1
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Kenry. Microfluidic-assisted formulation of cell membrane-camouflaged anisotropic nanostructures. Nanoscale 2024; 16:7874-7883. [PMID: 38563323 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic gold (Au) nanostructures have been widely explored for various nanomedicine applications. While these nanomaterials have shown great promise for disease theranostics, particularly for cancer diagnosis and treatment, the utilization and clinical translation of anisotropic Au nanostructures have been limited by their high phagocytic uptake and clearance and low cancer targeting specificity. Numerous efforts have thus been made toward mitigating these challenges. Many conventional strategies, however, rely on all-synthetic materials, involve complex chemical processes, or have low product throughput and reproducibility. Herein, by integrating cell membrane coating and microfluidic technologies, a high-throughput bioinspired approach for synthesizing biomimetic anisotropic Au nanostructures with minimized phagocytic uptake and improved cancer cell targeting is reported. Through continuous hydrodynamic flow focusing, mixing, and sonication, Au nanostructures are encapsulated within the macrophage and cancer cell membrane vesicles effectively. The fabricated nanostructures are uniform and highly stable in serum. Importantly, the macrophage membrane vesicle-encapsulated Au nanostructures can be preferentially internalized by breast cancer cells, but not by macrophages. Overall, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of employing an integrated microfluidic-sonication technique to formulate uniform and highly stable biomimetic anisotropic nanostructures for enhanced cancer theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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2
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Mandal P, Ghosh SK. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Interactions with Lipid Membranes. Langmuir 2023; 39:18713-18729. [PMID: 38096427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have captured increasing attention in the recent advancement of materials science and nanotechnology owing to their excellent physicochemical properties. Despite having unquestionable advances, the application of GNMs in biological and medical sciences is still limited due to the lack of knowledge and precise control over their interaction with the biological milieu. The cellular membrane is the first barrier with which GNMs interact before entering a cell. Therefore, understanding how they interact with cell membranes is important from the perspective of safe use in biological and biomedical fields. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent efforts in predicting the interactions between GNMs and model cellular membranes. This review provides insights into how GNMs interact with lipid membranes and self-assemble in and around them. Both the computational simulations and experimental observations are summarized. The interactions are classified depending on the physicochemical properties (structure, chemistry, and orientation) of GNMs and various model membranes. The thermodynamic parameters, structural details, and supramolecular forces are listed to understand the interactions which would help circumvent potential risks and provide guidance for safe use in the future. At the end of this review, future prospective and emerging challenges in this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mandal
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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3
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Bashiri G, Padilla MS, Swingle KL, Shepherd SJ, Mitchell MJ, Wang K. Nanoparticle protein corona: from structure and function to therapeutic targeting. Lab Chip 2023; 23:1432-1466. [PMID: 36655824 PMCID: PMC10013352 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics have ushered in a new era in translational medicine. However, despite the clinical success of NP technology, it is not well-understood how NPs fundamentally change in biological environments. When introduced into physiological fluids, NPs are coated by proteins, forming a protein corona (PC). The PC has the potential to endow NPs with a new identity and alter their bioactivity, stability, and destination. Additionally, the conformation of proteins is sensitive to their physical and chemical surroundings. Therefore, biological factors and protein-NP-interactions can induce changes in the conformation and orientation of proteins in vivo. Since the function of a protein is closely connected to its folded structure, slight differences in the surrounding environment as well as the surface characteristics of the NP materials may cause proteins to lose or gain a function. As a result, this can alter the downstream functionality of the NPs. This review introduces the main biological factors affecting the conformation of proteins associated with the PC. Then, four types of NPs with extensive utility in biomedical applications are described in greater detail, focusing on the conformation and orientation of adsorbed proteins. This is followed by a discussion on the instances in which the conformation of adsorbed proteins can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes, such as controlling protein conformation in assembled matrices in tissue, as well as controlling the PC conformation for modulating immune responses. The review concludes with a perspective on the remaining challenges and unexplored areas at the interface of PC and NP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Bashiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Marshall S Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah J Shepherd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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4
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Li B, Shu R, Dai W, Yang F, Xu H, Shi X, Li Y, Bai D, Yang W, Deng Y. Bioheterojunction-Engineered Polyetheretherketone Implants With Diabetic Infectious Micromilieu Twin-Engine Powered Disinfection for Boosted Osteogenicity. Small 2022; 18:e2203619. [PMID: 36084239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic infectious micromilieu (DIM) leads to a critical failure rate of osseointegration by virtue of two main peculiarities: high levels of topical glucose and inevitable infection. To tackle the daunting issue, a bioheterojunction-engineered orthopedic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant consisting of copper sulfide/graphene oxide (CuS/GO) bioheterojunctions (bioHJs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) is conceived and developed for DIM enhanced disinfection and boosted osseointegration. Under hyperglycemic micromilieu, GOx can convert surrounding glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Then, upon infectious micromilieu, the bioHJs enable the catalyzation of H2 O2 to highly germicidal hydroxyl radical (·OH). As a result, the engineered implants massacre pathogenic bacteria through DIM twin-engine powered photo-chemodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the engineered implants considerably facilitate cell viability and osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under a hyperglycemic microenvironment via synergistic induction of copper ions (Cu2+ ) and GO. In vivo studies using bone defect models of diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks further authenticate that bioHJ-engineering PEEK implants substantially elevate their osseointegration through biofilm elimination and vascularization, as well as macrophage reprogramming. Altogether, the present study puts forward a tactic that arms orthopedic implants with DIM twin-engine powered antibacterial and formidable osteogenic capacities for diabetic stalled osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Shi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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5
