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Al-Oudah N, Alanazi S, Alotaibi SS, Alzahrani N. Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Scrotum. Case Rep Pathol 2023; 2023:7839846. [PMID: 38188535 PMCID: PMC10769634 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7839846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The report outlines a case of synovial sarcoma in the scrotal region. A 36-year-old male presented with a scrotal swelling. The lesion was completely resected, whereas the histopathologic examination revealed a spindle cell tumor. The tumor stained positive for pancytokeratin, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), TLE-1, CD99, and BCL-2. The cytogenetic testing showed a chromosomal translocation in the SS18 gene at 18q11.2, consistent with the diagnosis of primary synovial sarcoma. A year later, the patient developed liver, vertebrae, and lung metastasis, which was treated with systemic chemotherapy. Treatment failed to improve the hepatic lesion that was then resected, while the spine and lung lesions were followed by radiotherapy. The patient is now alive and subject to an outstanding follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourah Al-Oudah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alanazi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Saad Alotaibi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayef Alzahrani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Emadi Torghabe A, Ebrahimi R, Pishevar Feizabad Z. Primary synovial sarcoma of the prostate: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6394. [PMID: 36254152 PMCID: PMC9558583 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma arising from the prostate is extremely rare. Synovial sarcoma of the prostate is usually identified at a late stage and makes the treatment challenging. Here, we report a case of 30‐year‐old man with advanced metastatic synovial sarcoma of prostate gland at diagnosis and his poor prognosis. The diagnosis and treatment of SS of the prostate is challenging due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological data and low incidence. Treatment decisions are made based on local extension, tumor staging, and consideration of risk–benefit analysis and precise clinical and radiological follow‐up in terms of recurrence is mandatory.
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Kiefer J, Mutschler M, Kurz P, Stark GB, Bannasch H, Simunovic F. Accuracy of core needle biopsy for histologic diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1886. [PMID: 35115589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The biopsy technique of choice in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) diagnosis is controversial. We examined the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) and compared it to open incisional biopsy. A retrospective study included 91 incisional biopsies and 102 CNBs. A pair-match investigation was conducted on 19 patient pairs, comparing sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, we investigated the role of molecular pathology in sarcoma diagnostics. In 81/91 (89%) patients with incisional biopsy, the entity was confirmed by definitive pathology, whereas this was the case in 89/102 (87%) CNB patients (p = 0.52). Grading remained unchanged in 46/55 (84%) of incisional and 54/62 (87%) of CNBs (p = 0.61). The pair matched analysis showed that the correct entity was determined in 96% of incisional and 97.6% of core needle biopsies. The time between the initial consultation and the interdisciplinary tumor board's treatment recommendation was shorter in core needle biopsies (8.37 vs. 15.63 days; p < 0.002). Incisional biopsies led to two wound infections and one hematoma, whereas wound infection occurred in one patient after CNB. CNB leads to faster diagnosis while reaching the same histological accuracy and is less burdensome for patients. Still, surgeons need to remain aware of the possibility of biopsy failure.
