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Carvalho CO, Gromstad W, Dunthorn M, Karlsen HE, Schrøder-Nielsen A, Ready JS, Haugaasen T, Sørnes G, de Boer H, Mauvisseau Q. Harnessing eDNA metabarcoding to investigate fish community composition and its seasonal changes in the Oslo fjord. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10154. [PMID: 38698067 PMCID: PMC11065990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of global ecosystem changes driven by anthropogenic activities, effective biomonitoring strategies are crucial for mitigating impacts on vulnerable aquatic habitats. Time series analysis underscores a great significance in understanding the dynamic nature of marine ecosystems, especially amidst climate change disrupting established seasonal patterns. Focusing on Norway's Oslo fjord, our research utilises eDNA-based monitoring for temporal analysis of aquatic biodiversity during a one year period, with bi-monthly sampling along a transect. To increase the robustness of the study, a taxonomic assignment comparing BLAST+ and SINTAX approaches was done. Utilising MiFish and Elas02 primer sets, our study detected 63 unique fish species, including several commercially important species. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in read abundance during specific migratory cycles, highlighting the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for fish composition characterization. Seasonal dynamics for certain species exhibit clear patterns, emphasising the method's utility in unravelling ecological complexities. eDNA metabarcoding emerges as a cost-effective tool with considerable potential for fish community monitoring for conservation purposes in dynamic marine environments like the Oslo fjord, contributing valuable insights for informed management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Oliveira Carvalho
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Micah Dunthorn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Grete Sørnes
- Marine Research Station Drøbak, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Peng J, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Lei X, Guo Y, Lei Y, Kong Q, Cheng S, Yang X. Mechanistic Aspects of Photodegradation of Deoxynucleosides Induced by Triplet State of Effluent Organic Matter. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4751-4760. [PMID: 38324714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Excited triplet states of wastewater effluent organic matter (3EfOM*) are known as important photo-oxidants in the degradation of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eArGs) in sunlit waters. In this work, we further found that 3EfOM* showed highly selective reactivity toward 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) sites within eArGs in irradiated EfOM solutions at pH 7.0, while it showed no photosensitizing capacity toward 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxythymidine, and 2'-deoxycytidine (the basic structures of eArGs). The 3EfOM* contributed to the photooxidation of dG primarily via one-electron transfer mechanism, with second-order reaction rate constants of (1.58-1.74) × 108 M-1 s-1, forming the oxidation intermediates of dG (dG(-H)•). The formed dG(-H)• could play a significant role in hole hopping and damage throughout eArGs. Using the four deoxynucleosides as probes, the upper limit for the reduction potential of 3EfOM* is estimated to be between 1.47 and 1.94 VNHE. Compared to EfOM, the role of the triplet state of terrestrially natural organic matter (3NOM*) in dG photooxidation was minor (∼15%) mainly due to the rapid reverse reactions of dG(-H)• by the antioxidant moieties of NOM. This study advances our understanding of the difference in the photosensitizing capacity and electron donating capacity between NOM and EfOM and the photodegradation mechanism of eArGs induced by 3EfOM*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Ye C, Chen C, Zhang K, Feng M, Yu X. Solar/periodate inhibits ARGs transformation by degradation of DNA without damaging cell membrane. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122766. [PMID: 37865329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a growing global threat to public health. Chlorine-based water disinfection and some advanced oxidation processes significantly increase the risk of ARGs release and transmission in the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop or optimize disinfection methods to reduce the conversion and transmission of ARGs in natural water. This study investigated whether the solar/periodate (PI) system inhibited the natural transmission of ARGs and its mechanism. The results showed that solar/PI systems could effectively inhibit the propagation of ARGs in two simulated natural transformation systems, up to more than 100 times. By characterizing the cellular process of bacteria treated by the solar/PI system, we found that the solar/PI system could directly cause damage to DNA bases and its dual effect with almost no damage to the bacterial cell membrane, which was the main reason why this technology could inhibit natural transformation processes. Specifically, the inhibition effect of solar/PI on bacteria did not result in enhanced membrane permeability under appropriate PI dosage (<200 μM), which greatly reduced the risk of secondary contamination of eARGs released by traditional disinfection. Our findings could help improve existing disinfection strategies to ensure that antibiotic resistance is not spread in the natural water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chenlan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kaiting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Wang L, Zhou JC, Li ZH, Zhang X, Leung KMY, Yuan