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Campylobacter and Arcobacter species in food-producing animals: prevalence at primary production and during slaughter. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:146. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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On S, Brett B, Horan S, Erskine H, Lin S, Cornelius AJ. Isolation and genotyping of Campylobacter species from kiwi (Apteryx spp.) in captivity: implications for transmission to and from humans. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:134-137. [PMID: 30731043 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1580167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp. in captive kiwi (Apteryx spp.) and compare their genotypic profiles with those of human and animal origin, in order to assess their potential for zoonotic or zooanthroponotic transmission. METHODS Conventional selective enrichment and filter-based isolation methods were applied to isolate Campylobacter spp. from fresh faecal samples from 12 North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) and one great spotted kiwi (A. haastii), housed in one of five different areas in a kiwi sanctuary in Christchurch, New Zealand. Isolates were identified using multiplex PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High-resolution rapid genotyping using multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification-based binary typing (MBiT) was applied and profiles compared with similar results from 2,165 Campylobacter spp. isolates contained in a database derived from human clinical, veterinary and environmental samples. RESULTS One isolate of C. jejuni, and one belonging to the C. lari phylogenetic group were recovered from faeces from two kiwi. High-resolution rapid genotyping by MBiT demonstrated these to be indistinguishable from isolates obtained previously from human cases of diarrhoea, and others from chicken, cattle, sheep and water. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for potential zoonotic or zooanthroponotic transmission of Campylobacter spp. in kiwi with implications for management of birds kept in captivity. We believe this is the first formal report of C. jejuni and a C. lari-like organism in kiwi. ABBREVIATIONS MBiT: Multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification-based binary typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slw On
- a Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln University , Lincoln , New Zealand.,b Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - B Brett
- c Willowbank Wildlife Reserve , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - S Horan
- c Willowbank Wildlife Reserve , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - H Erskine
- b Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - S Lin
- b Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - A J Cornelius
- b Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Courtice JM, Mahdi LK, Groves PJ, Kotiw M. Spotty Liver Disease: A review of an ongoing challenge in commercial free-range egg production. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:112-118. [PMID: 30473340 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spotty Liver Disease is an acute infectious disease of layer chickens that was likely first described in the USA and Canada in the 1950s and 1960's. The disease occurs almost exclusively in barn and free-range production systems. Outbreaks usually, but not exclusively occur in young layers (≅25 weeks) at peak of lay. Indicators of SLD include an acute drop in egg production of up to 35%, together with increased mortality of up to 15%. A presumptive diagnosis at post mortem is made with the detection of characteristic small yellow-white necrotic hepatic lesions, together with a fibrinous peri-hepatitis, excess pericardial and peritoneal fluid, and usually enteritis with diarrhoea. Histopathology reveals a multifocal acute hepatocellular necrosis with fibrin and occasional haemorrhage. Control measures trialled include use of antibiotics, improved biosecurity and hygiene, as well as management practices directed at reducing stress in flocks. However, none other than treatment with antibiotics has been consistently effective which suggested a bacterial aetiology. In 2015, a novel fastidious thermophilic, microaerobic campylobacter was isolated from symptomatic SLD flocks in the UK. Subsequently, an Australian group isolated and further characterised a genetically similar bacterium and named it Campylobacter hepaticus. The bacterium can be cultured from the liver and bile of infected birds, although recovery from non-sterile organs such as the caecum and duodenum remains elusive. Consequently, the route of transmission remains unconfirmed, although molecular detection by PCR of C. hepaticus DNA in the gastrointestinal tract and faeces of SLD infected birds is highly suggestive of a faecal-oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Maree Courtice
- Vaccine & Molecular Innovation RPT, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Layla Khalid Mahdi
- Vaccine & Molecular Innovation RPT, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Peter John Groves
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Michael Kotiw
- Vaccine & Molecular Innovation RPT, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
