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Zandvakili I, Pulaski M, Pickett-Blakely O. A phenotypic approach to obesity treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:959-975. [PMID: 37277855 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that increases morbidity and mortality and adversely affects quality of life. The rapid rise of obesity has outpaced the development and deployment of effective therapeutic interventions, thereby creating a global health crisis. The presentation, complications, and response to obesity treatments vary, yet lifestyle modification, which is the foundational therapeutic intervention for obesity, is often "one size fits all." The concept of personalized medicine uses genetic and phenotypic information as a guide for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and has been successfully applied in diseases such as cancer, but not in obesity. As we gain insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity and its phenotypic expression, specific pathways can be targeted to yield a greater, more sustained therapeutic impact in an individual patient with obesity. A phenotype-based pharmacologic treatment approach utilizing objective measures to classify patients into predominant obesity mechanism groups resulted in greater weight loss (compared with a non-phenotype-based approach) in a recent study by Acosta and colleagues. In this review, we discuss the application of lifestyle modifications, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy using the obesity phenotype-based approach as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marya Pulaski
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Octavia Pickett-Blakely
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Venckunas T, Degens H. Genetic polymorphisms of muscular fitness in young healthy men. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275179. [PMID: 36166425 PMCID: PMC9514622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle structure and function remain elusive. The present study tested for possible associations of 16 polymorphisms (across ten candidate genes) with fittness and skeletal muscle phenotypes in 17- to 37-year-old healthy Caucasian male endurance (n = 86), power/strength (n = 75) and team athletes (n = 60), and non-athletes (n = 218). Skeletal muscle function was measured with eight performance tests covering multiple aspects of muscular fitness. Along with body mass and height, the upper arm and limb girths, and maximal oxygen uptake were measured. Genotyping was conducted on DNA extracted from blood. Of the 16 polymorphisms studied, nine (spanning seven candidate genes and four gene families/signalling pathways) were independently associated with at least one skeletal muscle fitness measure (size or function, or both) measure and explained up to 4.1% of its variation. Five of the studied polymorphisms (activin- and adreno-receptors, as well as myosine light chain kinase 1) in a group of one to three combined with body height, age and/or group explained up to 20.4% of the variation of muscle function. ACVR1B (rs2854464) contributed 2.0–3.6% to explain up to 14.6% of limb proximal girths. The G allele (genotypes AG and GG) of the ACVR1B (rs2854464) polymorphism was significantly overrepresented among team (60.4%) and power (62.0%) athletes compared to controls (52.3%) and endurance athletes (39.2%), and G allele was also most consistently/frequently associated with muscle size and power. Overall, the investigated polymorphisms determined up to 4.1% of the variability of muscular fitness in healthy young humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Life Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a variable and underwhelming weight loss response to current treatment approaches. Precision medicine proposes a new paradigm to improve disease classification based on the premise of human heterogeneity, with the ultimate goal of maximizing treatment effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Recent advances in high-throughput biochemical assays have contributed to the partial characterization of obesity's pathophysiology, as well as to the understanding of the role that intrinsic and environmental factors, and their interaction, play in its development and progression. These data have led to the development of biological markers that either are being or will be incorporated into strategies to develop personalized lines of treatment for obesity. There are currently many ongoing initiatives aimed at this; however, much needs to be resolved before precision obesity medicine becomes common practice. This review aims to provide a perspective on the currently available data of high-throughput technologies to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria Daniela Hurtado A.
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System La Crosse, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeanette Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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McDaniel T, Wilson DK, Coulon MS, Sweeney AM, Van Horn ML. Interaction of Neighborhood and Genetic Risk on Waist Circumference in African-American Adults: A Longitudinal Study. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:708-719. [PMID: 32914830 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding determinants of metabolic risk has become a national priority given the increasingly high prevalence rate of this condition among U.S. adults. PURPOSE This study's aim was to assess the impact of gene-by-neighborhood social environment interactions on waist circumference (WC) as a primary marker of metabolic risk in underserved African-American adults. Based on a dual-risk model, it was hypothesized that those with the highest genetic risk and who experienced negative neighborhood environment conditions would demonstrate higher WC than those with fewer risk factors. METHODS This study utilized a subsample of participants from the Positive Action for Today's Health environmental intervention to improve access and safety for walking in higher-crime neighborhoods, who were willing to provide buccal swab samples for genotyping stress-related genetic pathways. Assessments were conducted with 228 African-American adults at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS Analyses indicated three significant gene-by-environment interactions on WC outcomes within the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) genetic pathway. Two interactions supported the dual-risk hypotheses, including the SNS genetic risk-by-neighborhood social life interaction (b = -0.11, t(618) = -2.02, p = .04), and SNS genetic risk-by-informal social control interaction (b = -0.51, t(618) = -1.95, p = .05) on WC outcomes. These interactions indicated that higher genetic risk and lower social-environmental supports were associated with higher WC. There was also one significant SNS genetic risk-by-neighborhood satisfaction interaction (b = 1.48, t(618) = 2.23, p = .02) on WC that was inconsistent with the dual-risk pattern. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that neighborhood and genetic factors dually influence metabolic risk and that these relations may be complex and warrant further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01025726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McDaniel
- Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Sandra Coulon
- Department of Mental Health, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Allison M Sweeney
- Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Lee Van Horn
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Stanaway IB, Meng W, Hayward C, Smith BH, Khoury S, Parisien M, Bortsov A, Diatchenko L, Børte S, Winsvold BS, Brumpton BM, Zwart JA, Aulchenko YS, Suri P, Williams FMK; HUNT All-In Pain. Sex- and age-specific genetic analysis of chronic back pain. Pain 2021; 162:1176-87. [PMID: 33021770 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sex differences for chronic back pain (cBP) have been reported, with females usually exhibiting greater morbidity, severity, and poorer response to treatment. Genetic factors acting in an age-specific manner have been implicated but never comprehensively explored. We performed sex- and age-stratified genome-wide association study and single nucleotide polymorphism-by-sex interaction analysis for cBP defined as "Back pain for 3+ months" in 202,077 males and 237,754 females of European ancestry from UK Biobank. Two and 7 nonoverlapping genome-wide significant loci were identified for males and females, respectively. A male-specific locus on chromosome 10 near SPOCK2 gene was replicated in 4 independent cohorts. Four loci demonstrated single nucleotide polymorphism-by-sex interaction, although none of them were formally replicated. Single nucleotide polymorphism-explained heritability was higher in females (0.079 vs 0.067, P = 0.006). There was a high, although not complete, genetic correlation between the sexes (r = 0.838 ± 0.041, different from 1 with P = 7.8E-05). Genetic correlation between the sexes for cBP decreased with age (0.858 ± 0.049 in younger people vs 0.544 ± 0.157 in older people; P = 4.3E-05). There was a stronger genetic correlation of cBP with self-reported diagnosis of intervertebral disk degeneration in males than in females (0.889 vs 0.638; P = 3.7E-06). Thus, the genetic component of cBP in the UK Biobank exhibits a mild sex- and age-dependency. This provides an insight into the possible causes of sex- and age-specificity in epidemiology and pathophysiology of cBP and chronic pain at other anatomical sites.