L, Sheng GP. Facet-Specific Photocatalytic Degradation of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Hematite Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21835-21845. [PMID: 38085064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments has attracted increasing attention due to their potential threat to public health and the environment. However, the fate of extracellular ARGs in receiving water remains largely unknown. This study investigated the influence of hematite nanoparticles, a widespread natural mineral, on the photodegradation of extracellular ARGs in river water. Results showed that under exposure to visible light, hematite nanoparticles, at environmental concentrations, resulted in a 3-5 orders of magnitude reduction in extracellular ARGs. This photodegradation of extracellular ARGs is shown to be facet-dependent; the (001) facet of hematite demonstrates a higher removal rate than that of the (100) facet, which is ascribed to its enhanced adsorption capability and higher hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate this finding, indicating elevated iron density, larger adsorption energy, and lower energy barrier of •OH formation on the (001) facet, providing more active sites and •OH generation for extracellular ARG interaction. Gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy analyses further confirm that the (001) facet causes more substantial damage to extracellular ARGs than the (100) facet. These findings pave the way for predicting the photodegradation efficiency of hematite nanoparticles with varied facets, thereby shedding light on the inherent self-purification capacity for extracellular ARGs in both natural and engineered aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing-Chen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Liu Y, Dong W, Jiang X, Xu J, Yang K, Zhu L, Lin D. Efficient Degradation of Intracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Photosensitized Erythrosine-Produced 1O 2. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12105-12116. [PMID: 37531556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (iARGs) constitute the important part of wastewater ARGs and need to be efficiently removed. However, due to the dual protection of intracellular DNA by bacterial membranes and the cytoplasm, present disinfection technologies are largely inefficient in iARG degradation. Herein, we for the first time found that erythrosine (ERY, an edible dye) could efficiently degrade iARGs by producing abundant 1O2 under visible light. Seven log antibiotic-resistant bacteria were inactivated within only 1.5 min, and 6 log iARGs were completely degraded within 40 min by photosensitized ERY (5.0 mg/L). A linear relationship was established between ARG degradation rate constants and 1O2 concentrations in the ERY photosensitizing system. Surprisingly, a 3.2-fold faster degradation of iARGs than extracellular ARGs was observed, which was attributed to the unique indirect oxidation of iARGs induced by 1O2. Furthermore, ERY photosensitizing was effective for iARG degradation in real wastewater and other photosensitizers (including Rose Bengal and Phloxine B) of high 1O2 yields could also achieve efficient iARG degradation. The findings increase our knowledge of the iARG degradation preference by 1O2 and provide a new strategy of developing technologies with high 1O2 yield, like ERY photosensitizing, for efficient iARG removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xunheng Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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Yao MC, Zhang X, Huang Q, Huang J, Sheng GP. Chlorine oxide radical (ClO) enables the enhanced degradation of antibiotic resistance genes during UV/chlorine treatment by selectively inducing base damage. Environ Int 2023; 178:108121. [PMID: 37544266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to individual UV or chlorine disinfection, the combined UV and chlorine (i.e., UV/chlorine) can substantially promote the degradation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the effluent by generating radicals. However, the mechanisms of ARG degradation induced by radicals during UV/chlorine treatment remain largely unknown, limiting further enhancement of ARG degradation by process optimization. Herein, we aimed to uncover the role of different radicals in ARG degradation and the molecular mechanisms of ARG degradation by radicals in UV/chlorine process. The ClO was proven to be responsible for the enhanced ARG degradation during UV/chlorine treatment, while the other radicals (OH, Cl, and Cl2-) played a minor role. This is because ClO possessed both high steady-state concentration and high reactivity toward ARGs (rate constant: 4.29 × 1010 M-1 s-1). The ClO might collaborate with free chlorine to degrade ARG. The ClO degraded ARGs by selectively attacking guanine and thymine but failed to induce strand breakage, while chlorine could break the strand of ARGs. Ultimately, ClO cooperated with chlorine to degrade ARGs quickly by hydroxylation and chlorination of bases and produce many chlorine- and nitrogen-containing products as revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The uncovered degradation mechanisms of ARGs by UV/chlorine provide useful guidelines for process optimization to achieve deep removal of effluent ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Cen Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Nie C, Hou Y, Liu F, Dong Q, Li Z, Han P, Tong M. Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by magnetic MoS 2@Fe 3O 4 for rapid degradation of free DNA bases and antibiotic resistance genes. Water Res 2023; 239:120026. [PMID: 37182307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become as emerging contaminant with great concerns worldwide due to their threats to human health. It is thus urgent to develop techniques to degrade ARGs in water. In this study, MoS2@Fe3O4 (MF) particles were fabricated and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of four types of free DNA bases (T, A, C, and G, major components of ARGs) and ARGs. We found that MF/PMS system could effectively degrade all four DNA bases (T within 10 min, A within 30 min, C within 5 min, and G within 5 min) in very short time. During the reaction process, MF could activate PMS to form the reactive radicals such as ·OH, SO4·-, O2·-, and 1O2, contributing to the degradation of DNA bases. Due to the low adsorption energy, high charge transfer, and great capability for PMS cleavage, MF exhibited excellent PMS adsorption and activation performances. MoS2 in MF could enhance the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II), improving the catalytic performance. Excellent catalytic performances of MF/PMS system were achieved in complex water matrix (including different solution pH, coexisting of anions and natural organic matter) as well as in real water samples (including tap water, river water, sea water, and sewage) especially under high salinity conditions due to the generation of Cl· radicals and HClO species. MF/PMS system could also efficiently degrade ARGs (chromosomal kanR and plasmid gmrA) and DNA extracted from antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in super-short time. Moreover, complete disinfection of two types of model ARB (E. coli K-12 MG 1655 and E. coli S17-1) could also be achieved in MF/PMS system. The high degradation performances of MF/PMS system achieved in the reused experiments and the 14-day continuous flow reactor experiments indicated the stability of MF particles. Due to the magnetic property, it would be convenient to separate MF particles from water after use via using magnet, facilitating their reuse of MF and avoiding potential water contamination by catalysts. Overall, this study not only provided a deep insight on Fe/Mo-triggered PMS activation process, but also provided an effective and reliable approach for the treatment of DNA bases, ARGs, DNA, and ARB in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yanghui Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Fuyang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiqi Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhengmao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Peng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Kong Q, Pan Y, Lei X, Zhou Y, Lei Y, Peng J, Zhang X, Yin R, Shang C, Yang X. Reducing properties of triplet state organic matter ( 3DOM*) probed via the transformation from chlorine dioxide to chlorite. Water Res 2022; 225:119120. [PMID: 36126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) have been well known to oxidize various organic contaminants, but evidence of their reducing properties are largely scarce. In this work, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a single-electron oxidant was used as a probe to evaluate the reduction property of 3DOM*. The reduction of ClO2 to chlorite was observed in the solutions of model photosensitizers (i.e., 4-carboxybenzophenone, benzophenone, acetophenone, 3-methoxyacetophenone, naphthalene, and xanthone) during UV irradiation with the presence of ClO2, though they are resistant to ClO2 oxidation in the dark. The reducing property of the triplet states of photosensitizers was verified and their second-order reaction rate constants with ClO2 were determined to be in the range of 1.45(± 0.03)× 109 - 2.18(± 0.06) × 109 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0. The quenching tests excluded the role of other reactive species (e.g., HO•, O(3P), Cl•, ClO• and HOCl/OCl-, O2•- and eaq-) in ClO2 reduction to chlorite when using model photosensitizers and DOM isolates. Chlorite formation was 48.1-90.4% and 4812.8-7721.8% higher during UV irradiation with the presence of ClO2 and DOM than those without UV irradiation or without DOM present, respectively. The enhancement was attributed to the enhanced electron donating capacity (chlorite precursors) of DOM upon UV irradiation and also to 3DOM* acting as an electron donor reducing ClO2 to chlorite. This study highlighted the important role of 3DOM* as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianglin Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999066, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999066, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Fang J, Li W, Tian Y, Chen Z, Yu Y, Shan S, Rajput VD, Srivastava S, Lin D. Pyrolysis temperature affects the inhibitory mechanism of biochars on the mobility of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in saturated porous media. J Hazard Mater 2022; 439:129668. [PMID: 35907284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The migration of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) in porous media is an important pathway for ARGs to spread to the subsoil and aquifer. Biochar (BC) has been widely used to reduce the mobility of soil contaminants, however, its effect on the mobility of eARGs in porous media and the mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, the effects of BCs synthesized from wheat straw and corn straw at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 700 °C) on the transport of plasmids-carried eARGs in sand column were investigated. The BC amendments all significantly decreased the mobility of eARGs in the porous medium, but the mechanism varied with pyrolysis temperature. The higher temperature BCs had a stronger irreversible adsorption of plasmids and greatly enhanced the attachment and straining effects on plasmids during transport, thus more effectively inhibited the mobility of eARGs. The lower temperature BCs had weaker adsorption, attachment, and straining effects on plasmids, but induced generation of hydroxyl radicals in the porous medium and thereby fragmented the plasmids and hindered the amplification of eARGs. These findings are of fundamental significance for the potential application of BC in controlling the vertical spread of eARGs in soil and vadose zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiyang Tian
