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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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2
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Armour EM, Thomas CM, Greco G, Bhatnagar A, Elefant F. Experience-dependent Tip60 nucleocytoplasmic transport is regulated by its NLS/NES sequences for neuroplasticity gene control. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103888. [PMID: 37598897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) in neurons is critical for enabling proteins to enter the nucleus and regulate plasticity genes in response to environmental cues. Such experience-dependent (ED) neural plasticity is central for establishing memory formation and cognitive function and can influence the severity of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). ED neural plasticity is driven by histone acetylation (HA) mediated epigenetic mechanisms that regulate dynamic activity-dependent gene transcription profiles in response to neuronal stimulation. Yet, how histone acetyltransferases (HATs) respond to extracellular cues in the in vivo brain to drive HA-mediated activity-dependent gene control remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that extracellular stimulation of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro triggers Tip60 HAT nuclear import with concomitant synaptic gene induction. Here, we focus on investigating Tip60 HAT subcellular localization and NCT specifically in neuronal activity-dependent gene control by using the learning and memory mushroom body (MB) region of the Drosophila brain as a powerful in vivo cognitive model system. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to compare the subcellular localization of Tip60 HAT in the Drosophila brain under normal conditions and in response to stimulation of fly brain neurons in vivo either by genetically inducing potassium channels activation or by exposure to natural positive ED conditions. Furthermore, we found that both inducible and ED condition-mediated neural induction triggered Tip60 nuclear import with concomitant induction of previously identified Tip60 target genes and that Tip60 levels in both the nucleus and cytoplasm were significantly decreased in our well-characterized Drosophila AD model. Mutagenesis of a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence and nuclear export signal (NES) sequence that we identified in the Drosophila Tip60 protein revealed that both are functionally required for appropriate Tip60 subcellular localization. Our results support a model by which neuronal stimulation triggers Tip60 NCT via its NLS and NES sequences to promote induction of activity-dependent neuroplasticity gene transcription and that this process may be disrupted in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Armour
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Christina M Thomas
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Greco
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Akanksha Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Felice Elefant
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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3
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Ahmad B, Lerma-Reyes R, Mukherjee T, Nguyen HV, Weber AL, Schulze WX, Comer JR, Schrick K. Nuclear localization of HD-Zip IV transcription factor GLABRA2 is driven by Importin α. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.03.565550. [PMID: 37961624 PMCID: PMC10635128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
GLABRA2 (GL2), a class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip IV) transcription factor (TF) from Arabidopsis , is a developmental regulator of specialized cell types in the epidermis. GL2 contains a putative monopartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) partially overlapping with its homeodomain (HD). We demonstrate that NLS deletion or alanine substitution of its basic residues (KRKRKK) affects nuclear localization and results in a loss-of-function phenotype. Fusion of the predicted NLS (GTNKRKRKKYHRH) to the fluorescent protein EYFP is sufficient for its nuclear localization in roots and trichomes. The functional NLS is evolutionarily conserved in a distinct subset of HD-Zip IV members including PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2). Despite partial overlap of the NLS with the HD, genetic dissection of the NLS from PDF2 indicates that nuclear localization and DNA binding are separable functions. Affinity purification of GL2 from plant tissues followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified Importin α (IMPα) isoforms as potential GL2 interactors. NLS structural prediction and molecular docking studies with IMPα-3 revealed major interacting residues. Split-ubiquitin cytosolic yeast two-hybrid assays suggest interaction between GL2 and four IMPα isoforms from Arabidopsis. Direct interactions were verified in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation with recombinant proteins. IMPα triple mutants ( impα- 1,2,3 ) exhibit defects in EYFP:GL2 nuclear localization in trichomes but not in roots, consistent with tissue-specific and redundant functions of IMPα isoforms in Arabidopsis . Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic evidence for IMPα-dependent nuclear localization of GL2 and other HD-Zip IV TFs in plants. One sentence summary GLABRA2, a representative HD-Zip IV transcription factor from Arabidopsis , contains an evolutionarily conserved monopartite nuclear localization sequence that is recognized by Importin α for translocation to the nucleus, a process that is necessary for cell-type differentiation of the epidermis.
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Abukwaik R, Vera-Siguenza E, Tennant DA, Spill F. Interplay of p53 and XIAP protein dynamics orchestrates cell fate in response to chemotherapy. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111562. [PMID: 37348784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat almost all types of cancer, but the intended response, i.e., elimination, is often incomplete, with a subset of cancer cells resisting treatment. Two critical factors play a role in chemoresistance: the p53 tumour suppressor gene and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). These proteins have been shown to act synergistically to elicit cellular responses upon DNA damage induced by chemotherapy, yet, the mechanism is poorly understood. This study introduces a mathematical model characterising the apoptosis pathway activation by p53 before and after mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation upon treatment with the chemotherapy Doxorubicin (Dox). "In-silico" simulations show that the p53 dynamics change dose-dependently. Under medium to high doses of Dox, p53 concentration ultimately stabilises to a high level regardless of XIAP concentrations. However, caspase-3 activation may be triggered or not depending on the XIAP induction rate, ultimately determining whether the cell will perish or resist. Consequently, the model predicts that failure to activate apoptosis in some cancer cells expressing wild-type p53 might be due to heterogeneity between cells in upregulating the XIAP protein, rather than due to the p53 protein concentration. Our model suggests that the interplay of the p53 dynamics and the XIAP induction rate is critical to determine the cancer cells' therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Abukwaik
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia; School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Elias Vera-Siguenza
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom.
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Sengupta S, Singh N, Paul A, Datta D, Chatterjee D, Mukherjee S, Gadhe L, Devi J, Mahesh Y, Jolly MK, Maji SK. p53 amyloid pathology is correlated with higher cancer grade irrespective of the mutant or wild-type form. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261017. [PMID: 37622400 PMCID: PMC7615089 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 (also known as TP53) mutation and amyloid formation are long associated with cancer pathogenesis; however, the direct demonstration of the link between p53 amyloid load and cancer progression is lacking. Using multi-disciplinary techniques and 59 tissues (53 oral and stomach cancer tumor tissue samples from Indian individuals with cancer and six non-cancer oral and stomach tissue samples), we showed that p53 amyloid load and cancer grades are highly correlated. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data suggest that not only mutant p53 (e.g. single-nucleotide variants, deletions, and insertions) but wild-type p53 also formed amyloids either in the nucleus (50%) and/or in the cytoplasm in most cancer tissues. Interestingly, in all these cancer tissues, p53 displays a loss of DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, suggesting that the level of amyloid load correlates with the degree of loss and an increase in cancer grades. The p53 amyloids also sequester higher amounts of the related p63 and p73 (also known as TP63 and TP73, respectively) protein in higher-grade tumor tissues. The data suggest p53 misfolding and/or aggregation, and subsequent amyloid formation, lead to loss of the tumor-suppressive function and the gain of oncogenic function, aggravation of which might determine the cancer grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjinee Sengupta
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debdeep Chatterjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Devi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Yeshwanth Mahesh
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Dos Santos Á, Rollins DE, Hari-Gupta Y, McArthur H, Du M, Ru SYZ, Pidlisna K, Stranger A, Lorgat F, Lambert D, Brown I, Howland K, Aaron J, Wang L, Ellis PJI, Chew TL, Martin-Fernandez M, Pyne ALB, Toseland CP. Autophagy receptor NDP52 alters DNA conformation to modulate RNA polymerase II transcription. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2855. [PMID: 37202403 PMCID: PMC10195817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NDP52 is an autophagy receptor involved in the recognition and degradation of invading pathogens and damaged organelles. Although NDP52 was first identified in the nucleus and is expressed throughout the cell, to date, there is no clear nuclear functions for NDP52. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach to characterise the biochemical properties and nuclear roles of NDP52. We find that NDP52 clusters with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) at transcription initiation sites and that its overexpression promotes the formation of additional transcriptional clusters. We also show that depletion of NDP52 impacts overall gene expression levels in two model mammalian cells, and that transcription inhibition affects the spatial organisation and molecular dynamics of NDP52 in the nucleus. This directly links NDP52 to a role in RNAPII-dependent transcription. Furthermore, we also show that NDP52 binds specifically and with high affinity to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and that this interaction leads to changes in DNA structure in vitro. This, together with our proteomics data indicating enrichment for interactions with nucleosome remodelling proteins and DNA structure regulators, suggests a possible function for NDP52 in chromatin regulation. Overall, here we uncover nuclear roles for NDP52 in gene expression and DNA structure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ália Dos Santos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- MRC LMB, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Daniel E Rollins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yukti Hari-Gupta
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
- MRC LMCB, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hannah McArthur
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Mingxue Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | | | - Kseniia Pidlisna
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ane Stranger
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Faeeza Lorgat
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Danielle Lambert
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ian Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Kevin Howland
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J I Ellis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Marisa Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Alice L B Pyne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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Faruqui T, Khan MS, Akhter Y, Khan S, Rafi Z, Saeed M, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. RAGE Inhibitors for Targeted Therapy of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed in the lung, and its expression increases proportionally at the site of inflammation. This receptor can bind a variety of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, adhesion molecules, complement components, advanced lipoxidation end products, lipopolysaccharides, and other molecules that mediate cellular responses related to acute and chronic inflammation. RAGE serves as an important node for the initiation and stimulation of cell stress and growth signaling mechanisms that promote carcinogenesis, tumor propagation, and metastatic potential. In this review, we discuss different aspects of RAGE and its prominent ligands implicated in cancer pathogenesis and describe current findings that provide insights into the significant role played by RAGE in cancer. Cancer development can be hindered by inhibiting the interaction of RAGE with its ligands, and this could provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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8
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Liu X, Rong F, Tang J, Zhu C, Chen X, Jia S, Wang Z, Sun X, Deng H, Zha H, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Repression of p53 function by SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation at Lysine 120 in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:722-36. [PMID: 34642466 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a classic tumor suppressor that functions in maintaining genome stability by inducing either cell arrest for damage repair or cell apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells in response to different types of stress. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53 are thought to be the most effective way for modulating of p53 activation. Here, we show that SIRT5 interacts with p53 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Using mass spectrometric analysis, we identify a previously unknown PTM of p53, namely, succinylation of p53 at Lysine 120 (K120). SIRT5 mediates desuccinylation of p53 at K120, resulting in the suppression of p53 activation. Moreover, using double knockout mice (p53-/-Sirt5-/-), we validate that the suppression of p53 target gene expression and cell apoptosis upon DNA damage is dependent on cellular p53. Our study identifies a novel PTM of p53 that regulates its activation as well as reveals a new target of SIRT5 acting as a desuccinylase.
