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Liu Q, Tang X, Hang T, Wu Y, Liu Y, Song T, Song Y. Exploring the performance of protected areas in alleviating future human pressure. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02023-6. [PMID: 38653867 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are effective in mitigating human pressures, yet their future pressure alleviating effects remain unclear. In this study, we employed the ConvLSTM model to forecast the future human footprint and analyzed human pressure trends using Theil-Sen median and Mann-Kendall tests. We further evaluated the mitigating effects of PAs within their buffer zones (1-10 km) and the contributions of different IUCN categories of PAs to mitigating human pressure using linear regression models. The results indicate that by 2035, the average human pressure value is expected to increase by 11%, with trends exhibiting a polarized pattern. Furthermore, PAs also effectively mitigate human pressure within their 1 km buffer zones. Different categories of PAs vary in their effectiveness in mitigating human pressure, and stricter conservation areas are not always the most effective. This study can offer insights for evaluating the effectiveness of PAs in reducing human pressure and advocate for their targeted management in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Liu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Design, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Studies, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Hang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrui Song
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Youngkeun Song
- Department of Environmental Design, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Magoulick KM, Hull V, Liu J. Mammal recovery inside and outside terrestrial protected areas. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7. [PMID: 38600245 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are a key component of global conservation, and the world is aiming to increase protected areas to cover 30% of land and water through the 30 × 30 Initiative under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. However, factors affecting their success or failure in regard to promoting mammal population recovery are not well studied, particularly using quantitative approaches comparing across diverse taxa, biomes, and countries. To better understand how protected areas contribute to mammalian recovery, we conducted an analysis of 2706 mammal populations both inside and outside of protected areas worldwide. We calculated the annual percent change of mammal populations within and outside of terrestrial protected areas and examined the relationship between the percent change and a suite of human and natural characteristics including biome, region, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category, IUCN Red List classification, and taxonomic order. Our results show that overall mammal populations inside and outside of protected areas are relatively stable. It appears that Threatened mammals are doing better inside of protected areas than outside, whereas the opposite is true for species of least concern and Near Threatened species. We also found significant population increases in protected areas classified as category III and significant population decreases in protected and unprotected areas throughout Oceania. Our results demonstrate that terrestrial protected areas can be an important approach for mammalian recovery and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Magoulick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Salvatori M, Greco I, Petroni L, Massolo A, Dorigatti E, Miscioscia M, Natucci L, Oberosler V, Partel P, Pedrini P, Volcan G, Rovero F. Body mass mediates spatio-temporal responses of mammals to human frequentation across Italian protected areas. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232874. [PMID: 38565152 PMCID: PMC10987237 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Protected area (PA) networks are a pivotal tool to fight biodiversity loss, yet they often need to balance the mission of nature conservation with the socio-economic need of giving opportunity for outdoor recreation. Recreation in natural areas is important for human health in an urbanized society, but can prompt behavioural modifications in wild animals. Rarely, however, have these responses being studied across multiple PAs and using standardized methods. We deployed a systematic camera trapping protocol at over 200 sites to sample medium and large mammals in four PAs within the European Natura 2000 network to assess their spatio-temporal responses to human frequentation, proximity to towns, amount of open habitat and topographical variables. By applying multi-species and single-species models for the number of diurnal, crepuscular and nocturnal detections and a multi-species model for nocturnality index, we estimated both species-specific- and meta-community-level effects, finding that increased nocturnality appeared the main strategy that the mammal meta-community used to cope with human disturbance. However, responses in the diurnal, crepuscular and nocturnal site use were mediated by species' body mass, with larger species exhibiting avoidance of humans and smaller species more opportunistic behaviours. Our results show the effectiveness of standardized sampling and provide insights for planning the expansion of PA networks as foreseen by the Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvatori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del lavoro e della scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Greco
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Luca Petroni
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, Campus La Bouloie–Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Enrico Dorigatti
- Parco Naturale Paneveggio Pale di San Martino, località Castelpietra, 2, 38054 Primiero San Martino di Castrozza (TN), Italy
| | - Martina Miscioscia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Luca Natucci
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Oberosler
- MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del lavoro e della scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Piergiovanni Partel
- Parco Naturale Paneveggio Pale di San Martino, località Castelpietra, 2, 38054 Primiero San Martino di Castrozza (TN), Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrini
- MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del lavoro e della scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Gilberto Volcan
- Parco Naturale Paneveggio Pale di San Martino, località Castelpietra, 2, 38054 Primiero San Martino di Castrozza (TN), Italy
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del lavoro e della scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
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4
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de Zwaan DR, Hannah KC, Alavi N, Mitchell GW, Lapen DR, Duffe J, Wilson S. Local and regional-scale effects of hedgerows on grassland- and forest-associated bird populations within agroecosystems. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2959. [PMID: 38421094 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Linear woody features (LWFs), like hedgerows along field edges, provide wildlife habitat and support biodiversity in agroecosystems. Assessments of LWFs usually focus on community-level indices, such as species richness. However, effective conservation actions need to balance the contrasting habitat preferences of different wildlife species, necessitating a focus on population-level effects in working landscapes. We assessed associations between LWFs and abundance for 45 bird species within an intensive agroecosystem in eastern Ontario, Canada. We used distance- and removal-sampling methods across 4 years (2016-2019) to estimate local bird abundance in habitats representing a range of LWF densities. We also predicted abundance across a subset of the study region with and without LWFs to understand their contribution to regional population density. Associations between local bird abundance and LWFs were variable among species, but overall community effects were clearly positive, particularly for forest and shrubland species. At the site level, 20/45 species (44%) had higher densities associated with greater LWF presence on average, compared to 5/45 (11%) with negative associations. At the regional scale, LWFs had predicted benefits on total abundance for 31 species (69%), contributing to an estimated 20% increase on average. Positive effects were most pronounced in areas with greater agricultural land use (primarily field crops), suggesting LWFs may provide crucial habitat in heavily modified landscapes but have little to no additional benefit for the avian community in areas with greater existing heterogeneity and habitat retention. Species that responded negatively tended to be at risk with strong habitat preferences for intact forests or large, open grasslands and, thus, greater sensitivity to potential edge effects. With rapidly declining songbird populations and a global need for food security, conservation strategies that amplify biodiversity and enhance agricultural productivity through ecosystem services such as pest control, pollination, and water regulation are vital. We demonstrate the benefits of habitat heterogeneity in agroecosystems on songbird densities and highlight the need to integrate local and landscape-level assessments in conservation planning. An effective, balanced strategy includes concentrating LWFs in areas of extensive arable crops, with habitat retention patches where possible, while maintaining heterogeneity through mixtures of natural habitats and pastoral farming in less intensive regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin R de Zwaan
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevin C Hannah
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niloofar Alavi
- Landscape Science and Technology, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Duffe
- Landscape Science and Technology, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Scramoncin L, Gerdol R, Brancaleoni L. How Effective Is Environmental Protection for Ensuring the Vitality of Wild Orchid Species? A Case Study of a Protected Area in Italy. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:610. [PMID: 38475457 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Orchids are among the plants most threatened by anthropic impact and environmental changes. Therefore, all known orchid species are protected in several countries by regional, national and international legislation. Several studies have cast doubts on the effectiveness of legislation to ensure the protection of wild orchids. We assessed the vitality of four orchid populations in a coastal area in Northern Italy, by monitoring the vegetative and reproductive traits of the orchid populations growing both in the protected sites comprising the Natura 2000 network, and in non-protected sites. We also monitored the level of environmental threat to orchid vitality. The early-flowering deceptive species (Ophrys sphegodes and Anacamptis morio) exhibited high vegetative vitality and experienced similar levels of environmental threat in the protected and non-protected areas. However, their reproductive success was strongly jeopardized, probably by a failed pollination that impeded the fruit set. The late-flowering, partially or totally rewarding species (Anacamptis pyramidalis and Anacamptis coriophora) were more strongly impacted by spring mowing and ungulate herbivory and alien species. Only for A. coriophora were the herbivory and alien species invasions lower at the protected vs. non-protected sites, which ensured a higher population vitality at the protected sites. We conclude that the environmental protection in our study area is ineffective for preserving orchids without targeted actions against specific environmental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scramoncin
