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Chen G, Xu J, Ma S, Ji X, Carney JB, Wang C, Gao X, Chen P, Fan B, Chen J, Yue Y, James TD. Visual monitoring of biocatalytic processes using small molecular fluorescent probes: strategies-mechanisms-applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2716-2731. [PMID: 38353179 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of biocatalytic-based processes is significantly improved and simplified when they can be visualized. Visual monitoring can be achieved by integrating a fluorescent unit with the biocatalyst. Herein, we outline the design strategies of fluorescent probes for monitoring biocatalysis: (1) probes for monitoring biocatalytic transfer: γ-glutamine is linked to the fluorophore as both a recognition group and for intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) inhibition; the probe is initially in an off state and is activated via the transfer of the γ-glutamine group and the release of the free amino group, which results in restoration of the "Donor-π-Acceptor" (D-π-A) system and fluorescence recovery. (2) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic oxidation: a propylamine is connected to the fluorophore as a recognition group, which cages the hydroxyl group, leading to the inhibition of ICT; propylamine is oxidized and subsequently β-elimination occurs, resulting in exposure of the hydroxyl group and fluorescence recovery. (3) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic reduction: a nitro group attached to a fluorophore as a fluorescence quenching group, this is converted to an amino group by catalytic reduction, resulting in fluorescence recovery. (4) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic hydrolysis: β-D-galactopyranoside or phosphate acts as a recognition group attached to hydroxyl groups of the fluorophore; the subsequent biocatalytic hydrolysis reaction releases the hydroxyl group resulting in fluorescence recovery. Following these 4 mechanisms, fluorophores including cyanine, coumarin, rhodamine, and Nile-red, have been used to develop systems for monitoring biocatalytic reactions. We anticipate that these strategies will result in systems able to rapidly diagnose and facilitate the treatment of serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Siyue Ma
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinrui Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jared B Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Baolei Fan
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Yanfeng Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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2
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Yang Y, Jiang Q, Zhang F. Nanocrystals for Deep-Tissue In Vivo Luminescence Imaging in the Near-Infrared Region. Chem Rev 2024; 124:554-628. [PMID: 37991799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for both fundamental research and clinical practice. In particular, luminescence imaging in the tissue-transparent near-infrared (NIR, 700-1700 nm) region offers tremendous potential for visualizing biological architectures and pathophysiological events in living subjects with deep tissue penetration and high imaging contrast owing to the reduced light-tissue interactions of absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence. The distinctive quantum effects of nanocrystals have been harnessed to achieve exceptional photophysical properties, establishing them as a promising category of luminescent probes. In this comprehensive review, the interactions between light and biological tissues, as well as the advantages of NIR light for in vivo luminescence imaging, are initially elaborated. Subsequently, we focus on achieving deep tissue penetration and improved imaging contrast by optimizing the performance of nanocrystal fluorophores. The ingenious design strategies of NIR nanocrystal probes are discussed, along with their respective biomedical applications in versatile in vivo luminescence imaging modalities. Finally, thought-provoking reflections on the challenges and prospects for future clinical translation of nanocrystal-based in vivo luminescence imaging in the NIR region are wisely provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qunying Jiang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Wang S, Fu Q, Su L, Wu Y, Zhu K, Yang DC, Yang XZ, Weng XL, Liu JY, Song J. Self-Reporting Molecular Prodrug for In Situ Quantitative Sensing of Drug Release by Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4737-4746. [PMID: 38008917 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of prodrugs in vivo necessitates quantitative, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of drug release, despite its difficulty. Ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a promising deep tissue imaging technology with a unique capacity for self-calibration, can aid in solving this problem. Here, for the first time, a methylamino-substituted Aza-BODIPY (BDP-N) and the chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT) are joined via a disulfide chain to produce the molecular theranostic prodrug (BSC) for real-time tumor mapping and quantitative visualization of intratumoral drug release using ratiometric PA imaging. Intact BSC has an extremely low toxicity, with a maximum absorption at ∼720 nm; however, endogenous glutathione (GSH), which is overexpressed in tumors, will cleave the disulfide bond and liberate CPT (with full toxicity) and BDP-N. This is accompanied by a significant redshift in absorption at ∼800 nm, resulting in the PA800/PA720 ratio. In vitro, a linear relationship is successfully established between PA800/PA720 values and CPT release rates, and subsequent experiments demonstrate that this relationship can also be applied to the quantitative detection of intratumoral CPT release in vivo. Notably, the novel ratiometric strategy eliminates nonresponsive interference and amplifies the multiples of the signal response to significantly improve the imaging contrast and detection precision. Therefore, this research offers a viable alternative for the design of molecular theranostic agents for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
