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Matijaković Mlinarić N, Marušić K, Brkić AL, Marciuš M, Fabijanić TA, Tomašić N, Selmani A, Roblegg E, Kralj D, Stanić I, Njegić Džakula B, Kontrec J. Microplastics encapsulation in aragonite: efficiency, detection and insight into potential environmental impacts. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024. [PMID: 38623703 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become a significant problem especially microplastics which can encapsulate into the skeletons of organisms that produce calcium carbonates, such as foraminifera, molluscs and corals. The encapsulation of microplastics into precipitated aragonite, which in nature builds the coral skeleton, has not yet been studied. It is also not known how the dissolved organic matter, to which microplastics are constantly exposed in aquatic ecosystems, affects the encapsulation of microplastics into aragonite and how such microplastics affect the mechanical properties of aragonite. We performed aragonite precipitation experiments in artificial seawater in the presence of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) microspheres, untreated and treated with humic acid (HA). The results showed that the efficiency of encapsulating PE and PE-HA microspheres in aragonite was higher than that for PS and PS-HA microspheres. The mechanical properties of resulting aragonite changed after the encapsulation of microplastic particles. A decrease in the hardness and indentation modulus of the aragonite samples was observed, and the most substantial effect occurred in the case of PE-HA microspheres encapsulation. These findings raise concerns about possible changes in the mechanical properties of the exoskeleton and endoskeleton of calcifying marine organisms such as corals and molluscs due to the incorporation of pristine microplastics and microplastics exposed to dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarina Marušić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Marijan Marciuš
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Aleksandrov Fabijanić
- The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Tomašić
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Atiđa Selmani
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Damir Kralj
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Stanić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Branka Njegić Džakula
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasminka Kontrec
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Feng Q, An C, Chen Z, Lee K, Wang Z. Identification of the driving factors of microplastic load and morphology in estuaries for improving monitoring and management strategies: A global meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122014. [PMID: 37336353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are one of the primary pathways for transferring microplastics (MPs) from the land to the ocean. A comprehensive understanding of the load, morphological characteristics, driving factors, and potential risks of MPs in estuaries is imperative to inform reliable management in this critical transboundary area. Extracted from 135 publications, a global meta-analysis comprising 1477 observations and 124 estuaries was conducted. MP abundance in estuaries was tremendously variable, reaching a mean of 21,342.43 ± 122,557.53 items/m3 in water and 1312.79 ± 6295.73 items/kg in sediment. Fibers and fragments take up a majority proportion in estuaries. Polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene are the most detected MP types. Around 68.73% and 85.51% of MPs detected in water and sediment are smaller than 1 μm. The redundancy analysis revealed that the explanatory factors influencing the morphological characteristics of MPs differed between water and sediment. Regression analysis shows that MP abundance in water is significantly inversely correlated with mesh/filter size, per capita plastic waste, and the Human Development Index, whereas it is significantly positively correlated with population density and share of global mismanaged plastic waste. MP abundance in sediment significantly positively correlated with aridity index and probability of plastic entering the ocean, while significantly negatively correlated with mesh/filter size. Analysis based on Geodector identified that the extraction method, density of flotation fluid, and sampling depth are the top three explanatory factors for MP abundance in water, while the share of global mismanaged plastic waste, the probability of plastic being emitted into the ocean, and population density are the top three explanatory factors for MP abundance in sediment. In the studied estuaries, 46.75% of the water and 2.74% of the sediment are categorized into extremely high levels of pollution, while 73.08% of the water and 43.48% of the sediment belong to class V of the potential ecological index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecosystem Science, Ottawa, K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
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Karkanorachaki K, Syranidou E, Maravelaki PN, Kalogerakis N. Intertwined synergistic abiotic and biotic degradation of polypropylene pellets in marine mesocosms. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131710. [PMID: 37276696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of plastic waste in the oceans has caused growing concern for its effects on marine life. The interactions of plastics with environmental factors have been linked to fragmentation to micro- and nanoparticles with different properties and consequences, but the mechanism of fragmentation has not been fully understood yet. In this work, we investigate the combined effect of marine communities and ultraviolet (UV) radiation towards the degradation of virgin and artificially weathered polypropylene (PP) pellets after a long-term incubation period in marine mesocosms. The surface chemical alterations and deterioration of the polymer, in conjunction with the attachment and evolution of marine bacterial communities, the development of biofilm and exopolymeric substances (EPS), as well as the colloidal properties (zeta-potential and hydrodynamic diameter) of the mesocosms were studied. The surface area of both types of pellets decreased over time, despite no concrete weight change being observed. Cell growth, EPS production and colloid particle size were correlated to the loss of area. Therefore, we propose that surface area could be effectively monitored, instead of weight loss, as an alternative indicator of polymer degradation in biodegradation experiments. Changes in the chemical structure of the polymer, in addition to the evolution of the biological factors, implied that a complex degradation process alternated between two phases: an abiotic phase, when UV irradiation contributes to the deterioration of the polymer surface layers and a biotic phase, when marine communities degrade the weathered polymer surface to reveal the underlying layer of virgin polymer. Finally, microscopic particles, produced as a result of the decrease in pellet area, promoted the aggregation of colloidal particles. The role and impacts of these colloidal particles in marine ecosystems are yet as unidentified as that of micro- and nano-sized plastic particles and call for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Karkanorachaki
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Evdokia Syranidou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | | | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece; Institute of GeoEnergy, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Chania, Greece.