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renato Gerdol
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lisa Brancaleoni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Kalinauskas M, Shuhani Y, Pinto LV, Inácio M, Pereira P. Mapping ecosystem services in protected areas. A systematic review. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169248. [PMID: 38101645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) supply ecosystem services (ES) essential for human wellbeing. Mapping is a critical exercise that allows an understanding of the spatial distribution of the different ES in PAs. This work aims to conduct a systematic literature review on mapping ES in PAs. In order to carry out this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was applied. The results showed an increase in the number of works between 2012 and 2023, and they were especially conducted in Europe and Asia and less in North America, South America, and Oceania. Most studies were developed in terrestrial areas, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified them into types II and IV. Most of the works followed the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment classification and were mainly focused on the supply dimension. Regulating and maintenance and cultural ES were the most mapped dimensions in PAs. The most frequent provisioning ES mapped in PAs were Animals reared for nutritional purposes and Cultivated terrestrial plants grown for nutritional purposes. In regulating and maintenance, Maintaining nursery populations and habitats and Regulation of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and oceans were the most analysed. For cultural ES, Characteristics of living systems that enable activities promoting health, recuperation, or enjoyment through active or immersive interactions and Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences were the most mapped ES in PAs. Most works followed a quantitative approach, although the number of qualitative studies is high. Finally, most of the works needed to be validated, which may hamper the credibility of mapping ES in PAs. Overall, this systematic review contributed to a global picture of studies distribution, the areas where they are needed, and the most popular dimensions and sections as the methodologies were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kalinauskas
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuliana Shuhani
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Luís Valença Pinto
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agrarian Technical School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Inácio
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7
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Auliz-Ortiz DM, Benítez-Malvido J, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Dirzo R, Pérez-Farrera MÁ, Luna-Reyes R, Mendoza E, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Álvarez-Sánchez J, Arias-Ataide DM, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, Botello F, Braasch M, Casas A, Campos-Villanueva DÁ, Cedeño-Vázquez JR, Chávez-Tovar JC, Coates R, Dechnik-Vázquez Y, del Coro Arizmendi M, Dias PA, Dorado O, Enríquez P, Escalona-Segura G, Farías-González V, Favila ME, García A, García-Morales LJ, Gavito-Pérez F, Gómez-Domínguez H, González-García F, González-Zamora A, Cuevas-Guzmán R, Haro-Belchez E, Hernández-Huerta AH, Hernández-Ordoñez O, Horváth A, Ibarra-Manríquez G, Lavín-Murcio PA, Lira-Saade R, López-Díaz K, MacSwiney G. MC, Mandujano S, Martínez-Camilo R, Martínez-Ávalos JG, Martínez-Meléndez N, Monroy-Ojeda A, Mora F, Mora-Olivo A, Muench C, Peña-Mondragón JL, Percino-Daniel R, Ramírez-Marcial N, Reyna-Hurtado R, Rodríguez-Ruíz ER, Sánchez-Cordero V, Suazo-Ortuño I, Terán-Juárez SA, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Valencia V, Valenzuela-Galván D, Vargas-Contreras JA, Vázquez-Pérez JR, Vega-Rivera JH, Venegas-Barrera CS, Martínez-Ramos M. Underlying and proximate drivers of biodiversity changes in Mesoamerican biosphere reserves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305944121. [PMID: 38252845 PMCID: PMC10861858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305944121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions to people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and species overexploitation. Thus, understanding the underlying and proximate drivers of anthropogenic threats is urgently needed to improve protected areas' effectiveness, especially in the biodiversity-rich tropics. We addressed this issue by analyzing expert-provided data on long-term biodiversity change (last three decades) over 14 biosphere reserves from the Mesoamerican Biodiversity Hotspot. Using multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling, we tested the influence of major socioeconomic drivers (demographic, economic, and political factors), spatial indicators of human activities (agriculture expansion and road extension), and forest landscape modifications (forest loss and isolation) as drivers of biodiversity change. We uncovered a significant proliferation of disturbance-tolerant guilds and the loss or decline of disturbance-sensitive guilds within reserves causing a "winner and loser" species replacement over time. Guild change was directly related to forest spatial changes promoted by the expansion of agriculture and roads within reserves. High human population density and low nonfarming occupation were identified as the main underlying drivers of biodiversity change. Our findings suggest that to mitigate anthropogenic threats to biodiversity within biosphere reserves, fostering human population well-being via sustainable, nonfarming livelihood opportunities around reserves is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín Auliz-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida97357, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA9430
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA9430
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera
- Herbario Eizi Matuda, Laboratorio de Ecología, Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29039, Mexico
| | - Roberto Luna-Reyes
- Dirección de Áreas Naturales y Vida Silvestre, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29000, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia58337, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Álvarez-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Arias-Ataide
- Centro de Investigación y Educación Ambiental Sierra de Huautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62914, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ávila-Cabadilla
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida97357, Mexico
| | - Francisco Botello
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Braasch
- Faktorgruen, Landschaftsarchitekten bdla Beratende Ingenieure, Abteilung Landschaftsplanung, Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg78628, Germany
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Delfino Álvaro Campos-Villanueva
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz95701, Mexico
| | - José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal77014, Mexico
| | - José Cuauhtémoc Chávez-Tovar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Estado de México52006, Mexico
| | - Rosamond Coates
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz95701, Mexico
| | - Yanus Dechnik-Vázquez
- Pre-Planning Center of the Gulf, Federal Electricity Comission, Boca del Río, Veracruz94295, Mexico
| | - María del Coro Arizmendi
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Pedro Américo Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz91190, Mexico
| | - Oscar Dorado
- Centro de Investigación y Educación Ambiental Sierra de Huautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62914, Mexico
| | - Paula Enríquez
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Griselda Escalona-Segura
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche24500, Mexico
| | - Verónica Farías-González
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Mario E. Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91070, Mexico
| | - Andrés García
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio48980, Mexico
| | - Leccinum Jesús García-Morales
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gavito-Pérez
- Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán de Navarro48903, Mexico
| | - Héctor Gómez-Domínguez
- Herbario Eizi Matuda, Laboratorio de Ecología, Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29039, Mexico
| | - Fernando González-García
- Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91073, Mexico
| | - Arturo González-Zamora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz911901, Mexico
| | - Ramón Cuevas-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Autlán de Navarro48900, Mexico
| | | | | | - Omar Hernández-Ordoñez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Anna Horváth
- Quirón, Centro de Intervenciones Asistidas con Equinos y Formación para el Bienestar y Sustentabilidad, Asociación Civil, Comitán de Domínguez30039, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Pablo Antonio Lavín-Murcio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua32315, Mexico
| | - Rafael Lira-Saade
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Karime López-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62209, Mexico
| | | | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91073, Mexico
| | - Rubén Martínez-Camilo
- Unidad Villa Corzo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Villa de Corzo30520, Mexico
| | | | - Nayely Martínez-Meléndez
- Orquidario y Jardín Botánico "Comitán", Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural, Comitán de Domínguez30106, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Arturo Mora-Olivo
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87019, Mexico
| | - Carlos Muench
- Coordinación Universitaria para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Juan L. Peña-Mondragón
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología -Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Ruth Percino-Daniel
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Rafael Reyna-Hurtado
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche24500, Mexico
| | - Erick Rubén Rodríguez-Ruíz
- Comisión de Parques y Biodiversidad de Tamaulipas, Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87083, Mexico
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Ireri Suazo-Ortuño
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia58337, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alejandro Terán-Juárez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Abril Valdivieso-Pérez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Conkal97345, Mexico
| | - Vivian Valencia
- Department of Environment, Agriculture and Geography, Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, QCJ1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - David Valenzuela-Galván
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62209, Mexico
| | | | - José Raúl Vázquez-Pérez
