinators, that cannot synthesize sterols. Despite the well-described composition and diversity in vegetative plant tissues, few studies have examined phytosterol diversity in pollen. We quantified 25 pollen phytosterols in 122 plant species (105 genera, 51 families) to determine their composition and diversity across plant taxa. We searched literature and databases for plant phylogeny, environmental conditions, and pollinator guilds of the species to examine the relationships with pollen sterols. 24-methylenecholesterol, sitosterol and isofucosterol were the most common and abundant pollen sterols. We found phylogenetic clustering of twelve individual sterols, total sterol content and sterol diversity, and of sterol groupings that reflect their underlying biosynthesis pathway (C-24 alkylation, ring B desaturation). Plants originating in tropical-like climates (higher mean annual temperature, lower temperature seasonality, higher precipitation in wettest quarter) were more likely to record higher pollen sterol content. However, pollen sterol composition and content showed no clear relationship with pollinator guilds. Our study is the first to show that pollen sterol diversity is phylogenetically clustered and that pollen sterol content may adapt to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Zu
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Department Fish Ecology and EvolutionSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologySeestrasse 79KastanienbaumCH‐6047Switzerland
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Orlando Schwery
- New Mexico Consortium4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301Los AlamosNM87544USA
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Charlotte Phillips
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Conservation Science DepartmentWakehurst PlaceArdinglyWest SussexRH17 6TNUK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Iain W. Farrell
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - W. David Nes
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79424USA
| | - Elynor Moore
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford11a Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3SZUK
| | | | - Dudley I. Farman
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichChatham, KentME4 4TBUK
| | - Philip C. Stevenson
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichChatham, KentME4 4TBUK
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21
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Rawat N, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Membrane dynamics during individual and combined abiotic stresses in plants and tools to study the same. Physiol Plant 2021; 171:653-676. [PMID: 32949408 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is possibly the most diverse biological membrane of plant cells; it separates and guards the cell against its external environment. It has an extremely complex structure comprising a mosaic of lipids and proteins. The PM lipids are responsible for maintaining fluidity, permeability and integrity of the membrane and also influence the functioning of membrane proteins. However, the PM is the primary target of environmental stress, which affects its composition, conformation and properties, thereby disturbing the cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of integrity and fluidity of the PM is a prerequisite for ensuring the survival of plants during adverse environmental conditions. The ability of plants to remodel membrane lipid and protein composition plays a crucial role in adaptation towards varying abiotic environmental cues, including high or low temperature, drought, salinity and heavy metals stress. The dynamic changes in lipid composition affect the functioning of membrane transporters and ultimately regulate the physical properties of the membrane. Plant membrane-transport systems play a significant role in stress adaptation by cooperating with the membrane lipidome to maintain the membrane integrity under stressful conditions. The present review provides a holistic view of stress responses and adaptations in plants, especially the changes in the lipidome and proteome of PM under individual or combined abiotic stresses, which cause alterations in the activity of membrane transporters and modifies the fluidity of the PM. The tools to study the varying lipidome and proteome of the PM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Rawat
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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22
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Pandey A, Jaiswal D, Agrawal SB. Ultraviolet-B mediated biochemical and metabolic responses of a medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica Nees. at different growth stages. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 216:112142. [PMID: 33592357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of elevated UV-B (eUVB; ambient ± 7.2 kJ m-2 day-1) were evaluated on the biochemical and metabolic profile of Adhatoda vasica Nees. (an indigenous medicinal plant) at different growth stages. The results showed reduction in superoxide radical production rate, whereas increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide which was also substantiated by the histochemical localization. Malondialdehyde content, which is a measure of oxidative stress, did not show significant changes at any of the growth stages however photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content showed reduction at all growth stages under eUV-B exposure. Increased activities of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were noticed except ascorbic acid, which was reduced under eUV-B exposure. The metabolic profile of A. vasica revealed 43 major compounds (assigned under different classes) at different growth stages. Triterpenes, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids, diterpenes, tocopherols, and alkaloids showed increment, whereas reduction in saturated fatty acids and sesquiterpenes were observed under eUV-B treatment. Vasicinone and vasicoline, the two important alkaloids of A. vasica, showed significant induction under eUV-B exposure as compared to control. Treatment of eUV-B leads to the synthesis of some new compounds, such as oridonin oxide (diterpene) and α-Bisabolol oxide-B (sesquiterpene), which possess potent anti-inflammatory and anticancerous activities. The study displayed that differential crosstalk between antioxidants and secondary metabolites at different growth stages, were responsible for providing protection to A. vasica against eUV-B induced oxidative stress and enhancing its medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Pandey