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4
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Zhao L, Dou Q, Chen S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Du Y, Xie M. Adsorption abilities and mechanisms of Lactobacillus on various nanoplastics. Chemosphere 2023; 320:138038. [PMID: 36736839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of pollutants, nanoplastics (NPs), which are easily ingested by humans from food wraps, salt, drinking water, have been widely detected in various water environments, and are a threat to human health. It is therefore urgent to develop an efficient method to remove NPs from the diet or relief its harm. In the present study, the possibility of a well-known human probiotic, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), was evaluated to remove NPs from food as an absorbent. The results indicated that LAB from infant feces could efficiently absorb three types NPs, i.e. polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the adsorption rates of PP > PE > PVC (PP 78.57%, PE 71.59%, PVC 66.57%) and the Nile red-stained NPs being aggregated on the surfaces of Lactobacillus cells. The smaller the particle size, the stronger the ability of NP adsorption on the cell surface. The hydrophobicity of NPs and bacterial cells affected the adsorption process. The measurement of adsorption rates of different cell components indicated that the overall adsorption effect of cell was better than that of individual cell component. The results of molecular dynamics analysis revealed that adsorption was mainly caused by electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonds. The hydrophobic interaction was also involved in adsorption process. Overall, this research may provide new information for developing new strategies for NPs removal in intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qingnan Dou
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Shiyue Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yinbin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Wanrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yirong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Mengfei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
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Zhu M, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Hofmann T, Chen W. Eco-Corona Dictates Mobility of Nanoplastics in Saturated Porous Media: The Critical Role of Preferential Binding of Macromolecules. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:331-339. [PMID: 36574476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are an increasing environmental concern. In aquatic environments, nanoplastics will acquire an eco-corona by interacting with macromolecules (e.g., humic substances and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)). Here, we show that the properties of the eco-corona and, consequently, its ability to enhance the transport of nanoplastics vary significantly with the surface functionality of nanoplastics and sources of macromolecules. The eco-corona derived from the EPS of Gram-negative Escherichia coli MG1655 enhances the transport of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres in saturated porous media to a much greater extent than the eco-corona derived from soil humic acid and fulvic acid. In comparison, the eco-corona from all three sources significantly enhance the transport of carboxylated PS (HOOC-PS). We show that the eco-corona inhibits the deposition of the two types of nanoplastics to the porous media mainly via steric repulsion. Accordingly, an eco-corona consisting of a higher mass of larger-sized macromolecules is generally more effective in enhancing transport. Notably, HOOC-PS tends to acquire macromolecules of lower hydrophobicity than PS. The more disordered and flexible structures of such macromolecules may result in greater elastic repulsion between the nanoplastics and sand grains and, consequently, greater transport enhancement. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of eco-corona formation in regulating the mobility of nanoplastics, as well as the complexity of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhanhua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Pradel A, Catrouillet C, Gigault J. The environmental fate of nanoplastics: What we know and what we need to know about aggregation. NanoImpact 2023; 29:100453. [PMID: 36708989 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanoplastics in the environment has been proven. There is now an urgent need to determine how nanoplastics behave in the environment and to assess the risks they may pose. Here, we examine nanoplastic homo- and heteroaggregation, with a focus on environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models. We made a systematic analysis of experimental studies, and ranked the environmental relevance of 377 different solution chemistries, and 163 different nanoplastic particle models. Since polymer latex spheres are not environmentally relevant (due to their monodisperse size, spherical shape, and smooth surface), their aggregation behavior in natural conditions is not transferable to nanoplastics. A few recent studies suggest that nanoplastic particle models that more closely mimic incidentally produced nanoplastics follow different homoaggregation pathways than latex sphere particle models. However, heteroaggregation of environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models has seldom been studied. Despite this knowledge gap, the current evidence suggests that nanoplastics may be more sensitive to heteroaggregation than previously expected. We therefore provide an updated hypothesis about the likely environmental fate of nanoplastics. Our review demonstrates that it is essential to use environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models, such as those produced with top-down methods, to avoid biased interpretations of the fate and impact of nanoplastics. Finally, it will be necessary to determine how the heteroaggregation kinetics of nanoplastics impact their settling rate to truly understand nanoplastics' fate and effect in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pradel
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Charlotte Catrouillet
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France; Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Gigault
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France; TAKUVIK CNRS/Université Laval, IRL 3376, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
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7
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Kokilathasan N, Dittrich M. Nanoplastics: Detection and impacts in aquatic environments - A review. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157852. [PMID: 35944628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise in the global production of plastics has led to severe concerns about the impacts of plastics in aquatic environments. Although plastic materials degrade over extreme long periods, they can be broken down through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes to form microplastics (MPs), defined here as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm in size, and later to form nanoplastics (NPls), defined as particles <1 μm in size. We know little about the abundance and effects of NPls, even though a lot of research has been conducted on the ecotoxicological impacts of MPs on both aquatic biota. Nevertheless, there is evidence that NPls can both bypass the cell membranes of microorganisms and bioaccumulate in the tissues and organs of higher organisms. This review analyzes 150 publications collected by searching through the databases Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar using keywords such as nanoplastics*, aquatic*, detection*, toxic*, biofilm*, formation*, and extracellular polymeric substance* as singular or plural combinations. We highlight and critically synthesize current studies on the formation and degradation of NPls, NPls' interactions with aquatic biota and biofilm communities, and methods of detection. One reason for the missing data and studies in this area of research is the lack of a protocol for the detection of, and suitable methods for the characterization of, NPls in the field. Our primary aim is to identify gaps in knowledge throughout the review and define future directions of research to address the impacts of NPls in aquatic environments. The development of consistent and standardized sets of procedures would address the gaps in knowledge regarding the formation and degradation of NPls as well as sampling and characterizing natural NPls needed to observe the full extent of NPls on aquatic biota and biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigarsan Kokilathasan
- Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Maria Dittrich
- Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
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8
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Chang HM, Vazquez CI, Shiu RF, Chin WC. Temperature Effects on Effluent Microgel Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36432997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluent is considered an important hotspot of dissolved organic matter. The behavior and transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) regulate particle sedimentation, pollutant fate, microbial attachment, and biofilm formation. However, studies have so far focused on the transformation of marine and riverine organic matter, and the current knowledge of dEfOM behavior is still limited. Fluctuations in water conditions, especially temperature, may directly alter the size, assembly speed, and structure of microgels, thereby potentially disturbing fate and the transportation of organic matter. In this study, we firstly investigated the effects of temperature on the behavior and capacity of dEfOM assembly into microgels and the possible mechanism. The microgel size and granularity of dEfOM were monitored by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that, with regard to microgels, a higher temperature leads to a higher assembly capacity but also a decrease in the size distribution. By contrast, assembly at 4 °C reduces the relative assembly capacity but increases the microgel size and granularity. The size distribution of the formed microgels at the various temperatures was ordered as follows: 4 °C > 20 °C > 35 °C. The size reduction in dEfOM assembly may be closely tied to the enhancement of hydrophobic interactions. The reduction in microgel granularity in warm conditions (35 °C) in terms of the effluent water may be caused by thermally induced condensation. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effects of temperature on dEfOM assembly and can facilitate further relevant studies on aquatic organic particle formation during current global warming scenarios.