| | - De-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
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Li X, Liu C, Zhu H, Wang K, Ren X, Ma L, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhu B. Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes with the function of targeting cancer receptors. Anal Methods 2023; 15:5947-5977. [PMID: 37909733 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is "the sword of Damocles" that threatens human life and health. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been receiving much attention. Many overexpressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells provide us with an effective way to specifically identify the cancer cells, and receptor targeting strategies are becoming one of the hot ideas to enhance the ability of fluorescent probes to target tumors. Fluorescent probes connected to ligands are targeted at cancer cell surfaces through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Receptor-targeting probes can image and track cancer cells, determine tumor boundaries, monitor deep lesions, and play a role in clinical medicine, such as fluorescent imaging-guided surgery. In this review, based on the perspective of small molecule fluorescent probes, we reviewed the design ideas, photophysical properties, and applications of receptor-targeting probes for detecting biomarkers in imaging and tracing cancer cells and prospected the future developmental direction of such probes. We hope that this review will provide more ideas for the design and development of active targeting probes for receptors and lead to more applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Lixue Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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5
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Karan S, Cho MY, Lee H, Kim HM, Park HS, Han EH, Sessler JL, Hong KS. Hypoxia-Directed and Self-Immolative Theranostic Agent: Imaging and Treatment of Cancer and Bacterial Infections. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14175-14187. [PMID: 37823731 PMCID: PMC10614179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of bacteria on cancer progression and treatment is becoming increasingly recognized. Cancer-associated bacteria are linked to metastases, reduced efficacy, and survival challenges. In this study, we present a sensitive hypoxia-activated prodrug, NR-NO2, which comprises an antibiotic combined with a chemotherapeutic. This prodrug demonstrates rapid and robust fluorescence enhancement and exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as tumor cells. Upon activation, NR-NO2 produces a distinct "fluorescence-on" signal, enabling real-time drug release monitoring. By leveraging elevated nitroreductase in cancer cells, NR-NO2 gives rise to heightened bacterial cytotoxicity while sparing normal cells. In A549 solid tumor-bearing mice, NR-NO2 selectively accumulated at tumor sites, displaying fluorescence signals under hypoxia superior to those of a corresponding prodrug-like control. These findings highlight the potential of NR-NO2 as a promising cancer therapy prodrug that benefits from targeted release, antibacterial impact, and imaging-based guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Karan
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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6
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Yan J, Wang K, Gui L, Liu X, Ji Y, Lin J, Luo M, Xu H, Lv J, Tan F, Lin L, Yuan Z. Diagnosing Orthotopic Lung Tumor Using a NTR-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe by Tracheal Inhalation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14402-14412. [PMID: 37698361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) is an enzyme that is upregulated under tumor-depleted oxygen conditions. The majority of studies have been conducted on NTR, but many existing fluorescent imaging tools for monitoring NTR inevitably suffer from weak targeting, low sensitivity, and simple tumor models. Research on diagnosing lung tumors has been very popular in recent years, but targeting assays in orthotopic lung tumors is still of great research value, as such models better mimic the reality of cancer in the organism. Here, we developed a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe IR-ABS that jointly targets NTR and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). IR-ABS has excellent sensitivity and selectivity and shows exceptional NTR response in spectroscopic tests. The measurements ensured that this probe has good biosafety in both cells and mice. A better NTR response was found in hypoxic tumor cells at the cellular level, distinguishing tumor cells from normal cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IR-ABS achieves a hypoxic response at the zebrafish level and enables rapid and accurate tumor margin distinguishment in different mouse tumor models. More importantly, we successfully applied IR-ABS for NTR detection in orthotopic lung tumor models, further combined with tracheal inhalation drug delivery to improve targeting. To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time a near-infrared imaging method for targeting lung cancerous tumor in situ via tracheal inhalation drug delivery, in contrast to the reported literature. This NIR fluorescence diagnostic strategy for targeting orthotopic lung cancer holds exciting potential for clinical aid in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingxuan Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Third Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, 650000 Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liangting Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