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4
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Yoshida A, Arai Y, Satomi K, Kubo T, Ryo E, Matsushita Y, Hama N, Sudo K, Komiyama M, Yatabe Y, Shibata T, Ichikawa H, Ichimura K, Kawai A, Mori T. Identification of novel SSX1 fusions in synovial sarcoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:228-39. [PMID: 34504309 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is characterized by variable epithelial differentiation and specific SS18-SSX gene fusions. The diagnosis is primarily based on phenotype, but fusion gene detection is increasingly being considered indispensable, with SS18 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) being favored in many laboratories. However, SS18 FISH assay produces negative or atypical results in a minority of cases, leaving uncertainties in diagnosis and management. Here, we analyzed this challenging subset of SS18 FISH-negative/atypical synovial sarcoma using RNA sequencing and monoclonal antibodies that recognize SS18-SSX and the SSX C-terminus. Among 99 synovial sarcoma cases that were previously subjected to SS18 break-apart FISH, eight cases were reported as negative and three cases were indeterminate, owing to atypical signal patterns. Three of these 11 tumors (two monophasic and one biphasic) harbored novel EWSR1-SSX1 fusions, were negative for SS18-SSX staining, and were positive for SSX C-terminus staining. One monophasic tumor harbored a novel MN1-SSX1 fusion, and showed negative SS18-SSX expression and positive SSX C-terminus staining. Another monophasic tumor carried an SS18L1-SSX1 fusion, and was weakly positive for SS18-SSX, while SMARCB1 expression was reduced. The presence of these novel and/or rare fusions was confirmed using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. EWSR1-SSX1 was further validated by EWSR1 FISH assay. The remaining six tumors (five monophasic and one biphasic) showed strong SS18-SSX expression, and RNA sequencing successfully performed in three cases identified canonical SS18-SSX2 fusions. Based on a DNA methylation-based unsupervised clustering, the tumors with EWSR1-SSX1 and SS18L1-SSX1 clustered with synovial sarcoma, while the MN1-SSX1-positive tumor was not co-clustered despite classic histology and immunoprofile. In summary, we discovered novel and rare SSX1 fusions to non-SS18 genes in synovial sarcoma. The expanded genetic landscape carries significant diagnostic implications and advances our understanding of the oncogenic mechanism.
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Reimers MA, Sehn JK, Van Tine BA, Smith ZL. Primary Prostatic Synovial Sarcoma With Pulmonary Metastases Identified by Routine Next-Generation Sequencing. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:1133-1140. [PMID: 34994631 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Reimers
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Jennifer K Sehn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | - Zachary L Smith
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.,Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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7
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Gockel I, Hartmann W, Köhler H, Leonhardi J, Heyn S, Thieme R. [Epigastric pain in "gastric tumors" : The hummingbird among the differential diagnoses]. Chirurg 2021. [PMID: 34665283 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Tay TKY, Sukma NB, Lim TH, Kuick CH, Goh JY, Chang KTE. Correlating SS18-SSX immunohistochemistry (IHC) with SS18 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in synovial sarcomas: a study of 36 cases. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:785-793. [PMID: 34091760 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced, highly sensitive and specific SS18-SSX immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an attractive alternative to SS18 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing in synovial sarcoma (SS). However, little is known about how SS18-SSX IHC correlates with SS18 FISH. We correlated the SS18 FISH results of SS from 36 patients with SS18-SSX IHC. Twenty-six tumours had a classic break-apart FISH pattern (1 fused, 1 red and 1 green signal) and all stained positive for the IHC. Ten had an atypical (non-classic) FISH pattern of which 5 stained positive for the IHC. Four of these (including two with novel atypical SS18 FISH patterns) were confirmed to harbour the SS18-SSX fusion on targeted RNA sequencing, while one had classic features of a biphasic SS. The remaining 5 tumours stained negative for the IHC. One had a TPM3-NTRK1 fusion, and one had no fusion, while the remaining three had insufficient tissue/RNA for sequencing. The sensitivity of the IHC was 91% (after excluding the 2 cases with confirmed absence of SS18-SSX fusion). Twenty histologic mimics of SS also stained negative for the IHC (100% specificity). Our study shows that the SS18-SSX IHC is more specific than SS18 FISH in diagnosing SS, especially in cases with atypical FISH patterns. It correlates well with RNA sequencing result and has the potential to replace SS18 FISH testing. A positive IHC result supports the diagnosis of SS, while a tumour with atypical FISH pattern and negative IHC result should undergo further molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Diagnostic Tower Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nadiah Binte Sukma