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Meneghetti BV, Wilson R, Dias CK, Cadore NA, Klamt F, Zaha A, Ferreira HB, Monteiro KM. p53 mutants G245S and R337H associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome regulate distinct metabolic pathways. Biochimie 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kaida A, Iwakuma T. Regulation of p53 and Cancer Signaling by Heat Shock Protein 40/J-Domain Protein Family Members. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13527. [PMID: 34948322 PMCID: PMC8706882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that assist diverse cellular activities including protein folding, intracellular transportation, assembly or disassembly of protein complexes, and stabilization or degradation of misfolded or aggregated proteins. HSP40, also known as J-domain proteins (JDPs), is the largest family with over fifty members and contains highly conserved J domains responsible for binding to HSP70 and stimulation of the ATPase activity as a co-chaperone. Tumor suppressor p53 (p53), the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, is one of the proteins that functionally interact with HSP40/JDPs. The majority of p53 mutations are missense mutations, resulting in acquirement of unexpected oncogenic activities, referred to as gain of function (GOF), in addition to loss of the tumor suppressive function. Moreover, stability and levels of wild-type p53 (wtp53) and mutant p53 (mutp53) are crucial for their tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities, respectively. However, the regulatory mechanisms of wtp53 and mutp53 are not fully understood. Accumulating reports demonstrate regulation of wtp53 and mutp53 levels and/or activities by HSP40/JDPs. Here, we summarize updated knowledge related to the link of HSP40/JDPs with p53 and cancer signaling to improve our understanding of the regulation of tumor suppressive wtp53 and oncogenic mutp53 GOF activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Song S, Shi Y, Wu W, Wu H, Chang L, Peng P, Zhang L, Fan J, Gu J, Ruan Y. Reticulon 3-mediated Chk2/p53 activation suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis and is blocked by hepatitis B virus. Gut 2021; 70:2159-2171. [PMID: 33303565 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins is closely related to homeostasis disturbance and malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reticulons (RTN) are a family of ER-resident proteins critical for maintaining ER function. Nevertheless, the precise roles of RTN in HCC remain largely unclear. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of reticulon family member RTN3 on HCC development and explore the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN Clinical HCC samples were collected to assess the relationship between RTN3 expression and patients' outcome. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of RTN3 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and signal transduction in vitro. Nude mice model was used to detect the role of RTN3 in modulating tumour growth in vivo. RESULTS We found that RTN3 was highly expressed in normal hepatocytes but frequently downregulated in HCC. Low RTN3 expression predicted poor outcome in patients with HCC in TP53 gene mutation and HBV infection status-dependent manner. RTN3 restrained HCC growth and induced apoptosis by activating p53. Mechanism studies indicated that RTN3 facilitated p53 Ser392 phosphorylation via Chk2 and enhanced subsequent p53 nuclear localisation. RTN3 interacted with Chk2, recruited it to ER and promoted its activation in an ER calcium-dependent manner. Nevertheless, the tumour suppressive effects of RTN3 were abrogated in HBV-positive cells. HBV surface antigen competed with Chk2 for RTN3 binding and blocked RTN3-mediated Chk2/p53 activation. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that RTN3 functions as a novel suppressor of HCC by activating Chk2/p53 pathway and provide more clues to better understand the oncogenic effects of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Lang YD, Jou YS. PSPC1 is a new contextual determinant of aberrant subcellular translocation of oncogenes in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:57. [PMID: 34340703 PMCID: PMC8327449 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is commonly observed in cancers and emerging as a cancer hallmark for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies. Despite its severe adverse effects, selinexor, a selective first-in-class inhibitor of the common nuclear export receptor XPO1, was developed to target nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling and received accelerated FDA approval in 2019 in combination with dexamethasone as a fifth-line therapeutic option for adults with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). To explore innovative targets in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, we propose that the aberrant contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, such as PSPC1 (Paraspeckle component 1), TGIF1 (TGF-β Induced Factor Homeobox 1), NPM1 (Nucleophosmin), Mortalin and EBP50, that modulate shuttling (or cargo) proteins with opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be theranostic targets for developing anticancer strategies. For instance, PSPC1 was recently shown to be the contextual determinant of the TGF-β prometastatic switch and PTK6/β-catenin reciprocal oncogenic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The innovative nucleocytoplasmic shuttling inhibitor PSPC1 C-terminal 131 polypeptide (PSPC1-CT131), which was developed to target both the shuttling determinant PSPC1 and the shuttling protein PTK6, maintained their tumor-suppressive characteristics and exhibited synergistic effects on tumor suppression in HCC cells and mouse models. In summary, targeting the contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling with cargo proteins having opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be an innovative strategy for developing new therapeutic biomarkers and agents to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Dong Lang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Su M, Shi D, Xing X, Qi S, Yang D, Zhang J, Han Y, Zhu Q, Sun H, Wang X, Wu H, Wang M, Wei S, Li C, Guo D, Feng L, Sun D. Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Interacts with p53 To Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in S-Phase and Promotes Viral Replication. J Virol 2021; 95:e0018721. [PMID: 34037422 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00187-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subversion of the host cell cycle to facilitate viral replication is a common feature of coronavirus infections. Coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein can modulate the host cell cycle, but the mechanistic details remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) N protein on the cell cycle and the influence on viral replication. Results indicated that PEDV N induced Vero E6 cell cycle arrest at S-phase, which promoted viral replication (P < 0.05). S-phase arrest was dependent on the N protein nuclear localization signal S71NWHFYYLGTGPHADLRYRT90 and the interaction between N protein and p53. In the nucleus, the binding of N protein to p53 maintained consistently high-level expression of p53, which activated the p53-DREAM pathway. The key domain of the N protein interacting with p53 was revealed to be S171RGNSQNRGNNQGRGASQNRGGNN194 (NS171-N194), in which G183RG185 are core residues. NS171-N194 and G183RG185 were essential for N-induced S-phase arrest. Moreover, small molecular drugs targeting the NS171-N194 domain of the PEDV N protein were screened through molecular docking. Hyperoside could antagonize N protein-induced S-phase arrest by interfering with interaction between N protein and p53 and inhibit viral replication (P < 0.05). The above-described experiments were also validated in porcine intestinal cells, and data were in line with results in Vero E6 cells. Therefore, these results reveal the PEDV N protein interacts with p53 to activate the p53-DREAM pathway, and subsequently induces S-phase arrest to create a favorable environment for virus replication. These findings provide new insight into the PEDV-host interaction and the design of novel antiviral strategies against PEDV. IMPORTANCE Many viruses subvert the host cell cycle to create a cellular environment that promotes viral growth. PEDV, an emerging and reemerging coronavirus, has led to substantial economic loss in the global swine industry. Our study is the first to demonstrate that PEDV N-induced cell cycle arrest during the S-phase promotes viral replication. We identified a novel mechanism of PEDV N-induced S-phase arrest, where the binding of PEDV N protein to p53 maintains consistently high levels of p53 expression in the nucleus to mediate S-phase arrest by activating the p53-DREAM pathway. Furthermore, a small molecular compound, hyperoside, targeted the PEDV N protein, interfering with the interaction between the N protein and p53 and, importantly, inhibited PEDV replication by antagonizing cell cycle arrest. This study reveals a new mechanism of PEDV-host interaction and also provides a novel antiviral strategy for PEDV. These data provide a foundation for further research into coronavirus-host interactions.
