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Codazzi V, Frontino G, Galimberti L, Giustina A, Petrelli A. Mechanisms and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Endocrine 2024; 84:16-28. [PMID: 38133765 PMCID: PMC10987369 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. The diagnostic criteria for MetS in adults are well-established, but there is currently no consensus on the definition in children and adolescents. The etiology of MetS is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. While genetic predisposition explains only a small part of MetS pathogenesis, modifiable environmental risk factors play a significant role. Factors such as maternal weight during pregnancy, children's lifestyle, sedentariness, high-fat diet, fructose and branched-chain amino acid consumption, vitamin D deficiency, and sleep disturbances contribute to the development of MetS. Early identification and treatment of MetS in children and adolescents is crucial to prevent the development of chronic diseases later in life. In this review we discuss the latest research on factors contributing to the pathogenesis of MetS in children, focusing on non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including genetics, dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Godinho N, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A, Caldas Afonso A, Sousa T, Correia-Costa L. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress among prepubertal children with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:42-51. [PMID: 38054937 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender-related differences in oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study involving 313 prepubertal children (8-9 years old) from the generation XXI birth-cohort. METHODS Anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic variables, and redox markers were assessed, including plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOX, U-NOX), and urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2). RESULTS Girls showed higher levels of total/non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to boys. Notably, U-H2O2 values were lower in girls. When stratifying by body mass index (BMI) and gender, both girls and boys exhibited higher MPO concentration and U-Isop values. Uric acid concentration was higher in overweight and obese girls than in normal weight girls, while no significant differences were observed among boys across BMI categories. Furthermore, U-NOX values differed only in boys, with higher levels observed in overweight and obese individuals compared to those with normal weight. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and BMI z-score, demonstrated inverse associations between U-H2O2 and pulse wave velocity values, as well as between U-NOX and total or non-HDL cholesterol, exclusively in boys. In girls, a positive association between U-Isop and HOMA-IR values was observed. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, gender differentially impacts oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children. Prepubertal girls appear more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunction, while in boys, elevated levels of redox and nitric oxide bioavailability markers seem to provide protection against arterial stiffness and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Godinho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
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Świątkiewicz I, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Woźniak A. The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076382. [PMID: 37047352 PMCID: PMC10094567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of CVD is mostly attributed to the aging population and common occurrence of risk factors, such as high systolic blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and increased body mass index, which led to a global epidemic of obesity, MetS, and T2D. Oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders largely contribute to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CMDs, such as systemic essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and MetS. Enhanced and disturbed generation of reactive oxygen species in excess adipose tissue during obesity may lead to increased oxidative stress. Understanding the interplay between adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic risks can have translational impacts, leading to the identification of novel effective strategies for reducing the CMDs burden. The present review article is based on extant results from basic and clinical studies and specifically addresses the various aspects associated with oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders in the course of CMDs in subjects with excess adipose tissue accumulation. We aim at giving a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives for further basic and clinical research. We provide insights into both the mechanisms and clinical implications of effects related to the interplay between adiposity and oxidative stress for treating and preventing CMDs. Future basic research and clinical trials are needed to further examine the mechanisms of adiposity-enhanced oxidative stress in CMDs and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies for reducing risk and improving outcome of patients with CMDs.