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Dalgård C, Wang F, Titlestad IL, Kyvik KO, Vestbo J, Sorensen GL. Increased serum SP-D in identification of high-risk smokers at high risk of COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L1005-L1010. [PMID: 33759571 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00604.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important component of the pulmonary innate immune system with the ability to dampen cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. However, cigarette smoking mediates translocation of SP-D from the lung to the blood, and serum SP-D (sSP-D) has therefore previously been suggested as marker for smoke-induced lung injury. In support of this notion, associations between high sSP-D and low lung function measurements have previously been demonstrated in smokers and in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The present investigations employ a 12-yr longitudinal Danish twin study to test the hypothesis that baseline sSP-D variation has the capacity to identify smokers with normal baseline lung function who are at high risk of significant future smoke-induced lung function decline. We find that sSP-D is significantly increased in those with normal lung function at baseline who develop lung function decline during follow-up compared with those who stay lung healthy. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is the smoke-induced baseline sSP-D level, and not the constitutional level, which has capacity as biomarker, and which is linearly increased with the decline in lung function during follow-up. In conclusion, we here present first observation of increased sSP-D for identification of high-risk smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dalgård
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, and The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Louise Titlestad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research and The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
The highly variable response to obesity therapies justifies the search for treatment strategies that are best suited to individual patients to enhance their effectiveness and tolerability via precision medicine. Precision medicine development in recent years has been driven by the emergence of powerful methods to characterize patients ("omic" assays). Current available information has revealed that there are numerous intermediary processes that contribute to obesity and have provided a framework for partially comprehending the mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of obesity and its clinical consequences. Some of these processes have or are currently being targeted to individualize obesity therapy with some success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Hurtado A
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, 700 West Ave South, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. https://twitter.com/MDanielaHurtado
| | - Andres Acosta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Hunjan AK, Cheesman R, Coleman JRI, Hübel C, Eley TC, Breen G. No Evidence for Passive Gene-Environment Correlation or the Influence of Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders on Adult Body Composition via the Adoption Design. Behav Genet 2021; 51:58-67. [PMID: 33141367 PMCID: PMC7815612 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between genetic and environmental risk is complex and for many traits, estimates of genetic effects may be inflated by passive gene-environment correlation. This arises because biological offspring inherit both their genotypes and rearing environment from their parents. We tested for passive gene-environment correlation in adult body composition traits using the 'natural experiment' of childhood adoption, which removes passive gene-environment correlation within families. Specifically, we compared 6165 adoptees with propensity score matched non-adoptees in the UK Biobank. We also tested whether passive gene-environment correlation inflates the association between psychiatric genetic risk and body composition. We found no evidence for inflation of heritability or polygenic scores in non-adoptees compared to adoptees for a range of body composition traits. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores for anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia did not differ in their influence on body composition traits in adoptees and non-adoptees. These findings suggest that passive gene-environment correlation does not inflate genetic effects for body composition, or the influence of psychiatric disorder genetic risk on body composition. Our design does not look at passive gene-environment correlation in childhood, and does not test for 'pure' environmental effects or the effects of active and evocative gene-environment correlations, where child genetics directly influences home environment. However, these findings suggest that genetic influences identified for body composition in this adult sample are direct, and not confounded by the family environment provided by biological relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avina K Hunjan
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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9
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Johnson W, Mortensen EL, Kyvik KO. Gene-Environment Interplay Between Physical Exercise and Fitness and Depression Symptomatology. Behav Genet 2020; 50:346-62. [PMID: 32797342 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies often report beneficial effects of physical exercise on depression symptomatology, both in clinical and community samples. In clinical samples, effects are observed using physical exercise as primary treatment and supplement to antidepressant medications and/or psychotherapies. Magnitudes vary with sample characteristics, exercise measure, and study rigor. Both propensity to exercise and vulnerability to depression show genetic influences, suggesting gene–environment interplay. We investigated this in a Danish Twin Registry-based community sample who completed a cycle fitness test and detailed assessments of depression symptomatology and regular exercise engagement that enabled estimates of typical total, intentional exercise-specific, and other metabolic equivalent (MET) expenditures. All exercise-related measures correlated negatively with depression symptomatology (− .07 to − .19). Genetic variance was lower at higher levels of cycle fitness, with genetic and shared environmental correlations of − .50 and 1.0, respectively. Nonshared environmental variance in depression was lower at higher levels of total MET, with no indications of genetic or environmental covariance. Being physically active and/or fit tended to prevent depression, apparently because fewer participants with higher levels of activity and fitness reported high depression symptomatology. This was driven by nonshared environmental influences on activity but genetic influences on physical fitness. Genetic correlation suggested people less genetically inclined toward physical fitness may also be genetically vulnerable to depression, possibly because inertia impedes activity but also possibly due to social pressures to be fit. Exercise programs for general well-being should emphasize participation, not performance level or fitness. We discuss possible interrelations between fitness aptitude and metabolism.
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Diels S, Vanden Berghe W, Van Hul W. Insights into the multifactorial causation of obesity by integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13019. [PMID: 32170999 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a highly heritable multifactorial disease that places an enormous burden on human health. Its increasing prevalence and the concomitant-reduced life expectancy has intensified the search for new analytical methods that can reduce the knowledge gap between genetic susceptibility and functional consequences of the disease pathology. Although the influence of genetics and epigenetics has been studied independently in the past, there is increasing evidence that genetic variants interact with environmental factors through epigenetic regulation. This suggests that a combined analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation may be more effective in characterizing the obesity phenotype. To date, limited genome-wide integrative analyses have been performed. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest findings, advantages, and challenges and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diels
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Hübel C, Gaspar HA, Coleman JRI, Hanscombe KB, Purves K, Prokopenko I, Graff M, Ngwa JS, Workalemahu T, O'Reilly PF, Bulik CM, Breen G. Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5765. [PMID: 31852892 PMCID: PMC6920448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition is often altered in psychiatric disorders. Using genome-wide common genetic variation data, we calculate sex-specific genetic correlations amongst body fat %, fat mass, fat-free mass, physical activity, glycemic traits and 17 psychiatric traits (up to N = 217,568). Two patterns emerge: (1) anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and education years are negatively genetically correlated with body fat % and fat-free mass, whereas (2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alcohol dependence, insomnia, and heavy smoking are positively correlated. Anorexia nervosa shows a stronger genetic correlation with body fat % in females, whereas education years is more strongly correlated with fat mass in males. Education years and ADHD show genetic overlap with childhood obesity. Mendelian randomization identifies schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and higher education as causal for decreased fat mass, with higher body fat % possibly being a causal risk factor for ADHD and heavy smoking. These results suggest new possibilities for targeted preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Héléna A Gaspar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ken B Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kirstin Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Julius S Ngwa
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul F O'Reilly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27514, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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12
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Hübel C, Gaspar HA, Coleman JRI, Finucane H, Purves KL, Hanscombe KB, Prokopenko I, Graff M, Ngwa JS, Workalemahu T, O'Reilly PF, Bulik CM, Breen G. Genomics of body fat percentage may contribute to sex bias in anorexia nervosa. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:428-438. [PMID: 30593698 PMCID: PMC6751355 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) occurs nine times more often in females than in males. Although environmental factors likely play a role, the reasons for this imbalanced sex ratio remain unresolved. AN displays high genetic correlations with anthropometric and metabolic traits. Given sex differences in body composition, we investigated the possible metabolic underpinnings of female propensity for AN. We conducted sex-specific GWAS in a healthy and medication-free subsample of the UK Biobank (n = 155,961), identifying 77 genome-wide significant loci associated with body fat percentage (BF%) and 174 with fat-free mass (FFM). Partitioned heritability analysis showed an enrichment for central nervous tissue-associated genes for BF%, which was more prominent in females than males. Genetic correlations of BF% and FFM with the largest GWAS of AN by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were estimated to explore shared genomics. The genetic correlations of BF%male and BF%female with AN differed significantly from each other (p < .0001, δ = -0.17), suggesting that the female preponderance in AN may, in part, be explained by sex-specific anthropometric and metabolic genetic factors increasing liability to AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Héléna A. Gaspar
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Schmidt Fellows ProgramBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Kirstin L. Purves
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Julius S. Ngwa
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul F. O'Reilly
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
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13
