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Yu S, Liu J, Li L, Ma K, Kong J, Zhang X. An electrochemical biosensor for the amplification of thrombin activity by perylene-mediated photoinitiated polymerization. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342494. [PMID: 38580414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin, a coagulation system protease, is a key enzyme involved in the coagulation cascade and has been developed as a marker for coagulation disorders. However, the methods developed in recent years have the disadvantages of complex operation, long reaction time, low specificity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, thrombin is at a lower level in the pre-disease period. Therefore, to accurately diagnose the disease, it is necessary to develop a fast, simple, highly sensitive and specific method using signal amplification technology. RESULTS We designed an electrochemical biosensor based on photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) signal amplification for the detection of thrombin. Sulfhydryl substrate peptides (without carboxyl groups) are self-assembled to the gold electrode surface via Au-S bond and serve as thrombin recognition probes. The substrate peptide is cleaved in the presence of thrombin to generate -COOH, which can form a carboxylate-Zr(IV)-carboxylate complex via Zr(IV) and initiator (α-bromophenylacetic acid, BPAA). Subsequently, an electrochemical biosensor was prepared by introducing polymer chains with electrochemical signaling molecules (ferrocene, Fc) onto the electrode surface by photocatalytic (perylene, Py) mediated ATRP using ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) as a monomer. The concentration of thrombin was evaluated by the voltammetric signal generated by square wave voltammetry (SWV), and the result showed that the biosensor was linear between 1.0 ng/mL ∼ 10 fg/mL, with a lower detection limit of 4.0 fg/mL (∼0.1 fM). Moreover, it was shown to be highly selective for thrombin activity in complex serum samples and for thrombin inhibition screening. SIGNIFICANCE The biosensor is an environmentally friendly and economically efficient strategy while maintaining the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-interference, good stability and simplicity of operation, which has great potential for application in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jingliang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, PR China
| | - Lianzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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2
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Kim K, Nguyen D, Strong J, Dadashi-Silab S, Sun M, Dau H, Keyes A, Yin R, Harth E, Matyjaszewski K. Block Copolymers of Polyolefins with Polyacrylates: Analyzing and Improving the Blocking Efficiencies Using MILRad/ATRP Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300675. [PMID: 38163327 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite their industrial ubiquity, polyolefin-polyacrylate block copolymers are challenging to synthesize due to the distinct polymerization pathways necessary for respective blocks. This study utilizes MILRad, metal-organic insertion light-initiated radical polymerization, to synthesize polyolefin-b-poly(methyl acrylate) copolymer by combining palladium-catalyzed insertion-coordination polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Brookhart-type Pd complexes used for the living polymerization of olefins are homolytically cleaved by blue-light irradiation, generating polyolefin-based macroradicals, which are trapped with functional nitroxide derivatives forming ATRP macroinitiators. ATRP in the presence of Cu(0), that is, supplemental activators and reducing agents , is used to polymerize methyl acrylate. An increase in the functionalization efficiency of up to 71% is demonstrated in this study by modifying the light source and optimizing the radical trapping condition. Regardless of the radical trapping efficiency, essentially quantitative chain extension of polyolefin-Br macroinitiator with acrylates is consistently demonstrated, indicating successful second block formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khidong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jacobo Strong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Guo T, He B, Mu R, Li J, Sun C, Wang R, Zhang G, Sheng W, Yu B, Li B. Electrochemically Mediated Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization by ppm of Cu II/Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2664-2671. [PMID: 38253013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most widely used methods for modifying surfaces with functional polymer films and has received considerable attention in recent years. Here, we report an electrochemically mediated surface-initiated ATRP to graft polymer brushes onto solid substrates catalyzed by ppm amounts of CuII/TPMA in water/MeOH solution. We systematically investigated the type and concentrations of copper/ligand and applied potentials correlated to the polymerization kinetics and polymer brush thickness. Gradient polymer brushes and various types of polymer brushes are prepared. Block copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (PSPMA) (poly(HEMA-b-SPMA)) with ultralow ppm eATRP indicates the remarkable preservation of chain end functionality and a pronounced "living" characteristic feature of ppm-level eATRP in aqueous solution for surface polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoluo He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rong Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chufeng Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
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4
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Qiu W, Zhang J, Ma N, Kong J, Zhang X. FADH 2-mediated radical polymerization amplification for microRNA-21 detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123548. [PMID: 37871544 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