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Al-thepyani M, Algarni S, Gashlan H, Elzubier M, Baz L. Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234944. [PMID: 36500974 PMCID: PMC9737220 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with many health problems. One of the new trends in health care is the emphasis on regular exercise and a healthy diet. Zeaxanthin (Zea) is a carotenoid with many beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of Zea and exercise had therapeutic effects on obesity induced by an HFD in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of twelve: rats fed a standard diet; rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD); rats fed an HFD with Zea; rats fed an HFD with Exc; and rats fed an HFD with both Zea and Exc. To induce obesity, rats were fed an HFD for twelve weeks. Then, Zea and exercise were introduced with the HFD for five weeks. The results showed that the HFD significantly increased visceral adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers and reduced insulin, high-density lipoprotein, and antioxidant parameters. Treatments with Zea, Exc, and Zea plus Exc reduced body weight gain, triacylglycerol, glucose, total cholesterol, and nitric oxide levels and significantly increased catalase and insulin compared with the HFD group. This study demonstrated that Zea administration and Exc performance appeared to effectively alleviate the metabolic alterations induced by an HFD. Furthermore, Zea and Exc together had a better effect than either intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Al-thepyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha Algarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Gashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Arancibia-Riveros C, Carrasco-Jimenez JC, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2140. [PMID: 36358511 PMCID: PMC9686949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = -0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Arancibia-Riveros
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Lara-Guzmán ÓJ, Rivera DA, Corrales-Agudelo V, Salazar-Jaramillo L, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Medina S, Oger C, Durand T, Galano JM, Escobar JS, Muñoz-Durango K, Sierra JA. Dietary antioxidant intake is inversely associated with 2,3-dinor oxylipin metabolites, the major excreted oxylipins in overweight and obese subjects. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:42-54. [PMID: 35933054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, are associated with elevated oxidative stress biomarkers like oxylipins. Increased adiposity by itself induces various isomers of this oxidized lipid family, while dietary polyphenols show benefits in its regulation. Previously, we showed that specific co-abundant microorganisms characterized the gut microbiota of Colombians and associated differentially with diet, lifestyle, obesity, and cardiometabolic health status, which led us to hypothesize that urinary oxylipins would reflect the intensity of oxidative metabolism linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Thus, we selected a convenience sample of 105 participants (age: 40.2 ± 11.9 years, 47.6% women), grouped according to microbiota, cardiometabolic health status, and body mass index (BMI); and evaluated 33 urinary oxylipins by HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS (e.g., isoprostanes, prostaglandins, and metabolites), paired with anthropometry and blood chemistry information and dietary antioxidants estimated from a 24-h food recall. In general, oxylipins did not show differences among individuals who differed in gut microbiota. While the unmetabolized oxylipin levels were not associated with BMI, the total content of oxylipin metabolites was highest in obese and cardiometabolically abnormal subjects (e.g., insulin resistant), mainly by prostaglandin-D (2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α) and 15-F2t-IsoPs (2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP and 2,3-dinor-15-epi-15-F2t-IsoP) metabolites. The total polyphenol intake in this cohort was 1070 ± 627 mg/day. After adjusting for body weight, the polyphenol intake was significantly higher in lean than overweight and showed an inverse association with dinor-oxylipin levels in principal component analysis. These results suggest that the 2,3-dinor-oxylipins could be more specific biomarkers associated with BMI than their parent oxylipins and that are sensitive to be regulated by dietary antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar J Lara-Guzmán
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Diego A Rivera
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Laura Salazar-Jaramillo
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan S Escobar
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Jelver A Sierra
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia.
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Peng S, Lu T, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu F, Sun J, Chen M, Wang H, Xiang H. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents may affect renal function via oxidative stress: A longitudinal panel study. Chemosphere 2022; 293:133570. [PMID: 35007609 PMCID: PMC8976286 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been reported to increase the risks of chronic kidney disease. However, limited research has assessed the effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on renal function, and the underlying mechanism has not been well characterized. We aimed to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with kidney indicators and to explore the roles of systematic oxidative stress and inflammation in the association. We conducted a longitudinal panel study among 35 healthy adults before-, intra- and after-the 2019 Wuhan Military World Games. We repeatedly measured 6 renal function parameters and 5 circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at 6 rounds of follow-ups. We monitored hourly personal PM2.5 concentrations with 3 consecutive days and measured 10 metals (metalloids) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) components. The linear mixed-effect models were applied to examine the association between PM2.5 and renal function parameters, and the mediation analysis was performed to explore potential bio-pathways. PM2.5 concentrations across Wuhan showed a slight decrease during the Military Games. We observed significant associations between elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and PM2.5 and its several metals and PAHs components. For an interquartile range (IQR) increase of PM2.5, BUN increased 0.42 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.69). On average, an IQR higher of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IPY) were associated with 0.90, 0.65, 0.29, 0.27, 0.26 and 0.90 mmol/L increment of BUN, respectively. Moreover, superoxide dismutase was positively associated with PM2.5 and mediated 18.24% association. Our research indicated that exposure to PM2.5 might affect renal function by activating oxidative stress pathways, in which the constituents of Pb, Cd, As, Se, Tl and IPY might contribute to the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Peng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianjun Lu
- Department of Earth Science and Geography, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria St, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Meijin Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, 430024, China.