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Diagnostic Tower Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Tse Hui Lim
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Yuan Goh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare cancer that disproportionately affects children and young adults. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are proteins that are expressed early in embryonic development, but generally not expressed in normal tissue. They are aberrantly expressed in many different cancer types and are an attractive therapeutic target for immunotherapies. CTAs are expressed at high levels in SS. This high level of CTA expression makes SS an ideal cancer for treatment strategies aimed at harnessing the immune system to recognize aberrant CTA expression and fight against the cancer. Pivotal clinical trials are now underway, with the potential to dramatically alter the landscape of SS management and treatment from current standards of care. In this review, we describe the rationale for targeting CTAs in SS with a focus on NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4, the current state of vaccine and T-cell receptor-based therapies, and consider emerging opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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10
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Tran V, Slavin J. Molecular Genetics in the Multidisciplinary Management of Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9414-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Tran V, Slavin J. Soft Tissue Tumour Pathology. Sarcoma 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9414-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Fattorini P, Forzato C, Tierno D, De Martino E, Azzalini E, Canzonieri V, Stanta G, Bonin S. A Novel HPLC-Based Method to Investigate on RNA after Fixation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207540. [PMID: 33066070 PMCID: PMC7588918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA isolated from fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues is widely used in biomedical research and molecular pathology for diagnosis. In the present study, we have set-up a method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the effects of different fixatives on RNA. By the application of the presented method, which is based on the Nuclease S1 enzymatic digestion of RNA extracts followed by a HPLC analysis, it is possible to quantify the unmodified nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs) in the mixture and recognize their hydroxymethyl derivatives as well as other un-canonical RNA moieties. The results obtained from a set of mouse livers fixed/embedded with different protocols as well from a set of clinical samples aged 0 to 30 years-old show that alcohol-based fixatives do not induce chemical modification of the nucleic acid under ISO standard recommendations and confirm that pre-analytical conditions play a major role in RNA preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fattorini
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Forzato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Domenico Tierno
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
- Doctorate of Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Martino
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Eros Azzalini
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Serena Bonin
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.F.); (D.T.); (E.D.M.); (E.A.); (V.C.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-399-3266
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El Beaino M, Rassy E, Hadid B, Araujo DM, Pavlidis N, Lin PP. Synovial Sarcoma: A Complex Disease with Multifaceted Signaling and Epigenetic Landscapes. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:124. [PMID: 33025259 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aside from a characteristic SS18-SSX translocation identified in almost all cases, no genetic anomalies have been reliably isolated yet to drive the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma. In the following review, we explore the structural units of wild-type SS18 and SSX, particularly as they relate to the transcriptional alterations and cellular pathway changes imposed by SS18-SSX. RECENT FINDINGS Native SS18 and SSX contribute recognizable domains to the SS18-SSX chimeric proteins, which inflict transcriptional and epigenetic changes through selective protein interactions involving the SWI/SNF and Polycomb chromatin remodeling complexes. Multiple oncogenic and developmental pathways become altered, collectively reprogramming the cellular origin of synovial sarcoma and promoting its malignant transformation. Synovial sarcoma is characterized by complex epigenetic and signaling landscapes. Identifying the operational pathways and concomitant genetic changes induced by SS18-SSX fusions could help develop tailored therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve disease control and patient survivorship.