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Jorge Humberto Vega-Rivera
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio48980, Mexico
| | - Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
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8
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de Zwaan DR, Huang A, Fox CH, Bradley DW, Ethier DM. Occupancy trends of overwintering coastal waterbird communities reveal guild-specific patterns of redistribution and shifting reliance on existing protected areas. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17178. [PMID: 38332577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic stressors are redistributing species and altering community composition globally. Protected areas (PAs) may not sufficiently protect populations of species undergoing distributional shifts, necessitating that we evaluate existing PAs and identify areas for future protection to conserve biodiversity across regional and temporal scales. Coastal waterbirds are important indicators of marine ecosystem health, representing mobile, long-lived, higher trophic-level consumers. Using a 20-year citizen science dataset (1999-2019) with a before-after control-intervention sampling framework for habitat protection, we applied dynamic occupancy models to assess winter occupancy trends along the Pacific coast of Canada. Specifically, we sought to understand potential drivers of regional declines, spatial commonalities among guilds, and changes in habitat use before and after PA designation, as well as between PAs and non-PAs. Occupancy trends varied regionally, with greater declines in the south compared to the north. Regional differences underlined potential range shifts, particularly for species with traits linked to temperature tolerance, movement, and high productivity foraging, as cold-tolerant, migratory benthivores and piscivores wintered farther north relative to 20 years ago or retreated to cold-water fjords. While 21 of 57 (36.8%) species responded positively to PA designation (before-after), greater occupancy declines tended to occur in PAs established pre-1999 relative to non-PAs (control-intervention). Since PAs are currently concentrated in the south, negative associations were most apparent for species retreating northward, but existing PAs may have a stabilizing or transitory effect on southern wintering species shifting into the region from farther south. We emphasize that conservation strategies must balance persistence of current communities with preserving the climate-adapted biodiversity of tomorrow by accounting for community-level effects of species moving into and out of existing PAs. Incorporating range shifts into PA planning by predicting distributional changes will allow conservation practitioners to identify priority habitats, such as cold-water refugia, for persistent wildlife communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin R de Zwaan
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrew Huang
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caroline H Fox
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Liu Y, Ma J. Significant early end of the growing season of forest vegetation inside China's protected areas. iScience 2024; 27:108652. [PMID: 38205259 PMCID: PMC10776955 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The land surface phenology (LSP) indicators (i.e., start, end, and length of the growing season: SOS, EOS, LOS) are important to reflect the growth of forest and its response to environmental changes. However, the spatiotemporal variation and its mechanism of forest phenology under different human disturbance' levels are still unclear. Here, we compare the LSP indicators inside and outside China's 257 protected areas (PAs) and explore the influencing factors of phenological differences (ΔSOS, ΔEOS, ΔLOS). We find that in general, EOS inside PAs (mean ± s.e.m: 312.6 ± 1.2days) is significantly earlier than outside (314.6 ± 1.2days), and LOS inside PAs (218.9 ± 2.0days) are significantly shorter than outside (220.6 ± 2.0days). ΔSOS and ΔEOS are controlled by nighttime and daytime temperature differences, respectively, and both factors affect ΔLOS. This evidence provides a new understanding about the functions of PAs and its influence on forest vegetation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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10
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Braziunas KH, Geres L, Richter T, Glasmann F, Senf C, Thom D, Seibold S, Seidl R. Projected climate and canopy change lead to thermophilization and homogenization of forest floor vegetation in a hotspot of plant species richness. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17121. [PMID: 38273493 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mountain forests are plant diversity hotspots, but changing climate and increasing forest disturbances will likely lead to far-reaching plant community change. Projecting future change, however, is challenging for forest understory plants, which respond to forest structure and composition as well as climate. Here, we jointly assessed the effects of both climate and forest change, including wind and bark beetle disturbances, using the process-based simulation model iLand in a protected landscape in the northern Alps (Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany), asking: (1) How do understory plant communities respond to 21st-century change in a topographically complex mountain landscape, representing a hotspot of plant species richness? (2) How important are climatic changes (i.e., direct climate effects) versus forest structure and composition changes (i.e., indirect climate effects and recovery from past land use) in driving understory responses at landscape scales? Stacked individual species distribution models fit with climate, forest, and soil predictors (248 species currently present in the landscape, derived from 150 field plots stratified by elevation and forest development, overall area under the receiving operator characteristic curve = 0.86) were driven with projected climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and modeled forest variables to predict plant community change. Nearly all species persisted in the landscape in 2050, but on average 8% of the species pool was lost by the end of the century. By 2100, landscape mean species richness and understory cover declined (-13% and -8%, respectively), warm-adapted species increasingly dominated plant communities (i.e., thermophilization, +12%), and plot-level turnover was high (62%). Subalpine forests experienced the greatest richness declines (-16%), most thermophilization (+17%), and highest turnover (67%), resulting in plant community homogenization across elevation zones. Climate rather than forest change was the dominant driver of understory responses. The magnitude of unabated 21st-century change is likely to erode plant diversity in a species richness hotspot, calling for stronger conservation and climate mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H Braziunas
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lisa Geres
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Richter
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - Felix Glasmann
- Professorship of Forest and Agroforest Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Cornelius Senf
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dominik Thom
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
- Forest Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
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11
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Britnell JA, Kerley GIH, Antwis R, Shultz S. A grazer's niche edge is associated with increasing diet diversity and poor population performance. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14357. [PMID: 38193626 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The core-periphery hypothesis predicts niche cores should be associated with greater survivorship, reproductive output and population performance rates than marginal habitats at niche edges. However, there is very little empirical evidence of whether niche centrality influences population trends in animals. Using the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) as a model system, we evaluated whether niche centrality is associated with population trends, resource availability and diet across a core-periphery gradient. Population growth rates and density progressively declined towards niche peripheries. Niche peripheries were resource-poor and Cape mountain zebra consumed more phylogenetically diverse diets dominated by non-grass families. In core habitats they consumed grass-rich diets and female reproductive success was higher. This combination of spatial niche modelling and functional ecology provides a novel evaluation of how bottom-up resource limitation can shape species distributions, population resilience and range change and can guide conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Britnell
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - G I H Kerley
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | | | - S Shultz
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Natsukawa H, Yuasa H, Sutton LJ, Amano H, Haga M, Itaya H, Kawashima H, Komuro S, Konno T, Mori K, Onagi M, Ichinose T, Sergio F. Utilizing a top predator to prioritize site protection for biodiversity conservation. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119110. [PMID: 37783076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global change makes it ever more urgent to find creative solutions for biodiversity preservation, but prioritizing sites for protection can be challenging. One shortcut lies in mapping the habitat requirements of well-established biodiversity indicators, such as top predators, to identify high-biodiversity sites. Here, we planned site protection for biodiversity conservation by developing a multi-scale species distribution model (SDM) for the raptorial Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis; goshawk) breeding in an extensive megacity region of Japan. Specifically, we: (1) examined the determinants of top predator occurrence and thus of high-biodiversity value in this megacity setting, (2) identified the biodiversity hotspots, (3) validated whether they actually held higher biodiversity through an independent dataset, and (4) evaluated their current protection by environmental laws. The SDM revealed that goshawks preferred secluded sites far from roads, with abundant forest within a 100 m radius and extensive forest ecotones suitable for hunting within a 900 m radius. This multi-scale landscape configuration was independently confirmed to hold higher biodiversity, yet covered only 3.2% of the study area, with only 44.0% of these sites legally protected. Thus, a rapid biodiversity assessment mediated by a top predator quickly highlighted: (1) the poor development of biodiversity-friendly urban planning in this megacity complex, an aspect overlooked for decades of rapid urban sprawl, and (2) the extreme urgency of extending legal protection to the sites missed by the current protected area network. Exigent biodiversity indicators, such as top predators, could be employed in the early or late stages of anthropogenic impacts in order to proactively incorporate biodiversity protection into planning or flag key biodiversity relics. Our results confirm and validate the applied reliability of top predatory species as biodiversity conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Natsukawa
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Seville, Spain.