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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9
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Genovesi S, Giussani M, Orlando A, Lieti G, Viazzi F, Parati G. Relationship between endothelin and nitric oxide pathways in the onset and maintenance of hypertension in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:537-545. [PMID: 34085102 PMCID: PMC8921137 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate blood pressure are numerous and complex; one mechanism that plays an important role in this scenario is represented by the balance between the vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 and the vasodilator effect of nitric oxide. While there is agreement on the fact that increased endothelin-1 activity and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability are present in hypertensive adults, the situation is less clear in children and adolescents. Not all studies agree on the finding of an increase in plasma endothelin-1 levels in hypertensive children and adolescents; in addition, the picture is often confused by the concomitant presence of obesity, a condition that stimulates the production of endothelin-1. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that, in younger obese and hypertensive subjects, there is an overproduction of nitric oxide, rather than a reduction. This condition may change over time, causing endothelial dysfunction due to a reduced availability of nitric oxide in hypertensive adolescents. The purpose of this review is to address the main biochemical and pathophysiological aspects of endothelin and nitric oxide involvement in hypertension and to summarize the available scientific evidence on their role in the onset and maintenance of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Giussani
- grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871Department of Internal Medicine, University of Study and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy ,grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Bélanger V, Benmoussa A, Napartuk M, Warin A, Laverdière C, Marcoux S, Levy E, Marcil V. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Health of Children During Cancer Treatment and Potential Impact of Key Nutrients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:293-318. [PMID: 33386063 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The 5-year survival rate of childhood cancers is now reaching 84%. However, treatments cause numerous acute and long-term side effects. These include cardiometabolic complications, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and increased fat mass. Recent Advances: Many antineoplastic treatments can induce oxidative stress (OxS) and trigger an inflammatory response, which may cause acute and chronic side effects. Critical Issues: Clinical studies have reported a state of heightened OxS and inflammation during cancer treatment in children as the result of treatment cytotoxic action on both cancerous and noncancerous cells. Higher levels of OxS and inflammation are associated with treatment side effects and with the development of cardiometabolic complications. Key nutrients (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary antioxidants, probiotics, and prebiotics) have the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses and, therefore, could be considered in the search for adverse complication prevention means as long as antineoplastic treatment efficiency is maintained. Future Directions: There is a need to better understand the relationship between cardiometabolic complications, OxS, inflammation and diet during pediatric cancer treatment, which represents the ultimate goal of this review. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 293-318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Alexandre Warin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Marcoux
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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11
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Leite-Almeida L, Morato M, Cosme D, Afonso J, Areias JC, Guerra A, Caldas Afonso A, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T, Correia-Costa L. Impact of physical activity on redox status and nitric oxide bioavailability in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:116-124. [PMID: 33309779 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status might contribute to variations induced by physical activity (PA) in redox status biomarkers. We investigated the influence of PA on redox status and nitric oxide (NO) production/metabolism biomarkers in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years (163 nonoverweight, 150 overweight/obese) followed since birth in a cohort study (Generation XXI, Porto, Portugal). Plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were assessed, as well as their association with variables of reported PA quantification (categories of PA frequency (>1x/week and ≤1x/week)and continuous PA index (obtained by the sum of points)) in a questionnaire with increasing ranks from sedentary to vigorous activity levels. U-NOx was significantly higher in children who presented higher PA index scores and higher PA frequency. Separately by BMI classes, U-NOx was significantly higher only in nonoverweight children who practiced PA more frequently (p = 0.037). In overweight/obese children, but not in nonoverweight, P-TAS was higher among children with higher PA frequency (p = 0.007). Homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower in more active overweight/obese children, but no differences were observed in nonoverweight children. In the fully adjusted multivariate linear regression models for P-TAS, in the overweight/obese group, children with higher PA frequency presented higher P-TAS. In the U-NOx models, U-NOx significantly increased with PA index, only in nonoverweight children. Our results provide additional evidence in support of a protective effect of physical activity, in nonoverweight by increasing NO bioavailability and in overweight/obese children by enhancing systemic antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of engaging in regular physical exercise, particularly among overweight/obese children, in which a positive association between oxidant status and cardiometabolic risk markers has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leite-Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences & LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Areias
