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Kang S, Choi W, Ahn J, Kim T, Oh JH, Kim D. Impact of Packing Geometry on Excimer Characteristics and Mobility in Perylene Bisimide Polycrystalline Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:18134-18143. [PMID: 38554079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is essential for high-performance optoelectronics. Considerable efforts have been focused on improving the exciton mobility in organic materials. While it is feasible to improve mobility in organic systems by forming well-ordered stacks, the formation of trap states, particularly the lower-lying states referred to as excimers, remains a significant challenge to enhancing mobility. The mobility of excimer excitons intricately depends on the strength of excitonic coupling in terms of Förster-type diffusive exciton transfer processes. Given that the formation and mobility of excimer excitons are highly sensitive to molecular arrangements (packing geometries), conducting comprehensive investigations into the structure-property relationship in organic systems is crucial. In this study, we prepared three types of polycrystalline films of perylene bisimide (PBI) by varying substituents at the imide and bay positions, which allowed us to tailor the properties of excimer excitons and their mobility based on packing geometries and excitonic coupling strengths. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed ultrafast excimer formation in the higher coupling regime, while in the lower coupling regime, the transition from Frenkel to excimer excitons occurs with a time constant of 500 fs. Under high pump-fluence, exciton-exciton annihilation processes occur, indicating the diffusion of excimer excitons. Intriguingly, employing a three-dimensional diffusion model, we derived a diffusion constant that is 3000 times greater in the high coupling regime than in the low coupling regime. To investigate the optoelectronic properties in the form of a bulk system, we fabricated n-type organic field effect transistors and obtained 8000 times higher mobility in the high coupling regime. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements enable us to investigate the charge carrier transport by mobile excimer excitons, suggesting a 230-fold improvement in external quantum efficiency with tightly packing PBI molecules compared to the low coupling regime. These findings not only offer valuable insights into optimizing organic materials for optoelectronic devices but also unveil the intriguing potential of exciton migration within excimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Li Y, Ren J, Liu S, Zhao B, Liang Z, Jee MH, Qin H, Su W, Woo HY, Gao C. Tailoring the Molecular Planarity of Perylene Diimide-Based Third Component toward Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2401176. [PMID: 38529741 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating a third component into binary organic solar cells (b-OSCs) has provided a potential platform to boost power conversion efficiency (PCEs). However, gaining control over the non-equilibrium blend morphology via the molecular design of the perylene diimide (PDI)-based third component toward efficient ternary organic solar cells (t-OSCs) still remains challenging. Herein, two novel PDI derivatives are developed with tailored molecular planarity, namely ufBTz-2PDI and fBTz-2PDI, as the third component for t-OSCs. Notably, after performing a cyclization reaction, the twisted ufBTz-2PDI with an amorphous character transferred to the highly planar fBTz-2PDI followed by a semi-crystalline character. When incorporating the semi-crystalline fBTz-2PDI into the D18:L8-BO system, the resultant t-OSC achieved an impressive PCE of 18.56%, surpassing the 17.88% attained in b-OSCs. In comparison, the addition of amorphous ufBTz-2PDI into the binary system facilitates additional charge trap sites and results in a deteriorative PCE of 14.37%. Additionally, The third component fBTz-2PDI possesses a good generality in optimizing the PCEs of several b-OSCs systems are demonstrated. The results not only provided a novel A-DA'D-A motif for further designing efficient third component but also demonstrated the crucial role of modulated crystallinity of the PDI-based third component in optimizing PCEs of t-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information School of Electronics Science & Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
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Fabre N, Trojanowicz R, Moreaud L, Fiorini-Debuisschert C, Vassant S, Charra F. Structure and Photonic Properties of a Perylenediimide Monolayer Assembled by the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique. Langmuir 2023; 39:18252-18262. [PMID: 38051255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The photonic responses of densely packed dye molecule assemblies are strongly dependent on their organization and environment. The precise control of molecular orientations and distances relative to the substrate and to each other is thus a key point in the design of photonic molecular materials. Herein, we report the preparation of a homogeneous and well-organized single monolayer of the perylenediimide (PDI) derivative by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Its optical properties disclose an intense charge-transfer excitonic absorption band related to important intermolecular coupling. Furthermore, an important immunity to photobleaching is observed for such a molecular assembly. The dipolar orientations of the molecules along the substrate have been unambiguously determined by angle-of-incidence-resolved polarized absorption and back-focal-plane fluorescence mapping. In addition, time-resolved spectroscopy reveals a fast two-dimensional diffusion of excitons consistent with strong π-stacking of adjacent PDI molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fabre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Remigiusz Trojanowicz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Laureen Moreaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Simon Vassant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Service de Physique de l'État condensé (SPEC), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