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepanshi Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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23
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Wedow JM, Burroughs CH, Rios Acosta L, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA. Age-dependent increase in α-tocopherol and phytosterols in maize leaves exposed to elevated ozone pollution. Plant Direct 2021; 5:e00307. [PMID: 33615114 PMCID: PMC7876508 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a major air pollutant that significantly damages crop production. Crop metabolic responses to rising chronic ozone stress have not been well studied in the field, especially in C4 crops. In this study, we investigated the metabolomic profile of leaves from two diverse maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and the hybrid cross during exposure to season-long elevated ozone (~100 nl L-1) in the field using free air concentration enrichment (FACE) to identify key biochemical responses of maize to elevated ozone. Senescence, measured by loss of chlorophyll content, was accelerated in the hybrid line, B73 × Mo17, but not in either inbred line (B73 or Mo17). Untargeted metabolomic profiling further revealed that inbred and hybrid lines of maize differed in metabolic responses to ozone. A significant difference in the metabolite profile of hybrid leaves exposed to elevated ozone occurred as leaves aged, but no age-dependent difference in leaf metabolite profiles between ozone conditions was measured in the inbred lines. Phytosterols and α-tocopherol levels increased in B73 × Mo17 leaves as they aged, and to a significantly greater degree in elevated ozone stress. These metabolites are involved in membrane stabilization and chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. The hybrid line also showed significant yield loss at elevated ozone, which the inbred lines did not. This suggests that the hybrid maize line was more sensitive to ozone exposure than the inbred lines, and up-regulated metabolic pathways to stabilize membranes and quench ROS in response to chronic ozone stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Wedow
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
| | - Charles H. Burroughs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
| | - Lorena Rios Acosta
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
| | - Andrew D. B. Leakey
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignILUSA
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUrbanaILUSA
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24
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Díaz K, Espinoza L, Carvajal R, Silva-Moreno E, Olea AF, Rubio J. Exogenous Application of Brassinosteroid 24-Norcholane 22( S)-23-Dihydroxy Type Analogs to Enhance Water Deficit Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031158. [PMID: 33503838 PMCID: PMC7865588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that play an essential role in plant development and have the ability to protect plants against various environmental stresses, such as low and high temperature, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and pesticides. Mitigation of stress effects are produced through independent mechanisms or by interaction with other important phytohormones. However, there are few studies in which this property has been reported for BRs analogs. Thus, in this work, the enhancement of drought stress tolerance of A. thaliana was assessed for a series of 2-deoxybrassinosteroid analogs. In addition, the growth-promoting activity in the Rice Lamina Inclination Test (RLIT) was also evaluated. The results show that analog 1 exhibits similar growth activity as brassinolide (BL; used as positive control) in the RLIT bioassay. Interestingly, both compounds increase their activities by a factor of 1.2–1.5 when they are incorporated to polymer micelles formed by Pluronic F-127. On the other hand, tolerance to water deficit stress of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was evaluated by determining survival rate and dry weight of seedlings after the recovery period. In both cases, the effect of analog 1 is higher than that exhibited by BL. Additionally, the expression of a subset of drought stress marker genes was evaluated in presence and absence of exogenous applied BRs. Results obtained by qRT-PCR analysis, indicate that transcriptional changes of AtDREBD2A and AtNCED3 genes were more significant in A. thaliana treated with analog 1 in homogeneous solution than in that treated with BL. These changes suggest the activation of alternative pathway in response to water stress deficit. Thus, exogenous application of BRs synthetic analogs could be a potential tool for improvement of crop production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Agropecuarias, INIA–La Platina, Avda. Santa Rosa, Santiago 11610, Chile;
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (J.R.); Tel.: +56-322-652-843 (A.F.O. & J.R.)
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (J.R.); Tel.: +56-322-652-843 (A.F.O. & J.R.)
