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Demehin O, Attjioui M, Goñi O, O’Connell S. Chitosan from Mushroom Improves Drought Stress Tolerance in Tomatoes. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1038. [PMID: 38611567 PMCID: PMC11013739 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan is a derivative of chitin that is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature, found in crustacean shells as well as in fungi cell walls. Most of the commercially available chitosans are produced from the exoskeletons of crustaceans. The extraction process involves harsh chemicals, has limited potential due to the seasonal and limited supply and could cause allergic reactions. However, chitosan has been shown to alleviate the negative effect of environmental stressors in plants, but there is sparse evidence of how chitosan source affects this bioactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of chitosan from mushroom in comparison to crustacean chitosan in enhancing drought stress tolerance in tomato plants (cv. MicroTom). Chitosan treatment was applied through foliar application and plants were exposed to two 14-day drought stress periods at vegetative and fruit set growth stages. Phenotypic (e.g., fruit number and weight), physiological (RWC) and biochemical-stress-related markers (osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments and malondialdehyde) were analyzed at different time points during the crop growth cycle. Our hypothesis was that this drought stress model will negatively impact tomato plants while the foliar application of chitosan extracted from either crustacean or mushroom will alleviate this effect. Our findings indicate that drought stress markedly decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content, increased lipid peroxidation, and significantly reduced the average fruit number. Chitosan application, regardless of the source, improved these parameters and enhanced plant tolerance to drought stress. It provides a comparative study of the biostimulant activity of chitosan from diverse sources and suggests that chitosan sourced from fungi could serve as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the current chitosan from crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusoji Demehin
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; (O.D.); (M.A.); (S.O.)
- Marigot Ltd., Marigot Research Center, Sycamore Court, V92N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Maha Attjioui
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; (O.D.); (M.A.); (S.O.)
- Marigot Ltd., Marigot Research Center, Sycamore Court, V92N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; (O.D.); (M.A.); (S.O.)
- Brandon Bioscience, Marigot Research Center, Sycamore Court, V92N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; (O.D.); (M.A.); (S.O.)
- Marigot Ltd., Marigot Research Center, Sycamore Court, V92N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, Marigot Research Center, Sycamore Court, V92N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
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Martins M, Sousa F, Soares C, Sousa B, Pereira R, Rubal M, Fidalgo F. Beach wrack: Discussing ecological roles, risks, and sustainable bioenergy and agricultural applications. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120526. [PMID: 38492423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The equilibrium of the marine ecosystem is currently threatened by several constraints, among which climate change and anthropogenic activities stand out. Indeed, these factors favour the growth of macroalgae, which sometimes end up stranded on the beaches at the end of their life cycle, forming what is known as beach wrack. Despite its undeniable important ecological role on beaches, as it is an important source of organic matter (OM), and provides food and habitat for several invertebrates, reptiles, small mammals, and shorebirds, the overaccumulation of beach wrack is often associated with the release of greenhouse gases, negatively impacting tourist activities, and generating economic expenses for its removal. Although currently beach wrack is mainly treated as a waste, it can be used for numerous potential applications in distinct areas. This review aimed at providing a solid point of view regarding the process of wrack formation, its spatiotemporal location, as well as its importance and risks. It also contains the current advances of the research regarding sustainable alternatives to valorise this organic biomass, that range from bioenergy production to the incorporation of wrack in agricultural soils, considering a circular economy concept. Although there are some concerns regarding wrack utilisation, from its variable availability to a possible soil contamination with salts and other contaminants, this review comprises the overall beneficial effects of the incorporation of this residue particularly in the organic agricultural model, strengthening the conversion of this wasted biomass into a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos Rubal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA/ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Shukla PS, Nivetha N, Nori SS, Kumar S, Critchley AT, Suryanarayan S. A biostimulant prepared from red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii induces flowering and improves the growth of Pisum sativum grown under optimum and nitrogen-limited conditions. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1265432. [PMID: 38510831 PMCID: PMC10951999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the critical elements required by plants and is therefore one of the important limiting factors for growth and yield. To increase agricultural productivity, farmers are using excessive N fertilizers to the soil, which poses a threat to the ecosystem, as most of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is not taken up by crops, and runoff to aquatic bodies and the environment causes eutrophication, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we used LBS6, a Kappaphycus alvarezii-based biostimulant as a sustainable alternative to improve the growth of plants under different NO3 - fertigation. A root drench treatment of 1 ml/L LBS6 significantly improved the growth of Pisum sativum plants grown under optimum and deficient N conditions. No significant difference was observed in the growth of LBS6-treated plants grown with excessive N. The application of LBS6 induced flowering under optimum and deficient N conditions. The total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonia contents of tissues were found to be higher in treated plants grown under N deficient conditions. The LBS6 treatments had significantly higher chlorophyll content in those plants grown under N-deficient conditions. The root drench application of LBS6 also regulated photosynthetic efficiency by modulating electron and proton transport-related processes of leaves in the light-adapted state. The rate of linear electron flux, proton conductivity and steady-state proton flux across the thylakoid membrane were found to be higher in LBS6-treated plants. Additionally, LBS6 also reduced nitrogen starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species accumulation by reduction in lipid peroxidation in treated plants. Gene expression analysis showed differential regulation of expression of those genes involved in N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization in LBS6-treated plants. Taken together, LBS6 improved growth of those treated plants under optimum and nitrogen-limited condition by positively modulating their biochemical, molecular, and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarajan Nivetha
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Sailaja Nori
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sawan Kumar
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, NS, Canada
| | - Shrikumar Suryanarayan
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abudeshesh RM, Aboul-Nasr AM, Khairy HM, Atia MAM, Sabra MA. Differential impacts of interactions between Serendipita indica, Chlorella vulgaris, Ulva lactuca and Padina pavonica on Basil (Ocimum basilicumL.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108218. [PMID: 38029616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant biostimulants (PBs) are used globally to increase crop yield and productivity. PBs such as (Serendipita indica) or algal extracts stimulate and accelerate plant physiological processes. The physiological, ecological, and biochemical effects of (Serendipita indica) or algal extracts individually and in combination on basil plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) were investigated. Macroalgae samples were collected from Abu Qir, Alexandria, Egypt. The growth parameters, chlorophyll index, and biochemical composition of basil were analyzed at 90th day. The (Chlorella vulgaris) + (Serendipita indica) (MI + F) treatment increased chlorophyll index by 61.7% (SPAD) compared to control. (Chlorella vulgaris) had the highest growth hormones, including GA3 at 158.2 ppb, GA4 at 149.1 ppb, GA7 at 142.6 ppb, IAA at 136.6 ppb, and TC at 130.9 ppb, while (Ulva lactuca) had the lowest. The MI + F treatment yielded the highest essential oil and antioxidant values. Treatment with (Chlorella vulgaris) increased S. indica colonization by 66%. In contrast, Ulva lactuca and (Padina Pavonica) inhibited S. indica colonization by 80% and 40%, respectively. (Ulva lactuca) and (Padina Pavonica) inhibited S. indica colonization by 80% and 40%, respectively. Combined treatments had a greater influence on basil performance than the individual treatments. The evidence of synergistic/additive benefits to plants performance due to the interactive effects of (Chlorella vulgaris) and (Serendipita indica) had been studied. Complementary modes of action between (Chlorella vulgaris) and (Serendipita indica), through their components newly emerging properties on basil, may explain observed synergistic effects. This study explores the potential of microbial-algal interactions, particularly (Chlorella vulgaris) and (Serendipita indica), as innovative plant biostimulants. These interactions demonstrate positive effects on basil growth, offering promise for more effective microbial-based formulations to enhance crop productivity and sustainability in agriculture. These novelties will help create a second generation of PBs with integrated and complementary actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal M Aboul-Nasr
- Agricultural Botany Department, (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Khairy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Atia
- Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada A Sabra
- Agricultural Botany Department, (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Sánchez-Quintero Á, Fernandes SCM, Beigbeder JB. Overview of microalgae and cyanobacteria-based biostimulants produced from wastewater and CO 2 streams towards sustainable agriculture: A review. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127505. [PMID: 37832502 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, marine macroalgae (seaweeds) have been used to produce commercial biostimulants in order to ensure both productivity and quality of agricultural crops under abiotic stress. With similar biological properties, microalgae have slowly attracted the scientific community and the biostimulant industry, in particular because of their ability to be cultivated on non-arable lands with high biomass productivity all year long. Moreover, the recent strategies of culturing these photosynthetic microorganisms using wastewater and CO2 opens the possibility to produce large quantity of biomass at moderate costs while integrating local and circular economy approaches. This paper aims to provide a state of the art review on the development of microalgae and cyanobacteria based biostimulants, focusing on the different cultivation, extraction and application techniques available in the literature. Emphasis will be placed on microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivation using liquid and gaseous effluents as well as emerging green-extraction approaches, taking in consideration the actual European regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Sánchez-Quintero
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM, CNRS, 64 600 Anglet, France; MANTA-Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 600 Anglet, France; APESA, Pôle valorisation, 3 chemin de Sers, 64121 Montardon, France
| | - Susana C M Fernandes
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM, CNRS, 64 600 Anglet, France; MANTA-Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 600 Anglet, France.