| | - Hiroki Yuasa
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaru Haga
- Japan Accipiter Working Group, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takeo Konno
- Japan Accipiter Working Group, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kaname Mori
- Japan Accipiter Working Group, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Ichinose
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fabrizio Sergio
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Seville, Spain
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13
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Ricci L, Di Musciano M, Sabatini FM, Chiarucci A, Zannini P, Gatti RC, Beierkuhnlein C, Walentowitz A, Lawrence A, Frattaroli AR, Hoffmann S. A multitaxonomic assessment of Natura 2000 effectiveness across European biogeographic regions. Conserv Biol 2023:e14212. [PMID: 37904665 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The Natura 2000 (N2K) protected area (PA) network is a crucial tool to limit biodiversity loss in Europe. Despite covering 18% of the European Union's (EU) land area, its effectiveness at conserving biodiversity across taxa and biogeographic regions remains uncertain. Testing this effectiveness is, however, difficult because it requires considering the nonrandom location of PAs, and many possible confounding factors. We used propensity score matching and accounted for the confounding effects of biogeographic regions, terrain ruggedness, and land cover to assess the effectiveness of N2K PAs on the distribution of 1769 species of conservation priority in the EU's Birds and Habitats Directives, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, arthropods, fishes, mollusks, and vascular and nonvascular plants. We compared alpha, beta, and gamma diversity between matched selections of protected and unprotected areas across EU's biogeographic regions with generalized linear models, generalized mixed models, and nonparametric tests for paired samples, respectively, for each taxonomic group and for the entire set of species. PAs in N2K hosted significantly more priority species than unprotected land, but this difference was not consistent across biogeographic regions or taxa. Total alpha diversity and alpha diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants were significantly higher inside PAs than outside, except in the Boreal biogeographical region. Beta diversity was in general significantly higher inside N2K PAs than outside. Similarly, gamma diversity had the highest values inside PAs, with some exceptions in Boreal and Atlantic regions. The planned expansion of the N2K network, as dictated by the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, should therefore target areas in the southern part of the Boreal region where species diversity of amphibians, arthropods, birds, mammals, and vascular plants is high and species are currently underrepresented in N2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Zannini
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- BIOME Lab, BiGeA Department, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geographical Institute of the University of Bayreuth, GIB, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Walentowitz
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Anna Rita Frattaroli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Samuel Hoffmann
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Augsburg, Germany
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14
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O’Brien P, Carr N, Bowman J. Using sentinel nodes to evaluate changing connectivity in a protected area network. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16333. [PMID: 37901466 PMCID: PMC10612492 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recognized that well-connected networks of protected areas are needed to halt the continued loss of global biodiversity. The recently signed Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement commits countries to protecting 30% of terrestrial lands in well-connected networks of protected areas by 2030. To meet these ambitious targets, land-use planners and conservation practitioners will require tools to identify areas important for connectivity and track future changes. In this study we present methods using circuit theoretic models with a subset of sentinel park nodes to evaluate connectivity for a protected areas network. We assigned a lower cost to natural areas within protected areas, under the assumption that animal movement within parks should be less costly given the regulation of activities. We found that by using mean pairwise effective resistance (MPER) as an indicator of overall network connectivity, we were able to detect changes in a parks network in response to simulated land-use changes. As expected, MPER increased with the addition of high-cost developments and decreased with the addition of new, low-cost protected areas. We tested our sentinel node method by evaluating connectivity for the protected area network in the province of Ontario, Canada. We also calculated a node isolation index, which highlighted differences in protected area connectivity between the north and the south of the province. Our method can help provide protected areas ecologists and planners with baseline estimates of connectivity for a given protected area network and an indicator that can be used to track changes in connectivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O’Brien
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF), Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Carr
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF), Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Esyunin S, Agafonova O, Ruchin A, Semishin G, Esin M, Artaev O. Spider fauna (Arachnida, Araneae) in Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park "Smolny" (Russia). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e105979. [PMID: 37901677 PMCID: PMC10612110 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ecosystems in protected areas are richer in animal and plant species diversity ("biodiversity hotspots") due to more stringent conservation conditions. Of particular importance is scientific research and monitoring of this diversity in such areas. The aim of this study is to describe a set of data on Araneae occurrence in two protected areas: Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park "Smolny". New information About 29,000 individuals are identified to the species level. In total, 342 species were recorded for both PAs. The greatest species diversity was recorded in the families Linyphiidae (109 species; 32%), Lycosidae (38 species; 11%) Gnaphosidae (28 species; 8%), Araneidae (25 species; 7%), Salticidae (24 species; 7%), Thomisidae (23 species; 7%) and Theridiidae (22 species; 6% from total species diversity). The five species most abundant in the lower stratum (litter and moss layer) of biocenoses were Diplocephaluspicinus, Micronetaviaria, Tenuiphantestenebricola, Diplostylaconcolor and Abacoproecessaltuum and the five species most abundant in the vegetative stratum (herb, shrub and tree stems and canopy) were Linyphiatriangularis, Enoplognathaovata, Evarchafalcata, Misumenavatia and Evarchaarcuata. The dataset contains information on the occurrence of seven rare species (Centromerusnurgush, Centromeruspersimilis, Diplocephalusdentatus, Entelecaraflavipes, Metapanamomopskaestneri, Pelecopsisradicicola and Porrhommamicrocavense), three species (Agalenatearedii, Neosconaadianta, Thanatusoblongiusculus) that entered here from the steppe zone and two synanthropic species (Steatodacastanea, Tegenariadomestica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Esyunin
- Perm State University, Perm, RussiaPerm State UniversityPermRussia
| | - Oksana Agafonova
- Perm State University, Perm, RussiaPerm State UniversityPermRussia
| | - Alexander Ruchin
- Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny», Saransk, RussiaJoint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny»SaranskRussia
| | - Gennadiy Semishin
- Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny», Saransk, RussiaJoint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny»SaranskRussia
| | - Mikhail Esin
- Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny», Saransk, RussiaJoint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny»SaranskRussia
| | - Oleg Artaev
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, RussiaPapanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of SciencesBorokRussia
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Justin Nowakowski A, Watling JI, Murray A, Deichmann JL, Akre TS, Muñoz Brenes CL, Todd BD, McRae L, Freeman R, Frishkoff LO. Protected areas slow declines unevenly across the tetrapod tree of life. Nature 2023; 622:101-106. [PMID: 37758956 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are the primary strategy for slowing terrestrial biodiversity loss. Although expansion of PA coverage is prioritized under the Convention on Biological Diversity, it remains unknown whether PAs mitigate declines across the tetrapod tree of life and to what extent land cover and climate change modify PA effectiveness1,2. Here we analysed rates of change in abundance of 2,239 terrestrial vertebrate populations across the globe. On average, vertebrate populations declined five times more slowly within PAs (-0.4% per year) than at similar sites lacking protection (-1.8% per year). The mitigating effects of PAs varied both within and across vertebrate classes, with amphibians and birds experiencing the greatest benefits. The benefits of PAs were lower for amphibians in areas with converted land cover and lower for reptiles in areas with rapid climate warming. By contrast, the mitigating impacts of PAs were consistently augmented by effective national governance. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of PAs as a strategy for slowing tetrapod declines. However, optimizing the growing PA network requires targeted protection of sensitive clades and mitigation of threats beyond PA boundaries. Provided the conditions of targeted protection, adequate governance and well-managed landscapes are met, PAs can serve a critical role in safeguarding tetrapod biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justin Nowakowski
- Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA.