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25
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Zhang X, Lin K, Li Y. Highlights to phytosterols accumulation and equilibrium in plants: Biosynthetic pathway and feedback regulation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:637-649. [PMID: 32858426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are a group of sterols exclusive to plants and fungi, but are indispensable to humans because of their medicinal and nutritional values. However, current raw materials used for phytosterols extraction add to the cost and waste in the process. For higher sterols production, major attention is drawn to plant materials abundant in phytosterols and genetic modification. To provide an insight into phytosterols metabolism, the research progress on key enzymes involved in phytosterols biosynthesis and conversions were summarized. CAS, SSR2, SMT, DWF1 and CYP710A, the enzymes participating in the biosynthetic pathway, and PSAT, ASAT and SGT, the enzymes involved in the conversion of free sterols to conjugated ones, were reviewed. Specifically, SMT and CYP710A were emphasized for their function on modulating the percentage composition of different kinds of phytosterols. The thresholds of sterol equilibrium and the resultant phytosterols accumulation, which vary in plant species and contribute to plasma membrane remodeling under stresses, were also discussed. By retrospective analysis of the previous researches, we proposed a feedback mechanism regulating sterol equilibrium underlying sterols metabolism. From a strategic perspective, we regard salt tolerant plant as an alternative to present raw materials, which will attain higher phytosterols production in combination with gene-modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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26
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Gibson MJS, Moyle LC. Regional differences in the abiotic environment contribute to genomic divergence within a wild tomato species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2204-2217. [PMID: 32419208 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The wild currant tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium inhabits a wide range of abiotic habitats across its native range of Ecuador and Peru. Although it has served as a key genetic resource for the improvement of domestic cultivars, little is known about the genetic basis of traits underlying local adaptation in this species, nor what abiotic variables are most important for driving differentiation. Here we use redundancy analysis (RDA) and other multivariate statistical methods (structural equation modelling [SEM] and generalized dissimilarity modelling [GDM]) to quantify the relationship of genomic variation (6,830 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) with climate and geography, among 140 wild accessions. RDA, SEM and GDM each identified environment as explaining more genomic variation than geography, suggesting that local adaptation to heterogeneous abiotic habitats may be an important source of genetic diversity in this species. Environmental factors describing temporal variation in precipitation and evaporative demand explained the most SNP variation among accessions, indicating that these forces may represent key selective agents. Lastly, by studying how SNP-environment associations vary throughout the genome (44,064 SNPs), we mapped the location and investigated the functions of loci putatively contributing to climatic adaptations. Together, our findings indicate an important role for selection imposed by the abiotic environment in driving genomic differentiation between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie C Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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27
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Ozolina NV, Gurina VV, Nesterkina IS, Nurminsky VN. Variations in the content of tonoplast lipids under abiotic stress. Planta 2020; 251:107. [PMID: 32440739 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar membrane is an essential component in protecting the plant cell from stress factors. Different variations in the tonoplast lipid content, which depend on the type of stress, have been reviewed. The lipid content of vacuolar membranes of beet roots (Beta vulgaris L.) under hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic and oxidative types of stress has been studied. These types of stress induce variations in the content of almost all the classes of studied lipids (phospholipids, glycoglycerolipids, sterols and fatty acids). The variations, which are characteristic of a single stress, include the variations (i) in the content of individual glycoglycerolipids and in their total content, (ii) in the total content of sterols, and (iii) in the ratio of content of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in the scope of tonoplast phospholipids. Variations observed under all of the types of stress under scrutiny include (i) variations in the content of fatty acids of tonoplast lipids, (ii) some decrease in the content of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine, and (iii) variations in the content of individual sterols. Stigmasterol, campesterol, as well as the stigmasterol/sitosterol ratio increased in varying degrees under all of the types of stress. The most substantial variations have been observed in the content of sterols under abiotic stress. This is probably due to role of sterols in regulation of such membrane characteristics as permeability and microviscosity. In our opinion, sterols may represent one of the main components of tonoplast adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Veronika V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - Irina S Nesterkina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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28