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Mohammadi P, Asefpour Vakilian K. Machine learning provides specific detection of salt and drought stresses in cucumber based on miRNA characteristics. Plant Methods 2023; 19:123. [PMID: 37940966 PMCID: PMC10631058 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific detection of the type and severity of plant abiotic stresses helps prevent yield loss by considering timely actions. This study introduces a novel method to detect the type and severity of stress in cucumber plants under salinity and drought conditions. Various features, i.e., morphological (image textural features), physiological/biochemical (relative water content, chlorophyll, catalase activity, anthocyanins, phenol content, and proline), as well as miRNA characteristics (the concentration of miRNA-156a, miRNA-166i, miRNA-399g, and miRNA-477b) were extracted from plant leaves, and machine learning methods were used to predict the type and severity of stress by having these features. Support vector machine (SVM) with parameters optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used for machine learning. RESULTS The coefficient of determination of predicting the stress type and severity in plants under both stresses was 0.61, 0.82, and 0.99 using morphological, physiological/biochemical, and miRNA characteristics, respectively. This reveals machine learning methods optimized by metaheuristic optimization techniques can provide specific detection of salt and drought stresses in cucumber plants based on miRNA characteristics. Among the study miRNAs, miRNA-477b and miRNA-399g had the highest and lowest contribution to salt and drought stresses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Comapred to conventional plant traits, miRNAs are more reliable features for providing us with valuable information about plant abiotic diseases at early stages. Using an electrochemical miRNA biosensor similar to one used in this work to measure the miRNA concentration in plant leaves and using a machine learning algorithm such as SVM enable farmers to detect the salt and drought stress at early stages in cucumber plants with very high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mohammadi
- Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Asefpour Vakilian
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Melini F, Melini V, Luziatelli F, Abou Jaoudé R, Ficca AG, Ruzzi M. Effect of microbial plant biostimulants on fruit and vegetable quality: current research lines and future perspectives. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1251544. [PMID: 37900743 PMCID: PMC10602749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables hold a prominent place in dietary guidance worldwide and, following the increasing awareness of the importance of their consumption for health, their demand has been on the rise. Fruit and vegetable production needs to be reconsidered so that it can be productive and, meantime, sustainable, resilient, and can deliver healthy and nutritious diets. Microbial plant biostimulants (PBs) are a possible approach to pursuing global food security and agricultural sustainability, and their application emerged as a promising alternative or substitute to the use of agrochemicals (e.g., more efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers or less demand and more efficient use of pesticides in integrated production systems) and as a new frontier of investigation. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive reviews are currently available on the effects that microbial plant biostimulants' application can have specifically on each horticultural crop. This study thus aimed to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the effects that PBs can have on the morpho-anatomical, biochemical, physiological, and functional traits of the most studied crops. It emerged that most experiments occurred under greenhouse conditions; only a few field trials were carried out. Tomato, lettuce, and basil crops have been primarily treated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), while plant grow-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) metabolites were used for crops, such as strawberries and cucumbers. The literature review also pointed out that crop response to PBs is never univocal. Complex mechanisms related to the PB type, the strain, and the crop botanical family, occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Lu X, Wu Q, Nie K, Wu H, Chen G, Wang J, Ma Z. Exogenous phthalanilic acid induces resistance to drought stress in pepper seedlings ( Capsicum annuum L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1156276. [PMID: 37828921 PMCID: PMC10565039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is one of the main abiotic negative factors for plants. Phthalanilic acid (PPA), as a plant growth regulator, can promote the growth and development of crops. In order to evaluate the ideal application concentration and frequency of PPA-induced drought resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings, the concentration of PPA was 133.3 mg·L-1; 200.0 mg·L-1; 266.7 mg·L-1, and some key indicators were investigated, including leaf wilting index (LWI), relative water content (RWC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). We found that the LWI and RWC in the PPA-applied pepper leaves under light drought stress (LDS) and moderate drought stress (MDS) were all elevated, while MDA contents were decreased. To better understand how PPA makes pepper drought resistant, we examined the photosynthetic characteristics, growth parameters, antioxidant activities, and osmotic substances in pepper seedlings treated twice with PPA at a concentration of 133.3 mg·L-1 under LDS, MDS, and severe drought stress (SDS). Results showed that PPA increased the chlorophyll, plant height, stem diameter, root-shoot ratio, and seedling index of pepper leaves under LDS, MDS, and SDS. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rates (Tr), and water-use efficiency (WUE) in the PPA-treated pepper leaves under LDS and MDS were improved, while their stomatal limitation (Ls) were reduced. PPA also boosted the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), as well as enhanced the accumulation of osmotic substances such as soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline in pepper leaves under LDS, MDS, and SDS. Thus, PPA can alleviate the growth inhibition and damage to pepper seedlings caused by DS, and the PPA-mediated efficacy may be associated with the improvement in PPA-mediated antioxidant activities, Pn, and accumulation of osmotic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keyi Nie
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyou Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Mandal S, Anand U, López-Bucio J, Radha, Kumar M, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Dey A. Biostimulants and environmental stress mitigation in crops: A novel and emerging approach for agricultural sustainability under climate change. Environ Res 2023; 233:116357. [PMID: 37295582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide and fertilizer usage is at the center of agricultural production to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population. However, rising levels of chemicals impose a serious threat to the health of humans, animals, plants, and even the entire biosphere because of their toxic effects. Biostimulants offer the opportunity to reduce the agricultural chemical footprint owing their multilevel, beneficial properties helping to make agriculture more sustainable and resilient. When applied to plants or to the soil an increased absorption and distribution of nutrients, tolerance to environmental stress, and improved quality of plant products explain the mechanisms by which these probiotics are useful. In recent years, the use of plant biostimulants has received widespread attention across the globe as an ecologically acceptable alternative to sustainable agricultural production. As a result, their worldwide market continues to grow, and further research will be conducted to broaden the range of the products now available. Through this review, we present a current understanding of biostimulants, their mode of action and their involvement in modulating abiotic stress responses, including omics research, which may provide a comprehensive assessment of the crop's response by correlating molecular changes to physiological pathways activated under stress conditions aggravated by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India.
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Spagnuolo D, Bressi V, Chiofalo MT, Morabito M, Espro C, Genovese G, Iannazzo D, Trifilò P. Using the Aqueous Phase Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Brown Seaweed to Improve the Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2745. [PMID: 37514359 PMCID: PMC10383230 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are considered a biomass for third-generation biofuel, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a valuable process for efficiently disposing of the excess of macroalgae biomass for conversion into multiple value-added products. However, the HTC process produces a liquid phase to be disposed of. The present study aims to investigate the effects of seed-priming treatment with three HTC-discarded liquid phases (namely AHL180, AHL240, and AHL300), obtained from different experimental procedures, on seed germination and plant growth and productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. To disentangle the osmotic effects from the use of AHL, isotonic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 have also been tested. Seed germination was not affected by AHL seed-priming treatment. In contrast, PEG-treated samples showed significantly lower seed germination success. AHL-treated samples showed changes in plant biomass: higher shoot biomass was recorded especially in AHL180 samples. Conversely, AHL240 and AHL300 samples showed higher root biomass. The higher plant biomass values recorded in AHL-treated samples were the consequence of higher values of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, which, in turn, were related to higher stomatal density. Recorded data strongly support the hypothesis of the AHL solution reuse in agriculture in the framework of resource management and circular green economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Spagnuolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Viviana Bressi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Chiofalo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Trifilò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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11
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Ikuyinminu E, Goñi O, Łangowski Ł, O'Connell S. Transcriptome, Biochemical and Phenotypic Analysis of the Effects of a Precision Engineered Biostimulant for Inducing Salinity Stress Tolerance in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086988. [PMID: 37108156 PMCID: PMC10138596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major problem affecting plant growth and crop productivity. While plant biostimulants have been reported to be an effective solution to tackle salinity stress in different crops, the key genes and metabolic pathways involved in these tolerance processes remain unclear. This study focused on integrating phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and transcriptome data obtained from different tissues of Solanum lycopersicum L. plants (cv. Micro-Tom) subjected to a saline irrigation water program for 61 days (EC: 5.8 dS/m) and treated with a combination of protein hydrolysate and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived biostimulant, namely PSI-475. The biostimulant application was associated with the maintenance of higher K+/Na+ ratios in both young leaf and root tissue and the overexpression of transporter genes related to ion homeostasis (e.g., NHX4, HKT1;2). A more efficient osmotic adjustment was characterized by a significant increase in relative water content (RWC), which most likely was associated with osmolyte accumulation and upregulation of genes related to aquaporins (e.g., PIP2.1, TIP2.1). A higher content of photosynthetic pigments (+19.8% to +27.5%), increased expression of genes involved in photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll biosynthesis (e.g., LHC, PORC) and enhanced primary carbon and nitrogen metabolic mechanisms were observed, leading to a higher fruit yield and fruit number (47.5% and 32.5%, respectively). Overall, it can be concluded that the precision engineered PSI-475 biostimulant can provide long-term protective effects on salinity stressed tomato plants through a well-defined mode of action in different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elomofe Ikuyinminu
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92 CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, V92 N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92 CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, V92 N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | | | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee (South Campus), Clash, V92 CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, V92 N6C8 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
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12
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Tran TLC, Callahan DL, Islam MT, Wang Y, Arioli T, Cahill D. Comparative metabolomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves reveals complex response mechanisms induced by a seaweed extract. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1114172. [PMID: 36968386 PMCID: PMC10035662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are a prominent class of biostimulants that enhance plant health and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to their unique bioactive components. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still unknown. Here, we have used a metabolomic approach, a UHPLC-MS method, to uncover the mechanisms induced following application to Arabidopsis thaliana of a seaweed extract derived from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum. We have identified, following the application of the extract, key metabolites and systemic responses in roots and leaves across 3 timepoints (0, 3, 5 days). Significant alterations in metabolite accumulation or reduction were found for those belonging to broad groups of compounds such as lipids, amino acids, and phytohormones; and secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates, and organic acids. Strong accumulations of TCA cycle and N-containing and defensive metabolites such as glucosinolates were also found revealing the enhancement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and defence systems. Our study has demonstrated that application of seaweed extract dramatically altered the metabolomic profiles of Arabidopsis and revealed differences in roots and leaves that varied across the timepoints tested. We also show clear evidence of systemic responses that were initiated in the roots and resulted in metabolic alterations in the leaves. Collectively, our results suggest that this seaweed extract promotes plant growth and activates defence systems by altering various physiological processes at the individual metabolite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Linh Chi Tran
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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13
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Patel JS, Selvaraj V, More P, Bahmani R, Borza T, Prithiviraj B. A Plant Biostimulant from Ascophyllum nodosum Potentiates Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Protection Activity of Pseudomonas protegens CHA0. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1208. [PMID: 36986897 PMCID: PMC10053968 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including salinity stress, affect numerous crops, causing yield reduction, and, as a result, important economic losses. Extracts from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE), and compounds secreted by the Pseudomonas protegens strain, CHA0, can mitigate these effects by inducing tolerance against salt stress. However, the influence of ANE on P. protegens CHA0 secretion, and the combined effects of these two biostimulants on plant growth, are not known. Fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol are abundant components of brown algae and of ANE. Reported here are the effects of a commercial formulation of ANE, fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol, on pea (Pisum sativum), and on the plant growth-promoting activity of P. protegens CHA0. In most situations, ANE and fucoidan increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production by P. protegens CHA0. Colonization of pea roots by P. protegens CHA0 was found to be increased mostly by ANE and fucoidan in normal conditions and under salt stress. Applications of P. protegens CHA0 combined with ANE, or with fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol, generally augmented root and shoot growth in normal and salinity stress conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses of P. protegens revealed that, in many instances, ANE and fucoidan enhanced the expression of several genes involved in chemotaxis (cheW and WspR), pyoverdine production (pvdS), and HCN production (hcnA), but gene expression patterns overlapped only occasionally those of growth-promoting parameters. Overall, the increased colonization and the enhanced activities of P. protegens CHA0 in the presence of ANE and its components mitigated salinity stress in pea. Among treatments, ANE and fucoidan were found responsible for most of the increased activities of P. protegens CHA0 and the improved plant growth.