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
| | | | - Alexander Murray
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Deichmann
- Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
- Liz Claiborne & Art Ortenberg Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Akre
- Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | | | - Brian D Todd
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Luke O Frishkoff
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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17
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Leão CF, Lima Ribeiro MS, Moraes K, Gonçalves GSR, Lima MGM. Climate change and carnivores: shifts in the distribution and effectiveness of protected areas in the Amazon. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15887. [PMID: 37744233 PMCID: PMC10516102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carnivore mammals are animals vulnerable to human interference, such as climate change and deforestation. Their distribution and persistence are affected by such impacts, mainly in tropical regions such as the Amazon. Due to the importance of carnivores in the maintenance and functioning of the ecosystem, they are extremely important animals for conservation. We evaluated the impact of climate change on the geographic distribution of carnivores in the Amazon using Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Do we seek to answer the following questions: (1) What is the effect of climate change on the distribution of carnivores in the Amazon? (2) Will carnivore species lose or gain representation within the Protected Areas (PAs) of the Amazon in the future? Methods We evaluated the distribution area of 16 species of carnivores mammals in the Amazon, based on two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for the year 2070. For the construction of the SDMs we used bioclimatic and vegetation cover variables (land type). Based on these models, we calculated the area loss and climate suitability of the species, as well as the effectiveness of the protected areas inserted in the Amazon. We estimated the effectiveness of PAs on the individual persistence of carnivores in the future, for this, we used the SDMs to perform the gap analysis. Finally, we analyze the effectiveness of PAs in protecting taxonomic richness in future scenarios. Results The SDMs showed satisfactory predictive performance, with Jaccard values above 0.85 and AUC above 0.91 for all species. In the present and for the future climate scenarios, we observe a reduction of potencial distribution in both future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), where five species will be negatively affected by climate change in the RCP 4.5 future scenario and eight in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The remaining species stay stable in terms of total area. All species in the study showed a loss of climatic suitability. Some species lost almost all climatic suitability in the RCP 8.5 scenario. According to the GAP analysis, all species are protected within the PAs both in the current scenario and in both future climate scenarios. From the null models, we found that in all climate scenarios, the PAs are not efficient in protecting species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Leão
- Programa Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação e Macroecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Kauê Moraes
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação e Macroecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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18
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Peng S, Shrestha N, Luo Y, Li Y, Cai H, Qin H, Ma K, Wang Z. Incorporating global change reveals extinction risk beyond the current Red List. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3669-3678.e4. [PMID: 37591250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Global changes over the past few decades have caused species distribution shifts and triggered population declines and local extinctions of many species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (Red List) is regarded as the most comprehensive tool for assessing species extinction risk and has been used at regional, national, and global scales. However, most Red Lists rely on the past and current status of species populations and distributions but do not adequately reflect the risks induced by future global changes. Using distribution maps of >4,000 endemic woody species in China, combined with ensembled species distribution models, we assessed the species threat levels under future climate and land-cover changes using the projected changes in species' suitable habitats and compared our updated Red List with China's existing Red List. We discover an increased number of threatened species in the updated Red List and increased threat levels of >50% of the existing threatened species compared with the existing one. Over 50% of the newly identified threatened species are not adequately covered by protected areas. The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, rather than the Hengduan Mountains, is the distribution center of threatened species on the updated Red Lists, as opposed to the threatened species on the existing Red List. Our findings suggest that using Red Lists without considering the impacts of future global changes will underestimate the extinction risks and lead to a biased estimate of conservation priorities, potentially limiting the ability to meet the Kunming-Montreal global conservation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongyu Cai
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haining Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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Brodie JF, Mohd-Azlan J, Chen C, Wearn OR, Deith MCM, Ball JGC, Slade EM, Burslem DFRP, Teoh SW, Williams PJ, Nguyen A, Moore JH, Goetz SJ, Burns P, Jantz P, Hakkenberg CR, Kaszta ZM, Cushman S, Coomes D, Helmy OE, Reynolds G, Rodríguez JP, Jetz W, Luskin MS. Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity. Nature 2023; 620:807-812. [PMID: 37612395 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations recently agreed to major expansions of global protected areas (PAs) to slow biodiversity declines1. However, although reserves often reduce habitat loss, their efficacy at preserving animal diversity and their influence on biodiversity in surrounding unprotected areas remain unclear2-5. Unregulated hunting can empty PAs of large animals6, illegal tree felling can degrade habitat quality7, and parks can simply displace disturbances such as logging and hunting to unprotected areas of the landscape8 (a phenomenon called leakage). Alternatively, well-functioning PAs could enhance animal diversity within reserves as well as in nearby unprotected sites9 (an effect called spillover). Here we test whether PAs across mega-diverse Southeast Asia contribute to vertebrate conservation inside and outside their boundaries. Reserves increased all facets of bird diversity. Large reserves were also associated with substantially enhanced mammal diversity in the adjacent unprotected landscape. Rather than PAs generating leakage that deteriorated ecological conditions elsewhere, our results are consistent with PAs inducing spillover that benefits biodiversity in surrounding areas. These findings support the United Nations goal of achieving 30% PA coverage by 2030 by demonstrating that PAs are associated with higher vertebrate diversity both inside their boundaries and in the broader landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
| | - Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oliver R Wearn
- Fauna and Flora International-Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mairin C M Deith
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James G C Ball
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shu Woan Teoh
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Peter J Williams
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - An Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan H Moore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Burns
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Jantz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher R Hakkenberg
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Zaneta M Kaszta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Cushman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga E Helmy
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jon Paul Rodríguez
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation (IVIC) and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Scott Luskin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Semper-Pascual A, Sheil D, Beaudrot L, Dupont P, Dey S, Ahumada J, Akampurira E, Bitariho R, Espinosa S, Jansen PA, Lima MGM, Martin EH, Mugerwa B, Rovero F, Santos F, Uzabaho E, Bischof R. Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1092-1103. [PMID: 37365343 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in wildlife conservation. Nonetheless there is concern and uncertainty regarding how and at what spatial scales anthropogenic stressors influence the occurrence dynamics of wildlife populations inside PAs. Here we assessed how anthropogenic stressors influence occurrence dynamics of 159 mammal species in 16 tropical PAs from three biogeographic regions. We quantified these relationships for species groups (habitat specialists and generalists) and individual species. We used long-term camera-trap data (1,002 sites) and fitted Bayesian dynamic multispecies occupancy models to estimate local colonization (the probability that a previously empty site is colonized) and local survival (the probability that an occupied site remains occupied). Multiple covariates at both the local scale and landscape scale influenced mammal occurrence dynamics, although responses differed among species groups. Colonization by specialists increased with local-scale forest cover when landscape-scale fragmentation was low. Survival probability of generalists was higher near the edge than in the core of the PA when landscape-scale human population density was low but the opposite occurred when population density was high. We conclude that mammal occurrence dynamics are impacted by anthropogenic stressors acting at multiple scales including outside the PA itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Semper-Pascual