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Reina-Couto M, Afonso J, Carvalho J, Morgado L, Ronchi FA, de Oliveira Leite AP, Dias CC, Casarini DE, Bettencourt P, Albino-Teixeira A, Morato M, Sousa T. Interrelationship between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure patients with or without renal impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Yao Y, Chen DY, Yin JW, Zhou L, Cheng JQ, Lu SY, Li HH, Wen Y, Wu Y. Phthalate exposure linked to high blood pressure in Chinese children. Environ Int 2020; 143:105958. [PMID: 32688158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to phthalate esters may be linked to the risk of high blood pressure (HBP), but limited evidence is available in Chinese children. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between nine phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and systolic/diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the risk of HBP. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1044 primary school children (6-8 years old) were enrolled from Shenzhen, China, between 2016 and 2017. Nine mPAEs were analyzed from urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A multivariable linear regression model was used to explore the associations between phthalate exposure and systolic/diastolic BP, PP, and MAP. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between phthalate exposure and the risk of HBP. RESULTS Monomethyl phthalate (MMP) concentrations were significantly higher in HBP children than normal BP children. MMP, monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate, mono-[(2-carboxy methyl)hexyl] phthalate (MCMHP), the sum of four short-chain mPAEs (∑LMW), and the sum of all nine mPAEs (∑9mPAEs) were significantly positively associated with increases in systolic BP z-score, while only MMP was significantly positively associated with diastolic BP z-score. MMP, MiBP, MnBP, MCMHP, ∑LMW, and ∑9mPAEs were significantly associated with increases in PP, while MMP and MnBP were significantly associated with increases in MAP. MMP was significantly associated with the risk of HBP, with an odds ratio of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.85). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that dimethyl phthalate exposure increases the risk of HBP. And some types of phthalates are associated with elevations in systolic/diastolic BP z scores, PP, and MAP in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ding-Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Yin
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shao-You Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong-Hua Li
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Polidori N, Giannini C, Salvatore R, Pelliccia P, Parisi A, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Role of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 as biomarkers of early kidney injury in obese prepubertal children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1183-1189. [PMID: 32845866 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Childhood obesity is an important cause of end-stage renal disease. To date, available markers do not characterize kidney changes, especially in the early stages. kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are already detected before the onset of proteinuria or alterations of glomerular filtration rate and thus might represent biomarkers that directly reflect kidney injury. Methods We characterize kidney injury in a group of 40 obese-prepubertal children compared to 29-healthy age- and gender matched-peers. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were determined. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of insulin, glucose, lipid profile, transaminases, cystatin C and creatinine. Urine samples were collected to assess urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and urinary isoprostanes. Kidney length was measured with ultrasound evaluation. Differences between the two groups were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore relationship between variables. Results Triglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio and cystatin C values were significantly higher in obese children than normal weight peers. Creatinine values were normal and similar between the two groups, while isoprostanes were higher in obese. Obese children had larger kidney sizes, indicating organ hypertrophy. NGAL and KIM-1 were increased in obese children compared to controls. A significant association between NGAL and KIM-1 with adiposity indices, insulin status and markers of oxidative stress postulated a possible effect of obesity in inducing kidney abnormalities. KIM-1 and NGAL are directly related respectively to cystatin C and isoprostanes, supporting the ability of these biomarkers in reflecting early kidney damages in obese subjects. Conclusions These findings suggest that obese subjects exhibit a certain degree of renal damage before kidney function loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Adriana Parisi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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González-Domínguez Á, Visiedo-García FM, Domínguez-Riscart J, González-Domínguez R, Mateos RM, Lechuga-Sancho AM. Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5529. [PMID: 32752277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in the 21st century, since its prevalence has widely increased in recent years. Childhood obesity is intimately related to the development of several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these comorbidities and associated pathological conditions, obesity has been closely linked to important perturbations in iron metabolism. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, but its bioavailability is hampered by its ability to form highly insoluble oxides, with iron deficiency being the most common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it may also cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Thus, iron homeostasis and metabolism must be tightly regulated in humans at every level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation of any step involved in iron metabolism may lead to iron deficiencies and, eventually, to the anemic state related to obesity. In this review article, we summarize the existent evidence on the role of the most recently described components of iron metabolism and their alterations in obesity.