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Bovet J. Evolutionary Theories and Men's Preferences for Women's Waist-to-Hip Ratio: Which Hypotheses Remain? A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1221. [PMID: 31244708 PMCID: PMC6563790 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, a large amount of research has been dedicated to identifying men's preferences for women's physical features, and the evolutionary benefits associated with such preferences. Today, this area of research generates substantial controversy and criticism. I argue that part of the crisis is due to inaccuracies in the evolutionary hypotheses used in the field. For this review, I focus on the extensive literature regarding men's adaptive preferences for women's waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), which has become a classic example of the just-so storytelling contributing to the general mistrust toward evolutionary explanations of human behavior. The issues in this literature originate in the vagueness and incompleteness of the theorizing of the evolutionary mechanisms leading to mate preferences. Authors seem to have rushed into testing and debating the effects of WHR on women's attractiveness under various conditions and using different stimuli, without first establishing (a) clear definitions of the central evolution concepts (e.g., female mate value is often reduced to an imprecise concept of "health-and-fertility"), and (b) a complete overview of the distinct evolutionary paths potentially at work (e.g., focusing on fecundability while omitting descendants' quality). Unsound theoretical foundations will lead to imprecise predictions which cannot properly be tested, thus ultimately resulting in the premature rejection of an evolutionary explanation to human mate preferences. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of the existing hypotheses on why men's preferences for a certain WHR in women might be adaptive, as well as an analysis of the theoretical credibility of these hypotheses. By dissecting the evolutionary reasoning behind each hypothesis, I show which hypotheses are plausible and which are unfit to account for men's preferences for female WHR. Moreover, the most cited hypotheses (e.g., WHR as a cue of health or fecundity) are found to not necessarily be the ones with the strongest theoretical support, and some promising hypotheses (e.g., WHR as a cue of parity or current pregnancy) have seemingly been mostly overlooked. Finally, I suggest some directions for future studies on human mate choice, to move this evolutionary psychology literature toward a stronger theoretical foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bovet
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental influences on anthropometric measures can be investigated by comparing dizygotic (DZ) versus monozygotic (MZ) twins. Investigating cohorts living in different geographical areas across the globe can identify the variation in heritability versus environment. AIMS (1) To investigate the association between birth weight and anthropometric measurements during adulthood; (2) to study the genetic and environmental influences on body measures including birth weight, weight and height among twins; and (3) to assess the variation in heritability versus environment among two cohorts of twins who lived in different geographical areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twins were collected from two twin registers. Data on birth weight, adult weight and height in 430 MZ and 170 DZ twins living in two geographically distinct parts of the world were collected. A genetic analysis was performed using MX software. RESULTS Birth weight was associated with weight, height and BMI. Both MZ and DZ twins with low birth weight had shorter height during their adult life (p = 0.001), but only MZ twins with lower birth weight were lighter at adulthood (p = 0.001). Intra-pair differences in birth weight were not associated with differences in adult height (p = 0.366) or weight (p = 0.796). Additive genetic effects accounted for 53% of the variance in weight, 43% in height and 55% in birth weight. The remaining variance was attributed to unique environmental effects (15% for weight, 13% for height and 45% for birth weight and only 16% for BMI). Variability was found to be different in the two cohorts. The best fitting model for birth weight and BMI was additive genetic and non-shared environment and for weight and height was additive genetic, non-shared environment (plus common Environment). CONCLUSIONS Data suggests that the association between weight at birth and anthropometric measures in later life is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Living in different environments can potentially relate to variation found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Jahanfar
- a MPH Program, Public Health Department , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , MI , USA
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15
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Doornweerd S, De Geus EJ, Barkhof F, Van Bloemendaal L, Boomsma DI, Van Dongen J, Drent ML, Willemsen G, Veltman DJ, IJzerman RG. Brain reward responses to food stimuli among female monozygotic twins discordant for BMI. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:718-727. [PMID: 28597337 PMCID: PMC5990553 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals are characterized by altered brain reward responses to food. Despite the latest discovery of obesity-associated genes, the contribution of environmental and genetic factors to brain reward responsiveness to food remains largely unclear. Sixteen female monozygotic twin pairs with a mean BMI discordance of 3.96 ± 2.1 kg/m2 were selected from the Netherlands Twin Register to undergo functional MRI scanning while watching high- and low-calorie food and non-food pictures and during the anticipation and receipt of chocolate milk. In addition, appetite ratings, eating behavior and food intake were assessed using visual analog scales, validated questionnaires and an ad libitum lunch. In the overall group, visual and taste stimuli elicited significant activation in regions of interest (ROIs) implicated in reward, i.e. amygdala, insula, striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. However, when comparing leaner and heavier co-twins no statistically significant differences in ROI-activations were observed after family wise error correction. Heavier versus leaner co-twins reported higher feelings of hunger (P = 0.02), cravings for sweet food (P = 0.04), body dissatisfaction (P < 0.05) and a trend towards more emotional eating (P = 0.1), whereas caloric intake was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.3). Our results suggest that inherited rather than environmental factors are largely responsible for the obesity-related altered brain responsiveness to food. Future studies should elucidate the genetic variants underlying the susceptibility to reward dysfunction and obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02025595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stieneke Doornweerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eco J De Geus
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte Van Bloemendaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Van Dongen
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine L Drent
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Obesity affects 600 million people globally and over one third of the American population. Along with associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer; the direct and indirect costs of managing obesity are 21% of the total medical costs. These factors shed light on why developing effective and pragmatic strategies to reduce body weight in obese individuals is a major public health concern. An estimated 60-70% of obese Americans attempt to lose weight each year, with only a small minority able to achieve and maintain long term weight loss. To address this issue a precision medicine approach for weight loss has been considered, which places an emphasis on sustainability and real-world application to individualized therapy. In this article we review weight loss interventions in the context of precision medicine and discuss the role of genetic and epigenetic factors, pharmacological interventions, lifestyle interventions, and bariatric surgery on weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America; Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Sabbahi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America; School of Physical Therapy, South College, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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17
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Mõttus R, Sinick J, Terracciano A, Hřebíčková M, Kandler C, Ando J, Mortensen EL, Colodro-Conde L, Jang KL. Personality characteristics below facets: A replication and meta-analysis of cross-rater agreement, rank-order stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances. J Pers Soc Psychol 2018; 117:e35-e50. [PMID: 30047763 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mõttus and colleagues (2017) reported evidence that the unique variance in specific personality characteristics captured by single descriptive items often displayed trait-like properties of cross-rater agreement, rank-order stability, and heritability. They suggested that the personality hierarchy should be extended below facets to incorporate these specific characteristics, called personality nuances. The present study attempted to replicate these findings, employing data from 6,287 individuals from 6 countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Japan, and United States). The same personality measure-240-item Revised NEO Personality Inventory-and statistical procedures were used. The present findings closely replicated the original results. When the original and current results were meta-analyzed, the unique variance of nearly all items (i.e., items' scores residualized for all broader personality traits) showed statistically significant cross-rater agreement (median = .12) and rank-order stability over an average of 12 years (median = .24), and the unique variance of the majority of items had a significant heritable component (median = .14). These 3 item properties were intercorrelated, suggesting that items systematically differed in the degree of reflecting valid unique variance. Also, associations of items' unique variance with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) replicated across samples and tracked with the original findings. Moreover, associations between item residuals and BMI obtained from one group of people allowed for a significant incremental prediction of BMI in an independent sample. Overall, these findings reinforce the hypotheses that nuances constitute the building blocks of the personality trait hierarchy, their properties are robust and they can be useful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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18
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Zillikens MC, Demissie S, Hsu YH, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Chou WC, Stolk L, Livshits G, Broer L, Johnson T, Koller DL, Kutalik Z, Luan J, Malkin I, Ried JS, Smith AV, Thorleifsson G, Vandenput L, Hua Zhao J, Zhang W, Aghdassi A, Åkesson K, Amin N, Baier LJ, Barroso I, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Biffar R, Bochud M, Boehnke M, Borecki IB, Buchman AS, Byberg L, Campbell H, Campos Obanda N, Cauley JA, Cawthon PM, Cederberg H, Chen Z, Cho NH, Jin Choi H, Claussnitzer M, Collins F, Cummings SR, De Jager PL, Demuth I, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Diatchenko L, Eiriksdottir G, Enneman AW, Erdos M, Eriksson JG, Eriksson J, Estrada K, Evans DS, Feitosa MF, Fu M, Garcia M, Gieger C, Girke T, Glazer NL, Grallert H, Grewal J, Han BG, Hanson RL, Hayward C, Hofman A, Hoffman EP, Homuth G, Hsueh WC, Hubal MJ, Hubbard A, Huffman KM, Husted LB, Illig T, Ingelsson E, Ittermann T, Jansson JO, Jordan JM, Jula A, Karlsson M, Khaw KT, Kilpeläinen TO, Klopp N, Kloth JSL, Koistinen HA, Kraus WE, Kritchevsky S, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lang T, Langdahl BL, Launer LJ, Lee JY, Lerch MM, Lewis JR, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu Y, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Luben RN, Maixner W, McGuigan FE, Medina-Gomez C, Meitinger T, Melhus H, Mellström D, Melov S, Michaëlsson K, Mitchell BD, Morris AP, Mosekilde L, Newman A, Nielson CM, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Orwoll ES, Palotie A, Parker SCJ, Peacock M, Perola M, Peters A, Polasek O, Prince RL, Räikkönen K, Ralston SH, Ripatti S, Robbins JA, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Satterfield S, Schadt EE, Schipf S, Scott L, Sehmi J, Shen J, Soo Shin C, Sigurdsson G, Smith S, Soranzo N, Stančáková A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Streeten EA, Styrkarsdottir U, Swart KMA, Tan ST, Tarnopolsky MA, Thompson P, Thomson CA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tikkanen E, Tranah GJ, Tuomilehto J, van Schoor NM, Verma A, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wactawski-Wende J, Walker M, Weedon MN, Welch R, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Williams FMK, Wilson JF, Wright NC, Xie W, Yu L, Zhou Y, Chambers JC, Döring A, van Duijn CM, Econs MJ, Gudnason V, Kooner JS, Psaty BM, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Ossowski V, Waterworth D, Loos RJF, Karasik D, Harris TB, Ohlsson C, Kiel DP. Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. Nat Commun 2017; 8:80. [PMID: 28724990 PMCID: PMC5517526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10−8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10−6). Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass. Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Ida Malkin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Ali Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Kristina Åkesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 22362, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, S-205 02, Sweden
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Experimental & Integrative Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Rainer Biffar
- Centre of Oral Health, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
| | | | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Henna Cederberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Zhao Chen
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju Si, Korea
