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Chen C, Li X, Lu C, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Jin Z, Long J. Advances in alginate lyases and the potential application of enzymatic prepared alginate oligosaccharides: A mini review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129506. [PMID: 38244735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alginate is mainly a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly arranged β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid linked by α, β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Alginate lyases degrade alginate mainly adopting a β-elimination mechanism, breaking the glycosidic bonds between the monomers and forming a double bond between the C4 and C5 sugar rings to produce alginate oligosaccharides consisting of 2-25 monomers, which have various physiological functions. Thus, it can be used for the continuous industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization, in accordance with the requirements of green exploitation of marine resources. With the development of structural analysis, the quantity of characterized alginate lyase structures is progressively growing, leading to a concomitant improvement in understanding the catalytic mechanism. Additionally, the use of molecular modification methods including rational design, truncated expression of non-catalytic domains, and recombination of conserved domains can improve the catalytic properties of the original enzyme, enabling researchers to screen out the enzyme with the expected excellent performance with high success rate and less workload. This review presents the latest findings on the catalytic mechanism of alginate lyases and outlines the methods for molecular modifications. Moreover, it explores the connection between the degree of polymerization and the physiological functions of alginate oligosaccharides, providing a reference for enzymatic preparation development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Aida TM, Kumagai Y, Smith RL. Mechanism of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fernando IPS, Sanjeewa KKA, Kim SY, Lee JS, Jeon YJ. Reduction of heavy metal (Pb 2+) biosorption in zebrafish model using alginic acid purified from Ecklonia cava and two of its synthetic derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:330-337. [PMID: 28827136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination has become a major problem that causes severe environmental and health issues due to their biosorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. This study was designed to evaluate heavy metal chelating abilities of alginic acid (AA) extracted from the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava and two of its derivatives prepared by the partial oxidation of the 2° OH groups (OAA) and partial carboxylation of the monomeric units (CAA) upon reducing the heavy metal biosorption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) modal. Metal ions were quantified using ICP-OES and biopolymers were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. All investigated biopolymers indicated potential ability for chelating Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, As3+, and Ag+. The sorption capacities were in the order of CAA>OAA>AA. All biopolymers indicated a comparatively higher chelation towards Pb2+. AA, OAA, and CAA could effectively reduce Pb2+ induced toxicity and Pb2+ stress-induced ROS production in zebrafish embryos. Besides, they could reduce the biosorption of Pb2+ in adult zebrafish which could lead to bioaccumulation. Since alginic acid purified from E. cava and its derivatives could be utilized as seaweed derived biopolymers to purify heavy metals contaminated water and as a dietary supplement to reduce heavy metal biosorption in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Research Center for Industrial Developement of Seafood, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Ban C, Jeon W, Park G, Woo HC, Kim DH. Hydrothermal Conversion of Alginate into Uronic Acids over a Sulfonated Glucose-Derived Carbon Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunghyeon Ban
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Institute of Chemical Processes; Seoul National University; 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Wonjin Jeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Institute of Chemical Processes; Seoul National University; 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Geonu Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Institute of Chemical Processes; Seoul National University; 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Hee Chul Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pukyong National University; 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu Pusan Korea
| | - Do Heui Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Institute of Chemical Processes; Seoul National University; 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul Korea
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Jeon W, Ban C, Park G, Kim JE, Woo HC, Kim DH. Catalytic Conversion of Macroalgae-derived Alginate to Useful Chemicals. Catal Surv Asia 2016; 20:195-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-016-9218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Balboa EM, Rivas S, Moure A, Domínguez H, Parajó JC. Simultaneous extraction and depolymerization of fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in aqueous media. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4612-27. [PMID: 24284426 PMCID: PMC3853749 DOI: 10.3390/md11114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass components of the invasive seaweed Sargassum muticum were fractionated to allow their separate valorization. S. muticum (Sm) and the solid residue remaining after alginate extraction of this seaweed (AESm) were processed with hot, compressed water (hydrothermal processing) to assess the effects of temperature on fucoidan solubilization. Fucose-containing oligosaccharides were identified as reaction products. Operating under optimal conditions (170 °C), up to 62 and 85 wt% of the dry mass of Sm and AESm were solubilized, respectively. The reaction media were subjected to precipitation, nanofiltration and freeze-drying. The dried products contained 50% and 85% of the fucoidan present in Sm and AESm, respectively; together with other components such as phenolics and inorganic components. The saccharidic fraction, accounting for up to 35% of the dried extracts, contained fucose as the main sugar, and also galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. The concentrates were characterized for antioxidant activity using the TEAC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Balboa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Andrés Moure