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Kenry, Eschle BK, Andreiuk B, Gokhale PC, Mitragotri S. Differential Macrophage Responses to Gold Nanostars and Their Implication for Cancer Immunotherapy. Advanced Therapeutics 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenry
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Imaging Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Benjamin K. Eschle
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Department of Imaging Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Prafulla C. Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
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6
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Yeo T, She DT, Nai MH, Marcelo Valerio VL, Pan Y, Middha E, Lim CT, Liu B. Differential Collective Cell Migratory Behaviors Modulated by Phospholipid Nanocarriers. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17412-17425. [PMID: 34767716 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanocarriers have been widely explored for theranostic and nanomedicine applications. These amphiphilic nanocarriers possess outstanding cargo encapsulation efficiency, high water dispersibility, and excellent biocompatibility, which render them promising for drug delivery and bioimaging applications. While the biological applications of phospholipid nanocarriers have been well documented, the fundamental aspects of the phospholipid-cell interactions beyond cytotoxicity have been less investigated. In particular, the effect of phospholipid nanocarriers on collective cell behaviors has not been elucidated. Herein, we evaluate the interactions of phospholipid nanocarriers possessing different functional groups and sizes with normal and cancerous immortalized breast epithelial cell sheets with varying metastatic potential. Specifically, we examine the impact of nanocarrier treatments on the collective migratory dynamics of these cell sheets. We observe that phospholipid nanocarriers induce differential collective cell migratory behaviors, where the migration speed of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cell sheets is retarded and accelerated, respectively. To a certain extent, the nanocarriers are able to alter the migration trajectory of the cancerous breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, phospholipid nanocarriers could modulate the stiffness of the nuclei, cytoplasm, and cell-cell junctions of the breast epithelial cell sheets, remodel their actin filament arrangement, and regulate the expressions of the actin-related proteins. We anticipate that this work will further shed light on nanomaterial-cell interactions and provide guidelines for rational and safer designs and applications of phospholipid nanocarriers for cancer theranostics and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David T She
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Von Luigi Marcelo Valerio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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7
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Wójcik B, Sawosz E, Szczepaniak J, Strojny B, Sosnowska M, Daniluk K, Zielińska-Górska M, Bałaban J, Chwalibog A, Wierzbicki M. Effects of Metallic and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12100. [PMID: 34829982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, due to its asymptomatic development and drug-resistance, is difficult to cure. As many metallic and carbon-based nanomaterials have shown anticancer properties, we decided to investigate their potential use as anticancer agents against human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxic properties of the following nanomaterials: silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), graphene oxide (GO), diamond (ND), and fullerenol (C60(OH)40) against the cell lines BxPC-3, AsPC-1, HFFF-2, and HS-5. The potential cytotoxic properties were evaluated by the assessment of the cell morphology, cell viability, and cell membrane damage. The cancer cell responses to GO and ND were analysed by determination of changes in the levels of 40 different pro-inflammatory proteins. Our studies revealed that the highest cytotoxicity was obtained after the ND treatment. Moreover, BxPC-3 cells were more sensitive to ND than AsPC-1 cells due to the ND-induced ROS production. Furthermore, in both of the cancer cell lines, ND caused an increased level of IL-8 and a decreased level of TIMP-2, whereas GO caused only decreased levels of TIMP-2 and ICAM-1 proteins. This work provides important data on the toxicity of various nanoparticles against pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines.
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8
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Raja G, Selvaraj V, Suk M, Suk KT, Kim TJ. Metabolic phenotyping analysis of graphene oxide nanosheets exposures in breast cancer cells: Metabolomics profiling techniques. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Abstract
The use of graphene-based materials (GBMs) for tissue-engineering applications has been growing exponentially because of the seemingly endless multifunctional and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene that can be exploited to influence cellular behavior. Despite many demonstrations wherein cell physiology has been modulated on different GBMs, a clear mechanism connecting the different physicochemical properties of GBMs to cell fate has remained elusive. In this work, we demonstrate how different GBMs can be used to bias cell fate in a multiscale study-starting from serum protein (fibronectin) adsorption and its molecular scale morphology, structure, and bioactivity and ending with stem cell response. Using heat to chemically reduce graphene oxide without changing physical properties, we show that graphene chemistry controls surface-adsorbed molecular conformation and morphology, epitope presentation, and stem cell attachment. Moreover, this subtle change in the protein structure was found to drive increased bone differentiation of stem cells, suggesting that the physicochemical properties of graphene biases cell fate by directly influencing the adsorbed protein structure and subsequent biochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Rd., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Rd., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Sosnowska M, Kutwin M, Strojny B, Koczoń P, Szczepaniak J, Bałaban J, Daniluk K, Jaworski S, Chwalibog A, Bielawski W, Sawosz E. Graphene oxide nanofilm and chicken embryo extract decrease the invasiveness of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-020-00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a mosaic of various structural and functional proteins that cooperate with the cell, regulate adhesion, and consequently manage its further fate. Liver destruction is accompanied by a disruption of the physicochemical properties of the ECM which deregulates the cell–ECM interaction and can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and neoplastic transformation of cells. Therefore, it can be assumed that ECM modification and restoration of its characteristics for healthy tissue may counteract uncontrolled cell proliferation. The purpose of the presented research model was to optimise the physical characteristics of ECM by introducing a graphene oxide plane/nanofilm (nfGO) and enriching the cell environment with potentially missing proteins by adding a functional protein cocktail (chicken embryo liver extract) and determine the impact of these factors on cell–ECM cooperation and its consequences on adhesion, proliferation, and cell phase, which are factors of the invasiveness of cancer cells.