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14
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Domingo G, Marsoni M, Álvarez-Viñas M, Torres MD, Domínguez H, Vannini C. The Role of Protein-Rich Extracts from Chondrus crispus as Biostimulant and in Enhancing Tolerance to Drought Stress in Tomato Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:845. [PMID: 36840193 PMCID: PMC9963589 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of seaweed extract-based biostimulants is a promising approach for achieving sustainable agriculture, with an enormous potential of improving crop yield and mitigating climate change effects. Abiotic stressors, such as drought, are major factors resulting in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield losses and seaweed-based biostimulants have been proposed as an eco-friendly strategy to counteract this negative impact. Chondrus crispus is a common red seaweed widely used as source of carrageenans, not yet explored as a plant biostimulant. In this study, a protein hydrolysate-rich C. crispus extract, by-products of the carrageenan extraction, was tested on tomato plants under well-watered condition and water shortage. The foliar application of the protein-rich C. crispus extract conferred drought tolerance to tomato plants resulting in less noticeable visual stress symptoms. Treated plants showed higher shoot height and biomass under both well-watered and water deficit conditions, evidencing the double effect exerted by this new biostimulant, as plant growth promoter and drought stress protector. The treatment with the biostimulant had an effect on levels of abscisic acid and proline, and triggered the expression of Solyc02g084840, a drought marker gene. Finally, a label-free mass spectrometric approach allowed us to identify phycoerythrins and phycocyanins as major bioactive proteins contained in the extract. Altogether, these results indicate that the foliar application of protein hydrolysate-rich extracts from C. crispus improved tomato plant growth and tolerance to drought stress, suggesting a new opportunity for further applications in the agriculture and horticultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Domingo
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Milena Marsoni
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Milena Álvarez-Viñas
- CINBIO, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Candida Vannini
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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15
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Rostampour P, Hamidian M, Movahhedi Dehnavi M, Saeidimajd GA. Evaluation of osmoregulation and morpho-physiological responses of Borago officinalis under drought and salinity stress with equal osmotic potential. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Bruno A, Velders AH, Biasone A, Li Vigni M, Mondelli D, Miano T. Chemical Composition, Biomolecular Analysis, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Fingerprinting of Posidonia oceanica and Ascophyllum nodosum Extracts. Metabolites 2023; 13. [PMID: 36837789 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed analysis of the elemental and molecular composition of Posidonia oceanica (PO) and Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) is presented. In particular, an in-depth study of the molecular identification via NMR spectroscopy of aqueous and organic extracts of PO and AN was carried out, exploiting 2D COSY and pseudo-2D DOSY data to aid in the assignment of peaks in complex 1D proton NMR spectra. Many metabolites were identified, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and polyphenols, with NMR complementing the characterization of the two species by standard elemental analysis, HPLC analysis, and colorimetric testing. For PO, different parts of the live plant (roots, rhizomes, and leaves) were analysed, as well as the residues of the dead plant which typically deposit along the coasts. The combination of the various studies made it possible to recognize bioactive compounds naturally present in the two plant species and, in particular, in the PO residues, opening the door for their possible recycling and use in, for example, fertilizer. Furthermore, NMR is proven to be a powerful tool for the metabolomic study of plant species as it allows for the direct identification of specific biomarkers as well as providing a molecular fingerprint of the plant variety.
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17
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Zhang L, Freschi G, Rouphael Y, De Pascale S, Lucini L. The differential modulation of secondary metabolism induced by a protein hydrolysate and a seaweed extract in tomato plants under salinity. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1072782. [PMID: 36726679 PMCID: PMC9884811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and abiotic stress challenges in crops are threatening world food production. Among others, salinity affects the agricultural sector by significantly impacting yield losses. Plant biostimulants have received increasing attention in the agricultural industry due to their ability to improve health and resilience in crops. The main driving force of these products lies in their ability to modulate plant metabolic processes involved in the stress response. This study's purpose was to investigate the effect of two biostimulant products, including a protein hydrolysate (Clever HX®) and a seaweed extract with high amino acids content (Ascovip®), and their combination, on the metabolomics profile of tomato crops grown under salt stress (150 mM NaCl). Several stress indicators (leaf relative water content, membrane stability index, and photosynthesis activity) and leaf mineral composition after salinity stress exposure were assessed to evaluate stress mitigation, together with growth parameters (shoot and root biomasses). After that, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the mechanism of action of the biostimulants and their link with the increased resilience to stress. The application of the biostimulants used reduced the detrimental effect of salinity. In saline conditions, protein hydrolysate improved shoot dry weight while seaweed extracts improved root dry weight. Regarding stress indicators, the application of the protein hydrolysate was found to alleviate the membrane damage caused by salinity stress compared to untreated plants. Surprisingly, photosynthetic activity significantly improved after treatment with seaweed extracts, suggesting a close correlation between root development, root water assimilation capacity and photosynthetic activity. Considering the metabolic reprogramming after plant biostimulants application, protein hydrolysates and their combination with seaweed extracts reported a distinctive metabolic profile modulation, mainly in secondary metabolite, lipids and fatty acids, and phytohormones biosynthetic pathways. However, treatment with seaweed extract reported a similar metabolic reprogramming trend compared to salinity stress. Our findings indicate a different mechanism of action modulated by protein hydrolysate and seaweed extract, suggesting stronger activity as a stress mitigator of protein hydrolysate in tomato crops under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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18
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Mannino G, Bertea CM, Bonini P. Editorial: Characterization of biostimulants used in agriculture: A step towards sustainable and safe foods. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1065879. [PMID: 36561455 PMCID: PMC9763982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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19
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Benito P, Ligorio D, Bellón J, Yenush L, Mulet JM. A fast method to evaluate in a combinatorial manner the synergistic effect of different biostimulants for promoting growth or tolerance against abiotic stress. Plant Methods 2022; 18:111. [PMID: 36109758 PMCID: PMC9479394 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the most popular definition, a biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants with the aim to enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and/or crop quality traits, regardless of its nutrient content. Therefore, a biostimulant can help crops to withstand abiotic stress, while maintaining or even increasing productivity. We have previously designed a sequential system, based on two different model organisms, the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, to evaluate the potential of different natural extracts as biostimulants employing a blind-test strategy. RESULTS In this report, we further expand this concept to evaluate different biostimulants in a combinatorial approach to reveal the potential additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects of different combinations of biostimulants in order to design new formulations with enhanced effects on plant growth or tolerance to abiotic stress. The method is based on yeast assays (growth tests in solid medium, and continuous growth in liquid cultures) and plant assays (mass accumulation in hydroponic culture) to assess effects on early growth. CONCLUSIONS With this novel approach, we have designed new formulations and quantified the ability to enhance growth and promote biomass accumulation under normal conditions and in the presence of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or cold. This method enables a fast screen of many different products in a combinatorial manner, in order to design novel formulations of natural extracts with biostimulant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Benito
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Caldic Ibérica, S. L. U. Llobateras 23-25, pol.ind. Santiga, 08210, Barberà del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Ligorio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Bellón
- Caldic Ibérica, S. L. U. Llobateras 23-25, pol.ind. Santiga, 08210, Barberà del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Deolu-Ajayi AO, van der Meer IM, van der Werf A, Karlova R. The power of seaweeds as plant biostimulants to boost crop production under abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2537-2553. [PMID: 35815342 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are major factors resulting in crop yield losses and soil degradation worldwide. To meet increasing food demands, we must improve crop productivity, especially under increasing abiotic stresses due to climate change. Recent studies suggest that seaweed-based biostimulants could be a solution to this problem. Here, we summarize the current findings of using these biostimulants and highlight current knowledge gaps. Seaweed extracts were shown to enhance nutrient uptake and improve growth performance in crops under stressed and normal conditions. Seaweed extracts contain several active compounds, for example, polysaccharides, polyphenols and phytohormones. Although some of these compounds have growth-promoting properties on plants, the molecular mechanisms that underly seaweed extract action remain understudied. In this paper, we review the role of these extracts and their bioactive compounds as plant biostimulants. The targeted application of seaweed extract to improve crop performance and protein accumulation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O Deolu-Ajayi
- Agrosystems Research, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M van der Meer
- Bioscience, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie van der Werf