For early diagnosis of disease, ultrasensitive mircoRNA-21 detection has considerable potential. In this paper, an ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection method for microRNA was developed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This ATRP reaction was first initiated by using flavin mononucleotide (FADH2). The DNA probe 1 modified with amino group was fixed on the magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4, and microRNA-21 was added to form the probe 1-microRNA-21. Another carboxy-modified DNA 2 forms a sandwich structure with the bound microRNA-21. Two terminally modified DNA types are used as microRNA probes, using complementary base pairing to form a stable super-sandwich structure between the DNA probe and the microRNA. Under optimal conditions, microRNA was detected in PBS buffer with a detection limit of 0.19 fM. And even in 10% of human serum, microRNA-21 can be detected with a detection limit of 47.8 fM. Results show that this method has high selectivity, efficiency and stability, which broad application prospect in microRNA ultra-sensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qiu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
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5
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Kröckert KW, Garg F, Heck J, Heinz MV, Lange J, Schmidt R, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S. ATRP catalysts of tetradentate guanidine ligands - do guanidine donors induce a faster atom transfer? Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38258473 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tripodal tetradentate N donor ligands stabilise the most active ATRP catalyst systems. Here, we set out to synthesise the new guanidine ligand TMG-4NMe2uns-penp, inspired by p-substituted tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands. The impact of changing pyridine against guanidine donors was examined through solid state and solution experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the solid state, the molecular structures of copper complexes based on the ligands TMG-4NMe2uns-penp, TMG-uns-penp and TMG3tren were discussed concerning the influence of a NMe2 substituent at the pyridines and the guanidine donors. In solution, the TMG-4NMe2uns-penp system was investigated by several methods, including UV/Vis, EPR and NMR spectroscopy indicating similar properties to that of the highly active TPMANMe2 system. The redox potentials were determined and related to the catalytic activity. Besides the expected trends between these and the ligand structures, there is evidence that guanidine donors in tripodal ligand systems lead to a better deactivation and possibly a faster exchange within the ATRP equilibrium than TPMA systems. Supported by DFT calculations, it derives from an easier cleavable Cu-Br bond of the copper(II) deactivator species. The high activity was stated by a controlled initiator for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin W Kröckert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix Garg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joshua Heck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michel V Heinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Justin Lange
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Regina Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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6
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Fronczyk T, Mielańczyk A, Klymenko O, Erfurt K, Neugebauer D. Eco-Conscious Approach to Thermoresponsive Star-Comb and Mikto-Arm Polymers via Enzymatically Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Followed by Ring-Opening Polymerization. Molecules 2023; 29:55. [PMID: 38202638 PMCID: PMC10779862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of a heterofunctional initiator derived from 2-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), having eight bromoester groups and thirteen hydroxyl groups allowing the synthesis of mikto-arm star-shaped polymers. The bromoesterification of HP-β-CD was achieved using α-bromoisobutyryl bromide as the acylation reagent, modifying the cyclodextrin (CD) molecule as confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. The initiator's effectiveness was further demonstrated by obtaining star-comb and mikto-arm polymers via an enzymatically assisted atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and subsequent ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The ATR polymerization quality and control depended on the type of monomer and was optimized by the way of introducing the initiator into the reaction mixture. In the case of ATRP, high conversion rates for poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA), with molecular weights (Mn) of 500 g/mol and 300 g/mol, were achieved. The molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymers remained in the range of 1.23-1.75. The obtained star-comb polymers were characterized by different arm lengths. Unreacted hydroxyl groups in the core of exemplary star-comb polymers were utilized in the ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL) to obtain a hydrophilic mikto-arm polymer. Cloud point temperature (TCP) values of the synthesized polymers increased with arm length, indicating the polymers' reduced hydrophobicity and enhanced solvation by water. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the ability of the star-comb polymers to create fractals. The study elucidates advancements in the synthesis and utilization of hydrophilic sugar-based initiators for enzymatically assisted ATRP in an aqueous solution for obtaining complex star-comb polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Fronczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
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7
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Halaszynski NI, Saven JG, Pochan DJ, Kloxin CJ. Thermoresponsive Coiled-Coil Peptide-Polymer Grafts. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2001-2006. [PMID: 37874177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl halide side groups are selectively incorporated into monodispersed, computationally designed coiled-coil-forming peptide nanoparticles. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) is polymerized from the coiled-coil periphery using photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) to synthesize well-defined, thermoresponsive star copolymer architectures. This facile synthetic route is readily extended to other monomers for a range of new complex star-polymer macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Halaszynski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jeffery G Saven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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8