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Antunes AC, Acunha TDS, Perin EC, Rombaldi CV, Galli V, Chaves FC. Untargeted metabolomics of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Camarosa') fruit from plants grown under osmotic stress conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6973-6980. [PMID: 31414485 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants activate defense mechanisms to cope with adverse environmental conditions, leading to the accumulation and / or depletion of general and specialized metabolites. In this study, a multiplatform untargeted metabolomics strategy was employed to evaluate metabolic changes in strawberry fruit of cv. Camarosa grown under osmotic stress conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data from strawberries grown under two water-deficit conditions, irrigated at 95% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and 85% ETc, and one excess salt condition with a 80 mmol L-1 NaCl solution, were analyzed to determine treatment effects on fruit metabolism. RESULTS Multivariate principal component analysis, orthogonal projections to latent structures - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and univariate statistical analyses were applied to the data set. While multivariate analyses showed group separation by treatment, T-tests and fold change revealed 12 metabolites differentially accumulated in strawberries from different treatments - among them phenolic compounds, glycerophospholipids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and an aromatic amino acid. CONCLUSION Untargeted metabolomic analysis allowed for the annotation of compounds differentially accumulated in strawberry fruit from plants grown under osmotic stress and non-stressed plants. The metabolic disturbance in plants under stress involved metabolites associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species and cell-wall and membrane lipid biosynthesis, which might serve as osmotic stress biomarkers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cn Antunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, School of Agronomy 'Eliseu Maciel', Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tanize Dos S Acunha
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, School of Agronomy 'Eliseu Maciel', Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Graduate Program of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellen C Perin
- School of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Cesar V Rombaldi
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, School of Agronomy 'Eliseu Maciel', Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galli
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, School of Agronomy 'Eliseu Maciel', Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Chaves
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, School of Agronomy 'Eliseu Maciel', Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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29
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Li Z, Cheng B, Yong B, Liu T, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Liu W, Nie G. Metabolomics and physiological analyses reveal β-sitosterol as an important plant growth regulator inducing tolerance to water stress in white clover. Planta 2019; 250:2033-2046. [PMID: 31542810 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
β-sitosterol influences amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and other metabolite metabolism and homeostasis largely contributing to better tolerance to water stress in white clover. β-sitosterol (BS) could act as an important plant growth regulator when plants are subjected to harsh environmental conditions. Objective of this study was to examine effects of BS on growth and water stress tolerance in white clover based on physiological responses and metabolomics. White clover was pretreated with or without BS and then subjected to water stress for 7 days in controlled growth chambers. Physiological analysis demonstrated that exogenous application of BS (120 μM) could significantly improve stress tolerance associated with better growth performance and photosynthesis, higher leaf relative water content, and less oxidative damage in white clover in response to water stress. Metabolic profiling identified 78 core metabolites involved in amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and other metabolites in leaves of white clover. For sugars and sugar alcohol metabolism, the BS treatment enhanced the accumulation of fructose, glucose, maltose, and myo-inositol contributing to better antioxidant capacity, growth maintenance, and osmotic adjustment in white clover under water stress. The application of BS was inclined to convert glutamic acid into proline, 5-oxoproline, and chlorophyll instead of going to pyruvate and alanine; the BS treatment did not significantly affect intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate, aconitate, and malate), but promoted the accumulation of other organic acids including lactic acid, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, shikimic acid, galacturonic acid, and quinic acid in white clover subjected to water stress. In addition, cysteine, an important antioxidant metabolite, was also significantly improved by BS in white clover under water stress. These altered amino acids and organic acids metabolism could play important roles in growth maintenance and modulation of osmotic and redox balance against water stress in white clover. Current findings provide a new insight into BS-induced metabolic homeostasis related to growth and water stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Wang XQ, Kim KW, Chu SH, Phitaktansakul R, Park SW, Chung IM, Lee YS, Park YJ. Genome-Wide Association Study for Squalene Contents and Functional Haplotype Analysis in Rice. ACS Omega 2019; 4:19358-19365. [PMID: 31763560 PMCID: PMC6868895 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is an isoprenoid compound that acts as the intermediate metabolite in cholesterol synthesis. Squalene is not very susceptible to peroxidation, and it quenches singlet oxygen in the skin, which is caused by UV exposure and other ionizing radiation sources. Squalene is a precursor to phytosterol synthesis, and it has been widely studied for its ability to reduce oxidation, cancer activity, and cholesterol levels. We performed a genome-wide association study for squalene in rice using 1.6 million high-quality SNPs extracted from 295 accessions' resequencing data. The candidate gene locus Os09g0319800-an orthologue of terpene synthase in Arabidopsis-showed up as the most likely candidate gene amongst the identified loci. Nucleotide variations in the promoter were associated with squalene content variations within the japonica group. The results of this study can provide clues for understanding the mechanisms of squalene biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Department
of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science and Center of Crop
Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic
of Korea
- DiaCarta
Inc. Yangzi Sci-Tech Innovation Center, Floor 21, Building A, No. 211 Pubin Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- Department
of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science and Center of Crop
Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Chu
- Department
of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science and Center of Crop
Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic
of Korea
| | - Rungnapa Phitaktansakul
- Department