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Francis Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | | | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G1, Canada.,Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Erdos
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, 65130, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mao Fu
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicole L Glazer
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,CCG Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jagvir Grewal
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lise B Husted
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE 405 30, Sweden
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, 22362, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - William E Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Thomas Lang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Youfang Liu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - William Maixner
- Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 22362, Sweden
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, LA, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Leif Mosekilde
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Anne Newman
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 300 CA, The Netherlands.,Centre for Medical Systems Biology and Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, RC2300, The Netherlands
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Human Genetics and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomic and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Laura Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joban Sehmi
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jian Shen
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Shad Smith
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27110, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC) - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT1081, The Netherlands
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Patricia Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, 65130, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 12589, Saudi Arabia.,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT1081, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun Verma
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ryan Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicole C Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Weijia Xie
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, SW3 6NP, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Centre for Medical Systems Biology and Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, RC2300, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Vicky Ossowski
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Dawn Waterworth
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, 19112, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Institute of Child Health and Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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19
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Ge T, Chen CY, Neale BM, Sabuncu MR, Smoller JW. Phenome-wide heritability analysis of the UK Biobank. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006711. [PMID: 28388634 PMCID: PMC5400281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritability estimation provides important information about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation, and provides an upper bound for the utility of genetic risk prediction models. Recent technological and statistical advances have enabled the estimation of additive heritability attributable to common genetic variants (SNP heritability) across a broad phenotypic spectrum. Here, we present a computationally and memory efficient heritability estimation method that can handle large sample sizes, and report the SNP heritability for 551 complex traits derived from the interim data release (152,736 subjects) of the large-scale, population-based UK Biobank, comprising both quantitative phenotypes and disease codes. We demonstrate that common genetic variation contributes to a broad array of quantitative traits and human diseases in the UK population, and identify phenotypes whose heritability is moderated by age (e.g., a majority of physical measures including height and body mass index), sex (e.g., blood pressure related traits) and socioeconomic status (education). Our study represents the first comprehensive phenome-wide heritability analysis in the UK Biobank, and underscores the importance of considering population characteristics in interpreting heritability. Heritability of a trait refers to the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation among individuals. It provides important information about the genetic basis of complex traits and indicates whether a phenotype is an appropriate target for more specific statistical and molecular genetic analyses. Recent studies have leveraged the increasingly ubiquitous genome-wide data and documented the heritability attributable to common genetic variation captured by genotyping microarrays for a wide range of human traits. However, heritability is not a fixed property of a phenotype and can vary with population-specific differences in the genetic background and environmental variation. Here, using a computationally and memory efficient heritability estimation method, we report the heritability for a large number of traits derived from the large-scale, population-based UK Biobank, and, for the first time, demonstrate the moderating effect of three major demographic variables (age, sex and socioeconomic status) on heritability estimates derived from genome-wide common genetic variation. Our study represents the first comprehensive heritability analysis across the phenotypic spectrum in the UK Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ge
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TG); (JWS)
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mert R. Sabuncu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TG); (JWS)
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20
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Zadro JR, Shirley D, Andrade TB, Scurrah KJ, Bauman A, Ferreira PH. The Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity: Is It Down to Your Genes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Twin and Family Studies. Sports Med Open 2017; 3:4. [PMID: 28074345 PMCID: PMC5225201 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-016-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background There is evidence for considerable heterogeneity in the responsiveness to regular physical activity (PA) which might reflect the influence of genetic factors. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether the response to a PA intervention for measures of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness is (i) correlated within twin pairs and/or families and (ii) more correlated in monozygotic twins (MZ) compared to dizygotic twins (DZ), which would be consistent with genetic effects. Methods We performed electronic database searches, combining key words relating to “physical activity” and “genetics”, in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTS Discuss, AMED, PsycINFO, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS from the earliest records to March 2016. Twin and family studies were included if they assessed body composition and/or cardiorespiratory fitness following a PA intervention, and provided a heritability estimate, maximal heritability estimate, or within MZ twin pair correlation (rMZ). Data on heritability (twin studies), maximal heritability (family studies), and the rMZ were extracted from included studies, although heritability estimates were not reported as small sample sizes made them uninformative. Results After screening 224 full texts, nine twin and five family studies were included in this review. The pooled rMZ in response to PA was significant for body mass index (rMZ = 0.69, n = 58), fat mass (rMZ = 0.58, n = 48), body fat percentage (rMZ = 0.55, n = 72), waist circumference (rMZ = 0.50, n = 27), and VO2max (rMZ = 0.39, n = 48), where “n” represents the total number of twin pairs from all studies. Maximal heritability estimates ranged from 0–21% for measures of body composition, and 22–57% for cardiorespiratory fitness. Twin studies differed in sample age, baseline values, and PA intervention, although the exclusion of any one study did not affect the results. Conclusions Shared familial factors, including genetics, are likely to be a significant contributor to the response of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness following PA. Genetic factors may explain individual variation in the response to PA. Trial Registrations PROSPERO Registration No CRD42015020056. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40798-016-0073-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Zadro
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia.
| | - D Shirley
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - T B Andrade
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - K J Scurrah
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Twin Research, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bauman
- School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P H Ferreira
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
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Wells JCK, Shirley MK. Body composition and the monitoring of non-communicable chronic disease risk. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2016; 1:e18. [PMID: 29868210 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for simple proxies of health status, in order to improve monitoring of chronic disease risk within and between populations, and to assess the efficacy of public health interventions as well as clinical management. This review discusses how, building on recent research findings, body composition outcomes may contribute to this effort. Traditionally, body mass index has been widely used as the primary index of nutritional status in children and adults, but it has several limitations. We propose that combining information on two generic traits, indexing both the ‘metabolic load’ that increases chronic non-communicable disease risk, and the homeostatic ‘metabolic capacity’ that protects against these diseases, offers a new opportunity to improve assessment of disease risk. Importantly, this approach may improve the ability to take into account ethnic variability in chronic disease risk. This approach could be applied using simple measurements readily carried out in the home or community, making it ideal for M-health and E-health monitoring strategies.
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Li S, Kyvik KO, Duan H, Zhang D, Pang Z, Hjelmborg J, Tan Q, Kruse T, Dalgård C. Longitudinal Investigation into Genetics in the Conservation of Metabolic Phenotypes in Danish and Chinese Twins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162805. [PMID: 27618179 PMCID: PMC5019416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal twin studies on long term conservation of individual metabolic phenotypes can help to explore the genetic and environmental basis in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and metabolic health. We performed a longitudinal twin study on 12 metabolic phenotypes from Danish twins followed up for 12 years and Chinese twins traced for 7 years. The study covered a relatively large sample of 502 pairs of Danish adult twins with a mean age at intake of 38 years and a total of 181 Chinese adult twin pairs with a mean baseline age of 39.5 years. Bivariate twin models were fitted to the longitudinal measurements taken at two time points (at baseline and follow-up) to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotype variation and correlation at and between the two time points. High genetic components in the regulation of intra-individual phenotype correlation or stability over time were estimated in both Danish (h2>0.75 except fasting blood glucose) and Chinese (h2>0.72 except blood pressure) twins; moderate to high genetic contribution to phenotype variation at the two time points were also estimated except for the low genetic regulation on glucose in Danish and on blood pressure in Chinese twins. Meanwhile the bivariate twin models estimated shared environmental contributions to the variance and covariance in fasting blood glucose in Danish twins, and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese twins. Overall, our longitudinal twin study on long-term stability of metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins identified a common pattern of high genetic control over phenotype conservation, and at the same time revealed population-specific patterns of genetic and common environmental regulation on the variance as well as covariance of glucose and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Pedersen JK, Elo IT, Schupf N, Perls TT, Stallard E, Yashin AI, Christensen K. The Survival of Spouses Marrying Into Longevity-Enriched Families. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 72:109-114. [PMID: 27540092 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of longevity-enriched families are an important tool to gain insight into the mechanisms of exceptionally long and healthy lives. In the Long Life Family Study, the spouses of the members of the longevity-enriched families are often used as a control group. These spouses could be expected to have better health than the background population due to shared family environment with the longevity-enriched family members and due to assortative mating. METHODS A Danish cohort study of 5,363 offspring of long-lived siblings, born 1917-1982, and 4,498 "first spouses" of these offspring. For each offspring and spouse, 10 controls were drawn from a 5% random sample of the Danish population matched on birth year and sex. Mortality was assessed for ages 20-69 years during 1968-2013 based on prospectively collected registry data. RESULTS During the 45-year follow-up period, 437 offspring deaths and 502 offspring spouse deaths were observed. Compared with the background population, the hazard ratio for male offspring was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.50) and for female offspring it was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49-0.66). For male spouses, the hazard ratio was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74), whereas for female spouses it was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54-0.76). Sensitivity analyses in restricted samples gave similar results. CONCLUSION The mortality for ages 20-69 years of spouses marrying into longevity-enriched families is substantially lower than the mortality in the background population, although long-lived siblings participation bias may have contributed to the difference. This finding has implications for the use of spouses as controls in healthy aging and longevity studies, as environmental and/or genetic overmatching may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Pedersen