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Putri HE, Nutho B, Rungrotmongkol T, Sritularak B, Vinayanuwattikun C, Chanvorachote P. Bibenzyl analogue DS-1 inhibits MDM2-mediated p53 degradation and sensitizes apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2021; 85:153534. [PMID: 33773191 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading fatal malignancy due to the high incidence of treatment failure. Dysfunction of the tumor suppressor p53 contributes to cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Targeting MDM2, a negative regulator of p53, has recently attracted interest in cancer drug research as it may restore tumor suppressive function. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 3,4-dihydroxy-5,4'-dimethoxybibenzyl (DS-1) on targeting MDM2 and restoring p53 function in lung cancer cells. METHODS The efficacy of DS-1 alone or in combination with cisplatin in lung cancer cells was determined by MTT, nuclear staining, and annexin V/PI assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blot analysis. To evaluate the role of DS-1 on the stabilization and degradation of p53, cycloheximide chasing assay and immunoprecipitation were conducted, and the active form of p53 was investigated by immunofluorescent staining assay. To confirm and demonstrate the site interaction between DS-1 and the MDM2 protein, in silico computational analysis was performed. RESULTS DS-1 exhibited a cytotoxic effect and sensitized lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. DS-1 caused a significant increase in the cellular level of p53 protein, while the active form of p53 (phosphorylation at Ser15) was unaltered. DS-1 treatment in combination with cisplatin could enhance activated p-p53 (Ser15) and p53 downstream signaling (Bax, Bcl-2, and Akt), leading to a higher level of apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that DS-1 decreased the p53-ubiquitin complex, a prerequisite step in p53 proteasomal degradation. Molecular docking simulation further evidenced that DS-1 interacts with MDM2 within the p53-binding domain by carbon-hydrogen bond interaction at Lys27, π-alkyl interactions at Ile37 and Leu30, and van der Waals interactions at Ile75, Val51, Val69, Phe67, Met38, Tyr43, Gly34, and Phe31. Treatment by DS-1 and cisplatin in patient-derivated primary lung cancer cells showed consistent effects by increasing cisplatin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that DS-1 is an MDM2 inhibitor and its underlying mechanism involves MDM2 binding and p53 induction, which may benefit the development of this compound for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardyanti Eka Putri
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanida Vinayanuwattikun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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16
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Zerfaoui M, Dokunmu TM, Toraih EA, Rezk BM, Abd Elmageed ZY, Kandil E. New Insights into the Link between Melanoma and Thyroid Cancer: Role of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking. Cells 2021; 10:367. [PMID: 33578751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health concern, mainly because of the incompletely understood dynamics of molecular mechanisms for progression and resistance to treatments. The link between melanoma and thyroid cancer (TC) has been noted in numerous patients. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins is a common mechanism in melanoma and TC that promotes tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. However, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Papillary TC (PTC) patients have a 1.8-fold higher risk for developing cutaneous malignant melanoma than healthy patients. Our group and others showed that patients with melanoma have a 2.15 to 2.3-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with PTC. The BRAF V600E mutation has been reported as a biological marker for aggressiveness and a potential genetic link between malignant melanoma and TC. The main mechanistic factor in the connection between these two cancer types is the alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway activation and translocation. The mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking associated with RAS, RAF, and Wnt signaling pathways in melanoma and TC are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the roles of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, p27, forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), and NF-KB within the nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartments and their association with tumor aggressiveness. A meticulous English-language literature analysis was performed using the PubMed Central database. Search parameters included articles published up to 2021 with keyword search terms melanoma and thyroid cancer, BRAF mutation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport in cancer.
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17
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Belardin LB, de Andrade MBR, Intasqui P, Spaine DM, Bertolla RP, Antoniassi MP. Restoration of the apoptosis pathways' proteins levels after orchiectomy in testicular tumour patients. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13846. [PMID: 33070399 DOI: 10.1111/and.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma proteins already demonstrated to reflect the testicular environment function and important regulatory mechanisms. However, it is crucial to understand which of these proteins participate in probable altered pathways in testicular germ cell tumours and after unilateral orchiectomy. In this study, we proposed to verify, by a multiplex approach, the levels of DNA damage and apoptosis pathways' proteins, in seminal plasma of men before and after unilateral orchiectomy, and also in control men. Comparing pre- and post-orchiectomy groups, just the apoptosis pathways' proteins presented different levels, in which Bad was lower and Bcl2, Akt, caspase-9, p53 and caspase-8 were higher after orchiectomy. When comparing pre- and post-orchiectomy groups with control, both presented lower levels of ChK1, Chk2, H2AX, p53 and p21, for DNA damage pathway. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, lower levels of JNK, Bcl2, Akt, caspase-9, p53 and caspase-8 and higher levels of Bad were observed before orchiectomy. The post-orchiectomy group did not differ from controls, demonstrating a probable restoration on its proteins levels. We can conclude that testicular tumours can alter both of the assessed pathways, and its removal is associated with a probable restoration of the apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Berloffa Belardin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Intasqui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Montagnini Spaine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira Antoniassi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Nachmias B, Schimmer AD. Targeting nuclear import and export in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2020; 34:2875-86. [PMID: 32624581 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transport of proteins across the nuclear membrane is a highly regulated process, essential for the cell function. This transport is actively mediated by members of the karyopherin family, termed importins, or exportins, depending on the direction of transport. These proteins play an active part in tumorigenesis, through aberrant localization of their cargoes, which include oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and mediators of key signal transduction pathways. Overexpression of importins and exportins is reported in many malignancies, with implications in cell growth and viability, differentiation, drug resistance, and tumor microenvironment. Given their broad significance across tumors and pathways, much effort is being put to develop specific inhibitors as a novel anticancer therapeutics. Already, selinexor, a specific inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1), is approved for clinical use. This review will focus on the role of importins and exportins in hematological malignancies. We will discuss current preclinical and clinical data on importins and exportins, and demonstrate how our growing understanding of their functions has identified new therapeutic targets.