- Agrosystems Research, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Bartucca ML, Cerri M, Del Buono D, Forni C. Use of Biostimulants as a New Approach for the Improvement of Phytoremediation Performance—A Review. Plants 2022; 11:1946. [PMID: 35893650 PMCID: PMC9332818 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing global issues, and it requires priority attention. Environmental remediation techniques have been developed over the years and can be applied to polluted sites, but they can have limited effectiveness and high energy consumption and costs. Bioremediation techniques, on the other hand, represent a promising alternative. Among them, phytoremediation is attracting particular attention, a green methodology that relies on the use of plant species to remediate contaminated sites or prevent the dispersion of xenobiotics into the environment. In this review, after a brief introduction focused on pollution and phytoremediation, the use of plant biostimulants (PBs) in the improvement of the remediation effectiveness is proposed. PBs are substances widely used in agriculture to raise crop production and resistance to various types of stress. Recent studies have also documented their ability to counteract the deleterious effects of pollutants on plants, thus increasing the phytoremediation efficiency of some species. The works published to date, reviewed and discussed in the present work, reveal promising prospects in the remediation of polluted environments, especially for heavy metals, when PBs derived from humic substances, protein and amino acid hydrolysate, inorganic salts, microbes, seaweed, plant extracts, and fungi are employed.
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22
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Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Ikuyinminu E, Feeney E, O'Connell S. Investigation of the direct effect of a precision Ascophyllum nodosum biostimulant on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 179:44-57. [PMID: 35306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) pollution of ground water by improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops has become an intensively investigated research topic in pursuit of a more sustainable future. Although, distinct solutions have been proposed there are only a few reports documenting the detailed interplay between observed plant growth dynamics and changes in plant N related transcriptional and biochemical changes. It was previously demonstrated that the application of a formulated biostimulant (PSI-362) derived from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) improves N uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana and in barley. In this study, the effect of PSI-362 on the growth dynamics of wheat seedlings was evaluated at different biostimulant and N supplementation rates. Wheat grown on N deficient MS medium was also analysed from the first hour of the treatment until the depletion of the nutrients in the medium 9 days later. During this time the biomass increase measured for PSI-362 treated plants versus untreated controls was associated with increased nitrate uptake, with surplus N assimilated by the biomass in the form of glutamate, glutamine, free amino acids, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll. Phenotypical and biochemical analysis were supported by evaluation of differential expression of genetic markers involved in nitrate perception and transport (TaNRT1.1/NPF6.3), nitrate and nitrite reduction (TaNR1 and TaNiR1) and assimilation (TaGDH2, TaGoGAT, TaGS1). Finally, a comparative analysis of the precision biostimulant PSI-362 and two generic ANEs demonstrated that the NUE effect greatly differs depending on the ANE formulation used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Elomofe Ikuyinminu
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Ewan Feeney
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
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Conti V, Cantini C, Romi M, Cesare MM, Parrotta L, Del Duca S, Cai G. Distinct Tomato Cultivars Are Characterized by a Differential Pattern of Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105412. [PMID: 35628226 PMCID: PMC9141555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Future climate scenarios suggest that crop plants will experience environmental changes capable of affecting their productivity. Among the most harmful environmental stresses is drought, defined as a total or partial lack of water availability. It is essential to study and understand both the damage caused by drought on crop plants and the mechanisms implemented to tolerate the stress. In this study, we focused on four cultivars of tomato, an economically important crop in the Mediterranean basin. We investigated the biochemical mechanisms of plant defense against drought by focusing on proteins specifically involved in this stress, such as osmotin, dehydrin, and aquaporin, and on proteins involved in the general stress response, such as HSP70 and cyclophilins. Since sugars are also known to act as osmoprotectants in plant cells, proteins involved in sugar metabolism (such as RuBisCO and sucrose synthase) were also analyzed. The results show crucial differences in biochemical behavior among the selected cultivars and highlight that the most tolerant tomato cultivars adopt quite specific biochemical strategies such as different accumulations of aquaporins and osmotins. The data set also suggests that RuBisCO isoforms and aquaporins can be used as markers of tolerance/susceptibility to drought stress and be used to select tomato cultivars within breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.C.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-232392
| | - Claudio Cantini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR-IBE), 58022 Follonica, Italy;
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Michela Cesare
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.C.); (G.C.)
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Jacomassi LM, Viveiros JDO, Oliveira MP, Momesso L, de Siqueira GF, Crusciol CAC. A Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant Mitigates Drought Stress in Sugarcane. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:865291. [PMID: 35574093 PMCID: PMC9096543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses responsible for reduced crop yields. Drought stress induces morphological and physiological changes in plants and severely impacts plant metabolism due to cellular oxidative stress, even in C4 crops, such as sugarcane. Seaweed extract-based biostimulants can mitigate negative plant responses caused by drought stress. However, the effects of foliar application of such biostimulants on sugarcane exposed to drought stress, particularly on plant metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, juice purity, and sugarcane technological quality, have received little attention. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a seaweed extract-based biostimulant on late-harvest sugarcane during the driest period of the year. Three experiments were implemented in commercial sugarcane fields in Brazil in the 2018 (site 1), 2019 (site 2), and 2020 (site 3) harvest seasons. The treatments consisted of the application and no application of seaweed extract (SWE) as a foliar biostimulant in June (sites 2 and 3) or July (site 1). The treatments were applied to the fourth ratoon of sugarcane variety RB855536 at site 1 and the fifth and third ratoons of sugarcane variety SP803290 at sites 2 and 3, respectively. SWE was applied at a dose of 500 ml a.i. ha-1 in a water volume of 100 L ha-1. SWE mitigated the negative effects of drought stress and increased stalk yield per hectare by up to 3.08 Mg ha-1. In addition, SWE increased stalk sucrose accumulation, resulting in an increase in sugar yield of 3.4 kg Mg-1 per hectare and higher industrial quality of the raw material. In SWE-treated plants, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. Leaf analysis showed that SWE application efficiently improved metabolic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in carbohydrate reserve levels in leaves and an increase in total sugars. By positively stabilizing the plant's cellular redox balance, SWE increased biomass production, resulting in an increase in energy generation. Thus, foliar SWE application can alleviate drought stress while enhancing sugarcane development, stalk yield, sugar production, and plant physiological and enzymatic processes.
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Cocetta G, Landoni M, Pilu R, Repiso C, Nolasco J, Alajarin M, Ugena L, Levy CCB, Scatolino G, Villa D, Ferrante A. Priming Treatments with Biostimulants to Cope the Short-Term Heat Stress Response: A Transcriptomic Profile Evaluation. Plants 2022; 11:plants11091130. [PMID: 35567131 PMCID: PMC9101846 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant stress induced by high temperature is a problem in wide areas of different regions in the world. The trend of global warming is going to enhance the effects of heat stress on crops in many cultivation areas. Heat stress impairs the stability of cell membranes and many biological processes involving both primary and secondary metabolism. Biostimulants are innovative agronomical tools that can be used as a strategy to counteract the detrimental effect of abiotic stresses, including heat stress. In this work, two biostimulants based on Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (named Phylgreen) and based on animal L-α amino acids (named Delfan Plus) were applied as priming treatments to Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to heat stress exposure. Plants at the vegetative stage were treated with biostimulants 12 h before high temperature exposure, which consisted of maintaining the plants at 37 ± 1 °C for 4 h. Transcriptional profiles, physiological, and biochemical analyses were performed to understand the mode of action of the biostimulants in protecting the plants exposed to short-term heat stress. At a physiological level, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence, phenolic index, total anthocyanins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, and significant variations were observed immediately after stress. Both biostimulants were able to reduce the oxidative damage in leaves and cell membrane. Transcriptomic data revealed that upregulated genes were 626 in Phylgreen and 365 in Delfan Plus, while downregulated genes were 295 in Phylgreen and 312 in Delfan Plus. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the biostimulants protected the plants from heat stress by activating specific heat shock proteins (HPS), antioxidant systems, and ROS scavengers. The results revealed that the biostimulants effectively induced the activation of heat stress-associated genes belonging to different transcription factors and HSP families. Among the heat shock proteins, the most important was the AtHSP17 family and in particular, those influenced by treatments were AtHPS17.4 and AtHPS17.6A, B, showing the most relevant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cocetta
- DISAA—Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.P.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16612
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pilu
- DISAA—Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Carlos Repiso
- Tradecorp International, Via de los Poblados, 3. Edif. Onic 5, 6th Floor, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.N.); (M.A.); (L.U.); (C.C.B.L.)
| | - José Nolasco
- Tradecorp International, Via de los Poblados, 3. Edif. Onic 5, 6th Floor, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.N.); (M.A.); (L.U.); (C.C.B.L.)
| | - Marcos Alajarin
- Tradecorp International, Via de los Poblados, 3. Edif. Onic 5, 6th Floor, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.N.); (M.A.); (L.U.); (C.C.B.L.)