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Zhang GY, Ma ZJ, Wang L, Sun RF, Jiang XY, Yang XJ, Long B, Ye HL, Zhang SZ, Yu ZY, Shi WG, Jiao ZY. The Role of Shcbp1 in Signaling and Disease. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:854-862. [PMID: 31250756 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190620114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Src homolog and collagen homolog (Shc) proteins have been identified as adapter proteins associated with cell surface receptors and have been shown to play important roles in signaling and disease. Shcbp1 acts as a Shc SH2-domain binding protein 1 and is involved in the regulation of signaling pathways, such as FGF, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β1/Smad and β -catenin signaling. Shcbp1 participates in T cell development, the regulation of downstream signal transduction pathways, and cytokinesis during mitosis and meiosis. In addition, Shcbp1 has been demonstrated to correlate with Burkitt-like lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, gliomas, synovial sarcoma, human hepatocellular carcinoma and other diseases. Shcbp1 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. Accordingly, recent studies are reviewed herein to discuss and interpret the role of Shcbp1 in normal cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis and progression, as well as its interactions with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Fei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Xu-Juan Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Li Ye
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Gui Shi
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Di Mauro I, Mescam-Mancini L, Chetaille B, Lae M, Pierron G, Dadone-Montaudie B, Bazin A, Bouvier C, Michiels JF, Pedeutour F. MDM2 amplification and fusion gene ss18-ssx in a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: A rare but puzzling conjunction. Neoplasia 2020; 22:311-321. [PMID: 32559641 PMCID: PMC7303914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of specific alterations by genetic analyses has been included in the diagnostic criterions of the World Health Organization's classification of soft tissues tumors since 2013. The presence of a SS18 rearrangement is pathognomonic of synovial sarcoma (SS). MDM2 amplification is strongly correlated to well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) in the context of sarcoma. We identified one case of poorly differentiated sarcoma harboring both SS18-SSX2 fusion and MDM2 amplification. The review of the literature showed high discrepancies, concerning the incidence of MDM2 amplification in SS: from 1.4% up to 40%. Our goal was to precisely determine the specific clinico-pathological features of this case and to estimate the frequency and characteristics of the association of SS18-SSX fusion/MDM2 amplification in sarcomas. We performed a retrospective and prospective study in 96 sarcomas, (56 SS and 40 DDLPS), using FISH and/or array-CGH to detect MDM2 amplification and SS18 rearrangement. None of the 96 cases presented both genetic alterations. Among the SS, only the index case (1/57: 1.7 %) presented the double anomaly. We concluded that MDM2 amplification in SS is a very rare event. The final diagnosis of the index case was a SS with SS18-SSX2 and MDM2 amplification as a secondary alteration. If the detection of MDM2 amplification is performed first in a poorly differentiated sarcoma, that may lead to not search other anomalies such as SS18 rearrangement and therefore to an erroneous diagnosis. This observation emphasizes the strong complementarity between histomorphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies in sarcoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Di Mauro
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | | | - Bruno Chetaille
- Department of Cancer Biology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Marick Lae
- Department of Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Henri Becquerel Center, INSERM U1245, UniRouen Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | | | - Bérengère Dadone-Montaudie
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France; Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Bazin
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- Department of Pathology, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France.
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16
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Asadbeigi SN, Zhang L, Linos K. Subcutaneous desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: An unusual primary location expanding the differential of superficial round-cell tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:768-775. [PMID: 32249945 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive malignant tumor, which in the great majority of cases arises at abdominal-pelvic sites. Nevertheless, rare cases of primary extra-abdominal tumors have been reported. In challenging cases, its molecular hallmark, the EWSR1-WT1 reciprocal translocation, can be exploited diagnostically by various molecular techniques. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of primary subcutaneous DSRCT in an effort to raise awareness among our dermatopathology colleagues by expanding the differential of superficial round-cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh N Asadbeigi
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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17
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Occidental M, Shen G, Feng X, Zhu K, Kelly K, Nie Q, Reddi HV, Lakiotaki E, Viniou NA, Korkolopoulou P, Linos K, Jour G. Novel CTNND2-TERT fusion in a spindle cell liposarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:544-548. [PMID: 32352179 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors can be categorized molecularly into two categories: tumors which are known to have recurrent molecular alterations and tumors which do not have consistent recurrent molecular alterations or translocations. These "nontranslocation" associated sarcomas are clinically more aggressive than their more stable counterparts. However, recent advances in RNA sequencing have discovered recurrent novel fusions within the latter group, namely TERT-TRIO fusions. Furthermore, a recent report discovered this fusion in a spindle cell liposarcoma. Our case describes a novel fusion of CTNND2, a neighbor gene of TRIO, and TERT in a spindle cell liposarcoma, and provides further evidence that spindle cell liposarcoma should be a distinct entity from dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Occidental
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qian Nie
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Honey V Reddi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora Athina Viniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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Sotiriou S, Kotoula V, Raptou G, Pantelaion V, Hytiroglou P. Primary Subcutaneous Spindle Cell Synovial Sarcoma: First Reported Case. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:384-386. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kagawa Y, Kitaguchi S, Konishi H, Hashimoto K, Norihito O, Mizumoto T, Nishino R, Sugahara F. Primary advanced pulmonary synovial sarcoma treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Int Cancer Conf J 2020; 9:72-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s13691-020-00399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Le Guellec S, Le Loarer F. [Soft tissue tumor with spindle cell features]. Ann Pathol 2020; 40:269-274. [PMID: 32147193 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Guellec
- Institut Claudius-Regaud, Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole (IUC-T), Toulouse, France.