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4
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Chen M, Chu R, Kistemaker JCM, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Perylene Diimide Based Fluorescent Sensors for Drug Simulant Detection: The Effect of Alkyl-Chain Branching on Film Morphology, Exciton Diffusion, Vapor Diffusion, and Sensing Response. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56386-56396. [PMID: 37982219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for rapid trace detection of chemical vapors (analytes). Analyte diffusion has been shown to be the critical factor for real-time luminescence-based detection of explosive analytes via photoinduced electron transfer in amorphous films of conjugated polymers and dendrimers. However, similar studies to determine the critical factors for sensing have not been performed on materials that employ photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) to detect low electron affinity analytes such as illicit drugs. Nor have such studies been performed on semicrystalline sensing films. We have developed a family of perylene diimide-based sensing materials capable of undergoing PHT with amine-group containing analytes. It was found that the choice of branched alkyl chain [1-hexylheptyl (PHH), 2-hexyloctyl (PHO), or 2,2-dihexyloctyl (PDHO)] attached to the nitrogen atoms of the imide moiety strongly affected the solution-processed film morphology. PHH and PHO were found to contain crystalline phases, whereas PDHO was essentially amorphous. The degree of crystallinity strongly influenced exciton diffusion, with PHH and PHO exhibiting exciton diffusion coefficients that were 20× and 10× greater than the value of the amorphous PDHO. The degree of film crystallinity was also found to be critical when the films were applied to detect N-methylphenethylamine (MPEA), a simulant of methamphetamine. While PHH had the largest exciton diffusion coefficient [(1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-2 cm2 s-1] and analyte uptake (12.3 ± 1.8 ng) it showed the smallest quenching efficiency (2.6% ng-1). In contrast, PHO, which sorbed the least analyte (6.1 ± 0.4 ng) of the three compounds, had the largest quenching efficiency (7.1% ng-1) due to its molecular packing and hence exciton diffusion coefficient [(4.5 ± 1.4) × 10-3 cm2 s-1] not being affected by sorption of the analyte. These results show that when applying fluorescent films in practical detection scenarios there is a potential trade-off between a high exciton diffusion constant and analyte diffusion for semicrystalline sensing materials and that a high exciton diffusion coefficient in an as-cast film does not necessarily translate into a more efficient fluorescent quenching. The results also show that sensing materials that form semicrystalline films, whose packing is not disrupted by analyte diffusion, provide a route for overcoming these effects and achieving high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jos C M Kistemaker
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5
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Qin C, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Song J, Jiao Z, Ma S, Qin R, Jiang Y. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of a Mixed Excimer State in Perylene Monoimide Dimer by Femtosecond Transient Absorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2455-2462. [PMID: 36867121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A J-type dimer PMI-2, two perylene monoimides linked by butadiynylene bridger was prepared, and its excited-state dynamics was studied using ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, along with steady-state spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. It is evidently demonstrated that the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) process in PMI-2 is positively mediated by an excimer, which is mixed by localized Frenkel excitation (LE) and an interunit charge transfer (CT) state. Kinetic studies show that, with the polarity increasing of the solvent, the transformation of excimer from a mixture to the CT state (SB-CS) is accelerated, and the recombination time of the CT state is reduced obviously. Theoretical calculations indicate that these are due to PMI-2 obtaining more negative free energy (ΔGcs) and lower CT state energy levels in highly polar solvents. Our work suggests that the mixed excimer can be formed in a J-type dimer with suitable structure, in which the charge separation the process is sensitive to the solvent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qiaoling Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jian Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zhaoyong Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ruiping Qin
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Design and Recycle for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials & Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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6