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Zhang T, Wu Z, Ng G, Boyer C. Design of an Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-RAFT System for Protein-Polymer Conjugation Achieving High Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309582. [PMID: 37591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. To enable their widespread use, robust conjugation techniques are crucial. This study introduces a photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (Photo-RAFT) polymerization system that exhibits excellent oxygen tolerance. This system allows for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates with high bioactivity under mild and aerobic conditions. Three photocatalytic systems utilizing Eosin Y (EY) as the photocatalyst with two different cocatalysts (ascorbic acid and triethanolamine) were investigated, each generating distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of these ROS on three model proteins (lysozyme, albumin, and myoglobin) was evaluated, demonstrating varying bioactivities based on the ROS produced. The EY/TEOA system was identified as the optimal photo-RAFT initiating system, enabling the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates under aerobic conditions while maintaining high protein enzymatic activity. To showcase the potential of this approach, lysozyme-poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) conjugates were successfully prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial property against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Dadashi-Silab S, Preston-Herrera C, Stache EE. Vitamin B 12 Derivative Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19387-19395. [PMID: 37606469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in controlled radical polymerizations by cobalt complexes have primarily taken advantage of the reactivity of cobalt as a persistent radical to reversibly deactivate propagating chains by forming a carbon-cobalt bond. However, cobalt-mediated radical polymerizations require stoichiometric ratios of a cobalt complex, deterring its utility in synthesizing well-defined polymers. Here, we developed a strategy to use cobalt as a catalyst to control radical polymerizations via halogen atom transfer with alkyl halide initiators. Using a modified, hydrophobic analogue of vitamin B12 (heptamethyl ester cobyrinate) as a cobalt precatalyst, we controlled the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization efficiency of the cobalt catalyst was significantly improved by additional bromide anions, which enhanced the deactivation of propagating radicals yielding polymers with dispersity values <1.2 using catalyst concentrations as low as 5 mol %. We anticipate that the development of cobalt catalysis in atom transfer radical polymerization will enable new opportunities in designing catalytic systems for the controlled synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cristina Preston-Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Kapil K, Xu S, Lee I, Murata H, Kwon SJ, Dordick JS, Matyjaszewski K. Highly Sensitive Detection of Bacteria by Binder-Coupled Multifunctional Polymeric Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37376368 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens are a health burden, but traditional pathogen identification methods are complex and time-consuming. In this work, we have developed well-defined, multifunctional copolymers with rhodamine B dye synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using fully oxygen-tolerant photoredox/copper dual catalysis. ATRP enabled the efficient synthesis of copolymers with multiple fluorescent dyes from a biotin-functionalized initiator. Biotinylated dye copolymers were conjugated to antibody (Ab) or cell-wall binding domain (CBD), resulting in a highly fluorescent polymeric dye-binder complex. We showed that the unique combination of multifunctional polymeric dyes and strain-specific Ab or CBD exhibited both enhanced fluorescence and target selectivity for bioimaging of Staphylococcus aureus by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The ATRP-derived polymeric dyes have the potential as biosensors for the detection of target DNA, protein, or bacteria, as well as bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shirley Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Inseon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Zaborniak I, Pieńkowska N, Chmielarz P, Bartosz G, Dziedzic A, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Nitroxide-containing amphiphilic polymers prepared by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP as candidates for therapeutic antioxidants. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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12
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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13
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Solvent Coordination Effect on Copper-Based Molecular Catalysts for Controlled Radical Polymerization. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium of copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization was investigated in silico with the aim of finding an explanation for the experimentally observed solvent effect. Various combinations of alkyl halide initiators and copper complexes in acetonitrile (MeCN) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were taken into consideration. A continuum model for solvation, which does not account for the explicit interactions between the solvent and metal complex, is not adequate and does not allow the reproduction of the experimental trend. However, when the solvent molecules are included in the coordination sphere of the copper(I,II) species and the continuum description of the medium is still used, a solvent dependence of process thermodynamics emerges, in fair agreement with experimental trends.