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lydia Beaudrot
- Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Dupont
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Soumen Dey
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorge Ahumada
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Akampurira
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kabale, Uganda
- Conflict Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Santiago Espinosa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Wildlife Ecology & Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcela Guimarães Moreira Lima
- Biogeography of Conservation and Macroecology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel H Martin
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
| | - Badru Mugerwa
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty VI-Planning Building Environment, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Richard Bischof
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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21
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Hua T, Ferreira CSS. The role of nature reserves in conservation effectiveness of ecosystem services in China. J Environ Manage 2023; 342:118228. [PMID: 37295148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Establishing nature reserves (NRs) is a common method to avoid biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services (ESs). The evaluation of ESs in NRs and the exploration of associated influencing factors are the basis for improving ESs and management. However, the ES effectiveness of NRs over time remains questionable, namely due to the heterogeneity of landscape characteristics inside and outside of NRs. This study (i) quantifies the role of 75 NRs in China in maintaining ESs (i.e., net primary production (NPP), soil conservation, sandstorm prevention and water yield) from 2000 to 2020, (ii) reveals the trade-offs/synergies, and (iii) identifies the main influencing factors of the ES effectiveness of NRs. The results show that more than 80% of NRs had positive ES effectiveness, which was greater in older NRs. For different ESs, effectiveness over time increases for NPP (E_NPP), soil conservation (E_SC) and sandstorm prevention (E_SP) but declines for water yield (E_WY). There is a clear synergistic relationship between E_NPP and E_SC. Moreover, the effectiveness of ESs is closely correlated with elevation, precipitation, and perimeter area ratio. Our findings can provide important information to support site selection and management of reserves to improve the delivery of critical ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agrarian Technical School, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Hua T, Zhao W, Cherubini F, Hu X, Pereira P. Upgrading protected areas can improve or reverse the decline in conservation effectiveness: Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162345. [PMID: 36813192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are considered essential for maintaining biodiversity. Several governments would like to strengthen the management levels of their PAs (as shorthand for a hierarchy in PA administrative governance) to consolidate their conservation effectiveness. This upgrade (e.g., from provincial- to national-level PAs) means stricter protection and increased funds for PA management. However, confirming whether such an upgrade can produce the expected positive outcomes is key given limited conservation funds. Here, we used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to quantify the impacts of upgrading PAs (i.e., from provincial to national) on vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We found that the impacts of PA's upgrading can be divided into two impact types: 1) curbed or reversed declines in conservation effectiveness and 2) rapidly increased conservation effectiveness before the upgrade. These results indicate that the PA's upgrading process (including the pre-upgrade operations) can improve PA effectiveness. Nevertheless, the gains did not always occur after the official upgrade. This study demonstrated that in comparison to other PAs, those with more resources or stronger management policies were more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Francesco Cherubini
- Industrial Ecology Programme and Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiangping Hu
- Industrial Ecology Programme and Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
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23
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Parks SA, Holsinger LM, Abatzoglou JT, Littlefield CE, Zeller KA. Protected areas not likely to serve as steppingstones for species undergoing climate-induced range shifts. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2681-2696. [PMID: 36880282 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Species across the planet are shifting their ranges to track suitable climate conditions in response to climate change. Given that protected areas have higher quality habitat and often harbor higher levels of biodiversity compared to unprotected lands, it is often assumed that protected areas can serve as steppingstones for species undergoing climate-induced range shifts. However, there are several factors that may impede successful range shifts among protected areas, including the distance that must be traveled, unfavorable human land uses and climate conditions along potential movement routes, and lack of analogous climates. Through a species-agnostic lens, we evaluate these factors across the global terrestrial protected area network as measures of climate connectivity, which is defined as the ability of a landscape to facilitate or impede climate-induced movement. We found that over half of protected land area and two-thirds of the number of protected units across the globe are at risk of climate connectivity failure, casting doubt on whether many species can successfully undergo climate-induced range shifts among protected areas. Consequently, protected areas are unlikely to serve as steppingstones for a large number of species under a warming climate. As species disappear from protected areas without commensurate immigration of species suited to the emerging climate (due to climate connectivity failure), many protected areas may be left with a depauperate suite of species under climate change. Our findings are highly relevant given recent pledges to conserve 30% of the planet by 2030 (30 × 30), underscore the need for innovative land management strategies that allow for species range shifts, and suggest that assisted colonization may be necessary to promote species that are adapted to the emerging climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Parks
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Lisa M Holsinger
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Management of Complex Systems, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Zeller
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
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24
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Roznik EA, Buckanoff H, Langston RW, Shupp CJ, Smith D. Conservation through Collaboration: Regional Conservation Programs of the North Carolina Zoo. JZBG 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to rapid biodiversity losses in recent decades, zoos have become more engaged in conservation issues. Solutions to conservation challenges are complex and require collaborative efforts across organizations. Zoos can be effective partners that can contribute diverse expertise and resources to protect wildlife and their habitats. While zoos often partner with international organizations to facilitate field-based conservation projects on the exotic animals they exhibit, some of the most meaningful conservation and education initiatives are conducted locally in partnership with local organizations. A core part of the mission of the North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA) is the conservation of wildlife and their natural habitats, both regionally and internationally. The goal of this article is to review the North Carolina Zoo’s regional conservation programs and the importance of partnerships with other local organizations in accomplishing shared goals. North Carolina Zoo plays an important role in regional conservation by protecting and managing natural lands, protecting declining amphibians through headstarting and habitat management, rehabilitating native wildlife, and working on local outreach and sustainability projects to reduce impacts on natural resources and inspire others to get involved in conservation. These programs were developed through partnerships with local and state government agencies, academic institutions, non-profit organizations, other zoos and aquariums, schools, libraries, and businesses. These collaborations have been instrumental in developing and implementing successful projects by pooling limited resources and sharing crucial expertise. They demonstrate how zoos are evolving to become leaders and partners in conservation, research, and education to protect local species and natural resources.