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19
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Park JH, Park SA, Lee YJ, Park HW, Oh SM. PBK attenuates paclitaxel-induced autophagic cell death by suppressing p53 in H460 non-small-cell lung cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:937-950. [PMID: 32237067 PMCID: PMC7193173 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ‐binding kinase (PBK) has previously been shown to mediate chemoresistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. However, it remains unclear how PBK regulates paclitaxel‐induced cancer cell death. Here, we demonstrate that PBK hinders paclitaxel‐mediated autophagic cell death in H460 non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells. PBK knockdown increased apoptosis, autophagy, p53 level, and LC3 puncta upon paclitaxel treatment. Moreover, p53 expression facilitated an increase in the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio in response to paclitaxel, and PBK knockdown augmented paclitaxel‐mediated p53 transcriptional activity. Meanwhile, paclitaxel induced PBK‐mediated p53 nuclear export and its subsequent ubiquitination in control cells, but not in PBK knockdown cells. We conclude that PBK hampers paclitaxel‐induced autophagic cell death by suppressing p53, suggesting a potential role of PBK in p53‐mediated H460 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea.,Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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20
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Bae JR, Park WH, Suh DH, No JH, Kim YB, Kim K. Role of limonin in anticancer effects of Evodia rutaecarpa on ovarian cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:94. [PMID: 32197606 PMCID: PMC7085187 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer therapy generally involves systemic chemotherapy with anticancer drugs; however, chemotherapy with a platinum-based drug has often been shown to cause adverse reactions and drug resistance in ovarian cancer patients. Evodia rutaecarpa (ER) reportedly shows anticancer activity against various types of cancer cells. However, the effects of ER have not yet been fully uncovered in ovarian cancer. Methods In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of an ER extract and its components against the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-33, A2780, RMUG-S and a cisplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cell line (CisR SKOV-3). Cell viability and colony formation assays along with subcellular fractionation analysis, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Results ER treatment led to a significant reduction in the viability of SKOV-3 cells. Moreover, limonin, a compound found in ER, reduced the viability of both serous-type (SKOV-3 and A2780) and mucinous-type (RMUG-S) ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis via activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, limonin reversed the drug resistance through activation of apoptosis in CisR SKOV-3. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that limonin contributes to the anti-ovarian cancer effects of ER by inducing apoptosis via activation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryul Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ji Cho M, Yoon SJ, Kim W, Park J, Lee J, Park JG, Cho YL, Hun Kim J, Jang H, Park YJ, Lee SH, Min JK. Oxidative stress-mediated TXNIP loss causes RPE dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31615975 PMCID: PMC6802648 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), for example, through oxidative damage, is a common factor underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aberrant autophagy also contributes to AMD pathology, as autophagy maintains RPE homeostasis to ensure blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity and protect photoreceptors. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) promotes cellular oxidative stress by inhibiting thioredoxin reducing capacity and is in turn inversely regulated by reactive oxygen species levels; however, its role in oxidative stress-induced RPE cell dysfunction and the mechanistic link between TXNIP and autophagy are largely unknown. Here, we observed that TXNIP expression was rapidly downregulated in RPE cells under oxidative stress and that RPE cell proliferation was decreased. TXNIP knockdown demonstrated that the suppression of proliferation resulted from TXNIP depletion-induced autophagic flux, causing increased p53 activation via nuclear localization, which in turn enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and activation. Moreover, TXNIP downregulation further negatively impacted BRB integrity by disrupting RPE cell tight junctions and enhancing cell motility by phosphorylating, and thereby activating, Src kinase. Finally, we also revealed that TXNIP knockdown upregulated HIF-1α, leading to the enhanced secretion of VEGF from RPE cells and the stimulation of angiogenesis in cocultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. This suggests that the exposure of RPE cells to sustained oxidative stress may promote choroidal neovascularization, another AMD pathology. Together, these findings reveal three distinct mechanisms by which TXNIP downregulation disrupts RPE cell function and thereby exacerbates AMD pathogenesis. Accordingly, reinforcing or restoring BRB integrity by targeting TXNIP may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing or attenuating photoreceptor damage in AMD. A protein found in retinal cells promotes the development of age-related macular degeneration and may provide a therapeutic target. Sight loss through macular degeneration is triggered by disruption to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of cells that carries nutrients to the eye. RPE cells can be disrupted under oxidative stress conditions, but how this influences macular degeneration is unclear. Jeong-Ki Min and Sang-Hyun Lee at the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology in Daejeon, South Korea, and co-workers found that oxidative stress reduces levels of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in human RPE cell cultures. This interrupts cellular communication and disturbs the balance between cell proliferation and cell recycling. It also increases the levels of proteins that promote excess blood vessel formation, a key process contributing to macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Cho
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Liu Y, Tavana O, Gu W. p53 modifications: exquisite decorations of the powerful guardian. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:564-577. [PMID: 31282934 PMCID: PMC6736412 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression. The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions. Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way. Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation. Meanwhile, other PTMs like sumoylation, neddylation, O-GlcNAcylation, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, hydroxylation, and β-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation. By independent action or interaction, PTMs affect p53 stability, conformation, localization, and binding partners. Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases, especially in cancers. This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Li X, Zhang XX, Lin YX, Xu XM, Li L, Yang JB. Virtual Screening Based on Ensemble Docking Targeting Wild-Type p53 for Anticancer Drug Discovery. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900170. [PMID: 31134745 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor function of p53 makes it an attractive drug target. Efforts were mostly put on stabilization of the functional p53 or reactivation of mutated p53. Previous studies have shown that small molecules targeting Loop1/Sheet3 (L1/S3) can reactivate the R175H-p53 and stabilize p53 in vitro. Since the L1/S3 pocket is shared by the mutate and the wild type (WT) p53, virtual screening is introduced to identify natural products targeting the L1/S3 of WT p53. Considering the high flexibility of Loop1, ensemble docking method is utilized for different clusters of the L1/S3. Seven conformations were chosen for docking. As one of the 181 selected candidates, torilin not only improved p53 activity, but also increased p21 protein expression level, which lies downstream of p53, therefore suppressing HCT116 cancer cell growth. Torilin may covalently bind to Cys124 of p53 by 2-methyl-2-butenal (2M2B) group, as torilin derivatives, which do not contain the 2M2B group, were not able to increase the p53 transcription activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that L1/S3 of WT-p53 is a druggable pocket, and torilin has a potential cytotoxicity through activating the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Lin
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
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24
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Schröder M, Yusein-Myashkova S, Todorova J, Pasheva E, Ugrinova I. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) stimulates the nuclear accumulation of p53. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1604159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schröder
- Department of Structure and Function of Chromatin, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev’’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shazie Yusein-Myashkova
- Department of Structure and Function of Chromatin, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev’’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordana Todorova
- Department of Structure and Function of Chromatin, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev’’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evdokia Pasheva
- Department of Structure and Function of Chromatin, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev’’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Department of Structure and Function of Chromatin, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev’’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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25
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Zhang J, Tan P, Guo L, Gong J, Ma J, Li J, Lee M, Fang S, Jing J, Johnson G, Sun D, Cao WM, Dashwood R, Han L, Zhou Y, Dong WG, Huang Y. p53-dependent autophagic degradation of TET2 modulates cancer therapeutic resistance. Oncogene 2018; 38:1905-1919. [PMID: 30390073 PMCID: PMC6419514 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells with p53 inactivation frequently exhibit chemotherapy resistance, which poses a longstanding challenge to cancer treatment. Here we unveiled a previously unrecognized role of TET2 in mediating p53-loss induced chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Deletion of TET2 in p53KO colon cancer cells enhanced DNA damage and restored chemotherapy sensitivity. By taking a two-pronged approach that combined pharmacological inhibition with genetic depletion, we discovered that p53 destabilized TET2 at protein level by promoting its autophagic degradation. At the molecular level, we further revealed a physical association between TET2 and p53 that facilitated the nucleoplasmic shuttling of TET2, as well as its recruitment to the autophagosome for degradation. Our study has unveiled a functional interplay between TET2 and p53 during anti-cancer therapy. Our findings establish the rationale for targeting TET2 to overcome chemotherapy resistance associated with mutant p53 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Minjung Lee
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shaohai Fang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ji Jing
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gavin Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China, 310022
| | - Roderick Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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26
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Beyfuss K, Erlich AT, Triolo M, Hood DA. The Role of p53 in Determining Mitochondrial Adaptations to Endurance Training in Skeletal Muscle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14710. [PMID: 30279494 PMCID: PMC6168598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether p53 is required for the physiological and mitochondrial adaptations with exercise training. Furthermore, it is also unknown whether impairments in the absence of p53 are a result of its loss in skeletal muscle, or a secondary effect due to its deletion in alternative tissues. Thus, we investigated the role of p53 in regulating mitochondria both basally, and under the influence of exercise, by subjecting C57Bl/6J whole-body (WB) and muscle-specific p53 knockout (mKO) mice to a 6-week training program. Our results confirm that p53 is important for regulating mitochondrial content and function, as well as proteins within the autophagy and apoptosis pathways. Despite an increased proportion of phosphorylated p53 (Ser15) in the mitochondria, p53 is not required for training-induced adaptations in exercise capacity or mitochondrial content and function. In comparing mouse models, similar directional alterations were observed in basal and exercise-induced signaling modifications in WB and mKO mice, however the magnitude of change was less pronounced in the mKO mice. Our data suggest that p53 is required for basal mitochondrial maintenance in skeletal muscle, but is not required for the adaptive responses to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Beyfuss
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Matthew Triolo
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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27
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Smedowski A, Liu X, Podracka L, Akhtar S, Trzeciecka A, Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Lewin-Kowalik J, Urtti A, Ruponen M, Kaarniranta K, Varjosalo M, Amadio M. Increased intraocular pressure alters the cellular distribution of HuR protein in retinal ganglion cells - A possible sign of endogenous neuroprotection failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:296-306. [PMID: 29107807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein, HuR, modulates mRNA processing and gene expression of several stress response proteins i.e. Hsp70 and p53 that have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, a chronic optic neuropathy leading to irreversible blindness. We evaluated HuR protein expression in retinas and optic nerves of glaucomatous rats and human primary open angle glaucoma patients and its possible impact on stress response mechanisms. We found that the cytoplasmic content of HuR was reduced more extensively in glaucomatous retinas than in optic nerves and this was linked with a declined cytoplasmic Hsp70 level and p53 nuclear translocation. In the optic nerve, the p53 content was decreased as a feature of reactive gliosis. Based on our findings, we conclude that the alteration in the HuR content, observed both in rat glaucoma model and human glaucoma samples, affects post-transcriptionally the expression of genes crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis; therefore, we postulate that HuR may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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28
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Kim Y, Triolo M, Hood DA. Impact of Aging and Exercise on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:3165396. [PMID: 28656072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3165396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are characterized by its pivotal roles in managing energy production, reactive oxygen species, and calcium, whose aging-related structural and functional deteriorations are observed in aging muscle. Although it is still unclear how aging alters mitochondrial quality and quantity in skeletal muscle, dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic controls has been suggested as key players for that. In this paper, we summarize current understandings on how aging regulates muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, while focusing on transcriptional regulations including PGC-1α, AMPK, p53, mtDNA, and Tfam. Further, we review current findings on the muscle mitochondrial dynamic systems in aging muscle: fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and protein import. Next, we also discuss how endurance and resistance exercises impact on the mitochondrial quality controls in aging muscle, suggesting possible effective exercise strategies to improve/maintain mitochondrial health.