Results
Experiments were performed with non-cancer HS-5 cells and liver cancer cells HepG2 and C3A. The cells were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) cultured on nfGO, (3) cultured with the addition of chicken embryo liver extract (CELE) and (4) cultured on the nfGO with the addition of CELE. CELE contained 1735 proteins; the top 57 of these proteins have been presented. The use of nfGO as well as CELE and nfGO + CELE reduced the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cells to the greatest extent; this is in contrast to non-cancer cells and also to C3A cancer cells. Furthermore, the combined use of the CELE protein cocktail and GO substrate effectively resulted in a decrease in the population of HepG2 cells in the G0/G1 phase and an increase of the population in G2/M. Molecular analysis of HepG2 cancer cells also showed an increase in the expression of genes responsible for adhesion such as focal adhesion kinase (fak), e-cadherin, and n-cadherin and a decrease in β-catenin, which is considered a proto-oncogene.
Conclusions
Studies have shown that both the GO surface structure on which the cells are grown as well as the presence of a multi-component natural cocktail of regulatory proteins, can modify the expression of integrins, increase adhesion and, as a consequence, proliferation and the cell cycle—entering the resting phase. For the first time, it has been documented that hepatic cancer cells of the HepG2 line under the influence of stimuli derived from mimic ECM (graphene oxide) in interaction with a unique protein complex derived from chicken liver embryo decreased of the invasiveness of cancer cells.
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Wang S, Duan C, Yang W, Gao X, Shi J, Kang J, Deng Y, Shi XL, Chen ZG. Two-dimensional nanocoating-enabled orthopedic implants for bimodal therapeutic applications. Nanoscale 2020; 12:11936-11946. [PMID: 32458924 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02327b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the promising orthopedic materials, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has high chemical durability and similar mechanical properties to the cortical bone; nevertheless, the inherent bioinert nature of PEEK dramatically impedes its broader clinical applications in the management of bone infection. To address this challenge, herein, we developed a multifunctional two-dimensional (2D) nanocoating to assemble graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, a polydopamine (pDA) nanofilm, and an oligopeptide onto the surface of porous sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK). The resulting multifunctional PEEK implants exhibited enhanced cytocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium matrix deposition as well as osteogenesis-associated gene expression. Moreover, the animal experiments based on a rabbit femur defect model confirmed that the 2D nanocoating prominently boosted the in vivo osseointegration and bone remodeling. Besides, the GO/pDA hybrid complex anchoring on the SPEEK surface through π-π stacking can generate robust antibacterial phototherapy resulting from the synergetic photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic effects. Accordingly, this work provides a paradigm to empower inert PEEK implants with bi-/multi-modal therapeutic applications, such as against bone infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. and Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunyan Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianping Kang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yi Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia and School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia and School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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Fang Q, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li H, Cheng L, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Tang M, Liu W, Wang H, Wang T, Shen T, Chai R. Three-Dimensional Graphene Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Through Metabolic Regulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:436. [PMID: 31998703 PMCID: PMC6961593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene consists of two-dimensional sp2-bonded carbon sheets, a single or a few layers thick, which has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its good conductivity and biocompatibility. Three-dimensional graphene foam (3DG) has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro that not only supports NSCs growth, but also maintains cells in a more active proliferative state than 2D graphene films and ordinary glass. In addition, 3DG can enhance NSCs differentiation into astrocytes and especially neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms behind 3DG's effects are still poorly understood. Metabolism is the fundamental characteristic of life and provides substances for building and powering the cell. Metabolic activity is tightly tied with the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells. This study focused on the metabolic reconfiguration of stem cells induced by culturing on 3DG. This study established the correlation between metabolic reconfiguration metabolomics with NSCs cell proliferation rate on different scaffold. Several metabolic processes have been uncovered in association with the proliferation change of NSCs. Especially, culturing on 3DG triggered pathways that increased amino acid incorporation and enhanced glucose metabolism. These data suggested a potential association between graphene and pathways involved in Parkinson's disease. Our work provides a very useful starting point for further studies of NSC fate determination on 3DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Hangzhou Rongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liya Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Zhangjiagang City First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Suzhou University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials (2D LMs) are taking the scientific world by storm. Graphene epitomizes 2D LMs with many interesting properties and corresponding applications. Following the footsteps of graphene, many other types of 2D LMs such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and graphitic-phase C3N4 nanosheets are emerging to be equally interesting as graphene and its derivatives. Some of these applications such as nanomedicine do have a high probability of human exposure. This review focuses on the biological and toxicity effects of 2D LMs and their associated mechanisms linking their chemistries to their biological end points. This review aims to help researchers to predict and mitigate any toxic effects. With understanding, redesign of newer and safer 2D LMs becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Tan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Bang Lin Li
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.,Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Chwee-Teck Lim
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575 , Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , Graphene Research Centre , Singapore 117546 , Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411 , Singapore