of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science and Center of Crop
Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Chemical
Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture
Science (NIAS), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department
of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Lee
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Department
of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science and Center of Crop
Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic
of Korea
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Herrera MD, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Reynoso-Camacho R, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Common bean seeds from plants subjected to severe drought, restricted- and full-irrigation regimes show differential phytochemical fingerprint. Food Chem 2019; 294:368-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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V P, Ali K, Singh A, Vishwakarma C, Krishnan V, Chinnusamy V, Tyagi A. Starch accumulation in rice grains subjected to drought during grain filling stage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 142:440-451. [PMID: 31419646 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress during the grain filling stage severely affects the quality and quantity of starch in rice grains. The enzymes such as ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC 2.7.7.27) and starch synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.21) are the key regulatory enzymes involved in the starch biosynthesis. In this study, the activity of the AGPase and starch synthase (SS) was correlated with the qualitative and quantitative parameters such as sucrose, starch, amylose, amylopectin, and resistant starch in leaves, roots, and grains of drought tolerant (N22) and drought susceptible (IR64) cultivars under applied water deficit stress (WDS). Drought stress enhanced the remobilization of stored starch from leaves to developing rice grains which was positively correlated with a decrease in the starch and starch synthase activity in leaves. Starch accumulation in developing grains was positively correlated with an increase in the AGPase and SS activity under drought. It was found that starch, amylopectin, and sucrose content in developing grains increased under water deficit stress (WDS), while amylose content decreased in both the varieties. However, in leaves, the SS activity decreased while AGPase activity was found to be increased under WDS in both varieties. Decreased starch content in matured grains was due to shortening of grain filling stage as drought stress caused early plant senescence. Yield reduction under drought was more in susceptible variety IR64 as compared to tolerant genotype N22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap V
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishwar Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrapal Vishwakarma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Valitova J, Renkova A, Mukhitova F, Dmitrieva S, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV. Membrane sterols and genes of sterol biosynthesis are involved in the response of Triticum aestivum seedlings to cold stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 142:452-459. [PMID: 31421442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress can significantly alter the composition and functioning of the major membrane lipids in plants. However, the roles of the sterol component of plant membranes in stress tolerance remain unclear. In the work presented here we investigated the role of sterols in the response of wheat to cold stress. Initial experiments demonstrated that the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings are differentially sensitive to low positive temperatures. In the roots, cold stress induced disturbance of membrane integrity and accumulation of ROS followed by the induction of autophagy. The absence of such changes in leaves suggests that in wheat, the roots are more sensitive to cold than the leaves. The roots display a time-dependent parabolic pattern of cold stress response, characterized by raised levels of sterols and markers of oxidative stress during short-term treatment, and a decline of these parameters after prolonged treatment. MβCD-induced sterol depletion aggravated the negative effects of cold on the roots. In the leaves the changes also displayed parabolic patterns, with significant changes occurring in 24-ethyl sterols and major PLs. Constitutively high levels of sterols, glycolipids and PLs, and up-regulation of TaSMTs in the leaves may provide membrane stability and cold tolerance. Taken together, results suggest that sterols play important roles in the response of wheat seedlings to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Valitova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
| | - Albina Renkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
| | - Fakhima Mukhitova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Dmitrieva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
| | - Richard P Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
| | - Farida V Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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Kuczyńska A, Cardenia V, Ogrodowicz P, Kempa M, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Mikołajczak K. Effects of multiple abiotic stresses on lipids and sterols profile in barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 141:215-224. [PMID: 31181509 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are usually exposed to several types of abiotic stress in regular field conditions. The lipid profile of barley homozygous lines exposed to drought, heat, salinity, and their combinations, was investigated in the present study. Free fatty acids, free sterols, and diacylglycerols were the most abundant classes (∼8.0% of plant material). The genetic background significantly impacted the lipid composition rather than the treatments, and diacylglycerols were the only lipid class affected by salinity (1.84 mg/100 mg plant tissue; ∼33% reduction). However, the genotype × treatment interaction analysis revealed that the lipid and sterol compositions depended on both genotype and environment. Our results suggest that inborn stress tolerance in barley is manifested by enhanced accumulation of most lipids, mainly sterols, especially in heat/drought-stressed plants. In addition, expression of the LTP2 gene may be indirectly involved in the abiotic stress reaction of barley by mediating intracellular transport of some lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
| | | | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska Str. 34, Poznan, 60-479, Poland.