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29
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Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive neoplasm of B- or T-lymphoid progenitors and is the commonest childhood tumor. ALL comprises multiple subtypes characterized by distinct genetic alterations, with stereotyped patterns of aneuploidy present in many cases. Although alterations of TP53 are common in many tumors, they are infrequent in ALL, with the exception of two ALL subtypes associated with poor outcome: relapsed disease and ALL with hypodiploidy. TP53 alterations are present in almost all cases of ALL with low hypodiploidy and are associated with alterations of the lymphoid transcription factor IKZF2 and the tumor-suppressor gene loci CDKN2A and CDKN2B. Remarkably, more than half of TP53 mutations in low-hypodiploid ALL in children are present in nontumor cells, indicating that low-hypodiploid ALL is a manifestation of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. These findings have profound implications for our understanding of the genetic pathogenesis of hypodiploid ALL, suggesting that alteration of TP53 function may promote the distinctive aneuploidy characteristic of hypodiploid ALL. Moreover, the identification of hypodiploidy mandates offering testing for TP53 mutational status to patients and their relatives, with appropriate counseling and disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Q Comeaux
- Departments of Pathology and the Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Departments of Pathology and the Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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30
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Abstract
Since its cloning and identification in 2004, considerable gains have been made in the understanding of the basic functionality of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), including its kinase and GTPase activities, its protein interactors and subcellular localization, and its expression in the CNS and peripheral tissues. However, the mechanism(s) by which expression of mutant forms of LRRK2 lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain remains largely uncharacterized. Because of its complex domain structure, LRRK2 exhibits similarities with multiple protein families including ROCO proteins, as well as the RIP kinases. Cellular models in which mutant LRRK2 is overexpressed in neuronal-like cell lines or in primary neurons have found evidence of apoptotic cell death involving components of the extrinsic as well as intrinsic death pathways. However, since the expression of LRRK2 is comparatively quite low in ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons, the possibility exists that non-cell autonomous signaling also contributes to the loss of these neurons. In this chapter, we will discuss the different neuronal death pathways that may be activated by mutant forms of LRRK2, guided in part by the behavior of other members of the RIP kinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy J Rideout
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, Athens, 115 27, Greece.
| | - Diane B Re
- EHS Department and Motor Neuron Center, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street Suite 1107-b, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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31
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Cheng CH, Luo SW, Ye CX, Wang AL, Guo ZX. Identification, characterization and expression analysis of tumor suppressor protein p53 from pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) after the Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 59:312-322. [PMID: 27815196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a critical role in cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA repair. In this study, the full-length pufferfish p53 (Pf-p53) was obtained, containing an open reading frame of 1095 bp, a 5'UTR of 157 bp and a 3'UTR of 285 bp with a poly (A) tail. The Pf-p53 encoded a polypeptide of 364 amino acids with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.03 and predicted molecular weight of 40.6 kDa. Pf-p53 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with a high-level expression in kidney, liver and gill. Vibrio alginolyticus challenge could induce ROS production and disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, subsequently leading to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis, while the Vibrio alginolyticus-induced oxidative stress can also increase the non-specific immunity. The pufferfish challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus showed a sharp increase of Pf-p53 transcript in liver. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Pf-p53 was primarily localized in nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of Pf-p53 in Hela cells could inhibit cell proliferation and the transcriptional activities of the NF-ĸB promoter. Taken together, our results indicated that Pf-p53 may play an important role in the immune response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chao-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
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32
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Baradaran-Heravi A, Balgi AD, Zimmerman C, Choi K, Shidmoossavee FS, Tan JS, Bergeaud C, Krause A, Flibotte S, Shimizu Y, Anderson HJ, Mouly V, Jan E, Pfeifer T, Jaquith JB, Roberge M. Novel small molecules potentiate premature termination codon readthrough by aminoglycosides. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6583-98. [PMID: 27407112 PMCID: PMC5001621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations introduce premature termination codons and underlie 11% of genetic disease cases. High concentrations of aminoglycosides can restore gene function by eliciting premature termination codon readthrough but with low efficiency. Using a high-throughput screen, we identified compounds that potentiate readthrough by aminoglycosides at multiple nonsense alleles in yeast. Chemical optimization generated phthalimide derivative CDX5-1 with activity in human cells. Alone, CDX5-1 did not induce readthrough or increase TP53 mRNA levels in HDQ-P1 cancer cells with a homozygous TP53 nonsense mutation. However, in combination with aminoglycoside G418, it enhanced readthrough up to 180-fold over G418 alone. The combination also increased readthrough at all three nonsense codons in cancer cells with other TP53 nonsense mutations, as well as in cells from rare genetic disease patients with nonsense mutations in the CLN2, SMARCAL1 and DMD genes. These findings open up the possibility of treating patients across a spectrum of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Baradaran-Heravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aruna D Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carla Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kunho Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fahimeh S Shidmoossavee
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jason S Tan
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Célia Bergeaud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Krause
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Flibotte
- Department of Zoology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hilary J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tom Pfeifer
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James B Jaquith
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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33
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Zhang MX, Zhang J, Zhang H, Tang H. miR-24-3p Suppresses Malignant Behavior of Lacrimal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma by Targeting PRKCH to Regulate p53/p21 Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158433. [PMID: 27351203 PMCID: PMC4924841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of miRNAs in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that miR-24-3p was downreglated and functions as a tumor suppressor in human lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma by suppressing proliferation and migration/invasion while promoting apoptosis. miR-24-3p down-regulated protein kinase C eta (PRKCH) by binding to its untranslated region (3’UTR). PRKCH increased the of the cell growth and migration/invasion in ACC cells and suppressed the expression of p53 and p21 in both mRNA and protein level. The overexpression of miR-24-3p decreased its malignant phenotype. Ectopic expression of PRKCH counteracted the suppression of malignancy induced by miR-24-3p, as well as ectopic expression of miR-24-3p rescued the suppression of PRKCH in the p53/p21 pathway. These results suggest that miR-24-3p promotes the p53/p21 pathway by down-regulating PRKCH expression in lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-xue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (HT)
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (HT)
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Dash S, Chava S, Aydin Y, Chandra PK, Ferraris P, Chen W, Balart LA, Wu T, Garry RF. Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Autophagy as a Prosurvival Mechanism to Alleviate Hepatic ER-Stress Response. Viruses 2016; 8:E150. [PMID: 27223299 DOI: 10.3390/v8050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently leads to chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular mechanisms by which HCV infection leads to chronic liver disease and HCC are not well understood. The infection cycle of HCV is initiated by the attachment and entry of virus particles into a hepatocyte. Replication of the HCV genome inside hepatocytes leads to accumulation of large amounts of viral proteins and RNA replication intermediates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in production of thousands of new virus particles. HCV-infected hepatocytes mount a substantial stress response. How the infected hepatocyte integrates the viral-induced stress response with chronic infection is unknown. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an ER-associated cellular transcriptional response, is activated in HCV infected hepatocytes. Over the past several years, research performed by a number of laboratories, including ours, has shown that HCV induced UPR robustly activates autophagy to sustain viral replication in the infected hepatocyte. Induction of the cellular autophagy response is required to improve survival of infected cells by inhibition of cellular apoptosis. The autophagy response also inhibits the cellular innate antiviral program that usually inhibits HCV replication. In this review, we discuss the physiological implications of the HCV-induced chronic ER-stress response in the liver disease progression.