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14
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Kröckert KW, Garg F, Heinz MV, Lange J, Simões PP, Schmidt R, Bienemann O, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S. Understanding the structure-activity relationship and performance of highly active novel ATRP catalysts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13272-13287. [PMID: 35983714 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper bromide complexes based on a series of substituted guanidine-quinolinyl and -pyridinyl ligands are reported. The ligand systems were chosen based on the large variation with regard to their flexibility in the backbone, different guanidine moieties and influence by electron density donating groups. Relationships between the molecular structures and spectroscopic and electronic properties are described. Beside the expected increase in activity by substituting the 4-position (NMe2vs. H), we showed that a higher flexibility, such as TMG vs. DMEG moiety, leads to a better stabilsiation of the copper(II) complex. Due to the correlation of the potentials and KATRP values, the catalyst based on the ligand TMGm4NMe2py is the most active copper complex for ATRP with a bidentate ligand system. The combination of the strong donating abilities of dimethylamine pyridinyl, the donor properties of the TMG substituent, and the improved flexibility due to the methylene bridging unit leads to high activity. With all NMe2-substituted systems standard ATRP experiments were conducted and with more active NMe2-substituted pyridinyl systems, ICAR ATRP experiments of styrene were conducted. Low dispersities and ideal molar masses have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin W Kröckert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix Garg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michel V Heinz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Justin Lange
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Patricia P Simões
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Regina Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Olga Bienemann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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16
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Xu X, Peng B, Hong M, Wang T, Fan L, Bao C, Zhang Q. Photo-induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene using a Highly Active Claw-type Schiff-base Ligand. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Abstract
I review experimental developments in the growth and application of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolytes (brushes), concentrating on their surface, tribological, and adhesive and bioadhesive properties, and their role as actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Geoghegan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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18
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Expanding the toolbox of controlled/living branching radical polymerization through simulation-informed reaction design. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Giri P, Pagar AD, Patil MD, Yun H. Chemical modification of enzymes to improve biocatalytic performance. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107868. [PMID: 34774927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in intrinsic enzymatic features is in many instances a prerequisite for the scalable applicability of many industrially important biocatalysts. To this end, various strategies of chemical modification of enzymes are maturing and now considered as a distinct way to improve biocatalytic properties. Traditional chemical modification methods utilize reactivities of amine, carboxylic, thiol and other side chains originating from canonical amino acids. On the other hand, noncanonical amino acid- mediated 'click' (bioorthogoal) chemistry and dehydroalanine (Dha)-mediated modifications have emerged as an alternate and promising ways to modify enzymes for functional enhancement. This review discusses the applications of various chemical modification tools that have been directed towards the improvement of functional properties and/or stability of diverse array of biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Guo Y, Zou Y, Jiang J. Plasmonic-redox controlled atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8766-8769. [PMID: 34378582 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic-ATRP has been developed in which Cu(i) species are (re)generated via photo-redox reactions both directly by hot electrons and indirectly by hot holes, in which the polymerization degree and molecular weight can be regulated by controlling the rate of plasmonic hot carrier extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
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21
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Chitosan-transition metal coordination biopolymer: a promising heterogeneous catalyst for radical ion polymerization of vinyl acetate at ambient temperature. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) of styrene was studied in detail by using CuBr2/TPMA (TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) as a catalyst. Redox properties of various Cu(II) species were investigated in CH3CN, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) both in the absence and presence of 50% (v/v) styrene. This investigation together with preliminary eATRP experiments at 80 °C indicated DMF as the best solvent. The effects of catalyst, monomer, and initiator concentrations were also examined. The livingness of the polymerization was studied by chain extension and electrochemical temporal control of polymerization.