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Ramadan AM, Azeiz AA, Baabad S, Hassanein S, Gadalla NO, Hassan S, Algandaby M, Bakr S, Khan T, Abouseadaa HH, Ali HM, Al-Ghamdi A, Osman G, Edris S, Eissa H, Bahieldin A. Control of β-sitosterol biosynthesis under light and watering in desert plant Calotropis procera. Steroids 2019; 141:1-8. [PMID: 30414421 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most scientific studies on Calotropis procera refer to the plant as an important source of pharmaceutical compounds and its valuable benefits in medicine. One of the most important substances in this plant is the potential immunostimulant β-sitosterol (BS) that acts in improving human health. This study focused on the effects of lighting before and after irrigation on the BS accumulation pathway namely steroid biosynthesis. Studying the enzymes in BS biosynthetic pathway indicated the upregulation at dawn and predusk of the SMT2 and SMO2 genes encoding sterol methyltransferase 2 and methylsterol monooxygenase, two key enzymes in BS accumulation in C. procera. The results almost indicated no regulation at the different time points of the CYP710A gene encoding sterol 22-desaturase, an enzyme that acts in depleting β-sitosterol towards the biosynthesis of stigmasterol. RNA-Seq data was validated via quantitative RT-PCR and results were positive. The data of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with regard to BS accumulation also aligned with those of RNA-Seq analysis. We focused on the effects of light before and after watering on BS accumulation in C. procera. Our results show that BS accumulation is high at dawn in both dehydrated and well-watered condition. While, the BS was dramatically decrease at midday in well-watered plants. This increase/decrease in BS content is correlated with rates of expression of SMT 2 gene. This gene is a key convertor between the different branches in the cardiac glycoside biosynthesis. Accordingly, it could be suggested that BS (or one of the descendent product) may play an important role in C. procera tolerance to drought/light intensity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Ramadan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Plant Molecular Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdel Azeiz
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Saeed Baabad
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Hassanein
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt; Bioinformatics Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center(ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour O Gadalla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sabah Hassan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mardi Algandaby
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology, College of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt; College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thana Khan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Abouseadaa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hani Mohammed Ali
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al-Ghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Osman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbial genetics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Edris
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Eissa
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang W, Li Y, Dang P, Zhao S, Lai D, Zhou L. Rice Secondary Metabolites: Structures, Roles, Biosynthesis, and Metabolic Regulation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3098. [PMID: 30486426 PMCID: PMC6320963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites. At least 276 secondary metabolites from rice have been identified in the past 50 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as regulatory effects on rice growth and development, disease-resistance promotion, anti-insect activity, and allelopathic effects, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological functions and activities, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of rice secondary metabolites. Some considerations about cheminformatics, metabolomics, genetic transformation, production, and applications related to the secondary metabolites from rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengqin Dang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Siji Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kumar MSS, Mawlong I, Ali K, Tyagi A. Regulation of phytosterol biosynthetic pathway during drought stress in rice. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:11-20. [PMID: 29783097 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to drought stress in the form of various physio-biochemical and molecular changes at both cellular and molecular levels. Drought stress causes the destruction of cell membranes by disintegration of membrane lipids. One of the major groups of membrane lipids that plays important role in preserving the integrity of cell membranes is phytosterols. HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) is the principal enzyme in the biosynthesis of plant sterols, synthesized via mevalonic acid pathway. Phospholipid: sterol acyltransferase (PSAT) is another important enzyme that plays an important role in turnover of phytosterols into steryl esters and helps maintain homeostasis of membrane lipids. In this study, the expression of both HMGR and PSAT genes in drought sensitive (IR64) and drought tolerant (N22) rice cultivars under applied drought conditions were found to be elevated. The increase in expression of these genes was proportional to the level of severity of applied drought stress. This is substantiated by the negative correlation of HMGR and PSAT expression to relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI). Expression of PSAT was also found to be positively correlated to ABA content and HMGR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sujith Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Ibandalin Mawlong