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Ortega JF, de Conti A, Tryndyak V, Furtado KS, Heidor R, Horst MA, Fernandes LHG, Tavares PELM, Pogribna M, Shpyleva S, Beland FA, Pogribny IP, Moreno FS. Suppressing activity of tributyrin on hepatocarcinogenesis is associated with inhibiting the p53-CRM1 interaction and changing the cellular compartmentalization of p53 protein. Oncotarget 2016; 7:24339-47. [PMID: 27013579 PMCID: PMC5029705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an aggressive and the fastest growing life-threatening cancer worldwide, is often diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages of the disease, which substantially limits therapeutic approaches for its successful treatment. This indicates that the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis is probably the most promising approach to reduce both the HCC incidence and cancer-related mortality. In previous studies, we demonstrated a potent chemopreventive effect of tributyrin, a butyric acid prodrug, on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The cancer-inhibitory effect of tributyrin was linked to the suppression of sustained cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic cell death driven by an activation of the p53 apoptotic signaling pathway. The goal of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms linked to tributyrin-mediated p53 activation. Using in vivo and in vitro models of liver cancer, we demonstrate that an increase in the level of p53 protein in nuclei, a decrease in the level of cytoplasmic p53, and, consequently, an increase in the ratio of nuclear/cytoplasmic p53 in rat preneoplastic livers and in rat and human HCC cell lines caused by tributyrin or sodium butyrate treatments was associated with a marked increase in the level of nuclear chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) protein. Mechanistically, the increase in the level of nuclear p53 protein was associated with a substantially reduced binding interaction between CRM1 and p53. The results demonstrate that the cancer-inhibitory activity of sodium butyrate and its derivatives on liver carcinogenesis may be attributed to retention of p53 and CRM1 proteins in the nucleus, an event that may trigger activation of p53-mediated apoptotic cell death in neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F. Ortega
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline de Conti
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Volodymyr Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Kelly S. Furtado
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Heidor
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Gasparini Fernandes
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Latorre Martins Tavares
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Pogribna
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Svitlana Shpyleva
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Frederick A. Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Olsson G, Czene S, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringdahl M. Transient delay of radiation-induced apoptosis by phorbol acetate. Radiat Environ Biophys 2016; 55:95-102. [PMID: 26581877 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of interference of a model tumour promoter 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) with radiation-induced apoptosis in human peripheral lymphocytes have been investigated. The cells were treated with TPA under various conditions and thereafter exposed to a single lethal dose of gamma radiation. Morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis were followed up to 72 h of post-irradiation time. Acute exposure to low concentration of TPA resulted in delay in the onset of radiation-induced apoptosis (determined as morphological changes and rate of mitochondrial demise) by 24-48 h as compared to the irradiated, sham TPA-treated cells. The time course of this delay correlated well with confinement of the p53 protein to the cytoplasm and increase in bcl-2 levels at the nuclear periphery of irradiated cells. Our results indicate that confinement of p53 in the cytoplasm is one of the potential mechanisms by which TPA interferes with the process of radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Olsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Czene
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Active nucleocytoplasmic transport is a key mechanism underlying protein regulation in eukaryotes. While nuclear protein import can be controlled in space and time with a portfolio of optogenetic tools, protein export has not been tackled so far. Here we present a light-inducible nuclear export system (LEXY) based on a single, genetically encoded tag, which enables precise spatiotemporal control over the export of tagged proteins. A constitutively nuclear, chromatin-anchored LEXY variant expands the method towards light inhibition of endogenous protein export by sequestering cellular CRM1 receptors. We showcase the utility of LEXY for cell biology applications by regulating a synthetic repressor as well as human p53 transcriptional activity with light. LEXY is a powerful addition to the optogenetic toolbox, allowing various novel applications in synthetic and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Niopek
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Wehler
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Roensch
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Ventura
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Christie M, Chang CW, Róna G, Smith KM, Stewart AG, Takeda AAS, Fontes MRM, Stewart M, Vértessy BG, Forwood JK, Kobe B. Structural Biology and Regulation of Protein Import into the Nucleus. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:2060-90. [PMID: 26523678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are translated in the cytoplasm, but many need to access the nucleus to perform their functions. Understanding how these nuclear proteins are transported through the nuclear envelope and how the import processes are regulated is therefore an important aspect of understanding cell function. Structural biology has played a key role in understanding the molecular events during the transport processes and their regulation, including the recognition of nuclear targeting signals by the corresponding receptors. Here, we review the structural basis of the principal nuclear import pathways and the molecular basis of their regulation. The pathways involve transport factors that are members of the β-karyopherin family, which can bind cargo directly (e.g., importin-β, transportin-1, transportin-3, importin-13) or through adaptor proteins (e.g., importin-α, snurportin-1, symportin-1), as well as unrelated transport factors such as Hikeshi, involved in the transport of heat-shock proteins, and NTF2, involved in the transport of RanGDP. Solenoid proteins feature prominently in these pathways. Nuclear transport factors recognize nuclear targeting signals on the cargo proteins, including the classical nuclear localization signals, recognized by the adaptor importin-α, and the PY nuclear localization signals, recognized by transportin-1. Post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation, constitute key regulatory mechanisms operating in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Christie
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chiung-Wen Chang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gergely Róna
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Kate M Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Agnes A S Takeda
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Murray Stewart
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Ho DH, Kim H, Kim J, Sim H, Ahn H, Kim J, Seo H, Chung KC, Park BJ, Son I, Seol W. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. Mol Brain 2015; 8:54. [PMID: 26384650 PMCID: PMC4575451 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene in which a mutation causes Parkinson’s disease (PD), and p53 is a prototype tumor suppressor. In addition, activation of p53 in patient with PD has been reported by several studies. Because phosphorylation of p53 is critical for regulating its activity and LRRK2 is a kinase, we tested whether p53 is phosphorylated by LRRK2. Results LRRK2 phosphorylates threonine (Thr) at TXR sites in an in vitro kinase assay, and the T304 and T377 were identified as putative phosphorylated residues. An increase of phospho-Thr in the p53 TXR motif was confirmed in the cells overexpressing G2019S, and human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of a G2019S carrier. Interactions between LRRK2 and p53 were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of lysates of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. LRRK2 mediated p53 phosphorylation translocalizes p53 predominantly to nucleus and increases p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay results. The luciferase assay using the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter-reporter also confirmed that LRRK2 kinase activity increases p21 expression. Exogenous expression of G2019S and the phosphomimetic p53 T304/377D mutants increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cleaved PARP, and cytotoxicity in the same cells. We also observed increase of p21 expression in rat primary neuron cells after transient expression of p53 T304/377D mutants and the mid-brain lysates of the G2019S transgenic mice. Conclusion p53 is a LRRK2 kinase substrate. Phosphorylation of p53 by LRRK2 induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and rat primary neurons. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0145-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Kim
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Sim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Ahn
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
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Garufi A, Ubertini V, Mancini F, D'Orazi V, Baldari S, Moretti F, Bossi G, D'Orazi G. The beneficial effect of Zinc(II) on low-dose chemotherapeutic sensitivity involves p53 activation in wild-type p53-carrying colorectal cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:87. [PMID: 26297485 PMCID: PMC4546314 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of wild-type p53 in response to genotoxic stress occurs through different mechanisms including protein conformation, posttranslational modifications, and nuclear localization, leading to DNA binding to sequence-specific promoters. Zinc ion plays a crucial role in stabilizing p53/DNA binding to induce canonical target genes. Mutant p53 proteins undergo protein misfolding that can be counteracted by zinc. However, whether zinc supplementation might have a beneficial antitumor effect in wild-type p53-carrying cells in combination with drugs, has not been addressed so far. METHODS In this study we compared the effect of two antitumor treatments: on the one hand wild-type p53-carrying colon cancer cells were treated with low and high doses of chemotherapeutic agent Adriamycin and, on the other hand, Adriamycin was used in combination with ZnCl2. Biochemical and molecular analyses were applied to evaluate p53 activity and biological outcomes in this setting. Finally, the effect of the different combination treatments were applied to assess tumor growth in vivo in tumor xenografts. RESULTS We found that low-dose Adriamycin did not induce p53 activation in wtp53-carrying colon cancer cells, unless in combination with ZnCl2. Mechanistically, ZnCl2 was a key determinant in inducing wtp53/DNA binding and transactivation of target genes in response to low-dose Adriamycin that used alone did not achieve such effects. Finally, in vivo studies, in a model of wtp53 colon cancer xenograft, show that low-dose Adriamycin did not induce tumor regression unless in combination with ZnCl2 that activated endogenous wtp53. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that ZnCl2 might be a valuable adjuvant in chemotherapeutic regimens of colorectal cancer harboring wild-type p53, able to both activate p53 and reduce the amount of drugs for antitumor purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garufi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,Translational Research Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00158, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ubertini
- Translational Research Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00158, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Roma, Italy.