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Ahmed R, Manna AK. Electronic Structures and Charge Mobilities of Several Regioisomeric B 2N 2-Substituted Perylenediimides. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2742-2750. [PMID: 36921232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable and rich electronic properties of perylenediimide (PDI), an n-type semiconductor together with its synthetic ease and processibility, make it suitable for various optoelectronic and field-effect transistor applications. The electronic structures, spectroscopic properties, and charge mobilities for a few isoelectronic BN-substituted PDIs (B2N2-PDIs) with varied BN-patterning are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT employing optimally tuned range-separated hybrid. Two substitutional doping patterns, namely, BNNB and NBBN with zero dipole and also BNBN, the one with a finite dipole, are considered to explore the changes in the PDI properties due to different B2N2-substitutions. All three B2N2-PDIs are found to be dynamically stable and lie within a small energy window of ca. ∼1.7 kcal mol-1. An increased electronic gap due to charge localization produces a similar but slightly blue-shifted low-lying optical peak compared to the pristine PDI, in good agreement with the experimental observations. Additionally, differently considered BN patterns result in only slightly varied charge mobilities due to mainly differences in electronic couplings with larger electron mobilities found for the experimentally synthesized BNNB-PDI crystal. On the other hand, small reorganization energy and relatively large coupling for the hole transport produce greater hole mobilities for the NBBN-PDI. Varied nuclear reorganization and electronic coupling are understood by analyzing Huang-Rhys factors associated with normal modes and frontier molecular orbitals, respectively. These results serve as complementary to understanding the recently reported experimental findings and also provide new insights into the impact of different BN patterns on modulating the PDI electronic and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India
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7
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Kim T, Lin C, Schultz JD, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. π-Stacking-Dependent Vibronic Couplings Drive Excited-State Dynamics in Perylenediimide Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11386-11396. [PMID: 35699940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibronic coupling, the interplay of electronic and nuclear vibrational motion, is considered a critical mechanism in photoinduced reactions such as energy transfer, charge transfer, and singlet fission. However, our understanding of how particular vibronic couplings impact excited-state dynamics is lacking due to the limited number of experimental studies of model molecular systems. Herein, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to launch and interrogate a range of vibronic coherences in two distinct types of perylenediimide slip stacks─along the short and long molecular axes, which form either an excimer or a mixed state between the Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge transfer states. We explore the functionality of these vibronic coherences using quantum beatmaps, which display the Fourier amplitude signal oscillations as a function of pump and probe frequencies, along with knowledge of the characteristic signatures of the FE, ionic, and excimer species. We find that a low-frequency vibrational mode of the short-axis slip stack appears concomitantly with the formation of the excimer state, survives 2-fold longer than in the FE state in the reference monomer, and shows a phase shift compared to other modes. For the long-axis slip stacks, a pair of low-frequency modes coupled to a high-frequency coordinate of the FE state were found to play a critical role in mixed-state generation. Our findings thus experimentally reveal the complex and varying roles of vibronic couplings in tightly packed multimers undergoing a range of photoinduced processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Lu H, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu X, Bo Z. Improving the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Introducing Perylene Diimide Derivative as Third Component and Individually Dissolving Donor/Acceptor. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:5442-5449. [PMID: 34581011 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A perylene diimide (PDI) derivative was used as the third component to prepare high-efficiency ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). PDI derivatives usually bear a wide bandgap and a long exciton diffusion length, which could be helpful to promote the device efficiency and still retain a high open-circuit voltage (Voc ). Compared with the binary OSC, the photovoltaic performance improved. Further changing the method for preparing the processing solutions from dissolving the polymer donor and small-molecule acceptor ITTC together to dissolving them individually, molecular packing in the deposited active layer could be adjusted and the short-circuit current density could be increased. As a result, the final device efficiency in such OSCs achieved 12.29 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a high Voc of 0.93 V. When using the PDI derivative as the third component to D18 : BTP-eC9-based OSCs, a high PCE of 17.38 % was obtained, which is the best one among photovoltaic devices employing PDI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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9