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23
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Stevens CA, Kaur K, Klok HA. Self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:447-460. [PMID: 33984408 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are a class of molecules that combine the stability of polymers with the diversity, specificity, and functionality of biomolecules. These bioconjugates can result in hybrid materials that display properties not found in their individual components and can be particularly relevant for drug delivery applications. Engineering amphiphilicity into these bioconjugate materials can lead to phase separation and the assembly of high-order structures. The assembly, termed self-assembly, of these hierarchical structures entails multiple levels of organization: at each level, new properties emerge, which are, in turn, influenced by lower levels. Here, we provide a critical review of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly and how these materials can be used for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. In addition, we discuss central bioconjugate design questions and propose future perspectives for the field of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Pavan P, Lorandi F, De Bon F, Gennaro A, Isse AA. Enhancement of the Rate of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Organic Solvents by Addition of Water: An Electrochemical Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Present address: Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II 3030-790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Abdirisak A. Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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25
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Hajizadeh S, Bülow L, Ye L. Synthesizing a Hybrid Nanocomposite as an Affinity Adsorbent through Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Catalyzed by Myoglobin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10462-10474. [PMID: 34056199 PMCID: PMC8153740 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid bifunctional core-shell nanostructure was synthesized for the first time via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) using myoglobin as a biocatalyst (ATRPase) in an aqueous solution. N-Isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide (APMA) were applied to graft flexible polymer brushes onto initiator-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Two different approaches were implemented to form the core-shell nanocomposite: (a) random copolymerization, Si@p(NIPA-co-APMA) and (b) sequential block copolymerization, Si@pNIPA-b-pAPMA. These nanocomposites can be used as versatile intermediates, thereby leading to different types of materials for targeted applications. In this work, a phenylboronic acid ligand was immobilized on the side chain of the grafted brushes during a series of postmodification reactions to create a boronate affinity adsorbent. The ability to selectively bind glycoproteins (ovalbumin and glycated hemoglobin) via boronic acid was assessed at two different temperatures (20 and 40 °C), where Si@pNIPA-b-APMABA (163 mg OVA/g of particle) displayed an approximately 1.5-fold higher capacity than Si@p(NIPA-co-APMA)BA (107 mg OVA/g of particle). In addition to selective binding to glycoproteins, the nanocomposites exhibited selective binding for myoglobin due to the molecular imprinting effect during the postmodification process, that is, 72 and 111 mg Mb/g for Si@p(NIPA-co-APMA)BA and Si@pNIPA-b-pAPMABA, respectively.
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26
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Lattke YM, Corbin DA, Sartor SM, McCarthy BG, Miyake GM, Damrauer NH. Interrogation of O-ATRP Activation Conducted by Singlet and Triplet Excited States of Phenoxazine Photocatalysts. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3109-3121. [PMID: 33826326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalyzed ATRP (O-ATRP) is a growing field exploiting organic chromophores as photoredox catalysts (PCs) that engage in dissociative electron-transfer (DET) activation of alkyl-halide initiators following absorption of light. Characterizing DET rate coefficients (kact) and photochemical yields across various reaction conditions and PC photophysical properties will inform catalyst design and efficient use during polymerization. The studies described herein consider a class of phenoxazine PCs, where synthetic handles of core substitution and N-aryl substitution enable tunability of the electronic and spin characters of the catalyst excited state as well as DET reaction driving force (ΔGET0). Using Stern-Volmer quenching experiments through variation of the diethyl 2-bromo-2-methylmalonate (DBMM) initiator concentration, collisional quenching is observed. Eight independent measurements of kact are reported as a function of ΔGET0 for four PCs: four triplet reactants and four singlets with kact values ranging from 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1, where DET itself controls the rate, to 4.8 × 109 M-1 s-1, where diffusion is rate-limiting. This overall data set, as well as a second one inclusive of five literature values from related systems, is readily modeled with only a single parameter of reorganization energy under the frameworks of the adiabatic Marcus electron-transfer theory and Marcus-Savéant theory of DET. The results provide a predictive map where kact can be estimated if ΔGET0 is known and highlight that DET in these systems appears insensitive to PC reactant electronic and spin properties outside of their impact on the driving force. Next, on the basis of measured kact values in selected PC systems and knowledge of their photophysics, we also consider activation yields specific to the reactant spin states as the DBMM initiator concentration is varied. In N-naphthyl-containing PCs characterized by near-unity intersystem crossing, the T1 is certainly an important driver for efficient DET. However, at DBMM concentrations common to polymer synthesis, the S1 is also active and drives 33% of DET reaction events. Even in systems with low yields of ISC, such as in N-phenyl-containing PCs, reaction yields can be driven to useful values by exploiting the S1 under high DBMM concentration conditions. Finally, we have quantified photochemical reaction quantum yields, which take into account potential product loss processes after electron-transfer quenching events. Both S1 and T1 reactant states produce the PC•+ radical cation with a common yield of 71%, thus offering no evidence for spin selectivity in deleterious back electron transfer. The subunity PC•+ yields suggest that some combination of solvent (DMAc) oxidation and energy-wasting back electron transfer is likely at play and these pathways should be factored in subsequent mechanistic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisrael M Lattke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven M Sartor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Blaine G McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Niels H Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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27
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Grishin DF, Grishin ID. Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products.