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,Translational Research Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00158, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Roma, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00158, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,Translational Research Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00158, Rome, Italy.
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Dixit U, Pandey AK, Liu Z, Kumar S, Neiditch MB, Klein KM, Pandey VN. FUSE Binding Protein 1 Facilitates Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Hepatoma Cells by Regulating Tumor Suppressor p53. J Virol 2015; 89:7905-21. [PMID: 25995247 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00729-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemistry of archived HCC tumors showed abundant FBP1 expression in HCC tumors with the CHC background. Oncomine data analysis of normal versus HCC tumors with the CHC background indicated a 4-fold increase in FBP1 expression with a concomitant 2.5-fold decrease in the expression of p53. We found that FBP1 promotes HCV replication by inhibiting p53 and regulating BCCIP and TCTP, which are positive and negative regulators of p53, respectively. The severe inhibition of HCV replication in FBP1-knockdown Huh7.5 cells was restored to a normal level by downregulation of either p53 or BCCIP. Although p53 in Huh7.5 cells is transcriptionally inactive as a result of Y220C mutation, we found that the activation and DNA binding ability of Y220C p53 were strongly suppressed by FBP1 but significantly activated upon knockdown of FBP1. Transient expression of FBP1 in FBP1 knockdown cells fully restored the control phenotype in which the DNA binding ability of p53 was strongly suppressed. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found no significant difference in in vitro target DNA binding affinity of recombinant wild-type p53 and its Y220C mutant p53. However, in the presence of recombinant FBP1, the DNA binding ability of p53 is strongly inhibited. We confirmed that FBP1 downregulates BCCIP, p21, and p53 and upregulates TCTP under radiation-induced stress. Since FBP1 is overexpressed in most HCC tumors with an HCV background, it may have a role in promoting persistent virus infection and tumorigenesis. IMPORTANCE It is our novel finding that FUSE binding protein 1 (FBP1) strongly inhibits the function of tumor suppressor p53 and is an essential host cell factor required for HCV replication. Oncomine data analysis of a large number of samples has revealed that overexpression of FBP1 in most HCC tumors with chronic hepatitis C is significantly linked with the decreased expression level of p53. The most significant finding is that FBP1 not only physically interacts with p53 and interferes with its binding to the target DNA but also functions as a negative regulator of p53 under cellular stress. FBP1 is barely detectable in normal differentiated cells; its overexpression in HCC tumors with the CHC background suggests that FBP1 has an important role in promoting HCV infection and HCC tumors by suppressing p53.
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Alem F, Yao K, Lane D, Calvert V, Petricoin EF, Kramer L, Hale ML, Bavari S, Panchal RG, Hakami RM. Host response during Yersinia pestis infection of human bronchial epithelial cells involves negative regulation of autophagy and suggests a modulation of survival-related and cellular growth pathways. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:50. [PMID: 25762983 PMCID: PMC4327736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis (Yp) causes the re-emerging disease plague, and is classified by the CDC and NIAID as a highest priority (Category A) pathogen. Currently, there is no approved human vaccine available and advances in early diagnostics and effective therapeutics are urgently needed. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of host response to Yp infection can significantly advance these three areas. We employed the Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPMA) technology to reveal the dynamic states of either protein level changes or phosphorylation changes associated with kinase-driven signaling pathways during host cell response to Yp infection. RPMA allowed quantitative profiling of changes in the intracellular communication network of human lung epithelial cells at different times post infection and in response to different treatment conditions, which included infection with the virulent Yp strain CO92, infection with a derivative avirulent strain CO92 (Pgm-, Pst-), treatment with heat inactivated CO92, and treatment with LPS. Responses to a total of 111 validated antibodies were profiled, leading to discovery of 12 novel protein hits. The RPMA analysis also identified several protein hits previously reported in the context of Yp infection. Furthermore, the results validated several proteins previously reported in the context of infection with other Yersinia species or implicated for potential relevance through recombinant protein and cell transfection studies. The RPMA results point to strong modulation of survival/apoptosis and cell growth pathways during early host response and also suggest a model of negative regulation of the autophagy pathway. We find significant cytoplasmic localization of p53 and reduced LC3-I to LC3-II conversion in response to Yp infection, consistent with negative regulation of autophagy. These studies allow for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis mechanisms and the discovery of innovative approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Alem
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Kuan Yao
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Douglas Lane
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Liana Kramer
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Martha L Hale
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ramin M Hakami
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
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Gotoh T, Vila-Caballer M, Liu J, Schiffhauer S, Finkielstein CV. Association of the circadian factor Period 2 to p53 influences p53's function in DNA-damage signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:359-72. [PMID: 25411341 PMCID: PMC4294682 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of the circadian Per2 factor to p53 results in cytosol–nuclear shuttling of the complex and further association to Mdm2. The trimeric complex remains in the nucleus until a genotoxic signal frees p53, allowing for a transcriptional checkpoint response. Circadian period proteins influence cell division and death by associating with checkpoint components, although their mode of regulation has not been firmly established. hPer2 forms a trimeric complex with hp53 and its negative regulator Mdm2. In unstressed cells, this association leads to increased hp53 stability by blocking Mdm2-dependent ubiquitination and transcription of hp53 target genes. Because of the relevance of hp53 in checkpoint signaling, we hypothesize that hPer2 association with hp53 acts as a regulatory module that influences hp53's downstream response to genotoxic stress. Unlike the trimeric complex, whose distribution was confined to the nuclear compartment, hPer2/hp53 was identified in both cytosol and nucleus. At the transcriptional level, a reporter containing the hp21WAF1/CIP1 promoter, a target of hp53, remained inactive in cells expressing a stable form of the hPer2/hp53 complex even when treated with γ-radiation. Finally, we established that hPer2 directly acts on the hp53 node, as checkpoint components upstream of hp53 remained active in response to DNA damage. Quantitative transcriptional analyses of hp53 target genes demonstrated that unbound hp53 was absolutely required for activation of the DNA-damage response. Our results provide evidence of the mode by which the circadian tumor suppressor hPer2 modulates hp53 signaling in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Gotoh
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Marian Vila-Caballer
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Samuel Schiffhauer
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Ji X, Huang Q, Yu L, Nussinov R, Ma B. Bioinformatics study of cancer-related mutations within p53 phosphorylation site motifs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13275-98. [PMID: 25075982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 protein has about thirty phosphorylation sites located at the N- and C-termini and in the core domain. The phosphorylation sites are relatively less mutated than other residues in p53. To understand why and how p53 phosphorylation sites are rarely mutated in human cancer, using a bioinformatics approaches, we examined the phosphorylation site and its nearby flanking residues, focusing on the consensus phosphorylation motif pattern, amino-acid correlations within the phosphorylation motifs, the propensity of structural disorder of the phosphorylation motifs, and cancer mutations observed within the phosphorylation motifs. Many p53 phosphorylation sites are targets for several kinases. The phosphorylation sites match 17 consensus sequence motifs out of the 29 classified. In addition to proline, which is common in kinase specificity-determining sites, we found high propensity of acidic residues to be adjacent to phosphorylation sites. Analysis of human cancer mutations in the phosphorylation motifs revealed that motifs with adjacent acidic residues generally have fewer mutations, in contrast to phosphorylation sites near proline residues. p53 phosphorylation motifs are mostly disordered. However, human cancer mutations within phosphorylation motifs tend to decrease the disorder propensity. Our results suggest that combination of acidic residues Asp and Glu with phosphorylation sites provide charge redundancy which may safe guard against loss-of-function mutations, and that the natively disordered nature of p53 phosphorylation motifs may help reduce mutational damage. Our results further suggest that engineering acidic amino acids adjacent to potential phosphorylation sites could be a p53 gene therapy strategy.