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Shunak L, Adeniran O, Voscoboynik G, Liu ZF, Refaely-Abramson S. Exciton Modulation in Perylene-Based Molecular Crystals Upon Formation of a Metal-Organic Interface From Many-Body Perturbation Theory. Front Chem 2021; 9:743391. [PMID: 34616715 PMCID: PMC8488370 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited-state processes at organic-inorganic interfaces consisting of molecular crystals are essential in energy conversion applications. While advances in experimental methods allow direct observation and detection of exciton transfer across such junctions, a detailed understanding of the underlying excitonic properties due to crystal packing and interface structure is still largely lacking. In this work, we use many-body perturbation theory to study structure-property relations of excitons in molecular crystals upon adsorption on a gold surface. We explore the case of the experimentally-studied octyl perylene diimide (C8-PDI) as a prototypical system, and use the GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach to quantify the change in quasiparticle and exciton properties due to intermolecular and substrate screening. Our findings provide a close inspection of both local and environmental structural effects dominating the excitation energies and the exciton binding and nature, as well as their modulation upon the metal-organic interface composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Shunak
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olugbenga Adeniran
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guy Voscoboynik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Haque A, El Moll H, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY. Functional Materials Based on Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes: A Review of Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14154236. [PMID: 34361430 PMCID: PMC8347388 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Square planar organoplatinum(II) complexes have garnered immense interest in the area of materials research. The combination of the Pt(II) fragment with mono-, bi- tri- and tetradentate organic ligands gives rise to a large variety of complexes with intriguing properties, especially cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes in which ligands are connected through covalent bonds demonstrate higher stability, excellent photoluminescence properties, and diverse applications. The properties and applications of the Pt(II)-based materials can be smartly fine-tuned via a judicious selection of the cyclometalating as well as ancillary ligands. In this review, attempts have been made to provide a brief review of the recent developments of neutral Pt(II) organometallic complexes bearing bidentate cyclometalating ligands and β-diketonate ancillary ligands, i.e., (C^N)Pt(O^O) and (C^C)Pt(O^O) derivatives. Both small (monomeric, dimeric) and large (polymeric) materials have been considered. We critically assessed the role of functionalities (ligands) on photophysical properties and their impact on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Hani El Moll
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Khalaf M. Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.M.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.S.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
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11
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Sideri IK, Jang Y, Garcés-Garcés J, Sastre-Santos Á, Canton-Vitoria R, Kitaura R, Fernández-Lázaro F, D'Souza F, Tagmatarchis N. Unveiling the Photoinduced Electron-Donating Character of MoS 2 in Covalently Linked Hybrids Featuring Perylenediimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9120-9126. [PMID: 33559945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of MoS2 with a perylenediimide (PDI) is reported and the study is accompanied by detailed characterization of the newly prepared MoS2 -PDI hybrid material. Covalently functionalized MoS2 interfacing organic photoactive species has shown electron and/or energy accepting, energy reflecting or bi-directional electron accepting features. Herein, a rationally designed PDI, unsubstituted at the perylene core to act as electron acceptor, forces MoS2 to fully demonstrate for the first time its electron donor capabilities. The photophysical response of MoS2 -PDI is visualized in an energy-level diagram, while femtosecond transient absorption studies disclose the formation of MoS2 .+ -PDI.- charge separated state. The tunable electronic properties of MoS2 , as a result of covalently linking photoactive organic species with precise characteristics, unlock their potentiality and enable their application in light-harvesting and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna K Sideri
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Jose Garcés-Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
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12
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Sideri IK, Jang Y, Garcés‐Garcés J, Sastre‐Santos Á, Canton‐Vitoria R, Kitaura R, Fernández‐Lázaro F, D'Souza F, Tagmatarchis N. Unveiling the Photoinduced Electron‐Donating Character of MoS
2
in Covalently Linked Hybrids Featuring Perylenediimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna K. Sideri
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Jose Garcés‐Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández 03202 Elche Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre‐Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández 03202 Elche Spain
| | | | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | | | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
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13