- The Danish Aging Research Center .,Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Irma T Elo
- Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Sergievsky Center.,Taub Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Stallard
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center.,Department of Clinical Genetics and.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven previously reported obesity genes in East Asians and to analyse their associations and synergistic effects on obesity in the Taiwanese population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING One medical centre in northern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 323 non-obese and 264 obese participants were recruited. The threshold for obesity in this study was a body mass index of ≥27 kg/m(2), as defined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. The study was performed with the approval of the institutional review board of MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (application number 12MMHIS106). OUTCOME MEASURES We analysed the genotype distributions of seven SNPs localising to the PPARγ2, GNB3, SDC3, ADRB2, FTO, PPARγ and ESR1 genes in obese and non-obese groups and then paired obesity-related SNPs to determine if they have synergistic effects on obesity. RESULTS Analysis of the genotype distributions in obese and non-obese groups revealed only a significant positive correlation between an SNP in rs2282440-syndecan 3 (SDC3) and obesity in the Taiwanese population (p=0.006). In addition, the T/T genotype of SDC3 was significantly associated with a larger waist and hip circumference, higher body fat percentage and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, the combination of the rs2282440-SDC3T/T genotype with the rs1801282-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene (PPARγ2) G carrier genotype was strongly associated with obesity (OR=6.77). CONCLUSIONS We found that the rs2282440-SDC3T/T genotype is associated with obesity in the Taiwanese population. Furthermore, there is a synergistic effect of the high-risk alleles of the SDC3 and PPARγ2 genes on the obese phenotype in the Taiwanese population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 12MMHIS106; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ching Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chan
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Research and Development, TCI Gene INC, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Barron R, Bermingham K, Brennan L, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Ryan MF, O’sullivan A. Twin metabolomics: the key to unlocking complex phenotypes in nutrition research. Nutr Res 2016; 36:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sung YJ, Pérusse L, Sarzynski MA, Fornage M, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Rice T, Terry G, Jacobs DR, Katzmarzyk P, Curran JE, Carr JJ, Blangero J, Ghosh S, Després JP, Rankinen T, Rao D, Bouchard C. Genome-wide association studies suggest sex-specific loci associated with abdominal and visceral fat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:662-74. [PMID: 26480920 PMCID: PMC4821694 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify loci associated with abdominal fat and replicate prior findings, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) studies of abdominal fat traits: subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); visceral adipose tissue (VAT); total adipose tissue (TAT) and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sex-combined and sex-stratified analyses were performed on each trait with (TRAIT-BMI) or without (TRAIT) adjustment for body mass index (BMI), and cohort-specific results were combined via a fixed effects meta-analysis. A total of 2513 subjects of European descent were available for the discovery phase. For replication, 2171 European Americans and 772 African Americans were available. RESULTS A total of 52 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encompassing 7 loci showed suggestive evidence of association (P<1.0 × 10(-6)) with abdominal fat in the sex-combined analyses. The strongest evidence was found on chromosome 7p14.3 between a SNP near BBS9 gene and VAT (rs12374818; P=1.10 × 10(-7)), an association that was replicated (P=0.02). For the BMI-adjusted trait, the strongest evidence of association was found between a SNP near CYCSP30 and VAT-BMI (rs10506943; P=2.42 × 10(-7)). Our sex-specific analyses identified one genome-wide significant (P<5.0 × 10(-8)) locus for SAT in women with 11 SNPs encompassing the MLLT10, DNAJC1 and EBLN1 genes on chromosome 10p12.31 (P=3.97 × 10(-8) to 1.13 × 10(-8)). The THNSL2 gene previously associated with VAT in women was also replicated (P=0.006). The six gene/loci showing the strongest evidence of association with VAT or VAT-BMI were interrogated for their functional links with obesity and inflammation using the Biograph knowledge-mining software. Genes showing the closest functional links with obesity and inflammation were ADCY8 and KCNK9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for new loci influencing abdominal visceral (BBS9, ADCY8, KCNK9) and subcutaneous (MLLT10/DNAJC1/EBLN1) fat, and confirmed a locus (THNSL2) previously reported to be associated with abdominal fat in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St-Louis, MO
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Medicine and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steve Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Treva Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St-Louis, MO
| | - Gregg Terry
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nahsville, TN
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Peter Katzmarzyk
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nahsville, TN
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Medicine and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC
- Centre de recherché de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - D.C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St-Louis, MO
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Li S, Kyvik KO, Pang Z, Zhang D, Duan H, Tan Q, Hjelmborg J, Kruse T, Dalgård C. Genetic and Environmental Regulation on Longitudinal Change of Metabolic Phenotypes in Danish and Chinese Adult Twins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148396. [PMID: 26862898 PMCID: PMC4749287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of change in metabolic phenotypes can be highly indicative of metabolic disorders and disorder-related modifications. We analyzed data from longitudinal twin studies on multiple metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins representing two populations of distinct ethnic, cultural, social-economic backgrounds and geographical environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study covered a relatively large sample of 502 pairs of Danish adult twins followed up for a long period of 12 years with a mean age at intake of 38 years (range: 18-65) and a total of 181 Chinese adult twin pairs traced for about 7 years with a mean baseline age of 39.5 years (range: 23-64). The classical twin models were fitted to the longitudinal change in each phenotype (Δphenotype) to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to the variation in Δphenotype. RESULTS Moderate to high contributions by the unique environment were estimated for all phenotypes in both Danish (from 0.51 for low density lipoprotein cholesterol up to 0.72 for triglycerides) and Chinese (from 0.41 for triglycerides up to 0.73 for diastolic blood pressure) twins; low to moderate genetic components were estimated for long-term change in most of the phenotypes in Danish twins except for triglycerides and hip circumference. Compared with Danish twins, the Chinese twins tended to have higher genetic control over the longitudinal changes in lipids (except high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and glucose, higher unique environmental contribution to blood pressure but no genetic contribution to longitudinal change in body mass traits. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the major contribution of unique environment to the observed intra-individual variation in all metabolic phenotypes in both samples, and meanwhile reveal differential patterns of genetic and common environmental regulation on changes over time in metabolic phenotypes across the two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Xia C, Amador C, Huffman J, Trochet H, Campbell A, Porteous D, Hastie ND, Hayward C, Vitart V, Navarro P, Haley CS. Pedigree- and SNP-Associated Genetics and Recent Environment are the Major Contributors to Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Trait Variation. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005804. [PMID: 26836320 PMCID: PMC4737500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified thousands of loci for a range of human complex traits and diseases. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by significant associations is, however, limited. Given the same dense SNP panels, mixed model analyses capture a greater proportion of phenotypic variance than single SNP analyses but the total is generally still less than the genetic variance estimated from pedigree studies. Combining information from pedigree relationships and SNPs, we examined 16 complex anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits in a Scottish family-based cohort comprising up to 20,000 individuals genotyped for ~520,000 common autosomal SNPs. The inclusion of related individuals provides the opportunity to also estimate the genetic variance associated with pedigree as well as the effects of common family environment. Trait variation was partitioned into SNP-associated and pedigree-associated genetic variation, shared nuclear family environment, shared couple (partner) environment and shared full-sibling environment. Results demonstrate that trait heritabilities vary widely but, on average across traits, SNP-associated and pedigree-associated genetic effects each explain around half the genetic variance. For most traits the recently-shared environment of couples is also significant, accounting for ~11% of the phenotypic variance on average. On the other hand, the environment shared largely in the past by members of a nuclear family or by full-siblings, has a more limited impact. Our findings point to appropriate models to use in future studies as pedigree-associated genetic effects and couple environmental effects have seldom been taken into account in genotype-based analyses. Appropriate description of the trait variation could help understand causes of intra-individual variation and in the detection of contributing loci and environmental factors. Unravelling overall trait architecture of complex traits and diseases is important for phenotype prediction and disease prevention and correct modelling of the trait will further aid discovery of causative loci. Here we take advantage of genome-wide data and a large family-based study to examine the role of common genetic variants, pedigree-associated genetic variants, shared family environment, shared couple environment and shared sibling environment on 16 anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits. By analysing up to ~20,000 Scottish individuals, we find that common genetic variants, pedigree-associated genetic variants and recently-shared environment of couples are the most important contributors to variation in these traits, while past family and sibling environment have a limited impact. Further studies on the pedigree-associated genetic variation and the shared couple environment effect are needed, as little research has been devoted to them so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Xia
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Amador
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Trochet
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Porteous
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Generation Scotland