The bibliography includes 429 references.
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28
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Wei Q, Sun M, Lorandi F, Yin R, Yan J, Liu T, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Cu-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Liquid Metal Micro/Nanodroplets. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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29
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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30
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Cvek M, Kollar J, Mrlik M, Masar M, Suly P, Urbanek M, Mosnacek J. Surface-initiated mechano-ATRP as a convenient tool for tuning of bidisperse magnetorheological suspensions toward extreme kinetic stability. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic NPs grafted via mechano-ATRP served as a powerful agent for enhancing performance and stability of magnetorheological suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Masar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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31
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An Z, Zhu S, An Z. Heterogeneous photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) permits the use of sustainable solar light for spatiotemporal regulation of radical polymerization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shilong Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zesheng An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
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32
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Liu Q, Liu J, Yang H, Wang X, Kong J, Zhang X. Highly sensitive lung cancer DNA detection via GO enhancing eATRP signal amplification. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Aklujkar PS, Rao AR. Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP). ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritish. S. Aklujkar
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Adarsh. R. Rao
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East Mumbai 400019 India
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34
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De Bon F, Abreu CMR, Serra AC, Gennaro A, Coelho JFJ, Isse AA. Catalytic Halogen Exchange in Supplementary Activator and Reducing Agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for the Synthesis of Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000532. [PMID: 33289265 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of block copolymers (BCPs) by catalytic halogen exchange (cHE) is reported, using supplemental activator and reducing agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SARA ATRP). The cHE mechanism is based on the use of a small amount of a copper catalyst in the presence of a suitable excess of halide ions, for the synthesis of block copolymers from macroinitiators with monomers of mismatching reactivity. cHE overcomes the problem of inefficient initiation in block copolymerizations in which the second monomer provides dormant species that are more reactive than the initiator. Model macroinitiators with low dispersity are prepared and extended to afford well-defined block copolymers of various compositions. Combined cHE/SARA ATRP is therefore a simple and potent polymerization tool for the copolymerization of a wide range of monomers allowing the production of tailored block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Carlos M R Abreu
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Abdirisak A Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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35
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Feiz E, Mahyari M, Ghaieni HR, Tavangar S. Visible-light-induced controlled ATRP by modified N-rich holey carbon nitride nanosheets in natural solvent. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Parit M, Jiang Z. Towards lignin derived thermoplastic polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3180-3197. [PMID: 33065157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biobased material found on earth. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of pulp and paper industry and biorefineries. Despite its abundance, lignin valorization is not achieved on a large scale. Recently, there has been a growing demand for using the renewable and biodegradable raw materials in the commodity polymers. Potential use of lignin as a component in thermoplastic polymers is a promising approach for its value-added utilization. Given the vast applications of thermoplastic materials, there is lack of comprehensive review on lignin based thermoplastic polymers in literature. This review focuses on the utilization of lignin as functional and structural component of the thermoplastic polymers which requires structural modifications of lignin pertaining to the polymeric system. First, various lignin modifications were discussed in view of controlling the homogeneity, reactivity, processability and compatibility of lignin for successful thermoplastic copolymer synthesis and blend processing. Then, various copolymerization methodologies of lignin applicable for thermoplastic monomers are reviewed. Lastly, the lignin based thermoplastic blends are discussed which covers the lignin blends with various thermoplastic polymers and the chemical modifications required to improve its compatibility in polymer matrix. Some of the promising potential applications and future perspectives to achieve the goal of lignin-based commercial thermoplastics polymers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Parit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
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37
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Fromel M, Li M, Pester CW. Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000177. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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38
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Enciso AE, Lorandi F, Mehmood A, Fantin M, Szczepaniak G, Janesko BG, Matyjaszewski K. p
‐Substituted Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amines as Ligands for Highly Active ATRP Catalysts: Facile Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Christian University 2800 South University Drive Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Christian University 2800 South University Drive Fort Worth TX 76129 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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39