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Arable Soil Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | | | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Nagler M, Podmirseg SM, Ascher‐Jenull J, Sint D, Traugott M. Why eDNA fractions need consideration in biomonitoring. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2458-2470. [PMID: 35652762 PMCID: PMC9545497 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) is revolutionizing the monitoring of biodiversity as it allows to assess organismic diversity at large scale and unprecedented taxonomic detail. However, eDNA consists of an extracellular and intracellular fraction, each characterized by particular properties that determine the retrievable information on when and where organisms live or have been living. Here, we review the fractions of eDNA, describe how to obtain them from environmental samples and present a four-scenario concept that aims at enhancing spatial and temporal resolution of eDNA-based monitoring. Importantly, we highlight how the appropriate choice of eDNA fractions precludes misinterpretation of eDNA-based biodiversity data. Finally, future avenues of research towards eDNA fraction-specific analyses are outlined to unravel the full potential of eDNA-based studies targeting micro- and macro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Sint
- Department of ZoologyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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11
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Zhang T, Cheng F, Yang H, Zhu B, Li C, Zhang YN, Qu J, Peijnenburg WJGM. Photochemical degradation pathways of cell-free antibiotic resistance genes in water under simulated sunlight irradiation: Experimental and quantum chemical studies. Chemosphere 2022; 302:134879. [PMID: 35551936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment poses a threat to human health and therefore their environmental behavior needs to be studied urgently. A systematic study was conducted on the photodegradation pathways of the cell-free tetracycline resistance gene (Tc-ARG) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The results showed that Tc-ARG can undergo direct photodegradation, which significantly reduces its horizontal transfer efficiency. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) promoted the photodegradation of Tc-ARG and further inhibited its horizontal transfer by generating reactive intermediates. The photodegradation of Tc-ARG was attributed to degradation of the four bases (G, C, A, T) and the deoxyribose group. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the four bases could be oxidized by the hydroxyl radical (HO) through addition and H-abstraction reactions. The main oxidative product 8-oxo-dG was detected. This product was generated through the addition reaction of G-C with HO, subsequent to dissolved oxygen initiated H-abstraction and H2O catalyzed H-transfer reactions. The predicted maximum photodegradation rates of Tc-ARG in the Yellow River estuary were 0.524, 0.937, and 0.336 h-1 in fresh water, estuary water, and seawater, respectively. This study furthermore revealed the microscopic photodegradation pathways and obtained essential degradation parameters of Tc-ARG in sunlit surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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12
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Shao M, Ye C, Li T, Gan J, Yu X, Wang L. Intensified inactivation of model and environmental bacteria by an atmospheric-pressure air-liquid discharge plasma compared with chlorination. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:80-90. [PMID: 35725092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods since the conventional chlorine disinfection was inefficient in inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria, inducing the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria and forming disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, the inactivation of four model strains including Gram-negative (G-), Gram-positive (G+) and environmental samples by atmospheric-pressure air-liquid discharge plasma (ALDP) was assessed systematically. The results showed that ALDP was superior in inactivating all of the samples compared with chlorination. During 10 min ALDP treatment, the G- bacteria were completely inactivated, and the G+ one was inactivated by more than 4.61 logs. The inactivation of bacteria from a campus lake and a wastewater treatment plant effluent exceeded 99.82% and 97.78%, respectively. For G- bacteria, ALDP resulted in a much lower (102∼103 times) levels of VBNC cells than chlorination. ALDP could effectively remove the chlorine-resistant bacteria. More than 96.41% of the intracellular DNA and 99.99% of the extracellular DNA were removed, whereas it was only 56.35% and 12.82% for chlorination. ALDP had a stronger ability to destroy cell structure than chlorination, presumably due to the existence of ROS (·OH, 1O2 and O2-). GC-MS analysis showed that ALDP produced less DBPs than chlorination. These findings provided new insights for the application of discharge plasma in water disinfection, which could be complemental or alternative to the conventional disinfection methods.