- A collaboration between the University Medical School and NHS in Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris S. Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ;
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30
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Abstract
Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer. However, a proportion of the obese individuals display a significantly lower risk for metabolic complications than expected for their degree of body mass index, and this subtype of obesity was described as "metabolically healthy obesity" (MHO). No universally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of MHO exists and the prevalence of this subtype of obesity varies largely according to criteria used. Broadly, MHO is characterized by a lower amount of visceral fat, a more favorable inflammatory profile, and less insulin resistance as compared to the metabolically unhealthy obesity. Currently, controversies exist regarding the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality associated with MHO as compared to metabolically-healthy non-obese individuals. Further research is needed in order to identify the MHO phenotype and if MHO is truly healthy for a long period of time or if it is a transient state from normal metabolic/normal weight to abnormal metabolic/obese state. This review will discuss the MHO definition criteria; the differences between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity; the possible underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bala
- "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A-E Craciun
- "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - N Hancu
- "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Spiel EC, Rodgers RF, Paxton SJ, Wertheim EH, Damiano SR, Gregg KJ, McLean SA. 'He's got his father's bias': Parental influence on weight bias in young children. Br J Dev Psychol 2015; 34:198-211. [PMID: 26666696 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the role of parents in the transmission of stereotypical body size attitudes and awareness of weight loss strategies to preschool children. Participants were 279 3-year-old children and their parents, who provided data at baseline and 1 year later. Parents completed self-report body size attitude and dieting measures. Child weight bias and awareness of weight loss strategies were assessed through interview. Over time, negative associations with large bodies and awareness of weight loss strategies increased. Fathers' attitudes prospectively predicted boys' weight bias and awareness of weight loss strategies. Among girls, parental attitudes were less predictive. Findings confirm the importance of fathers in the development of boys' body attitudes and inform prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Spiel
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory of Traumatic Stress, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor H Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Damiano
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregg
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siân A McLean
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bosch TA, Chow L, Dengel DR, Melhorn SJ, Webb M, Yancey D, Callahan H, De Leon MRB, Tyagi V, Schur EA. In adult twins, visceral fat accumulation depends more on exceeding sex-specific adiposity thresholds than on genetics. Metabolism 2015; 64:991-8. [PMID: 26117000 PMCID: PMC4546509 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently reported sex-specific percent body fat (%BF) thresholds (males=23%, females=38%) above which, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly increases. Using monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, we examined the influence of genetics on regional fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, above and below these sex-specific thresholds for VAT accumulation. METHODS Fifty-eight twin pairs (44 MZ, 14 DZ) were recruited from the University of Washington Twin Registry. Segmented linear regression was used to assess the threshold between VAT mass and %BF by sex and by zygosity. To assess the effect of genetics on VAT accumulation, Dunnett's T3 compared MZ and DZ pairs whether the twin pairs were both above the adiposity threshold or not. RESULTS %BF thresholds for VAT accumulation were identified (%BF: M=20.6%, F=39.4%). Zygosity-specific thresholds were not significantly different (p>0.05). If at least one twin was below threshold, DZ twins still exhibited greater within-pair differences than MZ pairs in %BF (p=0.023) but not VAT (p=0.121). CONCLUSIONS Using a twin study approach, we observed no difference by zygosity for the threshold as which VAT accumulates. Additionally, for the first time we observed that while total BF is influenced by genetics, VAT accumulation may depend more on whether a person's %BF is above their sex-specific adiposity threshold. These results suggest that there may not be a genetic predisposition for VAT accumulation but rather it is a result of a predisposition for total fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Bosch
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 101, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lisa Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 101, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan J Melhorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary Webb
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Danielle Yancey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Holly Callahan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary Rosalyn B De Leon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- Simmons College, 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen A Schur
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has been reported to be one of the potential determinants of obesity in recent human and animal studies. Probiotics may affect the gut microbiota to modulate obesity. This systematic review aims to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence from clinical trials that have tested the effectiveness of probiotics or foods containing probiotics as a treatment for weight loss. Literature searches of electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were conducted. Methodological quality was assessed using body weight and body mass index (BMI). Initial searches yielded 368 articles. Of these, only 9 met the selection criteria. Because of insufficient data, only 4 of the studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics with placebo. The meta-analysis of these data showed no significant effect of probiotics on body weight and BMI (body weight, n = 196; mean difference, -1.77; 95% confidence interval, -4.84 to 1.29; P = .26; BMI, n = 154; mean difference, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, -0.24 to 1.78; P = .14). However, the total number of RCTs included in the analysis, the total sample size, and the methodological quality of the primary studies were too low to draw definitive conclusions. Thus, more rigorously designed RCTs are necessary to examine the effect of probiotics on body weight in greater detail. Collectively, the RCTs examined in this meta-analysis indicated that probiotics have limited efficacy in terms of decreasing body weight and BMI and were not effective for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Diabetes/Obesity Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
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Zhou B, Gao W, Lv J, Yu C, Wang S, Liao C, Pang Z, Cong L, Dong Z, Wu F, Wang H, Wu X, Jiang G, Wang X, Wang B, Cao W, Li L. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Obesity-Related Phenotypes in Chinese Twins Reared Apart and Together. Behav Genet 2015; 45:427-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Medda E, Cotichini R, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, Nisticà L, Lucatelli P, Boatta E, Zini C, Fanelli F, Baracchini C, Meneghetti G, Schillaci G, Osztovits J, Jermendy G, Kiss RBG, Prà da IN, Karlinger K, Lannert A, Metneki J, Molnar AA, Garami Z, Berczi V, Halasz I, Baffy G. Bioimpedance analysis of body composition in an international twin cohort. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 8:e201-98. [PMID: 24847671 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple twin studies have demonstrated the heritability of anthropometric and metabolic traits. However, assessment of body composition parameters by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has not been routinely performed in this setting. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Study subjects were recruited and assessed at twin festivals or at major university hospitals in Italy, Hungary, and the United States to estimate the influence of genetic and environmental components on body composition parameters in a large, wide age range, international twin cohort by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. SUBJECTS 380 adult twin pairs (230 monozygotic and 150 dizygotic pairs; male:female ratio, 68:32; age years 49.1 ± 15.4; mean ± standard deviation; age range 18-82) were included in the analysis. RESULTS Heritability was calculated for weight (82%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 78-85), waist and hip circumferences (74%; 95%CI: 68-79), body fat percentage (74%; 95%CI: 69-79), fat-free mass (74%; 95%CI: 69-79) and body mass index (79%; 95%CI: 74-83). The completely environmental model showed no impact of shared environmental effects on the variance, while unshared environmental effects were estimated as between 18% and 26%. CONCLUSIONS BIA findings provide additional evidence to the heritability of anthropometric attributes related to obesity and indicate the practical value of this simple method in supporting efforts to prevent obesity-related adverse health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary.
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Cotichini
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza NisticÃ
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierleone Lucatelli
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324,00162 Rome
| | - Emanuele Boatta
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324,00162 Rome
| | - Chiara Zini
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324,00162 Rome
| | - Fabrizio Fanelli
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324,00162 Rome
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Meneghetti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schillaci
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Unità di Medicina Interna, Ospedale â??S. Mariaâ??, viale Tristano di Joannuccio 1, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Janos Osztovits
- Bajcsy Zsilinszky Hospital, III Department of Internal Medicine, 89-91 Maglodi Street, Budapest 1106, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Jermendy
- Bajcsy Zsilinszky Hospital, III Department of Internal Medicine, 89-91 Maglodi Street, Budapest 1106, Hungary
| | - Rã Bert G Kiss
- Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital â?? State Health Centre, 44 Róbert Károly krt, Budapest 1134, Hungary
| | - Istvà N Prà da
- Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital â?? State Health Centre, 44 Róbert Károly krt, Budapest 1134, Hungary
| | - Kinga Karlinger
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lannert
- Semmelweis University, School of Pharmacy, 26 Ulloi Street, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Julia Metneki
- National Institute for Health Development, 2 Nagyvárad tér, Budapest, 1096, Hungary
| | - Andrea A Molnar
- Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital â?? State Health Centre, 44 Róbert Károly krt, Budapest 1134, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Garami
- The Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viktor Berczi
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Halasz
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Suder A, Janusz M, Jagielski P, Głodzik J, Pałka T, Cisoń T, Pilch W. Prevalence and risk factors of abdominal obesity in Polish rural children. Homo 2015; 66:357-68. [PMID: 25796137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secular trends of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference indicate greater increase in abdominal obesity compared to general obesity. Determinants of obesity described by BMI are relatively well documented in various populations, unlike abdominal obesity described by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The aim of the study was to determine prevalence and abdominal obesity (WHtR) risk factors in a cohort of 3048 rural children aged 7-12 years from southern Poland. Biological, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were analysed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in rural boys and girls in the sample was 11% and 9% respectively. Obesity in both parents, irregular breakfasts, irregular meals during the day and regularly consumed tea were significant factors of abdominal obesity risks in rural girls. Being the only child, low number of people in a household, obesity in both parents, high energy-dense food index and no exercise significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity in rural boys. The study demonstrated tendencies similar to other European countries in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among sexes. Lifestyle behaviours should be changed and adapted to each sex since risk factors differ between the sexes and indicate higher eco-sensitivity in boys.