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
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Yamada S, Matsushima K, Ura H, Miyamoto N, Sugahara K. Mass preparation of oligosaccharides by the hydrolysis of chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides with a subcritical water microreaction system. Carbohydr Res 2013; 371:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aida TM, Yamagata T, Abe C, Kawanami H, Watanabe M, Smith RL. Production of organic acids from alginate in high temperature water. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh T, Sinha S, Chattopadhyay K, Karmakar P, Ray B. Polysaccharides from Turbinaria conoides: Structural features and antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2010; 118:823-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Burana-osot J, Hosoyama S, Nagamoto Y, Suzuki S, Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Photolytic depolymerization of alginate. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2023-7. [PMID: 19616772 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical reaction has been developed for the partial de-polymerization of sodium alginate, a polysaccharide utilized in medicine, pharmacy, basic sciences and foods. An aqueous solution of sodium alginate was photochemically depolymerized to approximately 40% of its average molecular weight using ultraviolet light in the presence of titanium dioxide catalyst at pH 7 over a period of 3h. The products were separated giving four fractions all having an average molecular weight that was smaller than that of the starting material. Characterization of the guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) contents, and determination of the M/G ratio of photochemically depolymerized alginate, were accomplished using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The resulting M/G ratio was compared to that obtained for alginate fractions produced by acid hydrolysis. The M and G content, of each alginate fraction, was also assigned with regards to their occurrence in G-rich, M-rich or M/G heteropolymeric domains. This new depolymerization method might also be applicable in the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jankana Burana-osot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Kalderis D, Hawthorne SB, Clifford AA, Gidarakos E. Interaction of soil, water and TNT during degradation of TNT on contaminated soil using subcritical water. J Hazard Mater 2008; 159:329-334. [PMID: 18384944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Subcritical water was used at laboratory scale to reveal information with respect to the degradation mechanism of TNT on contaminated soil. Highly contaminated soil (12% TNT) was heated with water at four different temperatures, 150, 175, 200 and 225 degrees C and samples were obtained at appropriate time intervals. At the same time, similar experiments were performed with TNT spiked on to clean soil, sand and pure water in order to compare and eliminate various factors that may be present in the more complex contaminated soil system. Subcritical water was successful at remediating TNT-contaminated soil. TNT destruction percentages ranged between 98 and 100%. The aim of this work was to study the soil-water-contaminant interaction and determine the main physical parameters that affect TNT degradation. It was shown that the rate-limiting step of the process is the extraction/diffusion of TNT molecules from the soil core to the soil surface, where they degrade. Additionally, it was determined that the soil matrix also catalyses degradation to a lesser extent. Autocatalytic effects were not clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalderis
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece.
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Tang J, Xiao Y, Oshima A, Kawai H, Nagata S. Disposal of seaweed wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) in composting process by marine bacterium Halomonas sp. AW4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbt.2008.017970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miyazawa T, Funazukuri T. Noncatalytic hydrolysis of guar gum under hydrothermal conditions. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:870-7. [PMID: 16529730 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum, a naturally occurring heteropolysaccharide made of mannose and galactose, was hydrolytically degraded without a catalyst in a batch reactor to produce water-soluble (WS) saccharides including mono- and oligosaccharides. The degradation was carried out under hydrothermal conditions over ranges of temperature from 180 to 240 degrees C and of reaction time from 3 to 60min. Guar gum was readily dissolved and hydrolyzed, and the major products identified in the WS components were oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization up to about 20, monosaccharides containing mannose and galactose, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF). At 200 degrees C, the oligosaccharide yield, obtained from the difference between the yields of the total WS saccharides and monosaccharides, showed the highest value of 94.4% at 7min among all conditions studied, on the basis of the saccharide content in the initial sample. The oligosaccharide yield decreased with reaction time, and the yield of monosaccharides correspondingly increased, and reached the highest value of 34.5% (mannose 22.8%, galactose 11.7%) at 60min. The monosaccharides produced were further decomposed to secondary products such as 5-HMF. The maximum yield of 5-HMF obtained was 26.3% at 220 degrees C and 30min. The production and the decomposition of galactose somewhat preceded those of mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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