| | - François Le Loarer
- Institut Bergonié, département de biopathologie, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
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El Beaino M, Jupiter DC, Assi T, Rassy E, Lazar AJ, Araujo DM, Lin PP. Diagnostic Value of TLE1 in Synovial Sarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sarcoma 2020; 2020:7192347. [PMID: 32322158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7192347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial sarcoma can present morphologically in multiple forms, including biphasic and monophasic subtypes. As a result, the histological diagnosis can sometimes be challenging. Transducin-Like Enhancer 1 (TLE1) is a transcriptional corepressor that normally is involved in embryogenesis and hematopoiesis but is also expressed in certain tumors. This systematic review examines the potential role of TLE1 as a diagnostic biomarker for the synovial sarcoma. Materials and Methods. A literature review and meta-analysis were conducted using the electronic databases Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Thirteen studies met our eligibility criteria and were selected for in-depth analysis. Results The mean sensitivity and specificity of TLE1 in detecting synovial sarcoma were 94% (95% CI 91%-97%) and 81% (95% CI 72%-91%), respectively, when all studies were aggregated together. The mean positive predictive value (PPV) of TLE1 was 75% (95% CI 62%-87%), whereas the negative predictive value (NPV) was 96% (95% CI 93%-98%). Conclusion TLE1 is a sensitive and specific marker for synovial sarcoma that can aid in its diagnosis. Due to its involvement in several relevant signaling pathways, TLE1 might have direct relevance to the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Azzalini E, De Martino E, Fattorini P, Canzonieri V, Stanta G, Bonin S. Reliability of miRNA Analysis from Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194819. [PMID: 31569791 PMCID: PMC6801416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, patients’ tissues are fixed and paraffin-embedded in order to enable histological diagnosis. Nowadays, those tissues are also used for molecular characterization. Formalin is the most used fixative worldwide, and Bouin’s solution in some worldwide institutions. Among molecular targets, micro RNAs (miRNAs), the single-stranded non-coding RNAs comprised of 18 to 24 nucleotides, have been demonstrated to be resistant to fixation and paraffin-embedding processes, with consequent possible application in clinical practice. In the present study, let-7e-5p, miR-423-3p, miR-92a-1-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-200a-3p, and miR-429 were investigated in formalin and matched Bouin’s solution-fixed tissues of high grade serous ovarian cancers by means of real-time and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Micro RNAs were detectable and analyzable in both formalin- and Bouin’s-fixed specimens, but on average, higher Ct values and lower copies/µL were found in Bouin’s-fixed samples. Data from formalin-fixed samples correlated significantly for most targets with Bouin’s ones, except for let-7e-5p and miR-155-5p. This study shows that miRNAs are analyzable in both formalin- and Bouin’s-fixed specimens, with the possibility, after proper data normalization, to compare miRNA-based data from formalin-fixed samples to those of Bouin’s-fixed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Azzalini
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
- Doctorate of Nanotechnology-University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Eleonora De Martino
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Serena Bonin
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences-University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Lordello L, Bur ME, Oliva E, Lennerz JK. PAX8-positive Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma Expressing Hormonal Receptors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:e71-e74. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dermawan JKT, Policarpio‐Nicolas MLC. Cytological findings of monophasic synovial sarcoma presenting as a lung mass: report of a case and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:948-955. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khan M, Rankin KS, Todd R, Lethbridge E, Gerrand C. Surgical excision and not chemotherapy is the most powerful modality in treating synovial sarcoma: the UK's North East experience. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:443-449. [PMID: 30406818 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-3059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We reviewed our experience of synovial sarcoma to identify factors predictive of local recurrence and overall survival, the impact of chemotherapy and outcomes after surgical excision alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 patients were treated between 1997 and 2014 of mean age 39 years (8-78). Tumours were in the extremity in 55 (67%). 9 patients presented with metastases and 10 with unresectable disease. Mean follow-up was 3.7 years (SD 3.8). Treatment groups were palliative, surgery only, surgery and radiotherapy, or surgery with chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy). RESULTS Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 73% at 5 years, and 68% at 10 and 15 years. In multivariate analysis, positive surgical margins were an independent predictor of LRFS. Overall survival (OS) was 50% at 5 years for all patients, and 62% at 5 years for those treated with curative intent. Larger tumour size and non-extremity locations were predictors of poorer OS. Patients who had chemotherapy did not have significantly better OS or LRS than others. INTERPRETATION These results show that where feasible, curative resection should not be delayed for chemotherapy. Treatment with surgery only can be associated with good outcomes in selected patients with smaller extremity tumours; although our series is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Khan