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Zhang R, Chen Y, Ouyang X, Weng L, Ma J, Shafiqul Islam M, Li Y. Resolving natural organic matter and nanoplastics in binary or ternary systems via UV–Vis analysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 632:335-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xu M, Gao L, Zhao B. The interaction of micro/nano plastics and the environment: Effects of ecological corona on the toxicity to aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113997. [PMID: 35988380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the micro/nano plastics (MNPs) exposure risks have risen in recent years. The ecological corona (EC), which is generated by the interaction between MNPs and environmental substances, has a significant impact on their environmental fate and ecological risks. As the largest sink of MNPs, the aquatic environment is of great significance for understanding the environmental behaviour of MNPs. Transmission Electron Microscope (TME), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and other analytical methods have been used as effective methods to analyse the formation process of EC and detect the existing EC directly or indirectly on the surface of MNPs. The physicochemical properties of MNPs, complex aquatic environments and ageing time have been identified as the key factors affecting EC formation in aquatic environments. Moreover, the EC absorbed on MNPs significantly changed their environmental behaviour and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This review gives a full understanding of the EC formation progress on the surface of MNPs and different analytical methods for EC have been summarised which can further assist the ecological risk assessment of MNPs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiming Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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11
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Su X, Yuan J, Lu Z, Xu J, He Y. An enlarging ecological risk: Review on co-occurrence and migration of microplastics and microplastic-carrying organic pollutants in natural and constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155772. [PMID: 35533864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are a key hub for the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) and have great load capacity to organic pollutants (OPs), thus, have been a hot research topic. It has shown that OPs adsorbed on MPs could be transported to anywhere and MP-associated biofilms also affects the co-occurrence of MPs and OPs. This would induce the desorption of MP-carrying OPs into environment again, increasing latent migration and convergence of MPs and OPs in wetlands. Considering MPs vector effect and MP-associated biofilms, it is necessary to integrate MPs information on its occurrence characteristics and migration behavior for an improved assessment of ecological risk brought by MPs and MP-carrying OPs to whole wetland ecosystems. In this review, we studied papers published from 2010 to 2020, focused on the interaction of MPs with OPs and the role of their co-occurrence and migration on ecological risk to wetlands. Results suggested the interaction between MPs and OPs dominated by adsorption altered their toxicity and environmental behavior, and the corresponding ecological risk induced by their co-occurrence to wetlands is various and complicated. Especially, constructed wetlands as the special hub for the migration of MPs and MP-carrying OPs might facilitate their convergence between natural and constructed wetlands, posing a potential enlarging ecological risk to whole wetlands. Since the study of MPs in wetlands has still been in a primary stage, we hope to provide a new sight to set forth the potential harm of MPs and MP-carrying OPs to wetlands and useful information for follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Shiu RF, Chen LY, Lee HJ, Gong GC, Lee C. New insights into the role of marine plastic-gels in microplastic transfer from water to the atmosphere via bubble bursting. Water Res 2022; 222:118856. [PMID: 35863277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pervasiveness of microplastics (MPs) in global oceans is raising concerns about their adverse impacts on ecosystems. The mechanistic understanding of MP transport is critical for evaluating its fate, flux, and ecological risks specifically. Currently, bubble bursting is believed to represent an important route for MP transfer from sea surfaces to the atmosphere. However, the detailed mechanisms of the complex physico-chemical interactions between MPs, water composition, and gel particles in the air-sea interface remain unknown. Our results suggested three steps for MP transfer between air-sea phases: (1) MPs incorporating into gel aggregates in the water column; (2) further accumulation of plastic-gel aggregate in the surface layer phase; finally (3) ejection of aggregates from the sea when bubbles of trapped air rise to the surface and burst. The water composition (e.g., high salinity, gel concentration and viscosity) can modulate plastic-gel aggregation and subsequent transport from water to the atmosphere. The possible mechanism may be closely tied to the formation of plastic-gel via cation-linking bridges, thereby enhancing plastic-gel ejection into air. Collectively, this work offers unique insights into the role of marine plastic-gels in determining MP fate and transport, especially at air-sea interfaces. The data also provide a better understanding of the corresponding mechanism that may explain the fates of missing plastics in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Lu-Yi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ching Gong
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Chuping Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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13
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Li J, Ma S, Li X, Wei W. Adsorption of Tannic Acid and Macromolecular Humic/Fulvic Acid onto Polystyrene Microplastics: A Comparison Study. Water 2022; 14:2201. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been widely reported to influence the environmental behavior of microplastics (MPs), but little is known about the properties and mechanisms of interaction between specific DOM components and MPs. Here, we studied the adsorption of three representative DOM components (humic acid, HA; fulvic acid, FA; and tannic acid, TA) on polystyrene (PS) MPs in batch adsorption experiments. Results revealed that HA/FA adsorption was greater under acidic conditions, while higher TA adsorption on PS was found at pH 4 and 6. The divalent cation (Ca2+) exerted a more prominent role in enhancing HA, FA, and TA adsorption on PS than did monovalent ones (K+ and Na+). The adsorption process fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption site heterogeneity was evaluated using the site energy distribution analysis based on the Freundlich model. The greater binding ability of HA on the PS surface caused a more negatively charged surface than FA/TA, as reflected by Zeta potential values. The findings of this study not only provide valuable information about the adsorption behavior and interaction processes of various DOM components on PS MPs, but also aid our efforts to evaluate the environmental behaviors of MPs.
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14
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Ding L, Luo Y, Yu X, Ouyang Z, Liu P, Guo X. Insight into interactions of polystyrene microplastics with different types and compositions of dissolved organic matter. Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153883. [PMID: 35182636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as newly emerging pollutants, may interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) widely present in the environment after entering the environment, thereby influencing the migration and transformation of MPs. The interaction characteristics and mechanism between DOM and MPs are restricted by many factors, and the current mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we explored the combination of MP with different types and compositions of DOM (fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA)). Adsorption experiments revealed that MP has high adsorption affinity for all four DOMs, particularly FA. Meanwhile, the affinity of MP-DOM was also examined using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) analyses and fluorescence quenching method (excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC)). Aromatic substances and hydrophobic substances dominate all DOM samples. For all DOM types tested, the quenching curve varies considerably with the type and compositions of DOM. In addition, three fluorescent components exhibited significant fluorescence quenching over time. The interaction mechanism of MPs and DOM at the molecular level was further elucidated by utilizing two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) correlation spectroscopy (COS) analysis, which revealed that the oxygen-containing functional group in MPs was the most preferred DOM binding structure. This work was facilitated to explore the environmental behavior of MPs and formation of secondary MPs under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Thammatorn W, Palić D. Potential Risks of Microplastic Fomites to Aquatic Organisms with Special Emphasis on Polyethylene-Microplastic-Glyphosate Exposure Case in Aquacultured Shrimp. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:5135. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic litter is increasingly becoming pervasive in aquatic environments, characterized by circulatory patterns between different compartments and continual loading with new debris. Microplastic pollution can cause a variety of effects on aquatic organisms. This review presents the current knowledge of microplastics distribution and sorption capacity, reflecting on possible bioaccumulation and health effects in aquatic organisms. A model case study reveals the fate and toxic effects of glyphosate, focusing on the simultaneous exposure of aquacultured shrimp to polyethylene and glyphosate and their contact route and on the potential effects on their health and the risk for transmission of the contaminants. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of glyphosate-sorbed polyethylene microplastics in shrimp are not well understood, although individual effects have been studied extensively in various organisms. We aim to delineate this knowledge gap by compiling current information regarding the co-exposure to polyethylene microplastic adsorbed with glyphosate to assist in the assessment of the possible health risks to aquacultured shrimp and their consumers.