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575 , Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , Graphene Research Centre , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
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14
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Liu ZL, Lei B, Zhu ZL, Tao L, Qi J, Bao DL, Wu X, Huang L, Zhang YY, Lin X, Wang YL, Du S, Pantelides ST, Gao HJ. Spontaneous Formation of 1D Pattern in Monolayer VSe 2 with Dispersive Adsorption of Pt Atoms for HER Catalysis. Nano Lett 2019; 19:4897-4903. [PMID: 30973231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Creation of functional patterns in two-dimensional (2D) materials provides opportunities to extend their potential for applications. Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are suitable 2D materials for pattern generation because of properties including alterable polymorphic phases, easy chalcogen-vacancy formation, metal-atom insertion, and alloying. Such patterning can be used for selective functionalization. Here we report the spontaneous formation of long-range, well-ordered 1D patterns in monolayer vanadium diselenide (VSe2) by a single annealing stage during growth. Atomic-resolution images in real space combined with density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations reveal the 1D features of patterned VSe2. Further experimental characterization of the intermediate states in the growth process confirm the spontaneous formation of the 1D pattern by annealing-induced Se-deficient linear defects. The 1D pattern can be reversibly transformed to homogenous VSe2 monolayer by reintroducing Se atoms. Moreover, additional experiments demonstrate that a dispersive deposition of Pt atoms along the 1D structures of patterned VSe2 is achieved, while DFT calculations find that their catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is as good as that of Pt surfaces. The formation of long-range, well-ordered 1D patterns not only demonstrates an effective way of dimension modulation in 2D materials but also enriches the potential of intrinsically patterned 2D materials for promising catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Liu Liu
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Bao Lei
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhi-Li Zhu
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lei Tao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Xu Wu
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ye-Liang Wang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Information and Electronics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation , Beijing 100049 , China
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15
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Vlček J, Lapčík L, Havrdová M, Poláková K, Lapčíková B, Opletal T, Froning JP, Otyepka M. Flow induced HeLa cell detachment kinetics show that oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene oxide are potent cell adhesion enhancers. Nanoscale 2019; 11:3222-3228. [PMID: 30706925 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A broader and quantitative understanding of cell adhesion to two-dimensional carbon-based materials is needed to expand the applications of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) in tissue engineering, prosthetics, biosensing, detection of circulating cancer cells, and (photo)thermal therapy. We therefore studied the detachment kinetics of human cancer cells HeLa adhered on graphene, GO, and glass substrates using stagnation point flow on an impinging jet apparatus. HeLa cells detached easily from graphene at a force of 9.4 nN but adhered very strongly to GO. The presence of hydrophilic functional groups thus apparently enhanced the HeLa cells' adherence to the GO surface. On graphene, smaller HeLa cells adhered more strongly and detached later than cells with larger projected areas, but the opposite behavior was observed on GO. These findings reveal GO to be a suitable platform for detecting cells or establishing contacts, e.g. between graphene-based circuits/electrodes and tissues. Our experiments also show that the impinging jet method is a powerful tool for studying cellular detachment mechanisms and adhesion strength, and could therefore be very useful for investigating interactions between cells and graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vlček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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16
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Abstract
2D nanomaterials could cause structural disruption and cytotoxic effects to cells, which greatly challenges their promising biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Here, the physical and mechanical interaction between lipid liposomes and hydrophobic nanosheets is studied utilizing coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The simulations reveal a variety of characteristic interaction morphologies that depend on the size and the orientation of nanosheets. Dynamic and thermodynamic analyses on the morphologic evolution provide insights into molecular motions such as "nanosheet rotation," "lipid extraction," "lipid flip-flop," and "lipid spreading." Driven by these molecular motions, hydrophobic nanosheets cause morphologic changes of liposomes. The lipid bilayer structure can be corrugated, and the overall liposome sphere can be split or collapsed by large nanosheets. In addition, nanosheets embedded into lipid bilayers greatly weaken the fluidity of lipids, and this effect can be cumulatively enhanced as nanosheets continuously intrude. These results could facilitate molecular-level understanding on the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials, and help future nanotoxicology studies associating computational modeling with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiangqiang Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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18
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Marrella A, Giannoni P, Pulsoni I, Quarto R, Raiteri R, Scaglione S. Topographical Features of Graphene-Oxide-Functionalized Substrates Modulate Cancer and Healthy Cell Adhesion Based on the Cell Tissue of Origin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41978-41985. [PMID: 30479135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-derived materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), have been widely explored for biomedical and biological applications, including cancer research. Despite some recent works proving that GO inhibits the migration and invasion of different cancer cells, so far most of these in vitro studies have been conducted using GO sheets dispersed in solution or as a planar film. On the contrary, little is known about cellular activities, such as cell viability, adhesion, and spreading, when cancer cells interface with GO functionalized hydrogel-based surfaces, biomechanically and structurally more similar to the tumor environment. Here, we evaluate the interactions of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with alginate (Alg)/GO hydrogel-based substrates, and compare them with a cancer cell line from human osteosarcoma (HOS) and healthy murine fibroblasts (3T3). We observed that GO addition selectively inhibits malignant breast cancer cell adhesion efficiency and spreading area, while promotes HOS and 3T3 adhesive processes. Furthermore, we did not observe the same results over Alg substrates with GO nanosheets dispersed in the medium, without embedment into the Alg. This suggests that cancer (MDA-MB-231 and HOS) and healthy (3T3) cell adhesion efficacy does not depend on the cellular tumoral nature and it is driven by the topographical cues provided by the GO-based substrates, whose physical-mechanical characteristics better mimic those of the cell native tissue. We envision that this study can provide a rational for future design and use of graphene-based nanomaterials for cancer research by deepening the knowledge of graphene-cancer cell specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marrella
- Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Genova , Via Pastore 3 , Genoa 16132 , Italy
| | - P Giannoni
- Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Genova , Via Pastore 3 , Genoa 16132 , Italy
| | - I Pulsoni
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering , University of Genova , Via all' Opera Pia 13 , Genoa 16145 , Italy
| | - R Quarto
- Biology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Genova , Via Pastore 3 , Genoa 16132 , Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Largo R. Benzi 10 , Genoa 16132 , Italy
| | - R Raiteri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering , University of Genova , Via all' Opera Pia 13 , Genoa 16145 , Italy
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19
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Geldert A, Kenry, Zhang X, Zhang H, Lim CT. Enhancing the sensing specificity of a MoS 2 nanosheet-based FRET aptasensor using a surface blocking strategy. Analyst 2018; 142:2570-2577. [PMID: 28569315 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-based biosensing, which uses short, single-stranded nucleic acid segments to bind to a target, can be advantageous over antibody-based diagnostics due to the ease of synthesis and high stability of aptamers. However, the development of most aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) is still in its initial stages and many factors affecting their performance have not been studied in great detail. Here, we enhance the sensing specificity of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based MoS2 nanosheet aptasensor in detecting the malarial biomarker Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). In this sensing scheme, the presence of target is signaled by an increase in fluorescence when fluorescently-labeled aptamers bind to pLDH and release from a quenching material. Interestingly, unlike most of the reported literature on aptasensors, we observe that non-target proteins also cause a considerable increase in the detected fluorescence. This may be due to the nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto the fluorescence quencher, leading to the displacement of aptamers from the quencher surface. To reduce this nonspecific association and to enhance the sensor specificity, we propose the application of a surface blocking agent to the quenching material. Importantly, we demonstrate that the sensing specificity of the MoS2 nanosheet-based aptasensor towards target pLDH biomolecules can be significantly enhanced through surface passivation, thus contributing to the development of highly selective and robust point-of-care malaria diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Geldert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
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20
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Chowdhury AKMRH, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. SERS-Active 3D Interconnected Nanocarbon Web toward Nonplasmonic in Vitro Sensing of HeLa Cells and Fibroblasts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:35715-35733. [PMID: 30264558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A noninvasive intracellular component analysis technique is important in cancer treatment and the initial identification of cancer. Carbon nanomaterials/nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have little to no surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ability. Because of these structures' low Raman responses, they are conjugated with gold or silver to attain the SERS-active ability to detect normal fibroblasts and HeLa cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, the effectiveness of the individual use of carbon nanomaterials as a nonplasmonic SERS-active platform for in vitro cancer/normal cell detection has not been investigated to date. Here, for the first time, we introduce a unique nonplasmonic SERS-based biosensing platform that uses a biocompatible self-assembled three-dimensional interconnected nanocarbon web (INW) for in vitro detection and differentiation of HeLa cells and fibroblasts. The sub-10-nm morphology of the INW facilitates the endocytic uptake of INW clusters to the cells, and its SERS functionality introduces live cell Raman sensing. The INW platform has achieved an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.66 × 104 and 9.10 × 103 with crystal violet and Rhodamine 6G dyes, respectively, significant in comparison to the EF of graphene surfaces (2-17). The results of the time-based Raman spectroscopy of live HeLa cells and fibroblasts revealed chemical fingerprints of intracellular components, such as DNA/RNA, proteins, and lipids. The components' spectroscopic differences facilitate and elucidate the specification of each cell. The highest Raman enhancement achieved was fourfold for fibroblasts (protein) and sixfold for HeLa cells (DNA). Furthermore, the SERS spectra along with scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy analysis of the immobilized cells after 24 and 48 h shed light on the health of fibroblasts and HeLa cells. A photon energy-induced ionization achieved with a femtosecond laser fabricated a biocompatible INW platform with the designated unique attributes. This simple, label-free, in vitro diagnosis approach for HeLa cells and fibroblasts has strong potential for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science , St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5B 1W8
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21
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Vijayakumar SC, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Selective drug-free cancer apoptosis by three-dimensional self-targeting magnetic nickel oxide nanomatrix. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2469-2490. [PMID: 30328379 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a drug-free strategy addressing limitations of current cancer therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS A 3D self-assembled magnetic nickel oxide (NiO) nanomatrix is synthesized using femtosecond pulsed laser to mimic extracellular matrix. RESULTS The tunable laser pulse-interaction time and repetition rate aided in generating programmable NiO nanomatrix chemistry. The nanomatrix mimicked extracellular matrix in physical configuration and properties presenting favorable cues to cancerous HeLa cell and fibroblast cell adhesion and proliferation without cytotoxicity. The 3D nanomatrix structure altered HeLa cell behavior and induced apoptosis cancer apoptosis with an evidence of increased endocytosis when compared with fibroblast cells. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the availability of new potential avenues for magnetic drug-free cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprasad C Vijayakumar