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University/PIMS Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Radha Todd
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Craig Gerrand
- London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
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Anderson WJ, Hornick JL. Immunohistochemical correlates of recurrent genetic alterations in sarcomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:111-123. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Anderson
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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Chebib I, Jo VY. Application of ancillary studies in soft tissue cytology using a pattern‐based approach. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126 Suppl 8:691-710. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chebib
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Vickie Y. Jo
- Department of Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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García-Ortega DY, Álvarez-Cano A, Sánchez-Llamas LA, Caro-Sanchez CHS, Martínez-Said H, Luna-Ortiz K, Cuéllar-Hübbe M. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is associated with survival in synovial sarcoma. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:551-555. [PMID: 30217318 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor, more common in adolescents and young adults and entails a poor prognosis. Several good prognostic factors have been well established such as age less than 25, size less than 5 cm and absence of a poorly differentiated component. Inflammation has a well-established role in tumor proliferation and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a large cohort of synovial sarcoma patients. METHODS Retrospective study of 169 consecutive patients. We analyzed the relation of preoperative NLR on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional models. RESULTS Of the 169 patients included, there were 90(53.3%) females and 79(46.7%) males. Median age was 32yo (11-73). Median survival was 34.1 and mean disease-free survival was 21.4 months. Mean tumor size was 12.5 cm (1.2-77 cm). Applying receiver operating curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value of 3.5. In univariate and multivariate analysis, increased NLR was significantly associated with poor OS. A <3.5 NLR was an independent prognostic factor in all stages (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS NLR >3.5 was found to be a reliable prognostic factor in this cohort. Given its widespread availability, we believe it's use in clinical practice and further clinical trials should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Cuéllar-Hübbe
- Departent of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Mexico City, Mexico
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Terra SB, Aesif SW, Maleszewski JJ, Folpe AL, Boland JM. Mediastinal Synovial Sarcoma: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 21 Cases With Molecular Confirmation. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:761-6. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pan M, Merchant M. Risk Factors Including Age, Stage and Anatomic Location that Impact the Outcomes of Patients with Synovial Sarcoma. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E21. [PMID: 29509716 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma that inflicts mostly children and young adults with high mortality rate; however, the risk factors that impact the outcomes remain incompletely understood. We have identified the synovial sarcoma cases from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California cancer registry between 1981 and 2014. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to display disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS); log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the impact of clinical factors on DFS, OS, and disease-specific survival. Tumor size > 5.0 cm and age > 50 years were associated with higher risk of presenting with stage IV disease. Median OS for patients with stage IV was 1.3 years and 7.8 years for early-stage disease. For patients with early-stage disease, tumor size > 5.0 cm was significantly associated with worse DFS, sarcoma-specific morality, and OS. Compared to extremity primary, patients with head and neck and trunk primary had approximately three-fold higher sarcoma-specific mortality and lower OS. There was no significant difference in DFS or OS among three histologic subtypes. Pre-operative and/or post-operative chemotherapy was not associated with improvement in DFS or OS. Twenty-six patients relapsed with predominantly lung metastasis, thirteen of whom received metastatectomy with a median OS of 7.8 years, compared to 2.3 years for patients who did not receive metastatectomy. In conclusion, age older than 50 years and tumor size > 5.0 cm are risk factors for presenting with stage IV disease. For early-stage patients, trunk and head and neck primary as well as tumor size > 5.0 cm are risk factors for decreased OS.