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Appelhans BM, Fitzpatrick SL, Li H, Cail V, Waring ME, Schneider KL, Whited MC, Busch AM, Pagoto SL. The home environment and childhood obesity in low-income households: indirect effects via sleep duration and screen time. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1160. [PMID: 25381553 PMCID: PMC4233039 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity disproportionally affects children from low-income households. With the aim of informing interventions, this study examined pathways through which the physical and social home environment may promote childhood overweight/obesity in low-income households. Methods Data on health behaviors and the home environment were collected at home visits in low-income, urban households with either only normal weight (n = 48) or predominantly overweight/obese (n = 55) children aged 6–13 years. Research staff conducted comprehensive, in-person audits of the foods, media, and sports equipment in each household. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and children’s physical activity was assessed through accelerometry. Caregivers and children jointly reported on child sleep duration, screen time, and dietary intake of foods previously implicated in childhood obesity risk. Path analysis was used to test direct and indirect associations between the home environment and child weight status via the health behaviors assessed. Results Sleep duration was the only health behavior associated with child weight status (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.77), with normal weight children sleeping 33.3 minutes/day longer on average than overweight/obese children. The best-fitting path model explained 26% of variance in child weight status, and included paths linking chaos in the home environment, lower caregiver screen time monitoring, inconsistent implementation of bedtime routines, and the presence of a television in children’s bedrooms to childhood overweight/obesity through effects on screen time and sleep duration. Conclusions This study adds to the existing literature by identifying aspects of the home environment that influence childhood weight status via indirect effects on screen time and sleep duration in children from low-income households. Pediatric weight management interventions for low-income households may be improved by targeting aspects of the physical and social home environment associated with sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W, Van Buren St,, Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Twins are two independent babies delivered during the same pregnancy and are divided as monozygotic or dizygotic based on their origin. Dizygotic twins are similar to two siblings and have different genetic information. In contrary, monozygotic twins have a similar genetic identity and provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors of the disease. The endocrine and metabolic disorders affect a large number of the population including the twins. Diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune thyroid disease are the most common endocrine disorders in general practice. It is essential to understand the genetic basis of endocrine disorders for therapy, prognostication and risk assessment for future generations. In this article, we review the endocrine disorders in relation to their occurrence in monozygotic twins to highlight the genetic and environmental contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. D. Modi
- Department of Endocrinology, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Johnson W, de Ruiter I, Kyvik KO, Murray AL, Sørensen TIA. Genetic and Environmental Transactions Underlying the Association Between Physical Fitness/Physical Exercise and Body Composition. Behav Genet 2014; 45:84-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rottensteiner M, Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, Kujala UM. Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain during early adulthood: a twin-study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2061-70. [PMID: 24839266 PMCID: PMC4149596 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits and waist gain among young adults. METHODS Population-based cohort study among 3383 Finnish twin individuals (1578 men) from five birth cohorts (1975-1979), who answered questionnaires at mean ages of 24.4 y (SD 0.9) and 33.9 y (SD 1.2), with reported self-measured waist circumference. Persistence or change in leisure-time physical activity habits was defined based on thirds of activity metabolic equivalent h/day during follow-up (mean 9.5 y; SD 0.7). RESULTS Decreased activity was linked to greater waist gain compared to increased activity (3.6 cm, P < 0.001 for men; 3.1 cm, P < 0.001 for women). Among same-sex activity discordant twin pairs, twins who decreased activity gained an average 2.8 cm (95%CI 0.4 to 5.1, P = 0.009) more waist than their co-twins who increased activity (n = 85 pairs); among MZ twin pairs (n = 43), the difference was 4.2 cm (95%CI 1.2 to 7.2, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Among young adults, an increase in leisure-time physical activity or staying active during a decade of follow-up was associated with less waist gain, but any decrease in activity level, regardless baseline activity, led to waist gain that was similar to that associated with being persistently inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity and
Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine,
Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, and Institute for
Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mental Health and
Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä,
Finland
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41
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Munk HL, Svendsen AJ, Hjelmborg JVB, Sorensen GL, Kyvik KO, Junker P. Heritability assessment of cartilage metabolism. A twin study on circulating procollagen IIA N-terminal propeptide (PIIANP). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1142-7. [PMID: 25008205 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to estimate the heritability of circulating collagen IIA N-terminal propeptide (PIIANP) by studying mono- and dizygotic healthy twin pairs at different age and both genders. DESIGN 598 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin individuals aged 18-59 years were recruited from the Danish Twin Registry. PIIANP was measured by competitive ELISA. The similarity of circulating PIIANP among MZ and DZ twins was assessed by intraclass correlations according to traits. The heritability was estimated by variance component analysis accounting for additive and dominant genetic factors as well as shared and non-shared environment but ignoring epistasis (genetic inter-locus interaction) and gene-environment interaction. RESULTS The intraclass correlation of PIIANP in MZ and DZ twins was 0.69 (0.60-0.76) and 0.46 (0.34-0.58) respectively indicating a significant genetic impact on PIIANP in serum. Additive genetic effects explained 45% (21-70%), shared environment 24% (7-53%) and non-shared environment 31% (24-39%) of the total variance. The heritability estimate did not differ across ages and between genders. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that approximately 45% of the collagen IIA synthesis as assessed by the collagen IIA N-terminal propeptide in serum is attributable to genetic effectors while individual and shared environment account for 24% and 31% respectively. The heritability does not differ between genders or according to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Munk
- Department of Rheumatology C, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - A J Svendsen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - J v B Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Public Health, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - G L Sorensen
- Institute for molecular Medicine, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - K O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - P Junker
- Department of Rheumatology C, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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Johansson SL, Tan Q, Holst R, Christiansen L, Hansen NCG, Hojland AT, Wulf-Johansson H, Schlosser A, Titlestad IL, Vestbo J, Holmskov U, Kyvik KO, Sorensen GL. Surfactant protein D is a candidate biomarker for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L887-95. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in surfactant protein D (SP-D) is associated with lung function in tobacco smoke-induced chronic respiratory disease. We hypothesized that the same association exists in the general population and could be used to identify individuals sensitive to smoke-induced lung damage. The association between serum SP-D (sSP-D) and expiratory lung function was assessed in a cross-sectional design in a Danish twin population ( n = 1,512, 18–72 yr old). The adjusted heritability estimates for expiratory lung function, associations between SP-D gene ( SFTPD) single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes, and expiratory lung function were assessed using twin study methodology and mixed-effects models. Significant inverse associations were evident between sSP-D and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in the presence of current tobacco smoking but not in nonsmokers. The two SFTPD single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1923536 and rs721917, and haplotypes, including these single-nucleotide polymorphisms or rs2243539, were inversely associated with expiratory lung function in interaction with smoking. In conclusion, SP-D is phenotypically and genetically associated with lung function measures in interaction with tobacco smoking. The obtained data suggest sSP-D as a candidate biomarker in risk assessments for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. The data and derived conclusion warrant confirmation in a longitudinal population following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Departments of 4Clinical Genetics and
| | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Departments of 4Clinical Genetics and
| | | | - Allan T. Hojland
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Schlosser
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine,
| | | | | | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine,
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense
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Abstract
Growth charts for weight and height have provided the basis for assessment of children's nutritional status for over half a century, with charts for body mass index (BMI) introduced in the 1990s. However, BMI does not provide information on the proportions of fat and lean mass; and within the past decade, growth charts for children's body composition have been produced by using techniques such as skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For public health research, BIA and skinfold thicknesses show negligible average bias but have wider limits of agreement than specialized techniques. For patients, DXA is the best individual method, but multicomponent models remain ideal because they address perturbations in lean mass composition. Data can be expressed in age- and sex-specific SD scores, in some cases adjusting for height. Most such reference data derive from high-income countries, but techniques such as air-displacement plethysmography allow infant body composition growth charts to be developed in low- and middle-income settings, where the data may improve understanding of the effects of low birth weight, wasting, and stunting on body composition. Recent studies suggest that between-population variability in body composition may derive in part from genetic factors, suggesting a universal human body composition reference may not be viable. Body composition growth charts may be extended into adult life to evaluate changes in fat and lean mass through the entire life course. These reference data will improve the understanding of the association between growth, body composition, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Wade KH, Skugarevsky O, Kramer MS, Patel R, Bogdanovich N, Vilchuck K, Sergeichick N, Richmond R, Palmer T, Davey Smith G, Gillman M, Oken E, Martin RM. Prospective associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, maternal satisfaction, and parental and childhood body mass index at 6.5 years with later problematic eating attitudes. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e100. [PMID: 24394456 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have prospectively investigated whether early-life exposures are associated with pre-adolescent eating attitudes. Objective: The objective of this study is to prospectively investigate associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, measures of maternal satisfaction, self-reported parental body mass index (BMI) and clinically measured childhood BMI, assessed between birth and 6.5 years, with problematic eating attitudes at 11.5 years. Methods: Observational cohort analysis nested within the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, a cluster-randomised trial conducted in 31 maternity hospitals and affiliated polyclinics in Belarus. Our primary outcome was a Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) score ⩾22.5 (85th percentile), an indicator of problematic eating attitudes. We employed multivariable mixed logistic regression models, which allow inference at the individual level. We also performed instrumental variable (IV) analysis using parents' BMIs as instruments for the child's BMI, to assess whether associations could be explained by residual confounding or reverse causation. Subjects: Of the 17 046 infants enrolled between 1996 and 1997 across Belarus, 13 751 (80.7%) completed the ChEAT test at 11.5 years. Results: In fully adjusted models, overweight children at age 6.5 years had a 2.14-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82, 2.52) increased odds of having ChEAT scores ⩾85th percentile at age 11.5 years, and those who were obese had a 3.89-fold (95% CI: 2.95, 5.14) increased odds compared with normal-weight children. Children of mothers or fathers who were themselves overweight or obese were more likely to score ⩾85th percentile (P for trend ⩽0.001). IV analysis was consistent with a child's BMI causally affecting future eating attitudes. There was little evidence that parental smoking, alcohol use, or marital status or maternal satisfaction were associated with eating attitudes. Conclusion: In our large, prospective cohort in Belarus, both parental and childhood overweight and obesity at 6.5 years were associated with pre-adolescent problematic eating attitudes 5 years later.