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16
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Bessa J, Albino-Teixeira A, Reina-Couto M, Sousa T. Endocan: A novel biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring in human cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:310-335. [PMID: 32710940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is localized at the interface between the blood and surrounding tissues, playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue-fluid homeostasis and in the regulation of host defense, inflammation, vascular tone and remodeling, angiogenesis and haemostasis. The dysfunctional endothelium was shown to be implicated in the pathophysiology of several endothelial-dependent disorders, such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease, in which it is an early predictor of cardiovascular events. Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulphate proteoglycan mainly secreted by the activated endothelium. It is upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors and may itself contribute to the inflammatory status. In addition of being a surrogate marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, it seems to be involved in the regulation of several proliferative and neovascularization processes. Therefore, its utility as a biomarker in a wide spectrum of diseases has been increasingly explored. Here, we review the current evidence concerning the role of endocan in several human cardiovascular and renal diseases, where it seems to be a promising biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bessa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Morandi A, Corradi M, Piona C, Fornari E, Puleo R, Maffeis C. Systemic anti-oxidant capacity is inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in children with obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:508-513. [PMID: 31791638 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction is a candidate driver of obesity-related hypertension. We aimed to assess whether the total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) was associated with blood pressure in children/adolescents with obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and fifty-two children/adolescents with obesity (79 boys; age 11.9+/-2.5 years) underwent blood drawing for the assessment of TAC, lipids and HOMA-IR. Blood pressure was measured and classified according to the latest American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines. Serum TAC was measured by a commercial kit (Sigma-Aldrich). The average TAC was 1.11+/-0.4 mMol/Trolox equivalents. Systolic blood pressure was predicted by TAC (B = -5.8, p = 0.003), z-BMI (B = 2.39, p = 0.008), height [cm] (B = 0.38, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (B = 0.56, p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure was predicted by age [years] (B = 0.58, p = 0.001), log-HOMA-IR (B = 3.0, p = 0.002), and systolic blood pressure (B = 0.26, p < 0.001), but not by TAC. The pulse pressure was predicted only by TAC (B = - 6.6, p = 0.002), and height [cm] (B = 0.42, p < 0.001). Overall "elevated blood pressure + hypertension" or hypertension alone were not associated with TAC. However, systolic "elevated blood pressure + hypertension" was associated with TAC (OR = 0.4 [0.1-0.9], p = 0.037), and z-BMI (OR = 2.1 [1.3-3.6], p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The systemic anti-oxidant capacity is inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in children and adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corradi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Piona
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fornari
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rossella Puleo
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Chung KH, Chiou HY, Chang JS, Chen YH. Associations of nitric oxide with obesity and psychological traits among children and adolescents in Taiwan. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12593. [PMID: 31786830 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings concerning nitric oxide (NO) in children and adolescents with obesity are scant. OBJECTIVE This study examined the links of NO with obesity and psychological traits (ie, self-concept, anxiety, depression, anger and disruptive behaviour) in children and adolescents in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 564 first, fourth and seventh graders (314 children with overweight/obesity and 250 children with normal weight) completed an in-hospital health examination in 2010. All students received a physical examination, underwent blood sample collection and completed a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for analyses. RESULTS Among the fourth and seventh graders (P=.003 and.001, respectively), the students with overweight/obesity displayed significantly higher levels of NO than those with normal weight; however, no difference was observed in males and females. In multiple linear regression models, a high level of anxiety was independently associated with low NO levels (β=-1.33, 95% confidence interval -2.24 to -0.41) in first graders who with overweight/obesity. No association between NO levels and psychological traits was evident among students with normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Our results enrich the limited data and suggest that NO may be associated with obesity and psychopathology and should be a concern in the pathophysiology of childhood mental health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jakab AE, Hidvégi EV, Illyés M, Cziráki A, Kalmár T, Maróti Z, Bereczki C. Childhood Obesity: Does it Have Any Effect on Young Arteries? Front Pediatr 2020; 8:389. [PMID: 32766188 PMCID: PMC7378393 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of overweight (OW) and obesity (O) in children and adolescents has been increased in the past three decades. Increased arterial stiffness measuring by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) might be detected in OW/O children and adolescents. The aim of our study was to compare the arterial function parameters (AFPs), such as PWVao; aortic augmentation index (Aixao); aortic systolic blood pressure (SBPao) and brachial systolic blood pressure (SBPbrach) measured simultaneously in O/OW patients and healthy subjects. In our study 6,816 subjects (3,668 boys) aged 3-18 years were recruited and categorized by their body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (N), OW and O groups regarding their age and sex. AFPs were measured by a non-invasive, occlusive-oscillometric device. 19.9% (n = 1,356) of the population were OW/O, 911 (516 boys) were OW and 445 (272 boys) were O. After accounting for the effect of covariates, PWVao did not differ significantly between N (5.9 ± 0.8 m/s) and OW patients (5.9 ± 0.8 m/s); and N (6.0 ± 0.7 m/s) and O patients (6.0 ± 0.8 m/s). Aixao was significantly lower in OW (9.3 ± 7.4% vs. 7.6 ± 7.0%, p < 0.00001) and in O patients (9.7 ± 8.1% vs. 6.6 ± 7.2%, p < 0.00001) compared to controls. No significant difference was found regarding SBPao values between controls and OW and O groups (N = 110.7 ± 12.4 mmHg vs. OW = 110.3 ± 11.9 mmHg; N = 115.6 ± 14.0 mmHg vs. O = 114.3 ± 12.8 mmHg). According to our results we may conclude that the unchanged PWVao in O/OW subjects might be due to the compensatory decrease in Aixao, referring to enhanced vasodilatory status in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emese Jakab