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Liu J, Xu Z, Meng C, Wusiman S, Xie X, Wang Y, Xiao F, Gu C, Chen J, Ling CC, Li P, Yuan Z, Ling Y. Acidic tumor microenvironment-activatable fluorescent diagnostic probe for the rapid identification and resection of human tumors via spraying. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115343. [PMID: 37167656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent diagnostic probe for real-time intraoperative image-guided tumor resection can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of oncological therapy, but their development is challenging. Herein, a novel fluorescent diagnostic probe called HLTC based on β-carboline was designed and synthesized. HLTC was found to show a ∼10-fold enhancement of fluorescence quantum field with pH from 7.4 to 4.0, indicating its imaging potential in acid environment which is a typical hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Following fluorescence microscopy imaging showed HLTC could emit specific signals in cancer cells and sections, by both one-photon excitation and two-photon excitation. Importantly, HLTC enabled the precise and rapid delineation of both transplanted tumor and clinical tumor tissues within several minutes of simple topical spray. The tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was up to 10.2 ± 1.0 at clinical liver cancer tissues and 9.9 ± 0.3 at clinical colon cancer tissues, allowing precise tumor margin identification and the effective guidance of surgical tumor resection. Furthermore, CCK8 assay, pharmacokinetic evaluation, blood analysis and H&E staining were performed, which verified high biocompatibility and biosafety of HLTC at working concentration. These results reveal the exciting potential of this small-molecule fluorescent diagnostic probe for real-time fluorescence-based navigation during surgical tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Sainaiwaiergul Wusiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Third People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Third People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Gai L, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Lu H, Guo Z. BODIPY-based probes for hypoxic environments. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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9
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Lee SH, Park CS, Lee KK, Han TH, Ban HS, Lee CS. Hemicyanine-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescence Off-On Probes for Imaging Intracellular and In Vivo Nitroreductase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076074. [PMID: 37047042 PMCID: PMC10094042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) has the ability to activate nitro group-containing prodrugs and decompose explosives; thus, the evaluation of NTR activity is specifically important in pharmaceutical and environmental areas. Numerous studies have verified effective fluorescent methods to detect and image NTR activity; however, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes for biological applications are lacking. Thus, in this study, we synthesized novel NIR probes (NIR-HCy-NO2 1-3) by introducing a nitro group to the hemicyanine skeleton to obtain fluorescence images of NTR activity. Additionally, this study was also designed to propose a different water solubility and investigate the catalytic efficiency of NTR. NIR-HCy-NO2 inherently exhibited a low fluorescence background due to the interference of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) by the nitro group. The conversion from the nitro to amine group by NTR induced a change in the absorbance spectra and lead to the intense enhancement of the fluorescence spectra. When assessing the catalytic efficiency and the limit of detection (LOD), including NTR activity imaging, it was demonstrated that NIR-HCy-NO2 1 was superior to the other two probes. Moreover, we found that NIR-HCy-NO2 1 reacted with type I mitochondrial NTR in live cell imaging. Conclusively, NIR-HCy-NO2 demonstrated a great potential for application in various NTR-related fields, including NTR activity for cell imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyeok Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-nanomaterials, Bio Campus of Korea Polytechnics, Nonsan 32943, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Kwan Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang K, Liu C, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Su M, Wang X, Liu M, Rong X, Zhu B. Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for diagnosis of cancer cells/tissues. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 477:214946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang S, Zhang XF, Wang HS, Liu J, Shen SL, Cao XQ. A highly sensitive NIR fluorescence probe for hypoxia imaging in cells and ulcerative colitis. Talanta 2023; 252:123834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Sonkaya Ö, Soylukan C, Pamuk Algi M, Algi F. Aza-BODIPY-based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensors and Probes. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:20-60. [PMID: 35170414 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220216123033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aza-boron-dipyrromethenes (Aza-BODIPYs) represent an important class of chromophores absorbing and emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) region. They have unique optical and electronic features and higher physiological and photo stability than other NIR dyes. Especially after the development of facile synthetic routes, Aza-BODIPYs have become indispensable fluors that can find various applications ranging from chemosensors, bioimaging, phototherapy, solar energy materials, photocatalysis, photon upconversion, lasers, and optoelectronics. Herein, we review Aza-BODIPY based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. We show the potential and untapped toolbox of Aza-BODIPY based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. Hence, we divide the fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors and probes into five sections according to the target analytes. The first section begins with the chemosensors developed for pH. Next, we discuss Aza-BODIPY based ion sensors, including metal ions and anions. Finally, we present the chemosensors and probes concerning reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) along with biologically relevant species in the last two sections. We believe that Aza-BODIPYs are still in their infancy, and they have a promising future for translation from the bench to real biomedical and materials science applications. After two decades of intensive research, it seems that there are many more to come in this already fertile field. Overall, we hope that future work will further expand the applications of Aza-BODIPY in many areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Sonkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
- ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Caner Soylukan
- ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Melek Pamuk Algi
- Department of Chemistry, Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
- ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Algi
- ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM Memduh Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
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13
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Li Y, Chen Q, Pan X, Lu W, Zhang J. New insight into the application of fluorescence platforms in tumor diagnosis: From chemical basis to clinical application. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:570-613. [PMID: 36420715 DOI: 10.1002/med.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early and rapid diagnosis of tumors is essential for clinical treatment or management. In contrast to conventional means, bioimaging has the potential to accurately locate and diagnose tumors at an early stage. Fluorescent probe has been developed as an ideal tool to visualize tumor sites and to detect biological molecules which provides a requirement for noninvasive, real-time, precise, and specific visualization of structures and complex biochemical processes in vivo. Rencently, the development of synthetic organic chemistry and new materials have facilitated the development of near-infrared small molecular sensing platforms and nanoimaging platforms. This provides a competitive tool for various fields of bioimaging such as biological structure and function imaging, disease diagnosis, in situ at the in vivo level, and real-time dynamic imaging. This review systematically focused on the recent progress of small molecular near-infrared fluorescent probes and nano-fluorescent probes as new biomedical imaging tools in the past 3-5 years, and it covers the application of tumor biomarker sensing, tumor microenvironment imaging, and tumor vascular imaging, intraoperative guidance and as an integrated platform for diagnosis, aiming to provide guidance for researchers to design and develop future biomedical diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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14
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Xu S, Liu Y, Wang Z, He A, Jin G. Symmetry dual functional pyrimidine-BODIPY probes for imaging targeting and activity study. Front Chem 2022; 10:977008. [PMID: 36204148 PMCID: PMC9530934 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.977008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondestructive diagnosis of tumor has always been the goal of scientists. Fluorescent dyes have become the rising star in the field of cancer diagnosis because of their excellent characteristics. Therefore, in this work, fluorescence probes d-Y-B and dO-Y-B with anti-tumor activity were constructed by introducing pyrimidine groups with high anti-tumor activity using fluorescence dye BODIPY as parent nucleus. The modified BODIPY group in the structure had the advantage of fluorescent dye, ensuring the strong fluorescence and photosensitivity of the target compound. That ethylenediamine acts as a bridge with two -NH- groups to increase molecular hydrogen bonding, and can bind firmly to multiple proteins. Co-localization of the target compounds d-Y-B and dO-Y-B with the hoechst dye for labeling living cells showed that these compounds had high biocompatibility and photostability for localization to HeLa cells. In vivo imaging in mice can realize specific localization and real-time visualization of tumor cells. The results of cytotoxicity experiments in vitro and computer software simulating molecular docking confirmed the potential of the target compounds as an anticancer agents. The bifunctional probe realized visualization of cancer cells in mice, and can kill cancer cells by anti-proliferation, which may provide a direction for future anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Xu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Aolin He
- Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guofan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guofan Jin,
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15
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Zhao J, Ma T, Chang B, Fang J. Recent Progress on NIR Fluorescent Probes for Enzymes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185922. [PMID: 36144654 PMCID: PMC9503431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of diseases’ biomarkers are enzymes, and the regulation of enzymes is fundamental but crucial. Biological system disorders and diseases can result from abnormal enzymatic activity. Given the biological significance of enzymes, researchers have devised a plethora of tools to map the activity of particular enzymes in order to gain insight regarding their function and distribution. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging studies on enzymes may help to better understand their roles in living systems due to their natural imaging advantages. We review the NIR fluorescent probe design strategies that have been attempted by researchers to develop NIR fluorescent sensors of enzymes, and these works have provided deep and intuitive insights into the study of enzymes in biological systems. The recent enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes and their applications in imaging are summarized, and the prospects and challenges of developing enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes are discussed.