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Letovanec I, Finn S, Zygoura P, Smyth P, Soltermann A, Bubendorf L, Speel EJ, Marchetti A, Nonaka D, Monkhorst K, Hager H, Martorell M, Sejda A, Cheney R, Hernandez-Losa J, Verbeken E, Weder W, Savic S, Di Lorito A, Navarro A, Felip E, Warth A, Baas P, Meldgaard P, Blackhall F, Dingemans AM, Dienemann H, Dziadziuszko R, Vansteenkiste J, O'Brien C, Geiger T, Sherlock J, Schageman J, Dafni U, Kammler R, Kerr K, Thunnissen E, Stahel R, Peters S. Evaluation of NGS and RT-PCR Methods for ALK Rearrangement in European NSCLC Patients: Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape Project. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:413-425. [PMID: 29191776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reported prevalence of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement in NSCLC ranges from 2% to 7%. The primary standard diagnostic method is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has also proved to be a reproducible and sensitive technique. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has also been advocated, and most recently, the advent of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for ALK and other fusions has become possible. This study compares anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) evaluation with all four techniques in resected NSCLC from the large European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape cohort. METHODS A total of 96 cases from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape iBiobank, with any ALK immunoreactivity were examined by FISH, central RT-PCR, and NGS. An H-score higher than 120 defines IHC positivity. RNA was extracted from the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. For RT-PCR, primers covered the most frequent ALK translocations. For NGS, the Oncomine Solid Tumour Fusion Transcript Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) was used. The concordance was assessed using the Cohen κ coefficient (two-sided α ≤ 5%). RESULTS NGS provided results for 77 of the 95 cases tested (81.1%), whereas RT-PCR provided results for 77 of 96 (80.2%). Concordance occurred in 55 cases of the 60 cases tested with all four methods (43 ALK negative and 12 ALK positive). Using ALK copositivity for IHC and FISH as the criterion standard, we derived a sensitivity for RT-PCR/NGS of 70.0%/85.0%, with a specificity of 87.1%/79.0%. When either RT-PCR or NGS was combined with IHC, the sensitivity remained the same, whereas the specificity increased to 88.7% and 83.9% respectively. CONCLUSION NGS evaluation with the Oncomine Solid Tumour Fusion transcript kit and RT-PCR proved to have high sensitivity and specificity, advocating their use in routine practice. For maximal sensitivity and specificity, ALK status should be assessed by using two techniques and a third one in discordant cases. We therefore propose a customizable testing algorithm. These findings significantly influence existing testing paradigms and have clear clinical and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst-Jan Speel
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predicitve Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Histopathology, The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Di Lorito
- Center of Predicitve Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebrone University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, The Chrisite NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cathal O'Brien
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Geiger
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jon Sherlock
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | | | - Urania Dafni
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas & University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Keith Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Stahel
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Peng C, Zhao H, Chen W, Song Y, Wang X, Li J, Qiao Y, Wu D, Ma S, Wang X, Gao C. Identification of SHCBP1 as a novel downstream target gene of SS18-SSX1 and its functional analysis in progression of synovial sarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66822-66834. [PMID: 27572315 PMCID: PMC5341840 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The SS18-SSX1 fusion gene has been shown to play important roles in the development of synovial sarcoma (SS), but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its downstream target genes are still not clear. Here SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) was identified and validated to be a novel downstream target gene of SS18-SSX1 by using microarray assay, quantitative real-time (qPCR) and western blot. Expression of SHCBP1 was firstly confirmed in SS cell line and SS tissues. The effects of SHCBP1 overexpression or knockdown on SS cell proliferation and tumorigenicity were then studied by cell proliferation, DNA replication, colony formation, flow