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Diané A, Pierce WD, Russell JC, Heth CD, Vine DF, Richard D, Proctor SD. Down-regulation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression after weaning is associated with hyperphagia-induced obesity in JCR rats overexpressing neuropeptide Y. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:924-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides are differentially expressed in obese-prone and lean-prone rats and trigger overeating-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, in the present study, we measured energy balance and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expressions in male JCR:LA-cp rats. We compared, in independent cohorts, free-feeding obese-prone (Obese-FF) and lean-prone (Lean-FF) rats at pre-weaning (10 d old), weaning (21–25 d old) and early adulthood (8–12 weeks). A group of Obese-pair-feeding (PF) rats pair-fed to the Lean-FF rats was included in the adult cohort. The body weights of 10-d-old Obese-FF and Lean-FF pups were not significantly different. However, when the pups were shifted from dams' milk to solid food (weaning), the obese-prone rats exhibited more energy intake over the days than the lean-prone rats and higher body and fat pad weights and fasting plasma glucose, leptin, insulin and lipid levels. These differences were consistent with higher energy consumption and lower energy expenditure. In the young adult cohort, the differences between the Obese-FF and Lean-FF rats became more pronounced, yielding significant age effects on most of the parameters of the metabolic syndrome, which were reduced in the Obese-PF rats. The obese-prone rats displayed higher NPY expression than the lean-prone rats at pre-weaning and weaning, and the expression levels did not differ by age. In contrast, POMC expression exhibited significant age-by-genotype differences. At pre-weaning, there was no genotype difference in POMC expression, but in the weanling cohort, obese-prone pups exhibited lower POMC expression than the lean-prone rats. This genotype difference became more pronounced at adulthood. Overall, the development of hyperphagia-induced obesity in obese-prone JCR rats is related to POMC expression down-regulation in the presence of established NPY overexpression.
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Li S, Duan H, Pang Z, Zhang D, Duan H, Hjelmborg JVB, Tan Q, Kruse TA, Kyvik KO. Heritability of eleven metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins: a cross-population comparison. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1908-14. [PMID: 23686756 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A twin-based comparative study on the genetic influences in metabolic endophenotypes in two populations of substantial ethnic, environmental, and cultural differences was performed. DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 11 metabolic phenotypes including anthropometric measures, blood glucose, and lipids levels as well as blood pressure were available from 756 pairs of Danish twins (309 monozygotic and 447 dizygotic twin pairs) with a mean age of 38 years (range: 18-67) and from 325 pairs of Chinese twins (183 monozygotic and 142 dizygotic twin pairs) with a mean age of 40.5 years (range: 18-69). Twin modeling was performed on full and nested models with the best fitting models selected. RESULTS Heritability estimates were compared between Danish and Chinese samples to identify differential genetic influences on each of the phenotypes. Except for hip circumference, all other body measures exhibited similar heritability patterns in the two samples with body weight showing only a slight difference. Higher genetic influences were estimated for fasting blood glucose level in Chinese twins, whereas the Danish twins showed more genetic regulation over most lipids phenotypes. Systolic blood pressure was more genetically controlled in Danish than in Chinese twins. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic endophenotypes show disparity in their genetic determinants in populations under distinct environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Barbadoro P, Santarelli L, Croce N, Bracci M, Vincitorio D, Prospero E, Minelli A. Rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for overweight Italian workers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63289. [PMID: 23675472 PMCID: PMC3651162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A job-related factor is attracting a growing interest as a possible determinant of body weight gain in shift-workers. Objective The aim of the study was to reinvestigate the issue of overweight between rotating shift workers and daytime workers, taking into consideration possible confounding covariate factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, conducted by reviewing data from subjects participating in an occupational surveillance program in 2008. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire to retrieve information about socio-demographic factors and working conditions (job schedule type, job-related physical activity, time in job), subjective health status, health care visits during the previous year, and lifestyle factors (dietary habits, leisure time physical activity, alcohol consumption). Participants underwent a medical examination for measurement of BMI, and acquisition of medical history. Results Compared to daytime workers (N = 229), rotating shift workers (N = 110) displayed higher BMI (mean BMI was 27.6±3.9 and 26.7±3.6 for shift workers, and daytime workers, respectively; p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis allowed to highlight the role of rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for increased body weight (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.01–3.71), being aged between 35 and 54 years was a major determinant of increased BMI (OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.14–5.00). In addition, family history of obesity was the strongest determinant of overweight/obesity (OR 9.79, 95%CI 1.28–74.74). Interestingly, no significant association was found between overweight and other potentially relevant factors, such as diet quality and food choices, alcohol consumption, levels of occupational and leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions Present findings seem to support the notion that rotating shift work is an independent risk factor for overweight, regardless of workers' dietary habits and physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barbadoro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Croce
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Vincitorio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilia Prospero
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, School of Medicine—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Rantala MJ, Coetzee V, Moore FR, Skrinda I, Kecko S, Krama T, Kivleniece I, Krams I. Adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more valid cue to immunocompetence in human mate choice. Proc Biol Sci 2013. [PMID: 23193134 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 'good genes' hypothesis, females choose males based on traits that indicate the male's genetic quality in terms of disease resistance. The 'immunocompetence handicap hypothesis' proposed that secondary sexual traits serve as indicators of male genetic quality, because they indicate that males can contend with the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone. Masculinity is commonly assumed to serve as such a secondary sexual trait. Yet, women do not consistently prefer masculine looking men, nor is masculinity consistently related to health across studies. Here, we show that adiposity, but not masculinity, significantly mediates the relationship between a direct measure of immune response (hepatitis B antibody response) and attractiveness for both body and facial measurements. In addition, we show that circulating testosterone is more closely associated with adiposity than masculinity. These findings indicate that adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more important cue to immunocompetence in female mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Western populations are living longer. Ageing decline in muscle mass and strength (i.e. sarcopenia) is becoming a growing public health problem, as it contributes to the decreased capacity for independent living. It is thus important to determine those genetic factors that interact with ageing and thus modulate functional capacity and skeletal muscle phenotypes in older people. It would be also clinically relevant to identify 'unfavourable' genotypes associated with accelerated sarcopenia. In this review, we summarized published information on the potential associations between some genetic polymorphisms and muscle phenotypes in older people. A special emphasis was placed on those candidate polymorphisms that have been more extensively studied, i.e. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D, α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X, and myostatin (MSTN) K153R, among others. Although previous heritability studies have indicated that there is an important genetic contribution to individual variability in muscle phenotypes among old people, published data on specific gene variants are controversial. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism could influence muscle function in old women, yet there is controversy with regards to which allele (R or X) might play a 'favourable' role. Though more research is needed, up-to-date MSTN genotype is possibly the strongest candidate to explain variance among muscle phenotypes in the elderly. Future studies should take into account the association between muscle phenotypes in this population and complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
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Lund ASQ, Hasselbalch AL, Gamborg M, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Heitmann BL, Kyvik KO, Sørensen TI, Jess T. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, body fat and inflammation. Obes Facts 2013; 6:369-79. [PMID: 23970146 PMCID: PMC5644672 DOI: 10.1159/000354663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on animal studies, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been suggested to lower the risk of obesity and inflammation. We aimed to investigate if, among humans, intake of n-3 PUFAs was associated with i) total body fat, ii) body fat distribution and iii) obesity-related inflammatory markers. METHODS The study population consisted of 1,212 healthy individuals with information on habitual food intake from food frequency questionnaires, six different measures of body fat, and levels of six circulating inflammatory markers. Multiple linear regression analysis of intakes of PUFAs in relation to outcomes were performed and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Absolute n-3 PUFA intake, but not n-3/n-6, was inversely associated with the different measures of body fat. Among n-3 PUFA derivatives, only α-linolenic acid (ALA) was inversely associated with body fat measures. No significant interactions with the dietary macronutrient composition were observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were not associated with absolute PUFA intake, but the macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) was associated with the n-3/n-6 ratio. CONCLUSION In humans, intake of n-3 PUFAs, in particular ALA, is beneficially associated with body fatness. The favourable association is, however, not reflected in systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nor is it influenced by macronutrients in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Q. Lund
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Gamborg
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and the Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Jess
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Tine Jess MD DrSci(Med), Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artellerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S (Denmark),
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