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishwar Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Santamaria ME, Diaz I, Martinez M. Dehydration Stress Contributes to the Enhancement of Plant Defense Response and Mite Performance on Barley. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 29681917 PMCID: PMC5898276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants suffer different stresses simultaneously or in a sequential way. At present, the combined effect of biotic and abiotic stressors is one of the most important threats to crop production. Understanding how plants deal with the panoply of potential stresses affecting them is crucial to develop biotechnological tools to protect plants. As well as for drought stress, the economic importance of the spider mite on agriculture is expected to increase due to climate change. Barley is a host of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae and drought produces important yield losses. To obtain insights on the combined effect of drought and mite stresses on the defensive response of this cereal, we have analyzed the transcriptomic responses of barley plants subjected to dehydration (water-deficit) treatment, spider mite attack, or to the combined dehydration-spider mite stress. The expression patterns of mite-induced responsive genes included many jasmonic acid responsive genes and were quickly induced. In contrast, genes related to dehydration tolerance were later up-regulated. Besides, a higher up-regulation of mite-induced defenses was showed by the combined dehydration and mite treatment than by the individual mite stress. On the other hand, the performance of the mite in dehydration stressed and well-watered plants was tested. Despite the stronger defensive response in plants that suffer dehydration and mite stresses, the spider mite demonstrates a better performance under dehydration condition than in well-watered plants. These results highlight the complexity of the regulatory events leading to the response to a combination of stresses and emphasize the difficulties to predict their consequences on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zhu M, Assmann SM. Metabolic Signatures in Response to Abscisic Acid (ABA) Treatment in Brassica napus Guard Cells Revealed by Metabolomics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12875. [PMID: 28993661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought can severely damage crops, resulting in major yield losses. During drought, vascular land plants conserve water via stomatal closure. Each stomate is bordered by a pair of guard cells that shrink in response to drought and the associated hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The activation of complex intracellular signaling networks underlies these responses. Therefore, analysis of guard cell metabolites is fundamental for elucidation of guard cell signaling pathways. Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop for human consumption and biodiesel production. Here, non-targeted metabolomics utilizing gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed for the first time to identify metabolic signatures in response to ABA in B. napus guard cell protoplasts. Metabolome profiling identified 390 distinct metabolites in B. napus guard cells, falling into diverse classes. Of these, 77 metabolites, comprising both primary and secondary metabolites were found to be significantly ABA responsive, including carbohydrates, fatty acids, glucosinolates, and flavonoids. Selected secondary metabolites, sinigrin, quercetin, campesterol, and sitosterol, were confirmed to regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana, B. napus or both species. Information derived from metabolite datasets can provide a blueprint for improvement of water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crops.
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Jespersen D, Yu J, Huang B. Metabolic Effects of Acibenzolar- S-Methyl for Improving Heat or Drought Stress in Creeping Bentgrass. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1224. [PMID: 28744300 PMCID: PMC5504235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a synthetic functional analog of salicylic acid which can induce systemic acquired resistance in plants, but its effects on abiotic stress tolerance is not well known. The objectives of this study were to examine effects of acibenzolar-S-methyl on heat or drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and to determine major ASM-responsive metabolites and proteins associated with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. Creeping bentgrass plants (cv. 'Penncross') were foliarly sprayed with ASM and were exposed to non-stress (20/15°C day/night), heat stress (35/30°C), or drought conditions (by withholding irrigation) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Exogenous ASM treatment resulted in improved heat or drought tolerance, as demonstrated by higher overall turf quality, relative water content, and chlorophyll content compared to the untreated control. Western blotting revealed that ASM application resulted in up-regulation of ATP synthase, HSP-20, PR-3, and Rubisco in plants exposed to heat stress, and greater accumulation of dehydrin in plants exposed to drought stress. Metabolite profiling identified a number of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars which were differentially accumulated between ASM treated and untreated plants under heat or drought stress, including aspartic acid, glycine, citric acid, malic acid, and the sugars glucose, and fructose. Our results suggested that ASM was effective in improving heat or drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass, mainly through enhancing protein synthesis and metabolite accumulation involved in osmotic adjustment, energy metabolism, and stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jespersen
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New BrunswickNJ, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, GriffinGA, United States
| | - Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New BrunswickNJ, United States