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16
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Seena S, Gutiérrez IB, Barros J, Nunes C, Marques JC, Kumar S, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of low concentrations of nanoplastics on leaf litter decomposition and food quality for detritivores in streams. J Hazard Mater 2022; 429:128320. [PMID: 35114454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In forested streams, leaf litter decomposition is a vital ecosystem process, governed primarily by aquatic hyphomycetes. These fungi are crucial mediators of nutrients and energy to invertebrates and higher trophic levels. Very little information is available on the impact of low concentrations of different sizes of nanoplastic particles (NPPs) on leaf litter decomposition and aquatic hyphomycetes communities. Besides, NPPs impact on leaf litter nutritional quality and invertebrate feeding behaviour is unknown. We conducted a microcosm assay with varying concentrations (0-25 μg L-1) of small (100 nm; SNPPs) and large (1000 nm; LNPPs) plastic particles to assess their impact on leaf litter decomposition, sporulation rates and community structure of aquatic hyphomycetes. Furthermore, leaf litter was retrieved and fed to invertebrates to assess feeding rates. Our results indicated that leaf litter decomposition, fungal sporulation and abundance were significantly affected by NPPs concentrations and sizes. By contrast, leaf litter nutritional quality was impacted only by sizes. The NPPs, particularly SNPPs, augmented leaf litter polyunsaturated fatty acids (18-31%), consequently improving food quality; however, invertebrates' feeding rates were not impacted. Overall, our study provides novel insights on the risks posed by NPPs with pronounced impact at the basal trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Seena
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.
| | - Irene B Gutiérrez
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Juliana Barros
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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17
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Caldwell J, Taladriz-Blanco P, Lehner R, Lubskyy A, Ortuso RD, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. The micro-, submicron-, and nanoplastic hunt: A review of detection methods for plastic particles. Chemosphere 2022; 293:133514. [PMID: 35016963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particle pollution has been shown to be almost completely ubiquitous within our surrounding environment. This ubiquity in combination with a variety of unique properties (e.g. density, hydrophobicity, surface functionalization, particle shape and size, transition temperatures, and mechanical properties) and the ever-increasing levels of plastic production and use has begun to garner heightened levels of interest within the scientific community. However, as a result of these properties, plastic particles are often reported to be challenging to study in complex (i.e. real) environments. Therefore, this review aims to summarize research generated on multiple facets of the micro- and nanoplastics field; ranging from size and shape definitions to detection and characterization techniques to generating reference particles; in order to provide a more complete understanding of the current strategies for the analysis of plastic particles. This information is then used to provide generalized recommendations for researchers to consider as they attempt to study plastics in analytically complex environments; including method validation using reference particles obtained via the presented creation methods, encouraging efforts towards method standardization through the reporting of all technical details utilized in a study, and providing analytical pathway recommendations depending upon the exact knowledge desired and samples being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Caldwell
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Taladriz-Blanco
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland; Water Quality Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), A v. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Roman Lehner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland; Sail & Explore Association, Kramgasse 18, 3011, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andriy Lubskyy
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Diego Ortuso
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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18
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Zhang YN, Cheng F, Zhang T, Li C, Qu J, Chen J, Peijnenburg WJGM. Dissolved Organic Matter Enhanced the Aggregation and Oxidation of Nanoplastics under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation in Water. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3085-3095. [PMID: 35174701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a new type of pollutant of high concern that is ubiquitous in aqueous environments. However, the transport and transformation of NPs in natural waters are not yet fully understood. In this study, the aggregation and photooxidation of NPs were assessed with nanosized polystyrene (PS) as an example, and the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated with Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) as representative DOM. The results showed that simulated sunlight irradiation exhibited negligible effects on the aggregation of PS, while SRFA enhanced its heteroaggregation through hydrophobic interactions. In SRFA solutions, photooxidation of PS with a particle size of 200 nm was observed, which led to an increase in the O/C ratio on its surface at a rate of (2.20 ± 0.40) × 10-2 h-1. This indicates the promotional effect of SRFA on the oxidation of nanosized PS, which is attributed to the generation of the excited triplet state (3SRFA*), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Among these reactive species, 1O2 played a crucial role in the oxidation of PS. The findings in this study are helpful for an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior of NPs in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
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19
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Yip YJ, Lee SSC, Neo ML, Teo SLM, Valiyaveettil S. A comparative investigation of toxicity of three polymer nanoparticles on acorn barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite). Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150965. [PMID: 34662627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from plastic waste is increasingly prevalent in the environment and beginning to generate significant adverse impact on the health of living organisms. In this study, we investigate the toxicity of polymer nanoparticles exposed to Acorn Barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) nauplii, as an animal model. Highly stable aqueous dispersion of luminescent nanoparticles from three common polymers: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinylchloride (PVC), were prepared via nanoprecipitation and fully characterised. Exposure studies of these polymer particles to freshly spawned barnacle nauplii were performed within a concentration range from 1 to 25 mg/L under laboratory-controlled conditions. The exposure to PMMA and PS nanoparticles did not show detrimental toxicity and did not cause sufficient mortality to compute a LC50 value. However, PVC nanoparticles were significantly toxic with a mortality rate of up to 99% at 25 mg/L, and the calculated LC50 value for PVC nanoparticles was 7.66 ± 0.03 mg/L, 95% CI. Interestingly, PVC nanoparticle aggregates were observed to adhere to the naupliar carapace and appendages at higher concentrations and could not be easily removed by washings. To explore the possibility of chemical toxicity of polymer nanoparticles, analysis of the polymer powders which was used to prepare the nanoparticles was conducted. The presence of low molecular weight oligomers such as dimers, trimers and tetramers were observed in all polymer samples. The chemical nature and concentration of such compounds are likely responsible for the observed toxicity to the barnacle nauplii. Overall, our study shows that care should be exercised in generalising the findings of exposure studies performed using one type of plastic particles, as the use of different plastic particles may elicit different responses inside a living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jie Yip
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Serina Siew Chen Lee
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Neo
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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20