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13
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Kang W, Yu F, Wang S, Hu X. Marine Colloids Promote the Adaptation of Diatoms to Nitrate Contamination by Directional Electron Transfer. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5694-5705. [PMID: 35435662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination from human activities (e.g., domestic pollution, livestock breeding, and fertilizer application) threatens marine ecosystems and net primary productivity. As the main component of primary productivity, diatoms can adapt to high nitrate environments, but the mechanism is unclear. We found that electron transfer from marine colloids to diatoms enhances nitrogen uptake and assimilation under visible-light irradiation, providing a new pathway for nitrogen adaptation. Under irradiation, marine colloids exhibit semiconductor properties (e.g., the separation of electron-hole pairs) and can trigger the generation of free electrons and singlet oxygen. They also exhibit electron acceptor and donor properties, with the former being stronger than the latter, reacting with polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) under high nitrogen stress, enhancing the elasticity and permeability of cells, and promoting nitrogen assimilation and electron transfer to marine diatom EPSs. Electron transfer promotes extracellular-to-intracellular nitrate transport by upregulating membrane nitrate transporters and nitrate reductase. The upregulation of anion transport genes and unsaturated fatty acids contributes to nitrogen assimilation. We estimate that colloids may increase the nitrate uptake efficiency of marine diatoms by 10.5-82.2%. These findings reveal a mechanism by which diatoms adapt to nitrate contamination and indicate a low-cost strategy to control marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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14
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Niu L, Li J, Wang S, Manoli K, Zhang L, Yu X, Feng M. Tuning the reactivity of permanganate by naturally occurring DNA bases: Enhanced efficiency of micropollutant abatement. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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He H, Zhao T, Ma Q, Yang X, Yue Q, Huang B, Pan X. Photoelectrocatalytic coupling system synergistically removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria from aquatic environment. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127553. [PMID: 34736195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in the reclaimed water, posing a potential threat to human and ecological health. Nowadays, the reuse technology of reclaimed water has been widely concerned, but the removal of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs in reclaimed water has not been sufficiently studied. This study used TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) decorated with Ag/SnO2-Sb nanoparticles (TNTs-Ag/SnO2-Sb) as the anode and Ti-Pd/SnO2-Sb as the cathode to construct an efficient photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system. In this system, 99.9% of ARB was inactivated in 20 min, meanwhile, ARGs was removed within 30 min, and antibiotics were almost completely degraded within 1 h. Furthermore, the effects of system parameters on the removals of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs were also studied. The redox performance of the system was verified by adding persulfate. Escherichia coli, as a representative microorganism in aquatic environments, was used to evaluate the ecotoxicity of PEC treated chloramphenicol (CAP) solution. The ecotoxicity of CAP solution was significantly reduced after being treated by PEC. In addition, transformation intermediates of CAP were identified using liquid chromatography-tandems mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the possible degradation pathways were proposed. This study could provide a potential alternative method for controlling antibiotic resistance and protecting the quality of reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tianguo Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qicheng Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingsong Yue
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