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Haldar R, Kozlowska M, Ganschow M, Ghosh S, Jakoby M, Chen H, Ghalami F, Xie W, Heidrich S, Tsutsui Y, Freudenberg J, Seki S, Howard IA, Richards BS, Bunz UHF, Elstner M, Wenzel W, Wöll C. Interplay of structural dynamics and electronic effects in an engineered assembly of pentacene in a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4477-4483. [PMID: 34168750 PMCID: PMC8179632 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge carrier mobility is an important figure of merit to evaluate organic semiconductor (OSC) materials. In aggregated OSCs, this quantity is determined by inter-chromophoric electronic and vibrational coupling. These key parameters sensitively depend on structural properties, including the density of defects. We have employed a new type of crystalline assembly strategy to engineer the arrangement of the OSC pentacene in a structure not realized as crystals to date. Our approach is based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in which suitably substituted pentacenes act as ditopic linkers and assemble into highly ordered π-stacks with long-range order. Layer-by-layer fabrication of the MOF yields arrays of electronically coupled pentacene chains, running parallel to the substrate surface. Detailed photophysical studies reveal strong, anisotropic inter-pentacene electronic coupling, leading to efficient charge delocalization. Despite a high degree of structural order and pronounced dispersion of the 1D-bands for the static arrangement, our experimental results demonstrate hopping-like charge transport with an activation energy of 64 meV dominating the band transport over a wide range of temperatures. A thorough combined quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics investigation identifies frustrated localized rotations of the pentacene cores as the reason for the breakdown of band transport and paves the way for a crystal engineering strategy of molecular OSCs that independently varies the arrangement of the molecular cores and their vibrational degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Ganschow
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science Nanjing China
| | - Farhad Ghalami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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14
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Parejo L, Chaari M, Santiago S, Guirado G, Teixidor F, Núñez R, Hernando J. Reversibly Switchable Fluorescent Molecular Systems Based on Metallacarborane-Perylenediimide Conjugates. Chemistry 2021; 27:270-280. [PMID: 32648595 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Icosahedral metallacarboranes are θ-shaped anionic molecules in which two icosahedra share one vertex that is a metal center. The most remarkable of these compounds is the anionic cobalt-based metallacarborane [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- , whose oxidation-reduction processes occur via an outer sphere electron process. This, along with its low density negative charge, makes [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- very appealing to participate in electron-transfer processes. In this work, [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- is tethered to a perylenediimide dye to produce the first examples of switchable luminescent molecules and materials based on metallacarboranes. In particular, the electronic communication of [Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- with the appended chromophore unit in these compounds can be regulated upon application of redox stimuli, which allows the reversible modulation of the emitted fluorescence. As such, they behave as electrochemically-controlled fluorescent molecular switches in solution, which surpass the performance of previous systems based on conjugates of perylendiimides with ferrocene. Remarkably, they can form gels by treatment with appropriate mixtures of organic solvents, which result from the self-assembly of the cobaltabisdicarbollide-perylendiimide conjugates into 1D nanostructures. The interplay between dye π-stacking and metallacarborane electronic and steric interactions ultimately governs the supramolecular arrangement in these materials, which for one of the compounds prepared allows preserving the luminescent behavior in the gel state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parejo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahdi Chaari
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Santiago
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Ahmed R, Manna AK. Theoretical insights on tunable optoelectronics and charge mobilities in cyano-perylenediimides: interplays between -CN numbers and positions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14687-14698. [PMID: 34190243 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Air-stable perylenediimide (PDI) and its derivatives, in particular the cyano-functionalized ones, have attracted great research attention for their potential use in flexible optoelectronics, organic field-effect-transistors (OFETs) as n-type transport materials and also as non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein we provide a detailed theoretical study on the optical, electrochemical and charge-transport properties (electron and hole mobilities) in a few CN-substituted PDIs with varied number of -CN at different positions (both symmetric and asymmetric di- and tetra-CN derivatives) using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT implementing optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid (OT-SRSH) combining with kinetic rate theory. All cyano-PDIs studied here are energetically stable and form stable π-stacked structures similar to the pristine one, and also act as better electron acceptors. No significant changes in the PDI optical properties are found with the different ways of CN-functionalization, but, this strongly affects the π-stacked geometry, and thereby the electronic coupling, which greatly modulates the PDI intrinsic carrier mobility. Calculated room-temperature electron mobility for the pristine PDI is in excellent agreement with the reported OFET value (∼0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1). Interestingly, relatively large electronic couplings together with small reorganization energies of the symmetrically substituted tetra-CN PDI result in very large charge mobilities (0.