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Illyés
- Heart Institute, UP Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Cziráki
- Heart Institute, UP Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Udi S, Hinden L, Ahmad M, Drori A, Iyer MR, Cinar R, Herman-Edelstein M, Tam J. Dual inhibition of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor and inducible NOS attenuates obesity-induced chronic kidney disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:110-127. [PMID: 31454063 PMCID: PMC6976880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Obesity, an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects the kidneys by two main molecular signalling pathways: the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system, whose activation in obesity promotes renal inflammation, fibrosis, and injury, and the inducible NOS (iNOS), which generates ROS resulting in oxidative stress. Hence, a compound that inhibits both peripheral CB1 receptors and iNOS may serve as an effective therapeutic agent against obesity‐induced CKD. Experimental Approach Here, we describe the effect of a novel peripherally restricted, orally bioavailable dual CB1 receptor/iNOS antagonist, MRI‐1867 (3 mg·kg−1), in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD, and compared its metabolic and renal efficacies to a stand‐alone peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist (JD5037; 3 mg·kg−1), iNOS antagonist (1400W; 10 mg·kg−1), and pair feeding. Mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity were treated orally with these compounds or vehicle (Veh) for 28 days. Standard diet‐fed mice treated with Veh served as controls. Key Results Enhanced expression of CB1 receptors and iNOS in renal tubules was found in human kidney patients with obesity and other CKDs. The hybrid inhibitor ameliorated obesity‐induced kidney morphological and functional changes via decreasing kidney inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and renal injury. Some of these features were independent of the improved metabolic profile mediated via inhibition of CB1 receptors. An additional interesting finding is that these beneficial effects on the kidney were partially associated with modulating renal adiponectin signalling. Conclusions and Implications Collectively, our results highlight the therapeutic relevance of blocking CB1 receptors and iNOS in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Majdoleen Ahmad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Herman-Edelstein
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Ross PA, Klein MJ, Nguyen T, Leung D, Khemani RG, Newth CJL, Bhalla AK. Body Habitus and Risk of Mortality in Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2019; 210:178-183.e2. [PMID: 31036411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between body habitus and mortality in critically ill children with sepsis or septic shock. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data of children admitted to US pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock. We separated body habitus into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Outcomes were mortality (primary), treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation (secondary), and time to PICU discharge for survivors (secondary). Multivariable analyses using mixed-effects logistic regression and shared frailty models clustered by unit and adjusted for confounding variables were used to assess the association between body habitus and outcomes. RESULTS There were 7038 children with sepsis or septic shock. Mortality was 10.1% (n = 714) and 52.9% (n = 3720) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Body habitus was not associated with mortality after controlling for hospital level effects and confounding variables. Children who were overweight and obese had greater odds of invasive mechanical ventilation (overweight OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.05-1.45], P = .011 and obese OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.37-1.80], P < .001) compared with children of normal weight. In survivors treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, children who were obese had a longer time to PICU discharge than children of normal weight (obese hazard ratio for discharge 0.84 [95% CI, 0.77-0.92], P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS There was no association between body habitus and mortality in critically ill children with sepsis. Children who were overweight and obese were more likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation and mechanically ventilated survivors who were obsese had a longer time to PICU discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Ross
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Margaret J Klein
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA
| | - Dennis Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Healthcare Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robinder G Khemani
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher J L Newth
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anoopindar K Bhalla
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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22