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Tradecorp International, Via de los Poblados, 3. Edif. Onic 5, 6th Floor, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.N.); (M.A.); (L.U.); (C.C.B.L.)
| | - Camila C. B. Levy
- Tradecorp International, Via de los Poblados, 3. Edif. Onic 5, 6th Floor, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.N.); (M.A.); (L.U.); (C.C.B.L.)
| | - Giacomo Scatolino
- Agricola 2000, scpa Via Trieste 9, 20067 Tribiano, MI, Italy; (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Villa
- Agricola 2000, scpa Via Trieste 9, 20067 Tribiano, MI, Italy; (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- DISAA—Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.P.); (A.F.)
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Ali J, Jan I, Ullah H, Ahmed N, Alam M, Ullah R, El-sharnouby M, Kesba H, Shukry M, Sayed S, Nawaz T. Influence of Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Foliar Spray on the Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Okra under Drought Stress. Plants 2022; 11:790. [PMID: 35336672 PMCID: PMC8949179 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress restricts the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) primarily by disrupting its physiological and biochemical functions. This study evaluated the role of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in improving the drought tolerance of okra. Drought stress (3 days (control), 6 days (mild stress), and 9 days (severe stress)) and 4 doses of ANE (0, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) were imposed after 30 days of cultivation. The results indicate that drought stress decreases the chlorophyll content (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid) but increases the activity of anthocyanin, proline, and antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Physiological and biochemical plant disturbances and visible growth reduction in okra under drought stress were significantly decreased by the application of ANE foliar spray. ANE spray (0.3%) significantly increased the chlorophyll abundance and activity of anthocyanin, proline, and antioxidants (APX, POD, and CAT). ANE regulated and improved biochemical and physiological functions in okra under both drought and control conditions. The results of the current study show that ANE foliar spray may improve the growth performance of okra and result in the development of drought tolerance in okra.
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Franzoni G, Cocetta G, Prinsi B, Ferrante A, Espen L. Biostimulants on Crops: Their Impact under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Horticulturae 2022; 8:189. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are agronomic tools that have been gaining importance in the reduction of fertilizer applications. They can improve the yield of cropping systems or preventing crop yield losses under abiotic stresses. Biostimulants can be composed of organic and inorganic materials and most of the components are still unknown. The characterization of the molecular mechanism of action of biostimulants can be obtained using the omics approach, which includes the determination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic changes in treated plants. This review reports an overview of the biostimulants, taking stock on the recent molecular studies that are contributing to clarify their action mechanisms. The omics studies can provide an overall evaluation of a crop’s response, connecting the molecular changes with the physiological pathways activated and the performance with or without stress conditions. The multiple responses of plants treated with biostimulants must be correlated with the phenotype changes. In this context, it is also crucial to design an adequate experimental plan and statistical data analysis, in order to find robust correlations between biostimulant treatments and crop performance.
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Castañeda-Murillo CC, Rojas-Ortiz JG, Sánchez-Reinoso AD, Chávez-Arias CC, Restrepo-Díaz H. Foliar brassinosteroid analogue (DI-31) sprays increase drought tolerance by improving plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency in lulo plants. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08977. [PMID: 35243095 PMCID: PMC8873547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of agronomic alternatives such as plant hormone sprays has been considered a tool to mitigate drought stress. This research aimed to evaluate the use of foliar brassinosteroid analogue DI-31 (BRs) sprays on plant growth, leaf exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and biochemical variables in lulo (Solanum quitoense L. cv. septentrionale) seedlings grown under drought stress conditions. Seedlings were grown in plastic pots (3 L) using a mix between peat and sand (1:1 v/v) as substrate. Lulo plants were subjected to drought stress by suppressing 100% of the water needs at 30–37 and 73–80 days after transplanting (DAT). Foliar BRs analogue (DI-31) sprays were carried out at four different rates (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mL of analogue per liter) at different times (30, 33, 44, 60, 73, and 76 DAT). Drought stress caused a reduction in the Fv/Fm ratio, leaf gas exchange properties, total biomass, and relative water content. Foliar DI-31 sprays enhanced leaf photosynthesis in well-watered (WW) (∼10.7 μmol m−2 s−1) or water-stressed plants (WS) (∼6.1 μmol m−2 s−1) when lulo plants were treated at a dose of 4 and 8 mL·L−1 compared to their respective controls (0 mL·L−1 for WW: 8.83 μmol m−2 s−1 and WS: 2.01 μmol m−2 s−1). Also, DI-31 sprays enhanced the photochemical efficiency of PSII, and plant growth. They also increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (TChl and Cx + c) and reduced lipid peroxidation of membranes (MDA) under drought conditions. The results allow us to suggest that the use of DI-31 at a dose of 4 or 8 mL·L−1 can be a tool for managing water stress conditions caused by low water availability in the soil in lulo-producing areas to face situations of moderate water deficit at different times of the year.
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Ma Y, Freitas H, Dias MC. Strategies and prospects for biostimulants to alleviate abiotic stress in plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1024243. [PMID: 36618626 PMCID: PMC9815798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change-induced abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, and UV radiation) have destabilized the fragile agroecosystems and impaired plant performance and thereby reducing crop productivity and quality. Biostimulants, as a promising and eco-friendly approach, are widely used to address environmental concerns and fulfill the need for developing sustainable/modern agriculture. Current knowledge revealed that plant and animal derived stimulants (e.g., seaweeds and phytoextracts, humic substances, and protein hydrolysate) as well as microbial stimulants (e.g., plant beneficial bacteria or fungi) have great potential to elicit plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses and thus enhancing plant growth and performance-related parameters (such as root growth/diameter, flowering, nutrient use efficiency/translocation, soil water holding capacity, and microbial activity). However, to successfully implement biostimulant-based agriculture in the field under changing climate, the understanding of agricultural functions and action mechanism of biostimulants coping with various abiotic stresses at physicochemical, metabolic, and molecular levels is needed. Therefore, this review attempts to unravel the underlying mechanisms of action mediated by diverse biostimulants in relation to abiotic stress alleviation as well as to discuss the current challenges in their commercialization and implementation in agriculture under changing climate conditions.
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Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS. Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1-31. [PMID: 34351488 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions that affect abiotic and biotic components of the world. It results in alteration in environmental conditions such as heat waves, intensity of rainfall, CO2 concentration and temperature that lead to rise in new pests, weeds and pathogens. Climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth and development worldwide. It impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and reduces physiological responses in plants. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect the agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. With this background, this review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, drought and salinity on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, this paper outlines an overview on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their impact on the biochemical and molecular status of plants with increased climatic variations. Also additionally, different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to combat environmental adversities have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chaudhry
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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Abd-Elkader DY, Mohamed AA, Feleafel MN, Al-Huqail AA, Salem MZM, Ali HM, Hassan HS. Photosynthetic Pigments and Biochemical Response of Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) to Plant-Derived Extracts, Microbial, and Potassium Silicate as Biostimulants Under Greenhouse Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:879545. [PMID: 35665186 PMCID: PMC9159351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are many technological innovations in the field of agriculture to improve the sustainability of farmed products by reducing the chemicals used. Uses of biostimulants such as plant extracts or microorganisms are a promising process that increases plant growth and the efficient use of available soil resources. To determine the effects of some biostimulants' treatments on the photosynthetic pigments and biochemicals composition of zucchini plants, two experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 under greenhouse conditions. In this work, the effects of beneficial microbes (Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens), as well as three extracts from Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, and Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE) with potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on productivity and biochemical composition of zucchini fruits, were assessed as biostimulants. The results showed that E. camaldulensis LE (4,000 mg/L) + K2SiO3 (500 mg/L) and T. viride (106 spore/ml) + K2SiO3 (500 mg/L) gave the highest significance yield of zucchini fruits. Furthermore, the total reading response of chlorophylls and carotenoids was significantly affected by biostimulants' treatments. The combination of K2SiO3 with E. camaldulensis LE increased the DPPH scavenging activity and the total phenolic content of zucchini fruits, in both experiments. However, the spraying with K2SiO3 did not observe any effects on the total flavonoid content of zucchini fruits. Several phenolic compounds were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the methanol extracts of zucchini fruits such as syringic acid, eugenol, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, α-tocopherol, and ellagic acid. The main elemental content (C and O) analyzed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of leaves was affected by the application of biostimulants. The success of this work could lead to the development of cheap and easily available safe biostimulants for enhancing the productivity and biochemical of zucchini plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Y. Abd-Elkader
- Department of Vegetable, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Mohamed
- Plant Pathology Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa N. Feleafel
- Department of Vegetable, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Asma A. Al-Huqail
| | - Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Z. M. Salem
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa S. Hassan
- Department of Vegetable, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
Environmental stressors such as salinity, drought, high temperature, high rainfall, etc. have already demonstrated the negative impacts on plant growth and development and thereby limiting productivity of the crops. Therefore, in the time to come, more sustainable efforts are required in agricultural practices to ensure food production and security under such adverse environmental conditions. A most promising and eco-friendly way to achieve this goal would be to apply biostimulants to address the environmental concerns. Non-microbial biostimulants such as humic substances (HA), protein hydrolysate, plant-based products and seaweed extracts (SWE), etc. and/or microbial inoculants comprising of plant growth-promoting microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fluorescent and non-fluorescent Pseudomonas, Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp. etc. have tremendous potentiality to enhance plant growth, flowering, crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and translocation, as well as enhancing tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses by modifying physiological, biological and biochemical processes of the crop-plants. Similarly, application techniques and timing are also important to achieve the desired results. In this article we discussed the prospects of using seaweed, microbial, and plant-based biostimulants either individually or in combination for managing environmental stresses to achieve food security in a sustainable way. Particular attention was given to the modifications that take place in plant's physiology under adverse environmental conditions and how different biostimulants re-program the host's physiology to withstand such stresses. Additionally, we also discussed how application of biostimulants can overcome the issue of nutrient deficiency in agricultural lands and improve their use efficiency by crop plants.