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 for electrons and 5.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 for holes) among the systems studied. Therefore, this may serve as a potential ambipolar transport material and hence, naturally calls for experimental demonstration. This detailed and comprehensive study sheds light on the complex interplays between the -CN numbers and the positions for tailored optoelectronic and charge-transport in several functional PDIs, and also shows routes to molecularly design potential n-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, AP 517506, India.
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, AP 517506, India.
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16
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Kong J, Zhang W, Li G, Huo D, Guo Y, Niu X, Wan Y, Tang B, Xia A. Excited-State Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Dynamics in Multibranched Perylene Diimide Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10329-10339. [PMID: 33232151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising nonfullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics, perylene diimide (PDI)-based multibranched molecules with twisted or three-dimensional (3D) geometric structures have been developed, which effectively increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. Understanding the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric molecular architectures at molecular and ultrafast time levels is a crucial step in establishing new design principles in organic electronic materials. For this, photodriven excited-state symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) of PDI-based multichromophoric acceptors has been proposed to improve the PCE by reducing the self-aggregation of the planar PDI monomer. Herein, we investigated the intramolecular excited-state SB-CS and charge recombination (CR) dynamics of two symmetric phenyl-methane-based PDI derivatives, a twist dimer PM-PDI2 (phenyl-methane-based PDI dimer) and a 3D configuration tetramer PM-PDI4 (phenyl-methane-based PDI tetramer), in different solvents using ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The quantum chemical calculations and steady-state spectra show that the two PDI derivatives undergo conformational changes upon excitation, leading to their emission states that have the characteristics of partial charge-transfer (CT) exciton in all solvents. Based on the evolution of the fs-TA data, it is observed that the evolution from the CT state to SB-CS state is disfavored in a weak polar solvent, whereas clear SB-CS spectroscopic signatures of cationic and anionic PDI are observed in polar solvents. Faster CS and slower CR processes of PM-PDI4 are observed in comparison to those of PM-PDI2. The crowded space in the 3D structure shortens the distance between the branches, leading to a stronger electronic coupling at the lowest excited state and a larger negative Gibbs free energy change of PM-PDI4 relative to that of PM-PDI2, which benefits the charge separation among PDI units in PM-PDI4. Besides, the 3D structure of PM-PDI4 also restricts rotation to a surface crossing region between the excited state and ground state, thus inhibiting nonradiative CR process and increasing the CS state lifetime. Our results suggest that the kinetics of CS and CR processes are strongly related to the molecular geometric structure, and the excited-state symmetry breaking in the 3D structure acceptor has superior photogenerated charge and photovoltaic properties from the perspective of ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Dayujia Huo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Sciences, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ye L, Weng K, Xu J, Du X, Chandrabose S, Chen K, Zhou J, Han G, Tan S, Xie Z, Yi Y, Li N, Liu F, Hodgkiss JM, Brabec CJ, Sun Y. Unraveling the influence of non-fullerene acceptor molecular packing on photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6005. [PMID: 33243982 PMCID: PMC7693324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-fullerene organic solar cells, the long-range structure ordering induced by end-group π-π stacking of fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors is considered as the critical factor in realizing efficient charge transport and high power conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that side-chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors could drive the fused-ring backbone assembly from a π-π stacking mode to an intermixed packing mode, and to a non-stacking mode to refine its solid-state properties. Different from the above-mentioned understanding, we find that close atom contacts in a non-stacking mode can form efficient charge transport pathway through close side atom interactions. The intermixed solid-state packing motif in active layers could enable organic solar cells with superior efficiency and reduced non-radiative recombination loss compared with devices based on molecules with the classic end-group π-π stacking mode. Our observations open a new avenue in material design that endows better photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Ye
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, 411105, Xiangtan, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqiu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, 411105, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, 100191, Beijing, China.