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Facility, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Technology (iBEST), Partnership between Ryerson University & St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.,Nano Biointerface Facility, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Facility, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Technology (iBEST), Partnership between Ryerson University & St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.,Nano Biointerface Facility, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Affiliate Scientist, Keenan Research Center, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Nano Biointerface Facility, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Nano characterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Kant Chaudhuri
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138593, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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23
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Singh DP, Herrera CE, Singh B, Singh S, Singh RK, Kumar R. Graphene oxide: An efficient material and recent approach for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2018; 86:173-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Qian Y, Song J, Zhao X, Chen W, Ouyang Y, Yuan W, Fan C. 3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1700499. [PMID: 29721407 PMCID: PMC5908351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Treating peripheral nerve injury faces major challenges and may benefit from bioactive scaffolds due to the limited autograft resources. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties. GO has functional groups that confer biocompatibility that is better than that of graphene. Here, GO/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds are fabricated using an integration molding method. The nanoscaffolds exhibit many merits, including even GO nanoparticle distribution, macroporous structure, and strong mechanical support. Additionally, the process enables excellent quality control. In vitro studies confirm the advantages of the GO/PCL nanoscaffolds in terms of Schwann cell proliferation, viability, and attachment, as well as neural characteristics maintenance. This is the first study to evaluate the in vivo performance of GO-based nanoscaffolds in this context. GO release and PCL biodegradation is analyzed after long-term in vivo study. It is also found that the GO/PCL nerve guidance conduit could successfully repair a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect. The pro-angiogenic characteristic of GO is evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway might play a major role in the angiogenic process. These findings demonstrate that the GO/PCL nanoscaffold efficiently promotes functional and morphological recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration, indicating its promise for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Jialin Song
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
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25
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Mukherjee SP, Kostarelos K, Fadeel B. Cytokine Profiling of Primary Human Macrophages Exposed to Endotoxin-Free Graphene Oxide: Size-Independent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29266859 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials including graphene oxide (GO) are envisioned for a variety of biomedical applications. However, there are conflicting results concerning the biocompatibility of these materials. Here, a question is raised whether GO with small or large lateral dimensions triggers cytotoxicity and/or cytokine responses in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. GO sheets produced under sterile conditions by a modified Hummers' method are found to be taken up by macrophages without signs of cytotoxicity. Then, multiplex arrays are used for profiling of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Notably, GO suppresses the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered induction of several chemokines and cytokines, including the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). No production of proinflammatory TNF-α is observed. However, GO elicits caspase-dependent IL-1 β expression, a hallmark of inflammasome activation, in LPS-primed macrophages. Furthermore, GO-triggered IL-1 β production requires NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species and cellular uptake of GO and is accompanied by cathepsin B release and K+ efflux. Using THP-1 knockdown cells, a role for the inflammasome sensor, NLRP3, the adaptor protein, ASC, and caspase-1 for GO-induced IL-1β secretion is demonstrated. Finally, these studies show that inflammasome activation is independent of the lateral dimensions of the GO sheets. These studies provide novel insights regarding the immunomodulatory properties of endotoxin-free GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory; Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
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26
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Li K, Wang C, Yan J, Zhang Q, Dang B, Wang Z, Yao Y, Lin K, Guo Z, Bi L, Han Y. Evaluation of the osteogenesis and osseointegration of titanium alloys coated with graphene: an in vivo study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1843. [PMID: 29382859 PMCID: PMC5790016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a surface coating with graphene could enhance the surface bioactivation of titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) to further accelerate in vivo osteogenesis and osseointegration at the implant surface. In this study, a New Zealand white rabbit femoral condyle defect model was established. After 4, 12 and 24 weeks, biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses and histological observations were performed. At the highest push-out forces during the test, microstructure parameters, such as the bone volume/total volume fraction (BV/TV) and mineral apposition rate (MAR), of the new bone were significantly higher in the graphene-coated Ti6Al4V group (G-Ti6Al4V) than in the Ti6Al4V group (P < 0.05). Van Gieson (VG) staining showed that the G-Ti6Al4V group had more new bone formation than the Ti6Al4V group, and the G-Ti6Al4V group showed a closer fit between the bone and implant. In conclusion, graphene might be a novel type of nano-coating material for enhancing the surface biological activity of Ti-based alloy materials and may further promote in vivo osteogenesis and osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, P.R. China.
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Military Frontier Defence Medical Service Tranning Group, Army Medical University, Hutubi, Xinjiang, 831200, P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Baoping Dang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China.