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25
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Yousefi M, Mohammadi S, Kafash A. Modeling global habitat suitability and environmental predictor of distribution of a Near Threatened avian scavenger at a high spatial resolution. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vultures are among the most vulnerable birds in the world. The bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) is among the threatened species of vultures and listed as Near Threatened. The species is widely distributed across the Palearctic, Afrotropical, and Indomalayan regions. The species faces several threats such as poisoning, direct persecution, habitat degradation, and collisions with powerlines and wind power farms. Thus, knowing the global habitat suitability of the species and environmental predictors of the species distribution can facilitate the species conservation. In this study, we applied a maximum entropy approach, 10,585 distribution records, and 10 environmental variables to model the bearded vulture's global habitat suitability at high spatial resolution [30-arc-second (1 km)]. We also estimated protected area coverage for the species' suitable habitats. We identified 8,117,231 km2 of suitable habitat for the species across its global range in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The results showed that topographic diversity is the most important predictor of the species distribution across its distribution range. Results of estimating the area of suitable habitats of the bearded vulture within protected areas revealed that only 16.26% of the species' suitable habitats are protected. The areas that were identified to have the highest suitability for the species have high priority for the conservation of this iconic species thus these areas should be included in the network of protected areas.
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26
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Xu WB, Blowes SA, Brambilla V, Chow CFY, Fontrodona-Eslava A, Martins IS, McGlinn D, Moyes F, Sagouis A, Shimadzu H, van Klink R, Magurran AE, Gotelli NJ, McGill BJ, Dornelas M, Chase JM. Regional occupancy increases for widespread species but decreases for narrowly distributed species in metacommunity time series. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1463. [PMID: 36927847 PMCID: PMC10020147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through time, the properties of the species that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy underlying this turnover are less clear. Here, we used an extensive dataset of 238 metacommunity time series of multiple taxa spread across the globe to evaluate whether species that are more widespread (large-ranged species) differed in how they changed their site occupancy over the 10-90 years the metacommunities were monitored relative to species that are more narrowly distributed (small-ranged species). We found that on average, large-ranged species tended to increase in occupancy through time, whereas small-ranged species tended to decrease. These relationships were stronger in marine than in terrestrial and freshwater realms. However, in terrestrial regions, the directional changes in occupancy were less extreme in protected areas. Our findings provide evidence for systematic decreases in occupancy of small-ranged species, and that habitat protection could mitigate these losses in the face of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Viviana Brambilla
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Cher F Y Chow
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Ada Fontrodona-Eslava
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Inês S Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second Floor, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel McGlinn
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Alban Sagouis
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | | | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second Floor, University of York, York, UK
- MARE, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Li D, Bai Y, Lei W, Que P, Liu Y, Pagani‐Núñez E, Lloyd H, Zhang Z. Mammalian predators and vegetated nesting habitat drive reduced protected area nesting success of Kentish plovers, Yellow Sea region, China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9884. [PMID: 36919018 PMCID: PMC10008299 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protected areas provide essential habitats for wildlife by conserving natural and semi-natural habitats and reducing human disturbance. However, whether breeding birds vulnerable to nest predation can benefit from strict land management in the protected area is unclear. Here, we compare the nesting performance of two groups of a ground-nesting shorebird, the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), in the protected area (Liaohekou Natural Reserve, hereinafter PA), and the control non-protected area (non-PA) around the Liaohekou Natural Reserve, in the north of the Yellow Sea, China, and identify which environmental factors, such as nesting habitat and nest materials, influence the daily nest survival rate (DSR). We found similar nesting habitats in both study areas, dominated by bare land or Suaeda salsa grassland. However, DSR was lower in PA (0.91 ± 0.01) than in non-PA (0.97 ± 0.01). Kentish plovers nesting in areas with vegetation cover experienced lower DSR than in bare lands in both areas, and nests built with materials of S. salsa sticks had the lowest DSR in the bare land. Data from infrared cameras confirmed relatively higher predator abundances and nest predation rates by nocturnal mammals, such as Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), in PA than in non-PA, and this pattern was especially evident for plover nests located in S. salsa grassland. Our results suggest that Liaohekou Natural Reserve protected area may not necessarily provide safe nesting sites for Kentish plovers due to the abundance of generalist mammal nest predators. However, the PA includes about 80% of the nests from both locations. This means the contribution of the total number of successful nests continues to be much higher within PA, with the benefit for the species that this brings in terms of conservation. The variation and mechanisms underlying differences in the nest predator communities of PA and non-PA deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life SciencesLiaoning UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yu Bai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life SciencesLiaoning UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Weipan Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pinjia Que
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant PandaChengduChina
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of EcologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Emilio Pagani‐Núñez
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesXi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration ScienceEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Huw Lloyd
- Department of Natural Sciences, Ecology and Environment Research CentreManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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Steel ZL, Jones GM, Collins BM, Green R, Koltunov A, Purcell KL, Sawyer SC, Slaton MR, Stephens SL, Stine P, Thompson C. Mega-disturbances cause rapid decline of mature conifer forest habitat in California. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2763. [PMID: 36264047 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mature forests provide important wildlife habitat and support critical ecosystem functions globally. Within the dry conifer forests of the western United States, past management and fire exclusion have contributed to forest conditions that are susceptible to increasingly severe wildfire and drought. We evaluated declines in conifer forest cover in the southern Sierra Nevada of California during a decade of record disturbance by using spatially comprehensive forest structure estimates, wildfire perimeter data, and the eDaRT forest disturbance tracking algorithm. Primarily due to the combination of wildfires, drought, and drought-associated beetle epidemics, 30% of the region's conifer forest extent transitioned to nonforest vegetation during 2011-2020. In total, 50% of mature forest habitat and 85% of high density mature forests either transitioned to lower density forest or nonforest vegetation types. California spotted owl protected activity centers (PAC) experienced greater canopy cover decline (49% of 2011 cover) than non-PAC areas (42% decline). Areas with high initial canopy cover and without tall trees were most vulnerable to canopy cover declines, likely explaining the disproportionate declines of mature forest habitat and within PACs. Drought and beetle attack caused greater cumulative declines than areas where drought and wildfire mortality overlapped, and both types of natural disturbance far outpaced declines attributable to mechanical activities. Drought mortality that disproportionately affects large conifers is particularly problematic to mature forest specialist species reliant on large trees. However, patches of degraded forests within wildfire perimeters were larger with greater core area than those outside burned areas, and remnant forest habitats were more fragmented within burned perimeters than those affected by drought and beetle mortality alone. The percentage of mature forest that survived and potentially benefited from lower severity wildfire increased over time as the total extent of mature forest declined. These areas provide some opportunity for improved resilience to future disturbances, but strategic management interventions are likely also necessary to mitigate worsening mega-disturbances. Remaining dry mature forest habitat in California may be susceptible to complete loss in the coming decades without a rapid transition from a conservation paradigm that attempts to maintain static conditions to one that manages for sustainable disturbance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin M Jones
- USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Brandon M Collins
- University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Green
- Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park, Three Rivers, California, USA
| | - Alexander Koltunov
- USFS Pacific Southwest Region, McClellan, California, USA
- University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kathryn L Purcell
- USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station, Coarsegold, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Stine
- Stine Wildland Resources Science, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Craig Thompson
- USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station, Fresno, California, USA
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Polchaninova N, Savchenko G, Ronkin V, Shabanov D. Spider Diversity in the Fragmented Forest-Steppe Landscape of Northeastern Ukraine: Temporal Changes under the Impact of Human Activity. Diversity 2023; 15:351. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Semi-natural forests and dry grasslands are highly fragmented and influenced by human activity. Despite the small area, they serve as the refuge for habitat-specific species and enhance agrolandscape biodiversity. We studied spiders in Velykoburlutskyi Steppe Regional Landscape Park (northeastern Ukraine) for 10 years and found 224 species of 26 families; of these, 27 are rare and require protection. The araneofauna of small forests in gullies is poorer than that of the large oakeries and hosts fewer sylvatic species; the dry grassland fauna is rich, has typical steppe traits, and varies depending on topography and grazing history. The ungrazed gully hosted 125 spider species. The richest assemblages (97 species) were at the bottom, and they were similar to those of meadows and forest edges. The most typical steppe assemblages were formed on the ungrazed slope (77 species). The human-induced disturbance had a negative effect on spiders: we found only 63 species at the grazed bottom and 62 on the slope. After abrupt grazing cessation, four spider species appeared and occurred constantly at the bottom, while no species left this habitat. Grazing on the slopes declined gradually, and spider assemblages did not change significantly after the final cessation; moreover, they enriched on the abandoned slope (75 species). The presence of rare species and a variety of spider assemblages confirm the conservation value of the study site and the need to maintain its mosaic pattern.
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Smith I, Velasquez E, Norman P, Pickering C. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the popularity of protected areas for mountain biking and hiking in Australia: Insights from volunteered geographic information. J Outdoor Recreat Tour 2023; 41:100588. [PMID: 37521257 PMCID: PMC9659557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2022.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the popularity of protected areas for recreation has been increasing, short term changes in visitation occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine how volunteer geographic information data can be used to monitor such often rapid changes in visitation across multiple locations, data from online fitness platforms for mountain biking (Trailforks) and remote area hiking (Wikiloc) were analysed before (2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic for 40 protected areas in Queensland, Australia. Mountain biking was popular with a total of 93,311 routes on Trailforks, with 26,936 routes in 2019, increasing to 37,406 in 2020, and then decreasing to 28,969 in 2021. Approximately 66% of all the routes were from just three urban protected areas out of the 12 with route data. There were 4367 routes for remote area hiking on Wikiloc across 36 protected areas, which increased slightly from 1081 in 2019, to 1421 in 2020 and to 1865 in 2021. Across 18 factors, distance from urban areas and networks of mountain biking trails best predicted popularity for mountain biking based on Generalised Linear Models. In contrast, average slope and large networks of hiking trails best predicted hiking, with similar results for each year. The two sources of online data were correlated with trail counter data, although not consistently. The results highlight how external factors affect visitation, but also how the same types of protected areas remained popular, and that the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on visitation in South-East Queensland protected areas was less dramatic than for other regions. This study further highlights how volunteered geographic information can be used to assess the popularity of protected areas, including in rapidly changing conditions. Management implications Rapid changes in visitation can be challenging to monitor and manage, as occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mountain biking and hiking and factors predicting protected area popularity were examined across different parks. Visitation increased at different stages of the pandemic, with mountain bikers' preferring urban parks with networks of mountain bike trails while some hikers preferred more remote large parks. Managers can expand on traditional methods of visitor monitoring by using volunteered geographic information to monitor rapid and longer-term trends of visitation to protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Smith
- Griffith University Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Australia
- Griffith University School of Environment and Science, Australia
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31
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Anderson AK, Waller JS, Thornton DH. Canada lynx occupancy and density in Glacier National Park. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John S. Waller
- National Park Service PO Box 128 West Glacier MT 59936 USA
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32
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Bogoni JA, Boron V, Peres CA, Coelho MEMS, Morato RG, Oliveira-da-Costa M. Impending anthropogenic threats and protected area prioritization for jaguars in the Brazilian Amazon. Commun Biol 2023; 6:132. [PMID: 36792802 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaguars (Panthera onca) exert critical top-down control over large vertebrates across the Neotropics. Yet, this iconic species have been declining due to multiple threats, such as habitat loss and hunting, which are rapidly increasing across the New World tropics. Based on geospatial layers, we extracted socio-environmental variables for 447 protected areas across the Brazilian Amazon to identify those that merit short-term high-priority efforts to maximize jaguar persistence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons of measures of central tendency. Our results reveal that areas containing the largest jaguar densities and the largest estimated population sizes are precisely among those confronting most anthropogenic threats. Jaguars are threatened in the world's largest tropical forest biome by deforestation associated with anthropogenic fires, and the subsequent establishment of pastures. By contrasting the highest threats with the highest jaguar population sizes in a bivariate plot, we provide a shortlist of the top-10 protected areas that should be prioritized for immediate jaguar conservation efforts and 74 for short-term action. Many of these are located at the deforestation frontier or in important boundaries with neighboring countries (e.g., Peruvian, Colombian and Venezuelan Amazon). The predicament of a safe future for jaguars can only be ensured if protected areas persist and resist downgrading and downsizing due to both external anthropogenic threats and geopolitical pressures (e.g., infrastructure development and frail law enforcement).