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Ferrer A, Altabella T, Arró M, Boronat A. Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Parra-Lobato MC, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Saucedo-García M, Gavilanes-Ruiz M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Localization of Sphingolipid Enriched Plasma Membrane Regions and Long-Chain Base Composition during Mature-Fruit Abscission in Olive. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1138. [PMID: 28706527 PMCID: PMC5489598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, found in membranes of eukaryotic cells, have been demonstrated to carry out functions in various processes in plant cells. However, the roles of these lipids in fruit abscission remain to be determined in plants. Biochemical and fluorescence microscopy imaging approach has been adopted to investigate the accumulation and distribution of sphingolipids during mature-fruit abscission in olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Picual). Here, a lipid-content analysis in live protoplasts of the olive abscission zone (AZ) was made with fluorescent dyes and lipid analogs, particularly plasma membrane sphingolipid-enriched domains, and their dynamics were investigated in relation to the timing of mature-fruit abscission. In olive AZ cells, the measured proportion of both polar lipids and sphingolipids increased as well as endocytosis was stimulated during mature-fruit abscission. Likewise, mature-fruit abscission resulted in quantitative and qualitative changes in sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) in the olive AZ. The total LCB increase was due essentially to the increase of t18:1(8E) LCBs, suggesting that C-4 hydroxylation and Δ8 desaturation with a preference for (E)-isomer formation were quantitatively the most important sphingolipids in olive AZ during abscission. However, our results also showed a specific association between the dihydroxylated LCB sphinganine (d18:0) and the mature-fruit abscission. These results indicate a clear correlation between the sphingolipid composition and mature-fruit abscission. Moreover, measurements of endogenous sterol levels in the olive AZ revealed that it accumulated sitosterol and campesterol with a concomitant decrease in cycloartenol during abscission. In addition, underlying the distinct sterol composition of AZ during abscission, genes for key biosynthetic enzymes for sterol synthesis, for obtusifoliol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and C-24 sterol methyltransferase2 (SMT2), were up-regulated during mature-fruit abscission, in parallel to the increase in sitosterol content. The differences found in AZ lipid content and the relationships established between LCB and sterol composition, offer new insights about sphingolipids and sterols in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Paredes
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of ExtremaduraBadajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of ExtremaduraBadajoz, Spain
| | - Mariana Saucedo-García
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of HidalgoTulancingo, Mexico
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of ExtremaduraBadajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez,
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Ramirez-Estrada K, Castillo N, Lara JA, Arró M, Boronat A, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Tomato UDP-Glucose Sterol Glycosyltransferases: A Family of Developmental and Stress Regulated Genes that Encode Cytosolic and Membrane-Associated Forms of the Enzyme. Front Plant Sci 2017. [PMID: 28649260 PMCID: PMC5465953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) catalyze the glycosylation of the free hydroxyl group at C-3 position of sterols to produce sterol glycosides. Glycosylated sterols and free sterols are primarily located in cell membranes where in combination with other membrane-bound lipids play a key role in modulating their properties and functioning. In contrast to most plant species, those of the genus Solanum contain very high levels of glycosylated sterols, which in the case of tomato may account for more than 85% of the total sterol content. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of the four members of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SGT gene family. Expression of recombinant SlSGT proteins in E. coli cells and N. benthamiana leaves demonstrated the ability of the four enzymes to glycosylate different sterol species including cholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, which is consistent with the occurrence in their primary structure of the putative steroid-binding domain found in steroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and the UDP-sugar binding domain characteristic for a superfamily of nucleoside diphosphosugar glycosyltransferases. Subcellular localization studies based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and cell fractionation analyses revealed that the four tomato SGTs, like the Arabidopsis SGTs UGT80A2 and UGT80B1, localize into the cytosol and the PM, although there are clear differences in their relative distribution between these two cell fractions. The SlSGT genes have specialized but still largely overlapping expression patterns in different organs of tomato plants and throughout the different stages of fruit development and ripening. Moreover, they are differentially regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. SlSGT4 expression increases markedly in response to osmotic, salt, and cold stress, as well as upon treatment with abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. Stress-induced SlSGT2 expression largely parallels that of SlSGT4. On the contrary, SlSGT1 and SlSGT3 expression remains almost unaltered under the tested stress conditions. Overall, this study contributes to broaden the current knowledge on plant SGTs and provides support to the view that tomato SGTs play overlapping but not completely redundant biological functions involved in mediating developmental and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ramirez-Estrada
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nídia Castillo
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A. Lara
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monserrat Arró
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
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Eid Gamel R, Elsayed A, Bashasha J, Haroun S. Priming Tomato Cultivars in β-sitosterol or Gibberellic Acid Improves Tolerance for Temperature Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijb.2017.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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