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Enciso AE, Lorandi F, Mehmood A, Fantin M, Szczepaniak G, Janesko BG, Matyjaszewski K. p-Substituted Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines as Ligands for Highly Active ATRP Catalysts: Facile Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14910-14920. [PMID: 32416006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient two-step synthesis of p-substituted tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands to form Cu complexes with the highest activity to date in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is presented. In the divergent synthesis, p-Cl substituents in tris(4-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA3Cl ) were replaced in one step and high yield by electron-donating cyclic amines (pyrrolidine (TPMAPYR ), piperidine (TPMAPIP ), and morpholine (TPMAMOR )) by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The [CuII (TPMANR2 )Br]+ complexes exhibited larger energy gaps between frontier molecular orbitals and >0.2 V more negative reduction potentials than [CuII (TPMA)Br]+ , indicating >3 orders of magnitude higher ATRP activity. [CuI (TPMAPYR )]+ exhibited the highest reported activity for Br-capped acrylate chain ends in DMF, and moderate activity toward C-F bonds at room temperature. ATRP of n-butyl acrylate using only 10-25 part per million loadings of [CuII (TPMANR2 )Br]+ exhibited excellent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 South University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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40
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Dadashi-Silab S, Lee IH, Anastasaki A, Lorandi F, Narupai B, Dolinski ND, Allegrezza ML, Fantin M, Konkolewicz D, Hawker CJ, Matyjaszewski K. Investigating Temporal Control in Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Benjaporn Narupai
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Allegrezza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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41
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Ippel BD, Komil MI, Bartels PAA, Söntjens SHM, Boonen RJEA, Smulders MMJ, Dankers PYW. Supramolecular Additive-Initiated Controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Zwitterionic Polymers on Ureido-pyrimidinone-Based Biomaterial Surfaces. Macromolecules 2020; 53:4454-4464. [PMID: 32581395 PMCID: PMC7304927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Surface-initiated controlled
radical polymerization is a popular technique for the modification
of biomaterials with, for example, antifouling polymers. Here, we
report on the functionalization of a supramolecular biomaterial with
zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) via atom transfer radical
polymerization from a macroinitiator additive, which is embedded in
the hard phase of the ureido-pyrimidinone-based material. Poly(sulfobetaine
methacrylate) was successfully polymerized from these surfaces, and
the polymerized sulfobetaine content, with corresponding antifouling
properties, depended on both the macroinitiator additive concentration
and polymerization time. Furthermore, the polymerization from the
macroinitiator additive was successfully translated to functional
electrospun scaffolds, showing the potential for this functionalization
strategy in supramolecular material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan D Ippel
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Muhabbat I Komil
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A A Bartels
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roy J E A Boonen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippenweg 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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42
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De Bon F, Marenzi S, Isse AA, Durante C, Gennaro A. Electrochemically Mediated Aqueous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of
N
,
N
‐Dimethylacrylamide. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II 3030-790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sofia Marenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Abdirisak A. Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Christian Durante
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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43
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Raus V, Hološ A, Kronek J, Mosnáček J. Well-Defined Linear and Grafted Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline)s Prepared via Copper-Mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization Methods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Raus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Hološ
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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44
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Yildirim E. Preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by interface-mediated dissociative electron transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (IMDET-RAFT) polymerization technique. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Continuous flow photoinduced phenothiazine derivatives catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P. Surface Modifications of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) via Polymerization Methods-Current Status and Future Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E999. [PMID: 32102217 PMCID: PMC7078635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) aimed at applying it as a bone implant material aroused the unflagging interest of the research community. In view of the development of implantology and the growing demand for new biomaterials, increasing biocompatibility and improving osseointegration are becoming the primary goals of PEEK surface modifications. The main aim of this review is to summarize the use of polymerization methods and various monomers applied for surface modification of PEEK to increase its bioactivity, which is a critical factor for successful applications of biomedical materials. In addition, the future directions of PEEK surface modifications are suggested, pointing to low-ppm surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) as a method with unexplored capacity for flat surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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47
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Kovaliov M, Wright TA, Cheng B, Mathers RT, Zhang X, Meng D, Szcześniak K, Jenczyk J, Jurga S, Cohen-Karni D, Page RC, Konkolewicz D, Averick S. Toward Next-Generation Biohybrid Catalyst Design: Influence of Degree of Polymerization on Enzyme Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:939-947. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kovaliov
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Thaiesha A. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45011, United States
| | - Boyle Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dong Meng
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Katarzyna Szcześniak
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Jenczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Devora Cohen-Karni
- Preclinical Education, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, Pennsylvania 15601, United States
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45011, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45011, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
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48
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49
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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50
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Liu C, Hong CY, Pan CY. Polymerization techniques in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of controlled/“living” polymerization greatly stimulated the prosperity of the fabrication and application of block copolymer nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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