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Kenry, Lee WC, Loh KP, Lim CT. When stem cells meet graphene: Opportunities and challenges in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2018; 155:236-50. [PMID: 29195230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell research and nanotechnology have significantly influenced the landscape of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Precise and reproducible control of the fate of stem cells and their lineage specification have, therefore, become more crucial than ever for the success of stem cell-based technologies. Extensive research has been geared towards developing materials that are capable of mimicking the physiological microenvironment of stem cells and at the same time, controlling their eventual fate. An interesting example of these materials is two-dimensional graphene and its related derivatives. A high specific surface area coupled with superior chemical stability, biocompatibility, and flexibility in functionalization render graphene-based nanomaterials one of the most exciting platforms for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, especially for stem cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we discuss the love-hate relationship between stem cells and graphene-based nanomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We first discuss the role and importance of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We then highlight the use of nanomaterials for stem cell control, the interaction between stem cells and graphene nanomaterials as well as their biocompatibility, biodistribution, and biodegradability considerations. We also offer our perspectives on the various challenges and opportunities facing the use of graphene and its derivatives for stem cell growth and differentiation.
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Lim YB, Nai MH, Cao J, Loh KP, Lim CT. Graphene oxide inhibits malaria parasite invasion and delays parasitic growth in vitro. Nanoscale 2017; 9:14065-14073. [PMID: 28901366 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between graphene oxide (GO) and various biological entities have been actively investigated in recent years, resulting in numerous potential bioapplications of these nanomaterials. Despite this, the biological interactions between GO and disease-causing protozoan parasites have not been well elucidated and remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the in vitro interactions between GO nanosheets and a particular species of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). We hypothesize that GO nanosheets may exhibit antimalarial characteristic via action mechanisms of physical obstruction of P. falciparum parasites as well as nutrient depletion. To ascertain this, we characterize the physical interactions between GO nanosheets, red blood cells (RBCs), and malarial parasites as well as the adsorption of several biomolecules necessary for parasitic survival and growth on GO nanosheets. Subsequent to establishing the origin of this antimalarial behavior of GO nanosheets, their efficiency in inhibiting parasite invasion is evaluated. We observe that GO nanosheets at various tested concentrations significantly inhibit the invasion of malaria parasites into RBCs. Furthermore, GO nanosheets delay parasite progression from the ring to the trophozoite stage. Overall, this study may further shed light on the graphene-parasite interactions and potentially facilitate the development of nanomaterial-based strategies for combating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bena Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576. and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602 and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA 02139
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576. and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602 and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
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Zou W, Zhang X, Zhao M, Zhou Q, Hu X. Cellular proliferation and differentiation induced by single-layer molybdenum disulfide and mediation mechanisms of proteins via the Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:781-793. [PMID: 28714804 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1357213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS2) is a novel kind of 2D nanosheet that has attracted great attention regarding its use in biosensors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and therapy. However, our results demonstrated that SLMoS2 accelerated proliferation and promoted myogenic differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs). The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of HELFs contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Specifically, SLMoS2 significantly stimulated the expression of myofibroblast- and mesenchymal-associated genes and proteins. The Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway plays a critical role in the acceleration of proliferation and promotion of myogenic differentiation and EMT in HELFs induced by SLMoS2. After cell uptake, SLMoS2 was primarily located in the cytoplasm and the perinuclear region and activated Akt-dependent signaling due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding markedly inhibited the cellular uptake of SLMoS2 and the production of intracellular ROS due to an increased thickness and reduced adhesion of HELFs. BSA binding also mitigated the SLMoS2-activated phosphorylation of Akt-dependent signaling pathways. This study is the first to illustrate the induction of cellular proliferation and differentiation by SLMoS2 and the related mediation by proteins through Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
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Antwi-Boasiako AA, Dunn D, Dasary SSR, Jones YK, Barnes SL, Singh AK. Bioconjugated graphene oxide-based Raman probe for selective identification of SKBR3 breast cancer cells. J Raman Spectrosc 2017; 48:1056-1064. [PMID: 29062164 PMCID: PMC5650202 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the use of bio-conjugated 2D graphene oxide (bio-GO) nanostructure to probe breast cancer cell (SKBR3) with excellent discrimination over other types of circulating tumor cells. We distinctly observed that bio-GO nanostructure targets and bind SKBR3 cell selectively in the cell mixture. Longer incubation of SKBR3 cell with bio-GO causes Raman signal "turn off" when excited with 532 nm laser. This is attributed to penetration of the bio-GO through the plasma membrane of the cell by generating transient hole. Extraction of GO after cell digestion also support the internalization rubric of 2D graphene through cell membrane. Our experimental data with the HaCaT healthy cell line, as well as with LNCaP prostate cancer cell line clearly demonstrated that this Raman scattering assay is highly selective to SKBR3. The mechanism of selectivity and the assay's response change have been verified and discussed utilizing fluorescence properties of GO and various other techniques. The experimental results open up a possibility of new label free Raman scattering assay, for reliable diagnosis of cancer cell lines by monitoring "turn-off" of the Raman signal from Bio-GO nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afua A Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr, 780, Alcorn State, MS 39096-7500, USA
| | - Derrick Dunn
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr, 780, Alcorn State, MS 39096-7500, USA