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Casagrande Proietti P, Pergola S, Bellucci S, Menchetti L, Miraglia D, Franciosini M. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. on fresh and refrigerated chicken meat products in Central Italy. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2895-2901. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Firlieyanti AS, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Campylobacters and their bacteriophages from chicken liver: The prospect for phage biocontrol. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:121-127. [PMID: 27565524 PMCID: PMC5064024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of foods containing chicken liver has been associated with Campylobacter enteritis. Campylobacters can contaminate the surface of livers post-mortem but can also arise through systemic infection of colonising bacteria in live birds. The use of bacteriophage to reduce levels of Campylobacter entering the food chain is a promising intervention approach but most phages have been isolated from chicken excreta. This study examined the incidence and contamination levels of Campylobacter and their bacteriophage in UK retail chicken liver. Using enrichment procedures, 87% of 109 chicken livers were surface contaminated with Campylobacter and 83% contaminated within internal tissues. Direct plating on selective agar allowed enumeration of viable bacteria from 43% of liver samples with counts ranging from 1.8->3.8log10CFU/cm2 for surface samples, and 3.0->3.8log10CFU/g for internal tissue samples. Three C. jejuni isolates recovered from internal liver tissues were assessed for their ability to colonise the intestines and extra-intestinal organs of broiler chickens following oral infection. All isolates efficiently colonised the chicken intestines but were variable in their abilities to colonise extra-intestinal organs. One isolate, CLB104, could be recovered by enrichment from the livers and kidneys of three of seven chickens. Campylobacter isolates remained viable within fresh livers stored at 4°C over 72h and frozen livers stored at -20°C over 7days in atmospheric oxygen, and therefore constitute a risk to human health. Only three Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages were isolated, and these exhibited a limited host range against the Camplylobacter chicken liver isolates. All were identified as group III virulent bacteriophage based on their genome size of 140kb. The application of broad host range group II virulent phages (8log10PFU/g) to liver homogenates containing C. jejuni strains of diverse origin at 4°C resulted in modest but significant reductions in the viable counts ranging from 0.2 to 0.7log10CFU/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antung S Firlieyanti
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
| | - Phillippa L Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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Nwankwo IO, Faleke OO, Salihu MD, Magaji AA, Musa U, Garba J, Ibitoye EB. Detection and viability of Campylobacter species isolates from different species of poultry and humans in Sokoto State, Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2016.19-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sahin O, Kassem II, Shen Z, Lin J, Rajashekara G, Zhang Q. Campylobacter in Poultry: Ecology and Potential Interventions. Avian Dis 2015; 59:185-200. [PMID: 26473668 DOI: 10.1637/11072-032315-review] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian hosts constitute a natural reservoir for thermophilic Campylobacter species, primarily Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and poultry flocks are frequently colonized in the intestinal tract with high numbers of the organisms. Prevalence rates in poultry, especially in slaughter-age broiler flocks, could reach as high as 100% on some farms. Despite the extensive colonization, Campylobacter is essentially a commensal in birds, although limited evidence has implicated the organism as a poultry pathogen. Although Campylobacter is insignificant for poultry health, it is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and contaminated poultry meat is recognized as the main source for human exposure. Therefore, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of interventions to diminish Campylobacter contamination in poultry, with the intention to reduce the burden of food-borne illnesses. During the past decade, significant advance has been made in understanding Campylobacter in poultry. This review summarizes the current knowledge with an emphasis on ecology, antibiotic resistance, and potential pre- and postharvest interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Jun Lin
- C Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Qijing Zhang
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Robyn J, Rasschaert G, Pasmans F, Heyndrickx M. Thermotolerant Campylobacter during Broiler Rearing: Risk Factors and Intervention. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:81-105. [PMID: 33401809 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacters are one of the most important bacterial causative agents of human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In most European Union (EU) member states human campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli following consumption or inadequate handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. To date, no effective strategy to control Campylobacter colonization of broilers during rearing is available. In this review, we describe the public health problem posed by Campylobacter presence in broilers and list and critically review all currently known measures that have been researched to lower the numbers of Campylobacter bacteria in broilers during rearing. We also discuss the most promising measures and which measures should be investigated further. We end this review by elaborating on readily usable measures to lower Campylobacter introduction and Campylobacter numbers in a broiler flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robyn
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium.,the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
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9