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Lin J, Xu XM, Yue BY, Xu XP, Liu JZ, Zhu Q, Wang JH. Multidecadal records of microplastic accumulation in the coastal sediments of the East China Sea. Chemosphere 2021; 270:128658. [PMID: 33757274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are an emerging hazard in the marine environment, and considered to eventually sink into sediments. An investigation into the long-term variation of microplastic accumulation in sediment cores is essential for understanding the historical trend of this contamination and its response to human activities. In this study, the multidecadal changes of microplastic abundances in two sediment cores from the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) were revealed by two methods, i.e., a visual enumeration method based on scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and a quantitative method based on microplastic-derived carbon (MPC) abundances. The features of microplastics were determined via SEM-EDS and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR). The results reveal a multidecadal increasing trend of microplastic accumulation in the coastal sediments of the ECS since the 1960s, which may be jointly governed by the release of plastic wastes and oceanographic dynamics. Meanwhile, the breakpoint of the exponential growth of microplastics in the ECS occurs in 2000 AD, which well matches the rapid increasing of plastic production and consumption in China. Further, based on the MPC contents in sediments, the influence of microplastics on the quantitative evaluation of carbon storage in the ECS has been examined for the first time, revealing an insignificant (<2% before 2014 AD) but potentially-increasing (6.8% by 2025 AD) contribution of microplastics to carbon burial. Our results may provide the important data for evaluating and mitigating the impact of microplastics on the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Bei-Ying Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiang-Po Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jin-Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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21
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Venel Z, Tabuteau H, Pradel A, Pascal PY, Grassl B, El Hadri H, Baudrimont M, Gigault J. Environmental Fate Modeling of Nanoplastics in a Salinity Gradient Using a Lab-on-a-Chip: Where Does the Nanoscale Fraction of Plastic Debris Accumulate? Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:3001-3008. [PMID: 33566594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the flow and diffusion of nanoplastics through a salinity gradient (SG), as observed in mangrove swamps (MSPs), influence their aggregation pathways. These two parameters have never yet been used to evaluate the fate and behavior of colloids in the environment, since they cannot be incorporated into classical experimental setups. Land-sea continuums, such as estuaries and MSP systems, are known to be environmentally reactive interfaces that influence the colloidal distribution of pollutants. Using a microfluidic approach to reproduce the SG and its dynamics, the results show that nanoplastics arriving in a MSP are fractionated. First, a substantial fraction rapidly aggregates to reach the microscale, principally governed by an orthokinetic aggregation process and diffusiophoresis drift. These large nanoplastic aggregates eventually float near the water's surface or settle into the sediment at the bottom of the MSP, depending on their density. The second, smaller fraction remains stable and is transported toward the saline environment. This distribution results from the combined action of the spatial salt concentration gradient and orthokinetic aggregation, which is largely underestimated in the literature. Due to nanoplastics' reactive behavior, the present work demonstrates that mangrove and estuarine systems need to be better examined regarding plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélie Venel
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR6118, CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
- EPOC, UMR5805, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Hervé Tabuteau
- IPR, UMR6251, CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Alice Pradel
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR6118, CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Pascal
- UMR 7138 Evolution Paris-Seine, Equipe Biologie de la Mangrove, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université des Antilles, Pointe-a-Pitre 97157, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- IPREM, UMR5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau 64053, France
| | - Hind El Hadri
- IPREM, UMR5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau 64053, France
| | | | - Julien Gigault
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR6118, CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
- TAKUVIK, UMI3376, CNRS/Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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22
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Gaylarde CC, Baptista Neto JA, da Fonseca EM. Nanoplastics in aquatic systems - are they more hazardous than microplastics? Environ Pollut 2021; 272:115950. [PMID: 33303235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation of plastic materials into nanoparticles of less than 1000 nm (secondary nanoplastics) and their possible accumulation in the environment is a recent matter of concern. There are still no suitable standard methods for determining the concentrations and chemical makeup of these particles in aquatic systems and the fate and effect of nanoplastics in the aquatic environment has been little explored, although there has been research using engineered nanoparticles as models. In this review, we give a summary of the (mainly laboratory-based) studies on the influences of nanoplastics. We aim to provide an updated overview of this emerging topic, reviewing the literature mainly from 2018 onwards and considering the effects of nanoplastics on ecosystems, their uptake and transport of polluting molecules, and the challenges that are faced by workers in this area. The review includes 119 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Gaylarde
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Oklahoma University, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca
- Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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23
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Shiu RF, Vazquez CI, Chiang CY, Chiu MH, Chen CS, Ni CW, Gong GC, Quigg A, Santschi PH, Chin WC. Nano- and microplastics trigger secretion of protein-rich extracellular polymeric substances from phytoplankton. Sci Total Environ 2020; 748:141469. [PMID: 33113698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The substantial increase in plastic pollution in marine ecosystems raises concerns about its adverse impacts on the microbial community. Microorganisms (bacteria, phytoplankton) are important producers of exopolymeric substances (EPS), which govern the processes of marine organic aggregate formation, microbial colonization, and pollutant mobility. Until now, the effects of nano- and micro-plastics on characteristics of EPS composition have received little attention. This study investigated EPS secretion by four phytoplankton species following exposure to various concentrations of polystyrene nano- and microplastics (55 nm nanoparticles; 1 and 6 μm microparticles). The 55 nm nanoparticles induced less growth/survival (determined on a DNA basis) and produced EPS with higher protein-to-carbohydrate (P/C) ratios than the exposure to microplastic particles. The amount of DNA from the four marine phytoplankton showed a higher negative linear correlation with increasing P/C ratios, especially in response to nanoplastic exposure. These results provide evidence that marine phytoplankton are quite sensitive to smaller-sized plastics and actively modify their EPS chemical composition to cope with the stress from pollution. Furthermore, the release of protein-rich EPS was found to facilitate aggregate formation and surface modification of plastic particles, thereby affecting their fate and colonization. Overall, this work offers new insights into the potential harm of different-sized plastic particles and a better understanding of the responding mechanism of marine phytoplankton for plastic pollution. The data also provide needed information about the fate of marine plastics and biogenic aggregation and scavenging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Carlos I Vazquez
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chang-Ying Chiang
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Meng-Hsuen Chiu
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; National Life Science, Inc., Sacramento, CA 95660, USA; Kaiser Biotech, Inc., Sacramento, CA 95660, USA
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Ni
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Gwo-Ching Gong
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Atmospheric plastic pollution is now a global problem. Microplastics (MP) have been detected in urban atmospheres as well as in remote and pristine environments, showing that suspension, deposition and aeolian transport of MP should be included and considered as a major transport pathway in the plastic life cycle. This work reports an up to date review of the experimental estimation of deposition rate of MP in rural and urban environment, also analyzing the correlation with meteorological factors. Due to the limitations in sampling and instrumental methodology, little is known about MP and nanoplastics (NP) with sizes lower than 50 µm. In this review, we describe how NP could be transported for longer distances than MP, making them globally present and potentially more concentrated than MP. We highlight that it is crucial to explore new methodologies to collect and analyze NP. Future research should focus on the development of new technologies, combining the existent knowledge on nanomaterial and atmospheric particle analysis.