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Faize M, Faize L, Burgos L, Critchley AT, Albuquerque N. Application of Ascophyllum nodosum-Based Soluble Extract on Micropropagation and Regeneration of Nicotiana benthamiana and Prunus domestica. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1354. [PMID: 34371556 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of a commercial extract of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on in vitro micropropagation, shoot regeneration, and rhizoghenesis were studied in Nicotiana benthamiana and Prunus domestica. Results showed that the MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of the Ascophyllum extract (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg L−1) significantly enhanced the number of regenerated buds from N. benthamiana leaf discs to the conventional MS regenerating medium. Increases ranged from 3.5 to 6.5 times higher than the control. The effect of the Ascophyllum extract on N. benthamiana micropropagation was assessed through the measurement of some plant growth parameters. Results showed that the extract alone could not replace the micropropagation medium since shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, and leaf area were significantly reduced. However, its combination with a half-strength MS medium enhanced these parameters. Its effect was also evaluated on regeneration from plum hypocotyl slices. When added to the shoot regeneration medium without any plant growth regulators, the Ascophyllum extract alone could induce shoot regeneration. However, the percentage of bud regeneration and number of regenerated buds were lower than with the conventional shoot regeneration medium containing complete growth regulators. In contrast, the Ascophyllum extract drastically promoted rhizogenesis from plum hypocotyl slices. These results pave the way for the possible use of A. nodosum extracts in in vitro mass propagation of higher plants.
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Fernandes Â, Figueiredo S, Finimundy TC, Pinela J, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Petropoulos SA, Barros L. Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Purple French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Water Deficit Irrigation and Biostimulants Application. Sustainability 2021; 13:6869. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are a novel and eco-friendly agronomic tool with practical applications in alleviating negative effects of environmental stressors. The present work studied the effects of three biostimulant products (Nomoren (N), Twin-Antistress (TW), and X-Stress (XS)) under normal irrigation (W+) and water deficit irrigation conditions (W−) on the nutritional, chemical composition and bioactive properties of common bean fresh pods. A variable effect of biostimulants and water deficit irrigation was observed on nutritional value parameters, while fructose and sucrose were the main detected sugars, especially in NW+ and CW− treatments. Oxalic, malic, and citric acid were the main detected organic acids, while γ- and total tocopherol content was the highest in TWW+. (+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds, especially in the NW− treatment. A variable antioxidant capacity was observed for the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Oxidative Haemolysis assays (OxHLIA), while TWW+ extracts showed the best overall results against the tested fungi. In conclusion, the tested biostimulants had a positive effect on chemical composition and bioactivities of purple bean depending on the irrigation regime.
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Del Buono D, Di Michele A, Costantino F, Trevisan M, Lucini L. Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Novel Plant Extract: Application to Enhance Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Maize. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1270. [PMID: 34065934 PMCID: PMC8151215 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The need to increase crop productivity and resistance directs interest in nanotechnology. Indeed, biogenic metal oxide nanoparticles can promote beneficial effects in plants, while their synthesis avoids the environmental impacts of conventional synthetic procedures. In this context, this research aimed to synthesize biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using, for the first time, an extract of a wild and spontaneous aquatic species, Lemna minor (duckweed). The effectiveness of this biogenic synthesis was evidenced for comparison with non-biogenic ZnO-NPs (obtained without using the plant extract), which have been synthesized in this research. XRD (X-ray diffraction), FE-SEM (field emission gun electron scanning microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscope) and UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry) showed the biogenic approach effectiveness. The duckweed extract was subjected to UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS (ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry) phenolic profiling. This untargeted characterization highlighted a high and chemically diverse content in the duckweed extract of compounds potentially implicated in nanoparticulation. From an application standpoint, the effect of biogenic nanoparticles was investigated on some traits of maize subjected to seed priming with a wide range of biogenic ZnO-NPs concentrations. Inductive effects on the shoot and root biomass development were ascertained concerning the applied dosage. Furthermore, the biogenic ZnO-NPs stimulated the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. Finally, the study of malondialdehyde content (MDA) as a marker of the oxidative status further highlighted the beneficial and positive action of the biogenic ZnO-NPs on maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Costantino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologia, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.T.); (L.L.)
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA. Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050698. [PMID: 34067181 PMCID: PMC8150747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.
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Goñi O, Łangowski Ł, Feeney E, Quille P, O’Connell S. Reducing Nitrogen Input in Barley Crops While Maintaining Yields Using an Engineered Biostimulant Derived From Ascophyllum nodosum to Enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:664682. [PMID: 34025702 PMCID: PMC8132967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural production utilizes large amounts of nitrogen (N) mineral fertilizers that are applied to the soil to secure high crop yields. Unfortunately, up to 65% of this N fertilizer is not taken up by crops and is lost to the environment. To compensate these issues, growers usually apply more fertilizer than crops actually need, contributing significantly to N pollution and to GHG emissions. In order to combat the need for such large N inputs, a better understanding of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic solutions that increase NUE within crops is required. The application of biostimulants derived from extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum has long been accepted by growers as a sustainable crop production input. However, little is known on how Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANEs) can influence mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in crops to allow reduced N application. In this work, a significant increase in nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana 6 days after applying the novel proprietary biostimulant PSI-362 was observed. Follow-up studies in barley crops revealed that PSI-362 increases NUE by 29.85-60.26% under 75% N input in multi-year field trials. When PSI-362 was incorporated as a coating to the granular N fertilizer calcium ammonium nitrate and applied to barley crop, a coordinated stimulation of N uptake and assimilation markers was observed. A key indicator of biostimulant performance was increased nitrate content in barley shoot tissue 22 days after N fertilizer application (+17.9-72.2%), that was associated with gene upregulation of root nitrate transporters (NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and NRT1.5). Simultaneously, PSI-362 coated fertilizer enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase activities, while higher content of free amino acids, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigments was measured. These biological changes at stem elongation stage were later translated into enhanced NUE traits in harvested grain. Overall, our results support the agronomic use of this engineered ANE that allowed a reduction in N fertilizer usage while maintaining or increasing crop yield. The data suggests that it can be part of the solution for the successful implementation of mitigation policies for water quality and GHG emissions from N fertilizer usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Quille
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Ireland
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Zuo S, Li F, Gu X, Wei Z, Qiao L, Du C, Chi Y, Liu R, Wang P. Effects of low molecular weight polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera on the tolerance of Triticum aestivum to osmotic stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:12-22. [PMID: 33892040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides derived from seaweeds can be used as biostimulants to enhance plant resistance to different stressors. In this study, we investigated the effects of applying low molecular weight polysaccharides (LPU) derived from Ulva prolifera with 14.2 kDa on the responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to osmotic stress. The results showed that osmotic stress simulated using polyethylene glycol inhibited seedling growth, whereas we observed increases in the fresh weights and shoot lengths of seedlings treated with polysaccharide for 120 h. Furthermore, we observed enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, and significant reductions in malondialdehyde content of 23.13%, 19.82%, and 20.04% in response treatment for 120 h with 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05% LPU, respectively, relative to those in the group treated with polyethylene glycol alone. In all treatments, expression of the P5CS gene was upregulated to promote proline accumulation. Moreover, after 120 h, exogenously applied LPU induced the expression of stress-related genes, including SnRK2, Wabi5, Wrab18, and Wdhn13. Collectively, these findings indicate that LPU might have the effect of regulating the abscisic acid-dependent pathway in wheat, thereby increasing seedling antioxidant capacity and growth. Application of LPU may accordingly represent an effective approach for enhancing the resistance to osmotic stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wei
- Rongcheng Taixiang Food Co., Ltd., Rongcheng, Shandong, China