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Daenen K, Andries A, Mekahli D, Van Schepdael A, Jouret F, Bammens B. Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:975-991. [PMID: 30105414 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), defined as disturbances in the pro-/antioxidant balance, is harmful to cells due to the excessive generation of highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. When the balance is not disturbed, OS has a role in physiological adaptations and signal transduction. However, an excessive amount of ROS and RNS results in the oxidation of biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress has been reported in kidney disease, due to both antioxidant depletions as well as increased ROS production. The kidney is a highly metabolic organ, rich in oxidation reactions in mitochondria, which makes it vulnerable to damage caused by OS, and several studies have shown that OS can accelerate kidney disease progression. Also, in patients at advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increased OS is associated with complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and anemia. In this review, we aim to describe OS and its influence on CKD progression and its complications. We also discuss the potential role of various antioxidants and pharmacological agents, which may represent potential therapeutic targets to reduce OS in both pediatric and adult CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Daenen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Nephrology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Asmin Andries
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Nephrology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Klisic A, Kocic G, Kavaric N, Pavlovic R, Soldatovic I, Ninic A. Nitric Oxide Products are not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. J Med Biochem 2019; 38:361-7. [PMID: 31156347 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is oxidative stress biomarker which is regarded as one of the key determinants of energy metabolism and vascular tone. Considering the controversial reports on the association between nitric oxide products (NOx) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the aim of the current study was to examine that potential relationship. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate a broad spectrum of other oxidative stress biomarkers [i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)] in relation with MetS. Methods A total of 109 volunteers (46.8% of them with MetS) were included in this cross-sectional study. Biohemical and anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure, were obtained. The MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that XOD (OR=1.011; 95% CI 1.002-1.019; p=0.016), XO (OR=1.014; 95% CI 1.003-1.026; p=0.016), MDA (OR=1.113; 95% CI 1.038-1.192; p=0.003) and AOPP (OR=1.022; 95% CI 1.005-1.039; p=0.012) were the independent predictors of MetS, whereas no association between NOx and MetS was found. As XOD rose for 1 U/L, XO for 1 U/L, MDA for 1 μmol/L and AOPP for 1 T/L, probability for MetS rose for 1.1%, 1.4%, 11.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Adjusted R2 for the Model was 0.531, which means that 53.1% of variation in MetS could be explained with this Model. Conclusion Unlike XOD, MDA and AOPP, NOx is not associated with MetS.
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24
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Jeddi S, Carlström M, Azizi F, Ghasemi A. Circulating markers of nitric oxide homeostasis and cardiometabolic diseases: insights from population-based studies. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:359-376. [PMID: 30821533 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1587168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that impaired nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis has a key role in development of cardiometabolic disorders. The association between circulating levels of NO metabolites, i.e. nitrate and nitrite (NOx), and risk of chronic diseases has not yet been fully clarified. This work aims to address epidemiologic aspects of NO metabolism and discusses different physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions influencing circulating NOx. Further, cross-sectional associations of serum NOx with metabolic disorders are described and along the way, potential short-term and long-term power of serum NOx for predicting cardiometabolic outcomes are reviewed. Results from population-based studies show that circulating NOx is affected by aging, smoking habits, pregnancy, menopause status, thyroid hormones, and various pathologic conditions including type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, and renal dysfunction. Lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, but also smoking habits and the degree of physical activity influence NO homeostasis and the circulating levels of NOx. Elevated serum NOx, due to increased iNOS activity, is associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome, different obesity phenotypes, and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- c Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mattias Carlström
- d Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- e Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- c Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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25
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Adlbrecht C, Blanco-Verea A, Bouzas-Mosquera MC, Brion M, Burtscher M, Carbone F, Chang TT, Charmandari E, Chen JW, Correia-Costa L, Dullaart RPF, Eleftheriades M, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Goliasch G, Gremmel T, Groeneveld ME, Henrique A, Huelsmann M, Jung C, Lichtenauer M, Montecucco F, Nicolaides NC, Niessner A, Palmeira C, Pirklbauer M, Sanchez-Niño MD, Sotiriadis A, Sousa T, Sulzgruber P, van Beek AP, Veronese N, Winter MP, Yeung KK, Bouzas-Mosquera A. Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2016. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e13016. [PMID: 30099749 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adlbrecht
- Fourth Medical Department, Hietzing Hospital, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Intensive Care Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandro Blanco-Verea
- Xenética Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - María Brion
- Xenética Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.,Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinical of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Menno Evert Groeneveld
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandrino Henrique
- Serviço de Cirurgia A - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin Huelsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinical of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Markus Pirklbauer