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25
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Pathan SI, Arfaioli P, Bardelli T, Ceccherini MT, Nannipieri P, Pietramellara G. Soil Pollution from Micro- and Nanoplastic Debris: A Hidden and Unknown Biohazard. Sustainability 2020; 12:7255. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate, properties and determination of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soil are poorly known. In fact, most of the 300 million tons of plastics produced each year ends up in the environment and the soil acts as a log-term sink for these plastic debris. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss MP and NP pollution in soil as well as highlighting the knowledge gaps that are mainly related to the complexity of the soil ecosystem. The fate of MPs and NPs in soil is strongly determined by physical properties of plastics, whereas negligible effect is exerted by their chemical structures. The degradative processes of plastic, termed ageing, besides generating micro-and nano-size debris, can induce marked changes in their chemical and physical properties with relevant effects on their reactivity. Further, these processes could cause the release of toxic oligomeric and monomeric constituents from plastics, as well as toxic additives, which may enter in the food chain, representing a possible hazard to human health and potentially affecting the fauna and flora in the environment. In relation to their persistence in soil, the list of soil-inhabiting, plastic-eating bacteria, fungi and insect is increasing daily. One of the main ecological functions attributable to MPs is related to their function as vectors for microorganisms through the soil. However, the main ecological effect of NPs (limited to the fraction size < than 50 nm) is their capacity to pass through the membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Soil biota, particularly earthworms and collembola, can be both MPs and NPs carriers through soil profile. The use of molecular techniques, especially omics approaches, can gain insights into the effects of MPs and NPs on composition and activity of microbial communities inhabiting the soil and into those living on MPs surface and in the gut of the soil plastic-ingesting fauna.
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26
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Gangadoo S, Owen S, Rajapaksha P, Plaisted K, Cheeseman S, Haddara H, Truong VK, Ngo ST, Vu VV, Cozzolino D, Elbourne A, Crawford R, Latham K, Chapman J. Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea. Sci Total Environ 2020; 732:138792. [PMID: 32442765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer contamination is a major pollutant in all waterways and a significant concern of the 21st Century, gaining extensive research, media, and public attention. The polymer pollution problem is so vast; plastics are now observed in some of the Earth's most remote regions such as the Mariana trench. These polymers enter the waterways, migrate, breakdown; albeit slowly, and then interact with the environment and the surrounding biodiversity. It is these biodiversity and ecosystem interactions that are causing the most nervousness, where health researchers have demonstrated that plastics have entered the human food chain, also showing that plastics are damaging organisms, animals, and plants. Many researchers have focused on reviewing the macro and micro-forms of these polymer contaminants, demonstrating a lack of scientific data and also a lack of investigation regarding nano-sized polymers. It is these nano-polymers that have the greatest potential to cause the most harm to our oceans, waterways, and wildlife. This review has been especially ruthless in discussing nano-sized polymers, their ability to interact with organisms, and the potential for these nano-polymers to cause environmental damage in the marine environment. This review details the breakdown of macro-, micro-, and nano-polymer contamination, examining the sources, the interactions, and the fates of all of these polymer sizes in the environment. The main focus of this review is to perform a comprehensive examination of the literature of the interaction of nanoplastics with organisms, soils, and waters; followed by the discussion of toxicological issues. A significant focus of the review is also on current analytical characterisation techniques for nanoplastics, which will enable researchers to develop protocols for nanopolymer analysis and enhance understanding of nanoplastics in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeana Gangadoo
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephanie Owen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Katie Plaisted
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel Cheeseman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hajar Haddara
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Viet Nam
| | - Van V Vu
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Russell Crawford
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kay Latham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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27
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Abdurahman A, Cui K, Wu J, Li S, Gao R, Dai J, Liang W, Zeng F. Adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on polystyrene microplastics in aquatic environments: Kinetic, isotherm and site energy distribution analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 198:110658. [PMID: 32339926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. The adsorption behavior of DOM on microplastics in aquatic environments is a prominent concern. In this study, the adsorption of two types of DOM, Suwannee River Humic Acid (HA) and Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (FA), on polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs, 10 μm) in aquatic environments was investigated. The adsorption of both HA and FA on PSMPs could be well described by using pseudo second-order and Freundlich models. The adsorption of HA and FA on PSMPs was low pH-dependent, particularly for FA adsorption. However, the elevated ionic strength slightly increased the adsorption of HA and FA on PSMPs. Based on Freundlich model, the site energy distribution of HA and FA adsorption on PSMPs under the experimental conditions were estimated. HA and FA first occupied the high-energy adsorption sites and then diffused to the low-energy adsorption sites on PSMPs. With higher site energies, HA demonstrated a much stronger adsorption affinity to PSMPs than FA. The adsorption site heterogeneity (σe*) on PSMPs under the experimental conditions were close. Hydrophobic interaction and π-π electron donor acceptor interaction acted simultaneously in the HA and FA adsorption on PSMPs. The results of this study suggested that the environmental behaviors of microplastics would be influenced by the amount and the type of DOM as well as solution chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abliz Abdurahman
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Kunyan Cui
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Testing and Analysis Centre, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330030, China
| | - Shuocong Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiqian Liang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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28
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Grassi G, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, Paccagnini E, Faleri C, Lupetti P, Corsi I, Morelli E. Interplay between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from a marine diatom and model nanoplastic through eco-corona formation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 725:138457. [PMID: 32302847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of nanoplastics in oceans' surface waters is no more a hypothesis and it could severely affect marine organisms from different trophic levels. Nanoscale particles interaction with dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) significantly influence their behaviour and consequently bioavailability and toxicity to marine species. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are among the main components of the NOM pool in seawater yet have been so far little investigated for their effect in altering the physical-chemical properties of nanosized objects. Here we employed EPS from marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to study the evolution of an eco-corona formation upon incubation with 60 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-COOH NPs), as proxy for nanoplastics in seawater. EPS significantly reduced PS-COOH NPs aggregation rate compared to biomolecule free natural seawater (NSW) and caused the formation of complexes constituted by both carbohydrate and protein components. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) revealed four main distinct groups of peaks, spanning from high (>100 kDa) to low molecular weight (20 kDa) molecules, characterized by a high chemical heterogeneity. The lowering of the chromatographic signals detected after EPS incubation with PS-COOH NPs, mainly in the eluates at high molecular weight, suggests that an important fraction of EPS remained adsorbed on PS-COOH NPs. In agreement, SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins adsorbed on PS-COOH showed the occurrence of an eco-corona formed by proteins in the range of molecular weight 30-100 kDa. No toxicity to diatoms was observed upon PS-COOH exposure (72 h, 1-100 mg L-1) even by adding a further source of exogenous EPS during exposure. Moreover, the addition of EPS reduced ROS production, even when cells were incubated with PS-COOH NPs at 10 and 50 mg L-1, suggesting an antioxidant scavenging activity of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 4 via Mattioli, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 4 via Mattioli, 53100 - Siena (IT); 2 via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 4 via Mattioli, 53100 - Siena (IT); 2 via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 4 via Mattioli, 53100 - Siena (IT); 2 via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 4 via Mattioli, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Morelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Shiu RF, Vazquez CI, Tsai YY, Torres GV, Chen CS, Santschi PH, Quigg A, Chin WC. Nano-plastics induce aquatic particulate organic matter (microgels) formation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135681. [PMID: 31780163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of plastic waste in the aquatic environment is widely viewed as one of the most serious environmental challenges for current and future generations. Microplastics ultimately degrade into nano and smaller-sizes. In turn, their biological and ecological impacts become more complicated and ambiguous. Nano-plastic particles travel from freshwater systems to estuarine and oceanic regions, during which they can interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) to form microgels. Microgel formation is ubiquitous in aquatic systems, serving as a shunt between DOM and particulate organic matter (POM), as well as playing key roles in particle aggregation/sedimentation and pollutant transport. Currently the influences and mechanisms of the aggregation behavior and environmental fate of nano-plastics in different aquatic environments is poorly understood. Here, we report that 25 nm polystyrene nano-particles in lake and river water can promote POM (microgel) formation and accelerate the DOM-POM transition. We also adjusted various salinities of water samples to simulate scenarios based on plastic transport in waters flowing from rivers to seas. The results indicate polystyrene nanoparticles can interact with organic matter to form large organic particles, which may undergo further settling in response to specific salinity levels. Polystyrene-induced microgel formation appears to involve the hydrophobic interactions between plastics and DOM. Our data provides much needed information for modeling and understanding the retention and sedimentation of nano-plastics. We show that nano-plastics alter the DOM-POM shunt to cause unanticipated perturbations in the functionality of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Carlos I Vazquez
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Yi-Yen Tsai
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Gabriela V Torres
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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30
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Yu F, Yang C, Zhu Z, Bai X, Ma J. Adsorption behavior of organic pollutants and metals on micro/nanoplastics in the aquatic environment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 694:133643. [PMID: 31756812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris becomes currently a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and is susceptible to contamination by many other pollutants, including aqueous metals and organic matter. This review summarizes the effects of environmental factors on the properties and sorption behavior of microplastics, presents a further discussion on the fate of microplastics adsorption on contaminants, and critically discusses the mechanism of sorption behaviors between micro/nanoplastics and normal contaminants. Previous references indicated that the hydrophobicity and particle sizes of microplastics were the dominant influence factors for virgin plastic debris adsorption, whereas for aged microplastics, hydrogen bonding, hydrophilicity and increasing specific surface ratio affected the adsorption behavior. The effects of pH and salinity always influence the sorption conditions by changing the charge state of microplastics and contaminants and causing competing adsorption. In addition, the existence of microplastics affects biotoxicity, increases the dissolved organic matter in the environment, and influences carbon cycling. The knowledge is fundamental to the assessment of potential risks posed by microplastics to organisms from human beings to the entire environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Changfu Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xueting Bai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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31
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Luo H, Xiang Y, He D, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Pan X. Leaching behavior of fluorescent additives from microplastics and the toxicity of leachate to Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Total Environ 2019; 678:1-9. [PMID: 31075575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical additives leaching from microplastics and their effects on physiology of microalgae are of environmental significance. So far, these issues remain unclear. Here, the leaching behavior of fluorescent additives from polyurethane sponge microplastics in simulated (acidic, saline, and basic water) and natural waters (river, lake, wetland, and sea water) was investigated. Release amount of additives increased with increasing solution pH and leaching time. The maximum release amount was reached at the leaching time of 12-24 h and the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-like substances were identified in the leachate. The leached concentrations of fluorescent additives in simulated and natural waters followed the order of basic water > saline water > seawater > West Lake > River > Wetland. Effects of leachate and microplastics on growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris were further evaluated. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased with increasing leachate concentrations. Only high content (1.6 g L-1) of microplastics exerted significant inhibitory influence on cell photosynthesis when microalgae were exposed to microplastics alone. Retention of algal cells inside the porous sponge microplastics did not change their photosynthetic efficiency. These findings indicate that leaching process of additives from microplastics depends mainly on water environments and the leached chemicals may pose ecological risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yahui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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32
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Gomiero A, Øysæd KB, Agustsson T, van Hoytema N, van Thiel T, Grati F. First record of characterization, concentration and distribution of microplastics in coastal sediments of an urban fjord in south west Norway using a thermal degradation method. Chemosphere 2019; 227:705-714. [PMID: 31022671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is of increasing concern in the aquatic environment. A large proportion of plastic waste is generated onshore from where it eventually reaches the marine environment, which is considered the main sink of plastic debris To date there is a substantial lack of knowledge on the composition of these accumulated polymers, their environmental levels and distribution in marine and coastal areas. Current efforts are underway to develop standardized methods to characterize and quantify the occurrence of microplastic in different environmental matrices using microscopy-oriented methods using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) or Raman techniques. However, time-consuming sample preparation, processing and interpretation of complex data limits their use within monitoring programs. As an alternative, a thermal degradation method based on a gas chromatographic mass spectrometer coupled with pyrolysis represents a validated method for qualitative and quantitative polymer analyses. A technique has been developed that combines sample preparation and thermo-analysis for identifying microplastics in samples of marine sediment. Quantification and polymeric composition of plastic particles found in sediment samples taken from ten sites located in Boknafjorden subjected to diverse sources of pollution and anthropogenic pressure were investigated. Plastic microparticles were extracted from 8 kg of wet sediments per site, purified, size-fractionated thorough a set of stainless-steel certified sieves covering the range of 10-250 μm mesh size, pre-concentrated on fiberglass filters and whole filters analyzed by thermal desorption pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Most of the detected polymers were identified as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene or polyamide. In most of the sites, the largest fraction of the extracted micro debris fell in the size range 10-40 μm. Some shifts in size distribution were also observed in some sites and were likely related to the marine sea bottom currents and the influence of specific anthropogenic activities. The adopted thermal degradation method showed good sensitivity, reliability and rapidity and therefore represents a promising technique for microplastic analysis within monitoring activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nanne van Hoytema