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Shyu YC, Lee TL, Chen X, Hsu PH, Wen SC, Liaw YW, Lu CH, Hsu PY, Lu MJ, Hwang J, Tsai MD, Hwang MJ, Chen JR, Shen CKJ. Tight regulation of a timed nuclear import wave of EKLF by PKCθ and FOE during Pro-E to Baso-E transition. Dev Cell 2014; 28:409-22. [PMID: 24576425 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process during which BFU-E are differentiated into RBCs through CFU-E, Pro-E, PolyCh-E, OrthoCh-E, and reticulocyte stages. Uniquely, most erythroid-specific genes are activated during the Pro-E to Baso-E transition. We show that a wave of nuclear import of the erythroid-specific transcription factor EKLF occurs during the Pro-E to Baso-E transition. We further demonstrate that this wave results from a series of finely tuned events, including timed activation of PKCθ, phosphorylation of EKLF at S68 by P-PKCθ(S676), and sumoylation of EKLF at K74. The latter EKLF modifications modulate its interactions with a cytoplasmic ankyrin-repeat-protein FOE and importinβ1, respectively. The role of FOE in the control of EKLF nuclear import is further supported by analysis of the subcellular distribution patterns of EKLF in FOE-knockout mice. This study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of the nuclear import of EKLF, which may also be utilized in the nuclear import of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Da'an, Taipei 103, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC.
| | - Tung-Liang Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shau-Ching Wen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Yi-Wei Liaw
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Chi-Huan Lu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Po-Yen Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Mu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - JauLang Hwang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jim-Ray Chen
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Anle, Keelung 204, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 259, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC.
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Wink S, Hiemstra S, Huppelschoten S, Danen E, Niemeijer M, Hendriks G, Vrieling H, Herpers B, van de Water B. Quantitative high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress response pathways in toxicity for chemical safety assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:338-55. [PMID: 24450961 DOI: 10.1021/tx4004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, major leaps forward have been made on the mechanistic understanding and identification of adaptive stress response landscapes underlying toxic insult using transcriptomics approaches. However, for predictive purposes of adverse outcome several major limitations in these approaches exist. First, the limited number of samples that can be analyzed reduces the in depth analysis of concentration-time course relationships for toxic stress responses. Second these transcriptomics analysis have been based on the whole cell population, thereby inevitably preventing single cell analysis. Third, transcriptomics is based on the transcript level, totally ignoring (post)translational regulation. We believe these limitations are circumvented with the application of high content analysis of relevant toxicant-induced adaptive stress signaling pathways using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cell-based assays. The goal is to establish a platform that incorporates all adaptive stress pathways that are relevant for toxicity, with a focus on drug-induced liver injury. In addition, cellular stress responses typically follow cell perturbations at the subcellular organelle level. Therefore, we complement our reporter line panel with reporters for specific organelle morphometry and function. Here, we review the approaches of high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress responses to chemicals and the application in the mechanistic understanding and prediction of chemical toxicity at a systems toxicology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wink
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University , The Netherlands
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Hernández-Bule ML, Trillo MÁ, Úbeda A. Molecular mechanisms underlying antiproliferative and differentiating responses of hepatocarcinoma cells to subthermal electric stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84636. [PMID: 24416255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) therapy applies currents of 0.4–0.6 MHz to treatment of inflammatory and musculoskeletal injuries. Previous studies have shown that intermittent exposure to CRET currents at subthermal doses exert cytotoxic or antiproliferative effects in human neuroblastoma or hepatocarcinoma cells, respectively. It has been proposed that such effects would be mediated by cell cycle arrest and by changes in the expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The present work focuses on the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in CRET-induced cytostasis and investigates the possibility that the cellular response to the treatment extends to other phenomena, including induction of apoptosis and/or of changes in the differentiation stage of hepatocarcinoma cells. The obtained results show that the reported antiproliferative action of intermittent stimulation (5 m On/4 h Off) with 0.57 MHz, sine wave signal at a current density of 50 µA/mm2, could be mediated by significant increase of the apoptotic rate as well as significant changes in the expression of proteins p53 and Bcl-2. The results also revealed a significantly decreased expression of alpha-fetoprotein in the treated samples, which, together with an increased concentration of albumin released into the medium by the stimulated cells, can be interpreted as evidence of a transient cytodifferentiating response elicited by the current. The fact that this type of electrical stimulation is capable of promoting both, differentiation and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells, is of potential interest for a possible extension of the applications of CRET therapy towards the field of oncology.
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Levav-Cohen Y, Goldberg Z, Tan KH, Alsheich-Bartok O, Zuckerman V, Haupt S, Haupt Y. The p53-Mdm2 loop: a critical juncture of stress response. Subcell Biochem 2014; 85:161-86. [PMID: 25201194 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9211-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a functional p53 protein is a key factor for the proper suppression of cancer development. A loss of p53 activity, by mutations or inhibition, is often associated with human malignancies. The p53 protein integrates various stress signals into a growth restrictive cellular response. In this way, p53 eliminates cells with a potential to become cancerous. Being a powerful decision maker, it is imperative that p53 will be activated properly, efficiently and temporarily in response to stress. Equally important is that p53 activation will be extinguished upon recovery from stress, and that improper activation of p53 will be avoided. Failure to achieve these aims is likely to have catastrophic consequences for the organism. The machinery that governs this tight regulation is largely based on the major inhibitor of p53, Mdm2, which both blocks p53 activities and promotes its destabilization. The interplay between p53 and Mdm2 involves a complex network of positive and negative feedback loops. Relief from Mdm2 suppression is required for p53 to be stabilized and activated in response to stress. Protection from Mdm2 entails a concerted action of modifying enzymes and partner proteins. The association of p53 with the PML-nuclear bodies may provide an infrastructure in which this complex regulatory network can be orchestrated. In this chapter we use examples to illustrate the regulatory machinery that drives this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Levav-Cohen
- Lautenberg Center, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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49
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Guan A, Gong H, Ye Y, Jia J, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Qian S, Sun A, Chen R, Ge J, Zou Y. Regulation of p53 by jagged1 contributes to angiotensin II-induced impairment of myocardial angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76529. [PMID: 24098521 PMCID: PMC3789680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a major contributor to the development of heart failure, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms still remain elucidative. Inadequate angiogenesis in myocardium leads to transition from cardiac hypertrophy to dysfunction, this study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of AngII on myocardial angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. AngII treatment significantly impaired angiogenetic responses, which were determined by counting the capillaries either in matrigel formed by cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) or in myocardium of mice and by measuring the in vitro and in vivo production of VEGF proteins, and stimulated accumulation and phosphorylation of cytosolic p53 which led to increases in phosphorylated p53 and decreases of hypoxia inducible factor (Hif-1) in nucleus. All of these cellular and molecular events induced by AngII in CEMCs and hearts of mice were largely reduced by a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α (PFT-α). Interestingly, AngII stimulated the upregulation of Jagged1, a ligand of Notch, but it didn’t affect the expression of Delta-like 4 (Dll-4), another ligand of Notch. Inhibition of p53 by PFT-α partly abolished this effect of AngII. Further experiments showed that knockdown ofJagged1 by addition of siRNA to cultured CMVECs dramatically declined AngII-stimulated accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 in cytosol, upregulation of phosphorylated p53 and downregulation of Hif-1 expression in nucleus, decrease of VEGF production and impairment of capillary-like tube formation by the cells. Our data collectively suggest that AngII impairs myocardial angiogenetic responses through p53-dependent downregulation of Hif-1 which is regulated by Jagged1/Notch1 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzothiazoles/pharmacology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Collagen/chemistry
- Drug Combinations
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Infusion Pumps, Implantable
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Jagged-1 Protein
- Laminin/chemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Serrate-Jagged Proteins
- Signal Transduction
- Toluene/analogs & derivatives
- Toluene/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Guan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Gogna R, Madan E, Khan M, Pati U, Kuppusamy P. p53's choice of myocardial death or survival: Oxygen protects infarct myocardium by recruiting p53 on NOS3 promoter through regulation of p53-Lys(118) acetylation. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1662-83. [PMID: 24096875 PMCID: PMC3840484 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction, an irreversible cardiac tissue damage, involves progressive loss of cardiomyocytes due to p53-mediated apoptosis. Oxygenation is known to promote cardiac survival through activation of NOS3 gene. We hypothesized a dual role for p53, which, depending on oxygenation, can elicit apoptotic death signals or NOS3-mediated survival signals in the infarct heart. p53 exhibited a differential DNA-binding, namely, BAX-p53RE in the infarct heart or NOS3-p53RE in the oxygenated heart, which was regulated by oxygen-induced, post-translational modification of p53. In the infarct heart, p53 was heavily acetylated at Lys118 residue, which was exclusively reversed in the oxygenated heart, apparently regulated by oxygen-dependent expression of TIP60. The inhibition of Lys118 acetylation promoted the generation of NOS3-promoting prosurvival form of p53. Thus, oxygenation switches p53-DNA interaction by regulating p53 core-domain acetylation, promoting a prosurvival transcription activity of p53. Understanding this novel oxygen-p53 survival pathway will open new avenues in cardioprotection molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Gogna
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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