- Department for Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Hippokrateion" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Max-Paul Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Bouzas-Mosquera
- Unidad de Imagen y Función Cardiacas, Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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26
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Joyce T, Chirino YI, Natalia MT, Jose PC. Renal damage in the metabolic syndrome (MetSx): Disorders implicated. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:554-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Morato M, Correia-Costa L, Sousa T, Cosme D, Schaefer F, Areias JC, Guerra A, Afonso AC, Barros H, Azevedo A, Albino-Teixeira A. Longer duration of obesity is associated with a reduction in urinary angiotensinogen in prepubertal children. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:1411-1422. [PMID: 28337615 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the impact of obesity on urinary excretion of angiotensinogen (U-AGT) in prepubertal children, focusing on the duration of obesity and gender. Also, we aimed to evaluate whether plasma angiotensinogen (P-AGT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play a role in the putative association. METHODS Cross-sectional evaluation of 305 children aged 8-9 years (160 normal weight, 86 overweight, and 59 obese). Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed. Angiotensinogen (AGT) was determined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and H2O2 by a microplate fluorometric assay. RESULTS U-AGT and P-AGT levels were similar across body mass index (BMI) groups and between sexes. However, boys who were overweight/obese since the age of 4 years presented lower levels of U-AGT compared with those of normal weight at the same age. In children who were overweight/obese since the age of 4, urinary H2O2 decreased with P-AGT. CONCLUSIONS A higher duration of obesity was associated with decreased U-AGT in boys, thus reflecting decreased intrarenal activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Also, children with a longer duration of obesity showed an inverse association between urinary H2O2 and P-AGT. Future studies should address whether these results reflect an early compensatory mechanism to limit obesity-triggered renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Morato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Carlos Areias
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Monzo-Beltran L, Vazquez-Tarragón A, Cerdà C, Garcia-Perez P, Iradi A, Sánchez C, Climent B, Tormos C, Vázquez-Prado A, Girbés J, Estáñ N, Blesa S, Cortés R, Chaves FJ, Sáez GT. One-year follow-up of clinical, metabolic and oxidative stress profile of morbid obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. 8-oxo-dG as a clinical marker. Redox Biol 2017; 12:389-402. [PMID: 28319890 PMCID: PMC5357674 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has grown worldwide over the last few decades. In its different degrees, obesity is accompanied by many clinical and biochemical alterations reflecting the pathological condition of various body tissues. Among the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesity and associated complications, oxidative stress (OS) may be playing an important role. In the present study, we have characterized at systemic level the degree of OS status in a group of morbid obese patients (BMI>40kg/m2) at basal sate and its modulation during one year after bariatric surgery using the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) technique. As compared with normal weight subjects matched in age, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMc) of obese patients present a significant reduction of the antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as a significant increase of the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) in these cells. Lipid peroxidation is significantly increased in the patient group as shown by the increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in PBMc and the amount of F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) released in urine. In addition, the DNA damage product 8-oxo-7,8-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) was also observed to be increased in serum and urine of morbid obese patients as compared with the control group. After LSG, an improvement of their ponderal and metabolic profile was accompanied by a progressive recovery of antioxidant enzyme activities and the decline of oxidative byproducts both in PBMc and biological fluids. The observed changes of urinary 8-oxo-dG levels correlate positively with its serum concentration, the lipid peroxidation products MDA and F2-IsoPs, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HOMA index and body weight and negatively with the percentage of weight and BMI loss and antioxidant activities. We conclude that the analysis of urinary 8-oxo-dG could be validated as a useful marker for the monitoring of ponderal and metabolic status of morbid obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Monzo-Beltran
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Concha Cerdà
- Service of Clinical Analysis, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula Garcia-Perez
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Iradi
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Climent
- Service of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Tormos
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Vázquez-Prado
- Service of General and Digestive Surgery, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Girbés
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nuria Estáñ
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sebastián Blesa
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA, CIBEREDEM University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Cortés
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA, CIBEREDEM University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Felipe J Chaves
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA, CIBEREDEM University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo T Sáez
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain; Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
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Galano A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Pérez-González A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:E1442. [PMID: 27801875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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