- Lowestoft Laboratory, The Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
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33
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Tallec K, Blard O, González-Fernández C, Brotons G, Berchel M, Soudant P, Huvet A, Paul-Pont I. Surface functionalization determines behavior of nanoplastic solutions in model aquatic environments. Chemosphere 2019; 225:639-646. [PMID: 30901657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris are classified as a function of their size and recently a new class was proposed, the nanoplastics. Nano-sized plastics have a much greater surface area to volume ratio than larger particles, which increases their reactivity in aquatic environment, making them potentially more toxic. Only little information is available about their behavior whereas it crucially influences their toxicity. Here, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) to explore the influence of environmental factors (fresh- and saltwater, dissolved organic matter) on the behavior (surface charge and aggregation state) of three different nano-polystyrene beads (50 nm), with (i) no surface functionalization (plain), (ii) a carboxylic or (iii) an amine functionalization. Overall, the positive amine particles were very mildly affected by changes in environmental factors with no effect of the salinity gradient (from 0 to 653 mM) and of a range 1-30 μg.L-1 and 1-10 μg.L-1 of organic matter in artificial seawater and ultrapure water, respectively. These observations are supposedly linked to a coating specificity leading to repulsive mechanisms. In contrast, the stability of the negatively charged carboxylic and plain nanobeads was lost under an increasing ionic strength, resulting in homo-aggregation (up to 10 μm). The increase in organic matter content had negligible effect on these two nanobeads. Analysis performed over several days demonstrated that nanoplastics formed evolving dynamic structures detected mainly with an increase of the homo-aggregation level. Thus, surface properties of given polymers/particles are expected to influence their fate in complex and dynamic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Océane Blard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Guillaume Brotons
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, CNRS UMR 6521, CEMCA, IFR 148 ScInBios, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Chiu MH, Vazquez CI, Shiu RF, Le C, Sanchez NR, Kagiri A, Garcia CA, Nguyen CH, Tsai SM, Zhang S, Xu C, Santschi PH, Quigg A, Chin WC. Impact of exposure of crude oil and dispersant (Corexit) on aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:1535-1542. [PMID: 30677919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spilled oil treated with Corexit dispersant can cause unintended impacts on marine environment systems including altering marine organic matter dynamics; however, impacts on microgels and marine oil snow (MOS) formation are still debated and remain to be fully understood. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a major source of marine organic carbon for MOS and microgel formation. EPS initial aggregation plays key roles in the oil degrading process and various biogeochemical reactions. Here we used four types of EPS with water accommodated fraction (WAF), chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF) and Corexit, to represent potential situations during oil spills and post-application of Corexit. We found that Corexit alone can inhibit EPS aggregation and disperse pre-existing microgels. CEWAF can enhance EPS aggregation with efficiency by up to 80%-100% and more aggregates accumulated within the air-water interface. Additionally, more hydrophobic EPS aggregates showed high resistance to Corexit dispersion while hydrophilic EPS were more sensitive. Effects of oil spills on marine gel particle formation are primarily determined by chemical characteristics (hydrophobicity and protein content) of the constituent EPS. This study offers unique insights for organic particle dynamics and identifies controlling factors for MOS or gel particles associated with oil spills and Corexit dispersant used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuen Chiu
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; National Life Science, Inc., Sacramento, CA 95660, USA; Kaiser Biotech, Inc., Sacramento, CA 95660, USA
| | - Carlos I Vazquez
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Ruei-Feng Shiu
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Clarence Le
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Nicole R Sanchez
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Agnes Kagiri
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Cynthia A Garcia
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chanh H Nguyen
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Shih-Ming Tsai
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Saijin Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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Zhang TR, Wang CX, Dong FQ, Gao ZY, Zhang CJ, Zhang XJ, Fu LM, Wang Y, Zhang JP. Uptake and Translocation of Styrene Maleic Anhydride Nanoparticles in Murraya exotica Plants As Revealed by Noninvasive, Real-Time Optical Bioimaging. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:1471-1481. [PMID: 30605315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the in vivo uptake and translocation of PNPs in the one-year grown terrestrial plant, Murraya exotica ( M. exotica), as investigated by two-photon excitation and time-resolved (TPE-TR) optical imaging with a large field of view (FOV, 32 × 32 mm2) in a noninvasive and real-time manner. The PNPs (⟨ Rh⟩ = 12 ± 4.5 nm) synthesized from poly(styrene- co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) were Eu-luminescence labeled (λL ≈ 617 nm). On exposing the roots of living M. exotica plants to the colloidal suspension of SMA PNPs at different concentrations, the spatiotemporal evolution of SMA PNPs along plant stems (60 mm in length) were monitored by TPE-TR imaging, which rendered rich information on the uptake and translocation of PNPs without any interference from the autofluorescence of the plant tissues. The TPE-TR imaging combined with the high-resolution anatomy revealed an intercell-wall route in the lignified epidermis of M. exotica plants for SMA PNP uptake and translocation, as well as the similar accumulation kinetics at different positions along the plant stems. We modeled the accumulation kinetics with Gaussian distribution to account for the trapping probability of a SMA PNP by the lignified cell walls, allowing the statistical parameters, the average trapping time ( tm) and its variance (σ), to be derived for the quantification of the PNP accumulation in individual plants. The TPE-TR imaging and the analysis protocols established herein will be helpful in exploring the mechanism of plant-PNP interaction under physiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Chuan-Xi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Feng-Qin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Zhi-Yue Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Chao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Xian-Juan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
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Lei Z, Li Q, Song X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Peng C, Tian L. Biochar mitigates dissolved organic carbon loss but does not affect dissolved organic nitrogen leaching loss caused by nitrogen deposition in Moso bamboo plantations. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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