| | - Leke Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhou Chi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Hodge S, Merfield CN, Liu WYY, Tan HW. Seedling Responses to Organically-Derived Plant Growth Promoters: An Effects-Based Approach. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040660. [PMID: 33808386 PMCID: PMC8066269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organically-derived biofertilizers and biostimulants, developed from harvested materials such as seaweed and waste from animal and fish processing, are currently the subject of much fundamental and applied research. These products have significant potential in reducing synthetic fertilizer inputs to horticultural, arable, and pasture-based agricultural systems, although there is frequently some ambiguity over the magnitude and consistency of any positive effects these products may have on plant performance. This study examined the effects of organically-derived plant growth promoters (PGPs) available in New Zealand on the early vegetative growth of 16 plant species maintained under glasshouse conditions. When applied as a root drench to low nutrient potting mix, the effects of the PGPs on seedling shoot growth were strongly related to the NPK contents of the applied solutions. Any positive effects on shoot growth were, on average, reduced when the seedlings were maintained in higher nutrient growing media. Applying the PGPs at concentrations twice, and four times, the recommended concentration, only caused further growth responses when the PGPs contained high levels of nutrients. Applying the PGPs as a foliar spray had negligible effects on shoot growth. Overall, the results of these trials suggest that the positive effects of applying some organically-derived PGPs on seedling growth are a function of the PGP nutrient content, and not due to any indirect effects related to phytohormone pathways or modification of rhizosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hodge
- The BHU Future Farming Centre, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Wendy Y. Y. Liu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh 30250, Malaysia
| | - Heng W. Tan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:531. [PMID: 33808954 PMCID: PMC8000310 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of seaweed-based bioproducts has been gaining momentum in crop production systems owing to their unique bioactive components and effects. They have phytostimulatory properties that result in increased plant growth and yield parameters in several important crop plants. They have phytoelicitor activity as their components evoke defense responses in plants that contribute to resistance to several pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, and cold. This is often linked to the upregulation of important defense-related genes and pathways in the plant system, priming the plant defenses against future attacks. They also evoke phytohormonal responses due to their specific components and interaction with plant growth regulation. Treatment by seaweed extracts and products also causes significant changes in the microbiome components of soil and plant in support of sustainable plant growth. Seaweed extracts contain a plethora of substances which are mostly organic, but trace levels of inorganic nutrient elements are also present. Fractionation of seaweed extracts into their components and their respective bioassays, however, has not yielded favorable growth effects. Only the whole seaweed extracts have been consistently proven to be very effective, which highlights the role of multiple components and their complex interactive effects on plant growth processes. Since seaweed extracts are highly organic, they are ideally suited for organic farming and environmentally sensitive crop production. They are also very compatible with other crop inputs, paving the way for an integrated management approach geared towards sustainability. The current review discusses the growth and functional effects evoked by seaweed extracts and their modes and mechanisms of action in crop plants which are responsible for elicitor and phytostimulatory activities. The review further analyses the potential value of seaweed extracts in integrated crop management systems towards sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jayaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (O.A.); (A.R.)
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Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Marques FS, Hamawaki OT, da Silva CO, Nogueira APO, Teixeira MAJ, Glasenapp JS, Pereira M, O’Connell S. Ascophyllum nodosum Extract (Sealicit TM) Boosts Soybean Yield Through Reduction of Pod Shattering-Related Seed Loss and Enhanced Seed Production. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:631768. [PMID: 33719306 PMCID: PMC7943832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most valuable commercial crops because of its high protein, carbohydrate, and oil content. The land area cultivated with soybean in subtropical regions, such as Brazil, is continuously expanding, in some instances at the expense of carbon storing natural habitats. Strategies to decrease yield/seed losses and increase production efficiency are urgently required to meet global demand for soybean in a sustainable manner. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), SealicitTM, in increasing yields of different soybean varieties, in two geographical regions (Canada and Brazil). In addition, we investigated the potential of SealicitTM to reduce pod shattering at the trials in Brazil. Three different concentrations of SealicitTM were applied to pod shatter-susceptible (SS) UFUS 6901 and shatter-resistant (SR) UFUS 7415 varieties to assess their impact on pod firmness. SS variety demonstrated a significant decrease in pod shattering, which coincided with deregulation of GmPDH1.1 and GmSHAT1-5 expression, genes that determine pod dehiscence, and higher seed weight per pod. SealicitTM application to the SR variety did not significantly alter its inherent pod shatter resistance, but provided higher increases in seed yield at harvest. This yield increase maybe associated with to other yield components stimulated by the biostimulant. This work demonstrates that SealicitTM, which has previously been shown to improve pod firmness in Arabidopsis and selected commercial oilseed rape varieties through IND gene down-regulation, also has the potential to improve pod resistance and seed productivity in soybean, a member of the legume family sharing a similar strategy for seed dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University Kerry, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Fabio Serafim Marques
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia/UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcio Pereira
- Fundação Educacional de Ituverava FAFRAM, Faculdade Agronomia, Ituverava, Brazil
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University Kerry, Tralee, Ireland
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Jiménez-Arias D, García-Machado FJ, Morales-Sierra S, García-García AL, Herrera AJ, Valdés F, Luis JC, Borges AA. A Beginner's Guide to Osmoprotection by Biostimulants. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020363. [PMID: 33668668 PMCID: PMC7917748 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Water is indispensable for the life of any organism on Earth. Consequently, osmotic stress due to salinity and drought is the greatest threat to crop productivity. Ongoing climate change includes rising temperatures and less precipitation over large areas of the planet. This is leading to increased vulnerability to the drought conditions that habitually threaten food security in many countries. Such a scenario poses a daunting challenge for scientists: the search for innovative solutions to save water and cultivate under water deficit. A search for formulations including biostimulants capable of improving tolerance to this stress is a promising specific approach. This review updates the most recent state of the art in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jiménez-Arias
- Chemical Plant Defence Activators Group, Department of Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (A.L.G.-G.); (A.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.-A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Francisco J. García-Machado
- Chemical Plant Defence Activators Group, Department of Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (A.L.G.-G.); (A.J.H.)
- Applied Plant Biology Group (GBVA), Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology–Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (F.V.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Sarai Morales-Sierra
- Applied Plant Biology Group (GBVA), Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology–Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (F.V.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Ana L. García-García
- Chemical Plant Defence Activators Group, Department of Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (A.L.G.-G.); (A.J.H.)
- Applied Plant Biology Group (GBVA), Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology–Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (F.V.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Chemical Plant Defence Activators Group, Department of Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (A.L.G.-G.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Francisco Valdés
- Applied Plant Biology Group (GBVA), Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology–Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (F.V.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Juan C. Luis
- Applied Plant Biology Group (GBVA), Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology–Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (F.V.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Andrés A. Borges
- Chemical Plant Defence Activators Group, Department of Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (A.L.G.-G.); (A.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.-A.); (A.A.B.)
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González-Morales S, Solís-Gaona S, Valdés-Caballero MV, Juárez-Maldonado A, Loredo-Treviño A, Benavides-Mendoza A. Transcriptomics of Biostimulation of Plants Under Abiotic Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:583888. [PMID: 33613631 PMCID: PMC7888440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.583888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are compounds, living microorganisms, or their constituent parts that alter plant development programs. The impact of biostimulants is manifested in several ways: via morphological, physiological, biochemical, epigenomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. For each of these, a response and alteration occur, and these alterations in turn improve metabolic and adaptive performance in the environment. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of different biotic and abiotic stimulants on plants, including many crop species. However, as far as we know, there are no reviews available that describe the impact of biostimulants for a specific field such as transcriptomics, which is the objective of this review. For the commercial registration process of products for agricultural use, it is necessary to distinguish the specific impact of biostimulants from that of other legal categories of products used in agriculture, such as fertilizers and plant hormones. For the chemical or biological classification of biostimulants, the classification is seen as a complex issue, given the great diversity of compounds and organisms that cause biostimulation. However, with an approach focused on the impact on a particular field such as transcriptomics, it is perhaps possible to obtain a criterion that allows biostimulants to be grouped considering their effects on living systems, as well as the overlap of the impact on metabolism, physiology, and morphology occurring between fertilizers, hormones, and biostimulants.