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Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from farmed game. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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10
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Rahimi E, Ameri M. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from raw chicken, turkey, quail, partridge, and ostrich meat in Iran. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Díaz-Sánchez S, Moriones AM, Casas F, Höfle U. Prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. in the intestinal flora of farm-reared, restocked and wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa): is restocking using farm-reared birds a risk? EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Cuomo A, Dipineto L, Santaniello A, Matteoli G, Sarli T, Vecchia DD, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Italy. Vet J 2007; 174:439-41. [PMID: 16959506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the period January 2004 to December 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter. A total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. Among the isolates, 48 were identified as Campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as Campylobacter coli. Campylobacter lari was not isolated. The ostriches, although apparently in a healthy body condition, can be considered, theoretically, as potential Campylobacter carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Malik-Kale P, Raphael BH, Parker CT, Joens LA, Klena JD, Quiñones B, Keech AM, Konkel ME. Characterization of genetically matched isolates of Campylobacter jejuni reveals that mutations in genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis alter the organism's virulence potential. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3123-36. [PMID: 17369342 PMCID: PMC1907099 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01399-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic evidence suggests that not all Campylobacter jejuni isolates are pathogenic for humans. We hypothesized that differences in gene content or gene expression alter the degree of pathogenicity of C. jejuni isolates. A C. jejuni isolate (Turkey) recovered from a turkey and a second C. jejuni isolate (CS) recovered from a chicken differed in their degrees of in vitro and in vivo virulence. The C. jejuni Turkey isolate invaded INT 407 human epithelial cells and secreted the Cia (Campylobacter invasion antigen) proteins, while the C. jejuni CS isolate was noninvasive for human epithelial cells and did not secrete the Cia proteins. Newborn piglets inoculated with the C. jejuni Turkey isolate developed more severe clinical signs of campylobacteriosis than piglets inoculated with the C. jejuni CS isolate. Additional work revealed that flagellin was not expressed in the C. jejuni CS isolate. Microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that all flagellar class II genes were significantly downregulated in the C. jejuni CS isolate compared to the C. jejuni Turkey isolate. Finally, nucleotide sequencing of the flgR gene revealed the presence of a single residue that was different in the FlgR proteins of the C. jejuni Turkey and CS isolates. Complementation of the C. jejuni CS isolate with a wild-type copy of the flgR gene restored the isolate's motility. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that critical differences in gene content or gene expression can alter the pathogenic potential of C. jejuni isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Malik-Kale
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4233, USA
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with animal health and welfare risks associated with the import of wild birds other than poultry into the European Union. EFSA J 2006; 4:410. [PMID: 32313576 PMCID: PMC7163484 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Newell
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Mixter PF, Klena JD, Flom GA, Siegesmund AM, Konkel ME. In vivo tracking of Campylobacter jejuni by using a novel recombinant expressing green fluorescent protein. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2864-74. [PMID: 12732559 PMCID: PMC154531 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.5.2864-2874.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of food-borne disease in developed countries. The goal of this study was to develop a plasmid-based reporter system with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to facilitate the study of C. jejuni in a variety of niches. C. jejuni transformants harboring the pMEK91 GFP gene (gfp)-containing vector were readily detectable by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Given the ease of detecting these organisms, additional experiments were performed in which BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with C. jejuni harboring the gfp-containing vector. Four hours after injection of the mice, flow cytometry analyses determined that C. jejuni synthesizing GFP were predominantly associated with granulocytes. More specifically, the proportion of CD11b(+) Gr-1(+) lavage neutrophils with green fluorescence ranged from 99.7 to 100%, while the proportion of CD11b(+) Gr-1(-) lavage macrophages ranged from 77.0 to 80.0%. In contrast, few CD11b(-) CD45R(+) B lymphocytes from the lavage of the C. jejuni-injected mice were associated with green-fluorescent C. jejuni (proportions ranged from 0.75 to 0.77%). Cell-free C. jejuni was recovered from tissue homogenates after intraperitoneal injection. Macrorestriction profiling with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a genotypic variant of the C. jejuni F38011 wild-type isolate. In vivo this variant displayed a phenotype identical to that of the wild-type isolate. In summary, we demonstrate that C. jejuni associates with marker-defined cellular subsets in vivo with a novel gfp reporter system and that C. jejuni genotypic variants can be isolated from both in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Mixter