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18
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Xu F, Testoff TT, Wang L, Zhou X. Cause, Regulation and Utilization of Dye Aggregation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4478. [PMID: 33003462 PMCID: PMC7582523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of third generation solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have the advantages of being low cost, having an easy fabrication process, utilizing rich raw materials and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), prompting nearly three decades as a research hotspot. Recently, increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs has proven troublesome. Sensitizers, as the most important part, are no longer limited to molecular engineering, and the regulation of dye aggregation has become a widely held concern, especially in liquid DSSCs. This review first presents the operational mechanism of liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, including the influencing factors of various parameters on device efficiency. Secondly, the mechanism of dye aggregation was explained by molecular exciton theory, and the influence of various factors on dye aggregation was summarized. We focused on a review of several methods for regulating dye aggregation in liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed. In addition, the important application of quantum computational chemistry in the study of dye aggregation was introduced. Finally, an outlook was proposed that utilizing the advantages of dye aggregation by combining molecular engineering with dye aggregation regulation is a research direction to improve the performance of liquid DSSCs in the future. For solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs), the effects of solid electrolytes also need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Thomas T. Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
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19
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Gorman J, Auras F, Sung J, Friend R, Kukura P, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy of Singlet Exciton Motion in Side-Chain Engineered Perylene-Diimide Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2721-2730. [PMID: 32130861 PMCID: PMC7132576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy applied to four different organic semiconductor thin films based on perylene-diimide (PDI). By achieving a temporal resolution of 12 fs with simultaneous sub-10 nm spatial precision, we directly probe the underlying exciton transport characteristics within 3 ps after photoexcitation free of model assumptions. Our study reveals sub-picosecond coherent exciton transport (12-45 cm2 s-1) followed by a diffusive phase of exciton transport (3-17 cm2 s-1). A comparison between the different films suggests that the exciton transport in the studied materials is intricately linked to their nanoscale morphology, with PDI films that form large crystalline domains exhibiting the largest diffusion coefficients and transport lengths. Our study demonstrates the advantages of directly studying ultrafast transport properties at the nanometer length scale and highlights the need to examine nanoscale morphology when investigating exciton transport in organic as well as inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford
University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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20
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Felter K, Fravventura MC, Koster E, Abellon RD, Savenije TJ, Grozema FC. Solid-State Infrared Upconversion in Perylene Diimides Followed by Direct Electron Injection. ACS Energy Lett 2020; 5:124-129. [PMID: 31956696 PMCID: PMC6958839 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution we demonstrate a solid-state approach to triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion for application in a solar cell device in which absorption of near-infrared light is followed by direct electron injection into an inorganic substrate. We use time-resolved microwave photoconductivity experiments to study the injection of electrons into the electron-accepting substrate (TiO2) in a trilayer device consisting of a triplet sensitizer (fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine), triplet acceptor (methyl subsituted perylenediimide), and smooth polycrystalline TiO2. Absorption of light at 700 nm leads to the almost quantitative generation of triplet excited states by intersystem crossing. This is followed by Dexter energy transfer to the triplet acceptor layer where triplet annihilation occurs and concludes by injection of an electron into TiO2 from the upconverted singlet excited state.
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