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Rasul F, Gupta S, Olas JJ, Gechev T, Sujeeth N, Mueller-Roeber B. Priming with a Seaweed Extract Strongly Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1469. [PMID: 33540571 PMCID: PMC7867171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major threat to plants in natural ecosystems and agricultural settings. The biostimulant Super Fifty (SF), produced from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, enables ecologically friendly stress mitigation. We investigated the physiological and whole-genome transcriptome responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress after a treatment with SF. SF strongly decreased drought-induced damage. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which typically stifle plant growth during drought, was reduced in SF-primed plants. Relative water content remained high in SF-treated plants, whilst ion leakage, a measure of cell damage, was reduced compared to controls. Plant growth requires a functional shoot apical meristem (SAM). Expression of a stress-responsive negative growth regulator, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), was repressed by SF treatment at the SAM, consistent with the model that SF priming maintains the function of the SAM during drought stress. Accordingly, expression of the cell cycle marker gene HISTONE H4 (HIS4) was maintained at the SAMs of SF-primed plants, revealing active cell cycle progression after SF priming during drought. In accordance with this, CYCP2;1, which promotes meristem cell division, was repressed by drought but enhanced by SF. SF also positively affected stomatal behavior to support the tolerance to drought stress. Collectively, our data show that SF priming mitigates multiple cellular processes that otherwise impair plant growth under drought stress, thereby providing a knowledge basis for future research on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Rasul
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, V92 RWV5 Tralee, Ireland
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Del Buono D, Regni L, Del Pino AM, Bartucca ML, Palmerini CA, Proietti P. Effects of Megafol on the Olive Cultivar 'Arbequina' Grown Under Severe Saline Stress in Terms of Physiological Traits, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, and Cytosolic Ca 2. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:603576. [PMID: 33519855 PMCID: PMC7844094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most impacting abiotic stresses regarding crop productivity and quality. Among the strategies that are attracting attention in the protection of crops from abiotic stresses, there is the use of plant biostimulants. In this study, Megafol (Meg), a commercial plant biostimulant, was tested on olive plants subjected to severe saline stress. Plants treated with salt alone showed substantial reductions in biomass production, leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and relative water content (RWC). In addition, samples stressed with NaCl showed a higher sodium (Na+) content in the leaves, while those stressed with NaCl and biostimulated with Meg increased the potassium (K+) content in the leaves, thus showing a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Salinity caused the accumulation of significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) due to decreases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD - EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX - EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX - EC 1.11.1.9), and catalase (CAT - EC 1.11.1.6). When olive plants under saline stress were biostimulated with Meg, the plants recovered and showed physiological and biochemical traits much improved than salt stressed samples. Finally, Meg exhibited Ca2+-chelating activity in olive pollen grains, which allowed the biostimulant to exert this beneficial effect also by antagonizing the undesirable effects of hydrogen peroxide on Ca2+ metabolism.
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Attjioui M, Ryan S, Ristic AK, Higgins T, Goñi O, Gibney ER, Tierney J, O'Connell S. Comparison of edible brown algae extracts for the inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate digestive enzymes involved in glucose release from the diet. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e5. [PMID: 33889388 PMCID: PMC8057513 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes is considered the most common metabolic disorder in the developed world and currently affects about one in ten globally. A therapeutic target for the management of type II diabetes is the inhibition of α- glucosidase, an essential enzyme located at the brush border of the small intestinal epithelium. The inhibition of α-glucosidase results in reduced digestion of carbohydrates and a decrease in postprandial blood glucose. Although pharmaceutical synthetic inhibitors are available, these are usually associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects. In the present study, the impact of inhibitors derived from edible brown algae is being investigated and compared for their effect on glycaemic control. Carbohydrate- and polyphenolic-enriched extracts derived from Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida were characterised and screened for their inhibitory effects on maltase and sucrase enzymes. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and the mechanism of inhibition of maltase and sucrase were determined using linear and nonlinear regression methods. All tested extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 0⋅26 to 0⋅47 mg/ml for maltase; however, the only extract that was able to inhibit sucrase activity was A. nodosum, with an IC50 value of 0⋅83 mg/ml. The present study demonstrates the mechanisms in which different brown seaweed extracts with varying composition and molecular weight distribution differentially inhibit α-glucosidase activities. The data highlight that all brown seaweed extracts are not equal in the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes involved in postprandial glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Attjioui
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | | | | | - Thomas Higgins
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | | | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanna Tierney
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- Marigot Ltd., Carrigaline, Ireland
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Del Buono D. Can biostimulants be used to mitigate the effect of anthropogenic climate change on agriculture? It is time to respond. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141763. [PMID: 32889471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change, namely climate alterations induced by human activities, is causing some issues to agricultural systems for their vulnerability to extreme events. Forecasts predict a global population increase in the near years that will exacerbate this situation, elevating the global demand for food. It will pose severe concerns in terms of natural resource usage and availability. Agriculture is one of the anthropogenic activities that will be more affected in the future. Climate extremes menace to affect the quantity and quality of crop production severely. Drought, water and soil salinity are considered among the most problematic factors that anthropogenic climate change will increase. This complex and worrying scenario requires the urgent implementation of sustainable measures which are capable of improving crop yield and quality, fostering the robustness and resilience of cropping systems. Among the more current methodology, the use of natural plant biostimulants (PBs) has been proposed to improve plant resistance to abiotic environmental stresses. The advantage of using these substances is due to their effectiveness in improving crop productivity and quality. Therefore, in this review, the most recent researches dealing with the use of natural PBs for improving plant resistance to drought and salinity, in an anthropogenic climate change scenario, have been reported and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
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De Long JR, Streminska MA, Persijn A, Huisman HMI, van der Salm C. Biological control of Meloidogyne spp. in glasshouse-grown chrysanthemum. J Nematol 2021; 52:e2020-125. [PMID: 33829158 PMCID: PMC8015271 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a major problem in soil-based glasshouse-grown chrysanthemums. To combat root-knot nematodes in the glasshouse, the soil is typically steamed every 5-6 production cycles. However, this method is expensive, environmentally unfriendly and reduces resistance and resilience of the soil against pathogens and pests. Here, we added biological pesticides/a basic substance and biostimulants both individually and in combination to determine individual or interactive effects against damage by root-knot nematodes in chrysanthemums. We found that the application of biological nematicides derived from garlic extract, the basic substance chitosan HCl and biostimulants comprised of sea minerals and plant oils correlated with reduced root-knot nematode damage. These effects may have been due to direct effects against the nematodes or through indirect effects such as increased resistance and resilience of the plants. Overall, the biostimulants increased the total number of free-living nematodes in the soil, which could lead to a beneficial increase in nutrient cycling in the soils. Our results demonstrate that biological reagents show promise in reducing root-knot nematode damage in glasshouse-grown chrysanthemum and may lead to more resistance and resilient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. De Long
- Wageningen University & Research BU Greenhouse Horticulture & Flower Bulbs
| | - M. A. Streminska
- Wageningen University & Research BU Greenhouse Horticulture & Flower Bulbs
| | - A. Persijn
- Wageningen University & Research BU Greenhouse Horticulture & Flower Bulbs
| | - H. M. I. Huisman
- Wageningen University & Research BU Greenhouse Horticulture & Flower Bulbs
| | - C. van der Salm
- Wageningen University & Research BU Greenhouse Horticulture & Flower Bulbs
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Vasilieva T, Goñi O, Quille P, O’connell S, Kosyakov D, Shestakov S, Ul’yanovskii N, Vasiliev M. Chitosan Plasma Chemical Processing in Beam-Plasma Reactors as a Way of Environmentally Friendly Phytostimulants Production. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:103. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel technique of phytoactive water-soluble chitooligosaccharide (COS) production in low-temperature plasma is described. Design, operation, and control of plasma chemical reactors used to produce COS from the powder of high molecular weight chitosan are presented. The electron beam plasma is strongly non-equilibrium and chemically active; plasma was excited by injecting the scanning electron beam into reaction volume filled with aerosol, containing oxygen and chitosan powder. Plasma chemical processes, responsible for the raw chitosan destruction and techniques of these processes to obtain control of products of optimal molecular weight, are considered. COS, in amounts sufficient for laboratory tests with some plants, were produced. Tests showed that the addition of COS into the liquid growing medium at 0.25 and 1 mg/mL stimulates root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (Col-0) by up to 40%, with respect to control plants. Foliar application of these COS formulations at 0.25 mg/mL on tomato plants (cv. Micro-Tom) also resulted in increases between 11.9% and 36% in two important plant productivity indicators (flower and fruit numbers) compared to the control plants. Being environmentally friendly (and resource saving) the electron beam plasma technology of renewable natural biopolymer processing can be considered as a competitive way to produce biostimulants for commercial agriculture.
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Ghaffar Shahriari A, Mohkami A, Niazi A, Ghodoum Parizipour MH, Habibi-Pirkoohi M. Application of Brown Algae (Sargassum angustifolium) Extract for Improvement of Drought Tolerance in Canola (Brassica napus L.). Iran J Biotechnol 2021; 19:e2775. [PMID: 34179195 PMCID: PMC8217533 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Abiotic environmental stresses, especially drought stress, is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid regions. Like other major crops, Brassica napus is vulnerable to drought stress. Objective The present study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of Sargassum angustifolium extract on mitigating adverse effects of drought stress on B. napus seedlings during vegetative growth under greenhouse conditions. Materials and Methods Seedlings were periodically sprayed with the seaweed extract until they reached 7-leaf stage. Then water deficit stress was imposed and measurements were performed at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels on three phases: 80% field capacity for 20 days (Phase I), 60% field capacity for 20 days (Phase II) and 40% field capacity for 20 days (Phase III). Real-Time PCR assay was carried out to monitor the changes in expression of the genes involved in proline biosynthesis. Results Morphological measurements revealed that seaweed treatment improved shoot height and dry weight compared to control (p<0.05). Biochemical analyses indicated that foliar application of seaweed extract significantly enhanced the photosynthetic pigments' content, free radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.05). Moreover, proline content was significantly increased in plant tissues treated with seaweed extract (p<0.05). The results of Real-Time PCR assay showed that the increase in proline content is due to enhanced expression of P5CS which is involved in biosynthesis of proline, and to decreased expression of PRODH which catalyzes proline degradation. Conclusions Overall, the results obtained in this research suggest that application of S. angustifolium extract as a biostimulant is able to protect canola seedlings against deteriorating effects of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaffar Shahriari
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mohkami
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hamed Ghodoum Parizipour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Maziar Habibi-Pirkoohi
- Zist Pajoohan Baran Co, Afzalipour Incubator Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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