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Dietz MS, Belote RT, Aplet GH. Mind the
GAP
—But make it better: Improving the U.S. Gap Analysis Project's protected‐area classification system to better reflect biodiversity conservation. Conservat Sci and Prac 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Gafna DJ, Obando JA, Kalwij JM, Dolos K, Schmidtlein S. Climate Change Impacts on the Availability of Anti-malarial Plants in Kenya. Climate Change Ecology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Orihuela‐Torres A, Sebastián‐González E, Pérez‐García JM. Outdoor recreation alters terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage and carrion removal in a protected Mediterranean wetland. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Orihuela‐Torres
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO‐UMH) Miguel Hernández University Orihuela Spain
- Department of Ecology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | | | - J. M. Pérez‐García
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO‐UMH) Miguel Hernández University Orihuela Spain
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36
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Sanderson FJ, Wilson JD, Franks SE, Buchanan GM. Benefits of protected area networks for breeding bird populations and communities. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Sanderson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - J. D. Wilson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Edinburgh UK
| | | | - G. M. Buchanan
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Edinburgh UK
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Daberger M, Kuemmerle T, Khaleghi Hamidi A, Khalatbari L, Abolghasemi H, Mirzadeh HR, Ghoddousi A. Prioritizing livestock grazing right buyouts to safeguard Asiatic cheetahs from extinction. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department Humboldt‐University Berlin Berlin Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human‐Environment Systems (IRI THESys) Humboldt‐University Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Leili Khalatbari
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Vairão Portugal
- Mohitban Society Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Arash Ghoddousi
- Geography Department Humboldt‐University Berlin Berlin Germany
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Woodhouse E, Bedelian C, Barnes P, Cruz-Garcia GS, Dawson N, Gross-Camp N, Homewood K, Jones JP, Martin A, Morgera E, Schreckenberg K. Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South. UCL Open Environ 2022; 4:e050. [PMID: 37228477 PMCID: PMC10208335 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Woodhouse
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Bedelian
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Paul Barnes
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Zoological Society London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | | | - Neil Dawson
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross-Camp
- Boston College, Morrissey College of the Arts & Sciences, Environmental Studies Program, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Julia P.G. Jones
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Adrian Martin
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Artaev ON, Esin MN. Dataset: Coleoptera (Insecta) Collected from Beer Traps in “Smolny” National Park (Russia). Data 2022; 7:161. [DOI: 10.3390/data7110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring Coleoptera diversity in protected areas is part of the global ecological monitoring of the state of ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to describe the biodiversity of Coleoptera studied with the help of baits based on fermented substrate in the European part of Russia (Smolny National Park). The research was conducted April–August 2018–2022. Samples were collected in traps of our own design. Beer or wine with the addition of sugar, honey, or jam was used for bait. A total of 194 traps were installed. The dataset contains 1254 occurrences. A total of 9226 Coleoptera specimens have been studied. The dataset contains information about 134 species from 24 Coleoptera families. The largest number of species that have been found in traps belongs to the family Cerambycidae (30 species), Nitidulidae (14 species), Elateridae (12 species), and Curculionidae and Coccinellidae (10 species each). The number of individuals in the traps of these families was distributed as follows: Cerambycidae—1018 specimens; Nitidulidae—5359; Staphylinidae—241; Elateridae—33; Curculionidae—148; and Coccinellidae—19. The 10 dominant species accounted for 90.7% of all detected specimens in the traps. The maximum species diversity and abundance of Coleoptera was obtained in 2021. With the installation of the largest number of traps in 2022 and more diverse biotopes (64 traps), a smaller number of species was caught compared to 2021. New populations of such species have been found from rare Coleoptera: Calosoma sycophanta, Elater ferrugineus, Osmoderma barnabita, Protaetia speciosissima, and Protaetia fieberi.
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40
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Hou G, Dong K, Zhang Y, Yang C. Period-oriented spatial comparative evaluation of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The period-oriented comparative evaluation of biodiversity conservation effectiveness is the main basis for implementing the transfer payment policy of ecological compensation. In response to the lack of such a spatial comparative assessment system, the paper proposes a method to construct the period conservation effectiveness index (PCEI) and applies it to the spatial comparative assessment of Chinese biodiversity conservation effectiveness in three periods from 1990 to 2015, while validating the rationality of the reference. The results show that (1) spatially, the biodiversity conservation effectiveness of key ecological function areas (KEFAs) in Central China and South China is better, while Southwest and Northwest are in the middle, and East China and Northeast are worse; (2) temporally, the biodiversity conservation effectiveness of KEFAs as a whole is worse from 1990 to 2000, best from 2000 to 2010, and middle from 2010 to 2015; (3) The existing reference establishment methods can reflect the spatial differences of natural environment background, which effectively support the spatial comparison assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness. This study constructs a spatial comparison assessment system of biodiversity conservation effectiveness within periods, which can provide a scientific basis for national and even global large-scale ecological compensation and other fund allocation methods.
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Xu X, Huang A, Belle E, De Frenne P, Jia G. Protected areas provide thermal buffer against climate change. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo0119. [PMID: 36322652 PMCID: PMC9629704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is pushing temperatures beyond the thermal tolerance of many species. Whether protected areas (PAs) can serve as climate change refugia for biodiversity has not yet been explored. We find that PAs of natural (seminatural) vegetation effectively cool the land surface temperature, particularly the daily maximum temperature in the tropics, and reduce diurnal and seasonal temperature ranges in boreal and temperate regions, as compared to nonprotected areas that are often disturbed or converted to various land uses. Moreover, protected forests slow the rate of warming more at higher latitudes. The warming rate in protected boreal forests is up to 20% lower than in their surroundings, which is particularly important for species in the boreal where warming is more pronounced. The fact that nonprotected areas with the same type of vegetation as PAs show reduced warming buffer capacity highlights the importance of conservation to stabilize the local climate and safeguard biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Elise Belle
- WCMC Europe, 26 rue d’Edimbourg, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Matar DA, Anthony BP. BREMi-A New Tool for the Evaluation of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Management Effectiveness: Case-study in the Arab Man and Biosphere (ArabMAB) Regional Network. Environ Manage 2022; 70:730-745. [PMID: 36087145 PMCID: PMC9519677 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scholars and practitioners have been striving to develop straightforward and effective tools to measure protected area management effectiveness (PAME). UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BR), with their unique functional and zonation schemes are monitored according to their compulsory 10-year Periodic Review (PR), which is useful for UNESCO's evaluation purposes but lacks comprehensiveness and utility for adaptive management. Based on existing PAME methodologies, we develop and propose the first quantitative tool for the evaluation of BR management effectiveness, that would enhance and complement the currently used qualitative PR report, and serve the rapid evaluation needed for BR managers to monitor, evaluate, and adapt their management approach to achieve the three functions of BRs. The tool consists of 65 indicators, embodied within the 6 elements of the World Commission on Protected Areas Framework. We then tested this tool, named Biosphere Reserve Effectiveness of Management index (BREMi) to evaluate management effectiveness across the Arab Man and the Biosphere Reserve network involving 17 BRs spanning 8 countries of the Middle East and North Africa. BREMi scores ranged from 4.43 to 8.65 (on a scale between 0 and 10), with a mean of 6.31 ± 1.040. All indicators were considered valuable measures of progress by our respondents, as well as by independent experts. We discuss our findings in light of available literature concerning the Arab region and through the conceptual frames of adaptive management and resilience. Finally, we discuss where the BREMi tool would be most useful for BR management authorities in the iterative process of evaluation and adaptive management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon P Anthony
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Central European University, Vienna, Austria.
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Verniest F, Galewski T, Julliard R, Guelmami A, Le Viol I. Coupling future climate and land‐use projections reveals where to strengthen the protection of Mediterranean Key Biodiversity Areas. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Verniest
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Paris France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, le Sambuc Arles France
| | - Thomas Galewski
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, le Sambuc Arles France
| | - Romain Julliard
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Paris France
| | - Anis Guelmami
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, le Sambuc Arles France
| | - Isabelle Le Viol
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Paris France
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Yousefi M, Naderloo R, Keikhosravi A. Freshwater crabs of the Near East: Increased extinction risk from climate change and underrepresented within protected areas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022; 38:e02266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Farooqi TJA, Irfan M, Portela R, Zhou X, Shulin P, Ali A. Global progress in climate change and biodiversity conservation research. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Dias PAD, Rangel Negrín A. One step forward, two steps backward: The frailty of howler monkey conservation in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23437. [PMID: 36128630 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most primate taxa are threatened by extinction and their populations are decreasing. The persistence of primates is thus conditional on conservation actions aimed at protecting them and their habitat. Here, we focus on the conservation of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Following the creation of the reserve in 1998, habitat availability and howler monkey abundance increased, suggesting that progress was being made in terms of the conservation of this species. Recent events, however, suggest otherwise, as mantled howler monkey habitat within the biosphere reserve is being disturbed by mining operations endorsed by the Mexican government. We report this case to raise awareness about the challenges for primate and habitat conservation in protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A D Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Rangel Negrín
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Durán AP, Barbosa O, Gaston KJ. Understanding the interacting factors that determine ecological effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Fardeeva MB, Chizhikova NA, Zheleznaya EL, Khapugin AA, Puchnina LV, Suleimanova VN, Ishmuratova MM, Teteryuk LV, Ilyina VN, Urbanavichute SP, Prokhorov VE, Egorova NY, Nabiullin MI, Barlybaeva MS, Kildiyarova GN, Suyundukov IV, Marakaev OA. Demographic Structure of Cypripedium calceolus L. Populations in the European Part of Russia under Climate Change. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Ulimboka R, Mbise FP, Nyahongo J, Roskaft E. Awareness of urban communities on biodiversity conservation in Tanzania’s protected areas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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50
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Ogan S, Paulus C, Froehlich C, Renker C, Kolwelter C, Schendzielorz M, Danielczak A, Müller K, Eulering H, Hochkirch A. Re‐surveys reveal biotic homogenization of Orthoptera assemblages as a consequence of environmental change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ogan
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katrin Müller
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
| | | | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
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