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Bairoliya S, Koh Zhi Xiang J, Cao B. Extracellular DNA in environmental samples: Occurrence, extraction, quantification, and impact on microbial biodiversity assessment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021;:AEM0184521. [PMID: 34818108 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01845-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA, i.e., DNA directly extracted from environmental samples, has been applied to understand microbial communities in the environments and to monitor contemporary biodiversity in the conservation context. Environmental DNA often contains both intracellular DNA (iDNA) and extracellular DNA (eDNA). eDNA can persist in the environment and complicate environmental DNA sequencing-based analyses of microbial communities and biodiversity. Although several studies acknowledged the impact of eDNA on DNA-based profiling of environmental communities, eDNA is still being neglected or ignored in most studies dealing with environmental samples. In this article, we summarize key findings on eDNA in environmental samples and discuss the methods used to extract and quantify eDNA as well as the importance of eDNA on the interpretation of experimental results. We then suggest several factors to consider when designing experiments and analyzing data to negate or determine the contribution of eDNA to environmental DNA-based community analyses. This field of research will be driven forward by: (i) carefully designing environmental DNA extraction pipelines by taking into consideration technical details in methods for eDNA extraction/removal and membrane-based filtration and concentration; (ii) quantifying eDNA in extracted environmental DNA using multiple methods including qPCR and fluorescent DNA binding dyes; (iii) carefully interpretating effect of eDNA on DNA-based community analyses at different taxonomic levels; and (iv) when possible, removing eDNA from environmental samples for DNA-based community analyses.
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17
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Wang L, Ye C, Guo L, Chen C, Kong X, Chen Y, Shu L, Wang P, Yu X, Fang J. Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9221-9230. [PMID: 34138551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected as the target microorganism. The number of culturable cells was effectively reduced by more than 5 orders of magnitude (5-log10) after UV, chlorine, and UV/chlorine treatments. However, intact and VBNC cells were detected at 103 to 104 cells/mL after UV and chlorine treatments, whereas they were undetectable after UV/chlorine treatment due to the primary contribution of reactive chlorine species (Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•). After UV/chlorine treatment, the metabolic activity determined using single cell Raman spectroscopy was much lower than that after UV. The level of toxic opr gene in P. aeruginosa decreased by more than 99% after UV/chlorine treatment. Importantly, bacterial dark reactivation was completely suppressed by UV/chlorine treatment but not UV or chlorination. This study suggests that the UV/chlorine treatment can completely damage bacteria and is promising for pathogen inactivation to overcome the limitations of UV and chlorine treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lizheng Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yaoqing Chen
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 510000, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Li J, Zhang X, Fan WY, Yao MC, Sheng GP. Dissolved organic matter dominating the photodegradation of free DNA bases in aquatic environments. Water Res 2020; 179:115885. [PMID: 32402864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Free DNA bases are widely present in the environments, and can be utilized by bacteria for their nucleic acids synthesis or as nutrition sources. In sunlit natural waters, these free bases probably undergo photodegradation which would change the bioavailable bases contents. Though the photodegradation of DNA has been investigated, the photodegradation behaviors of free bases may be quite different from those of DNA-confined bases in consideration of their different chemical environments. Herein, the photodegradation of four free bases (guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine) was investigated. Results show that direct photodegradation of free bases in phosphate buffer caused by UV was slow. However, the photodegradation of these free bases were greatly enhanced in dissolved organic matter (DOM) solution. In the presence of 10-50 mg/L DOM, the photodegradation rates of free bases were increased by 1.85-14.6 times compared to the controls without DOM. DOM could result in indirect photodegradation by producing hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under irradiation, and this indirect photodegradation enhanced and dominated the free bases photodegradation. The •OH was involved in all four bases photodegradation, while the 1O2 only participated in guanine photodegradation. In phosphate buffer, the fastest photodegradation bases were pyrimidine, however, guanine became the fastest photodegradation base in DOM solution due to the selective oxidation of guanine by 1O2. In summary, DOM may be a determinant for free bases photodegradation in natural waters and thereby deeply influence free bases fates in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mu-Cen Yao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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