| | - Samuel S R Dasary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Yolanda K Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr, 780, Alcorn State, MS 39096-7500, USA
| | - Sandra L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr, 780, Alcorn State, MS 39096-7500, USA
| | - Anant K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr, 780, Alcorn State, MS 39096-7500, USA
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Chowdhury AKMRH, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. Fibroblast-Cytophilic and HeLa-Cytotoxic Dual Function Carbon Nanoribbon Network Platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:19662-19676. [PMID: 28530092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a promising material in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Carbon nanomaterials/nanostructures (C-C molecular structure) act as a carrier/skeleton and require further surface modification through functionalization with chemicals or biomolecules to attain cell response. We report the synthesis of a novel carbon nanoribbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a combination of C-C and C-O bond architecture. The bioactive CNRN showed enhanced ability for cell adhesion. Most importantly, it induced opposite cell responses from healthy cells and cancerous cells, cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Ultrafast laser ionization under ambient conditions transforms nonbioresponsive C-C bond of graphite to C-C and C-O bonds, forming a self-assembled CNRN platform. The morphology, nanochemistry, and functionality on modulating fibroblast and HeLa adhesion and proliferation of the fabricated CNRN platforms were investigated. The results of in vitro studies suggested that the CNRN platforms not only attracted but also actively accelerated the adhesion and proliferation of both fibroblasts and HeLa cells. The proliferation rate of fibroblasts and HeLa cells is 91 and 98 times greater compared with that of a native graphite substrate, respectively. The morphology of the cells over a period of 24 to 48 h revealed that the CNRN platform induced an apoptosis-like cytotoxic function on HeLa cells, whereas fibroblasts experienced a cytophilic effect and formed a tissuelike structure. The degree of cytotoxic or cytophilic effect can be further enhanced by adjusting parameters such as the ratio of C-C bonds to C-O bonds, the nanoribbon width, and the nanovoid porosity of the CNRN platforms, which could be tuned by careful control of laser ionization. In a nutshell, for the first time, pristine carbon nanostructures free from biochemical functionalization demonstrate dual function, cytophilic to fibroblast cells and cytotoxic to HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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Zhong C, Feng J, Lin X, Bao Q. Continuous release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 through nano-graphene oxide-based delivery influences the activation of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1215-1226. [PMID: 28243085 PMCID: PMC5315217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been used as a delivery vehicle for small molecule drugs and nucleotides. To further investigate GO as a smart biomaterial for the controlled release of cargo molecules, we hypothesized that GO may be an appropriate delivery vehicle because it releases bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). GO characterization indicated that the size distribution of the GO flakes ranged from 81.1 nm to 45,749.7 nm, with an approximate thickness of 2 nm. After BMP2 adsorption onto GO, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis were performed. Compared to GO, BMP2-GO did not induce significant changes in the characteristics of the materials. GO continuously released BMP2 for at least 40 days. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes were treated with BMP2-GO in interleukin-1 media and assessed in terms of cell viability, flow cytometric characterization, and expression of particular mRNA. Compared to GO, BMP2-GO did not induce any significant changes in biocompatibility. We treated osteoarthritic rats with BMP2 and BMP2-GO, which showed significant differences in Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores (P<0.05). Quantitative assessment revealed significant differences compared to that using BMP2 and BMP2-GO (P<0.05). These findings indicate that GO may be potentially used to control the release of carrier materials. The combination of BMP2 and GO slowed the progression of NF-κB-activated degenerative changes in osteoarthritis. Therefore, we infer that our BMP2-GO strategy could alleviate the NF-κB pathway by inducing continuous BMP2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiangjin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Geldert A, Lai Z, Huang Y, Yu P, Tan C, Liu Z, Zhang H, Lim CT. Single-Layer Ternary Chalcogenide Nanosheet as a Fluorescence-Based "Capture-Release" Biomolecular Nanosensor. Small 2017; 13:1601925. [PMID: 27860209 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel application of two-dimensional (2D) single-layer ternary chalcogenide nanosheets as "capture-release" fluorescence-based biomolecular nanosensors is demonstrated. Fluorescently labeled biomolecular probe is first captured by the ultrathin Ta2 NiS5 nanosheets and then released upon adding analyte containing a target biomolecule due to the higher probe-target affinity. Here, the authors use a nucleic acid probe for the model target biomolecule Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, which is an important malarial biomarker. The ultrathin Ta2 NiS5 nanosheet serves as a highly efficient fluorescence quencher and the nanosensor developed from the nanosheet is highly sensitive and specific toward the target biomolecule. Apart from the specificity toward the target biomolecule in homogeneous solutions, the developed nanosensor is capable of detecting and differentiating the target in heterogeneous solutions consisting of either a mixture of biomolecules or serum, with exceptional specificity. The simplicity of the "capture-release" method, by eliminating the need for preincubation of the probe with the test sample, may facilitate further development of portable and rapid biosensors. The authors anticipate that this ternary chalcogenide nanosheet-based biomolecular nanosensor will be useful for the rapid detection and differentiation of a wide range of chemical and biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Geldert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Lin F, Du F, Huang J, Chau A, Zhou Y, Duan H, Wang J, Xiong C. Substrate effect modulates adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast on graphene layer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:785-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
In this review article, we describe a general introduction to GO, its synthesis, reduction and some selected frontier applications. Its low cost and potential for mass production make GO a promising building block for functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- School of Physical & Material Sciences
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP)
- Dharamshala
- India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Center for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnology (CCS Nano)
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- 13083-870 Campinas
- Brazil
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