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4234, USA
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On SLW, Jordan PJ. Evaluation of 11 PCR assays for species-level identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:330-6. [PMID: 12517869 PMCID: PMC149560 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.1.330-336.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2002] [Revised: 07/15/2002] [Accepted: 10/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the sensitivity and specificity of 11 PCR assays described for the species identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by using 111 type, reference, and field strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, and Campylobacter lari. For six assays, an additional 21 type strains representing related Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species were also included. PCR tests were initially established in the laboratory by optimizing conditions with respect to five type and reference strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari. One PCR test for C. coli failed to give appropriate results during this initial setup phase and was not evaluated further. The remaining 10 assays were used to examine heated lysate and purified DNA templates as appropriate of well-characterized type, reference, and field strains of C. jejuni (n = 62), C. coli (n = 34), and C. lari (n = 15). The tests varied considerably in their sensitivity and specificity for their respective target species. No assay was found to be 100% sensitive and/or specific for all C. jejuni strains tested, but four assays for C. coli gave appropriate responses for all strains examined. Between one and six strains of C. jejuni gave amplicons in four of seven C. jejuni PCR tests only where purified DNA was used as the template; corresponding results were seen with one strain of C. coli in each of three assays for the latter species. Our findings indicate that a polyphasic strategy for PCR-based identification should be used to identify C. jejuni and C. coli strains. The data may assist laboratories in selecting assays suited for their needs and in designing evaluations of future PCR tests aimed to identify these species.
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Newell DG. Animal models of Campylobacter jejuni colonization and disease and the lessons to be learned from similar Helicobacter pylori models. SYMPOSIUM SERIES (SOCIETY FOR APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY) 2001:57S-67S. [PMID: 11422561 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D G Newell
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
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Kokotovic B, On SL. High-resolution genomic fingerprinting of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 173:77-84. [PMID: 10220884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for high-resolution genomic fingerprinting of the enteric pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, based on the determination of amplified fragment length polymorphism, is described. The potential of this method for molecular epidemiological studies of these species is evaluated with 50 type, reference, and well-characterised field strains. Amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprints comprised over 60 bands detected in the size range 35-500 bp. Groups of outbreak strains, replicate subcultures, and 'genetically identical' strains from humans, poultry and cattle, proved indistinguishable by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting, but were differentiated from unrelated isolates. Previously unknown relationships between three hippurate-negative C. jejuni strains, and two C. coli var. hyoilei strains, were identified. These relationships corresponded to available epidemiological data. We conclude that this amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting method may be a highly effective tool for molecular epidemiological studies of Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kokotovic
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Copenhagen V, Denmark
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On SL. In vitro genotypic variation of Campylobacter coli documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoretic DNA profiling: implications for epidemiological studies. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 165:341-6. [PMID: 9742707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Six isolates of Campylobacter coli from different pig herds were subcultured up to 50 times over a 6-month period and DNA samples suitable for pulsed-field gel electrophoretic (PFGE) profiling prepared at regular (1, 20, 40 and 50 passages) intervals. In 5/6 strains, changes in the banding patterns of Sma1, Sal1 and/or BamH1 digests were observed. In one such strain the differences were considered artifactual. However, significant alterations in PFGE profiles between subcultures of four strains were seen, irrespective of the restriction enzyme used. Spontaneous intramolecular genomic rearrangements were considered the most likely mechanism for the changes observed. A numerical analysis based upon the combined distribution of Sma1- and sal1-derived fragments clustered most strain subcultures together, with the exception of those from one isolate which were divided into two clusters. The effect of spontaneous genetic change on PFGE profiles must be considered when evaluating strain relationships. Numerical techniques may aid data interpretation but results must be evaluated cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L On
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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