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Zheng Q, Zhang W, Rao GW. Protein Lysine Methyltransferase SMYD2: A Promising Small Molecule Target for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10119-10132. [PMID: 35914250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In epigenetic research, the abnormality of protein methylation modification is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, which stimulates the interest of researchers in protein methyltransferase research and the efforts to develop corresponding specific small molecule inhibitors. Currently, the protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 has been identified as a promising new small molecule target for cancer therapy. But its biological functions have not been fully studied and relatively few inhibitors have been reported, thus this field needs to be further explored. This perspective provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the available resources in this field, including its research status, biological structure, related substrates and methylation mechanisms, and research status of inhibitors. In addition, this perspective elaborates in detail the current challenges in this field, our insights into what needs to be done next, rational drug design of novel SMYD2 inhibitors, and foreseeable development directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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17
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Wang H, Zhang X, Dong H, Chen Q, Cao X, Shen S. Activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe triggered by nitroreductase for in vivo ulcerative colitis hypoxia imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Karan S, Cho MY, Lee H, Park HS, Han EH, Song Y, Lee Y, Kim M, Cho JH, Sessler JL, Hong KS. Hypoxia-Responsive Luminescent CEST MRI Agent for In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Detection and Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7106-7117. [PMID: 35580357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors and a key determinant of cancer growth and propagation. Sensing hypoxia effectively could lead to more favorable clinical outcomes. Here, we report a molecular antenna-based bimodal probe designed to exploit the complementary advantages of magnetic resonance (MR)- and optical-based imaging. Specifically, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a dual-action probe (NO2-Eu) that permits hypoxia-activated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MR and optical imaging. In CT26 cells, this NO2-Eu probe not only provides an enhanced CEST MRI signal but also turns "on" the optical signal under hypoxic conditions. Time-dependent in vivo CEST imaging in a hypoxic CT26 tumor xenograft mouse model revealed probe-dependent tumor detection by CEST MRI contrast in the tumor area. We thus suggest that dual-action hypoxia probes, like that reported here, could have a role to play in solid tumor diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Karan
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Youngkyu Song
- Research Equipment Operations Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Youlee Lee
- Research Equipment Operations Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Science, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jee-Hyun Cho
- Research Equipment Operations Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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19
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Wang H, Yang M, Ji M, Wang P. A benzoindole-based fluorescent probe for nitroreductase imaging in living cells under hypoxia conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022; 427:113814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Yu C, Wang S, Xu C, Ding Y, Zhang G, Yang N, Wu Q, Xiao Q, Wang L, Fang B, Pu C, Ge J, Gao L, Li L, Yao SQ. Two-Photon Small-Molecule Fluorogenic Probes for Visualizing Endogenous Nitroreductase Activities from Tumor Tissues of a Cancer Patient. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200400. [PMID: 35485404 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR), a common enzymatic biomarker of hypoxia, is widely used to evaluate tumor microenvironments. To date, numerous optical probes have been reported for NTRs detection. Approaches capable of concisely guiding the probe design of NTRs suitable for deep-tissue imaging, however, are still lacking. As such, direct optical imaging of endogenous NTR activities from tumors derived from cancer patients is thus far not possible. Herein, aided by computational calculations, the authors have successfully developed a series of two-photon (TP) small-molecule fluorogenic probes capable of sensitively detecting general NTR activities from various biological samples; by optimizing the distance between the recognition moiety and the reactive site of NTRs from different sources, the authors have discovered and experimentally proven that X4 displays the best performance in both sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, X4 shows excellent TP excited fluorescence properties capable of directly monitoring/imaging endogenous NTR activities from live mammalian cells, growing zebrafish, and tumor-bearing mice. Finally, with an outstanding TP tissue-penetrating imaging property, X4 is used, for the first time, to successfully detect endogenous NTR activities from the liver lysates and cardia tissues of a cancer patient. The work may provide a universal strategy to design novel TP small-molecule enzymatic probes in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Gaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qicai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen) Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Chibin Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen) Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE Future Technologies) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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Yang Y, Zhai H, Yuan J, Wang K, Zhang H. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Flavinase Activity: Design and Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200043. [PMID: 35174973 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavinases, including monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/MAO-B), quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), nitroreductase (NTR) and so on, are important redox enzymes in organisms. They are considered as biomarkers of cell energy metabolism and cell vitality. Importantly, their aberrant expression is related to various disease processes. Therefore, the accurate measurement of flavinase is useful for the early diagnosis of diseases, which has aroused great concern in the scientific community. Various methods are also available for the detection of flavinases, fluorescence probes are considered to be one of the best detection methods due to their easy and accurate sensing capability. This review aims to introduce the advances in the design and application of flavinase probes in the last five years. This study focuses on analyzing the design strategies and reaction mechanisms of flavinases fluorescent probes and discusses the current challenges, which will further advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for flavinase-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Yang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hongchen Zhai
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chenistry and chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kui Wang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 46 Jianshe Road, Muye Zone,, 453007, Xinxiang, CHINA
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22
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Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhao L, Bai Y, Chen X, Wu K, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Lighting Up Electrochemiluminescence-Inactive Dyes via Grafting Enabled by Intramolecular Resonance Energy Transfer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3296-3302. [PMID: 35143169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to near-zero optical background and photobleaching, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), an optical phenomenon excited by electrochemical reactions, has drawn extensive attention, especially for ultrasensitive bioassays. Developing diverse ECL emitters is crucial to unlocking their multiformity and performances but remains a formidable challenge due to the rigorous requirements for ECL. Herein, we report a general strategy to light up ECL-inactive dyes in an aqueous solution via grafting, a well-developed concept for plant propagation since 500 BCE. As a proof of concept, a series of luminol donor-dye acceptor-based ECL emitters were grafted with near-unity resonance energy transfer (RET) efficiency and coarse/fine-tunable emission wavelengths. Rather than the sophisticated design of new skeleton-based molecules to meet all of the prerequisites for ECL in a constrained manner, each unit in the proposed ECL ensemble performed its functions maximally. As a result, beyond traditional two-dimensional (2D) ones, a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate biosensing system, simultaneously showing a calibration curve and selectivity, was established using the new ECL emitter. This lighting up strategy would generally address the scarcity of ECL emitters and enable unprecedented functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zheng
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhan Bai
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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23
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Das S, Indurthi HK, Asati P, Sharma DK. Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Sensing and Bioimaging of Nitroreductase. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Pulkit Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
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24
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Li S, Huo F, Yin C. Progress in the past five years of small organic molecule dyes for tumor microenvironment imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12642-12652. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the survival environment for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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25
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Wickhorst PJ, Ihmels H, Lammert-Baumgartner MM, Müller M, Schönherr H. 9-Nitrobenzo[ b]quinolizinium as a fluorogenic probe for the detection of nitroreductase in vitro and in Escherichia coli. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The non-fluorescent 9-nitrobenzo[b]quinolizinium is readily reduced by nitroreductase to fluorescent reaction products whose formation depends on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jonas Wickhorst
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Melanie Marianne Lammert-Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Both nitroreductase and the folate receptor are highly expressed in hypoxic tumors. The folate receptor is a potential target for tumors, and nitroreductase can selectively turn on the fluorescence of probes by reducing the nitro group to an amino group. Karan et al. (Karana, S., Cho, M., Lee, H., Lee, H., Park, H., Sundararajan, M., Sessler, J., and Hong, K. Near-infrared fluorescent probe activated by nitroreductase for in vitro and in vivo hypoxic tumor detection. J. Med. Chem. 2021) developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe for hypoxia tumor imaging analysis in vitro and in vivo using folate as the targeting site. This promising strategy may promote advances in precision diagnosis and treatment models of malignant tumors. This Viewpoint looks ahead to new possibilities rendered by their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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