cytometric assays, and its in vivo tumorigenesis was determined in the nude mice. Meanwhile, the related signaling pathways of SHCBP1 were also examined in SS cells. The results indicated that SHCBP1 was significantly increased in SS cells and SS tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The expression of SHCBP1 was demonstrated to be positively correlated with the SS18-SSX1 level. Overexpression and ablation of SHCBP1 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the proliferation and tumorigenicity of SS cells in vitro. SHCBP1 knockdown also significantly inhibited SS cell growth in nude mice, and lowered the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and cyclin D1 expression. Our findings disclose that SHCBP1 is a novel downstream target gene of SS18-SSX1, and demonstrate that the oncogene SS18-SSX1 promotes tumorigenesis by increasing the expression of SHCBP1, which normally acts as a tumor promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- Nephrology Research Institute, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shengzhong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, China
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Abstract
The SMARCB1 gene ( INI1, BAF47) is a member of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. SMARCB1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of function of both alleles gives rise to SMARCB1-deficient tumors. The prototypical SMARCB1-deficient tumor is the malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) which was first described in the kidney but also occurs in soft tissue, viscera, and the brain (where it is referred to as atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor or AT/RT). These are overwhelmingly tumors of the very young, and most follow an aggressive and ultimately lethal course. Morphologically, most but not all contain a population of "rhabdoid" cells, which are large cells with abundant cytoplasm, perinuclear spherical inclusions, and eccentric vesicular nuclei with large inclusion-like nucleoli. MRT immunohistochemistry reveals complete loss of SMARCB1 nuclear expression, and molecular analysis confirms biallelic SMARCB1 inactivation in the vast majority. Rare AT/RTs have loss of SMARCA4, another SWI/SNF member, rather than SMARCB1. With the widespread adoption of SMARCB1 immunohistochemistry, an increasing number of SMARCB1-deficient tumors outside of the MRT-AT/RT spectrum have been described. In addition to MRT and AT/RT, pediatric tumors with complete loss of SMARCB1 expression include cribriform neuroepithelial tumor, renal medullary carcinoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. Tumors with variable loss of SMARCB1 expression include subsets of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, schwannomas arising in schwannomatosis, subsets of chordomas, myoepithelial carcinomas, and sinonasal carcinomas. Variable and reduced expression of SMARCB1 is characteristic of synovial sarcoma. In this review, the historical background, clinical characteristics, morphology, immunohistochemical features, and molecular genetics most germane to these tumors are summarized. In addition, familial occurrence of these tumors (the rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome) is discussed. It is hoped that this review may provide practical guidance to pathologists encountering tumors that have altered expression of SMARCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Pawel
- 1 Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Chrisinger JSA, Salem UI, Kindblom LG, Amini B, Hansson M, Meis JM. Synovial Sarcoma of Peripheral Nerves: Analysis of 15 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1087-96. [PMID: 28498283 DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma of peripheral nerve (SSPN) is rare with only 26 cases reported in English. SSPN is often mistaken for a benign or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) by clinicians and pathologists. Fifteen cases of SSPN were retrieved from the pathology files of 3 institutions. All tumors arose in a nerve based on imaging and/or operative findings and the diagnoses were histologically confirmed. Neuropathic symptoms predominated in 11 women and 4 men, 19- to 62-year-old (median, 39 years) with tumors involving the ulnar (5), median (3), peroneal (3) or sciatic (2) nerve, or the L4 or T1 nerve root (2). Tumor sizes ranged from 2 to 13 cm (median, 3.8 cm). The leading clinical diagnosis was PNST (9). Treatment was surgical (14) supplemented with radiation therapy (8) and chemotherapy (6). Fourteen tumors were monophasic and 1 was biphasic; 4 had poorly differentiated (PD) foci (1 rhabdoid). Diagnoses in 12 cases were verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or both methods. Follow-up in 14 patients (median, 32 mo) revealed that 2/4 patients with PD tumors died with pulmonary metastases; another was alive with no current evidence of disease (NED) following 2 local recurrences, while the fourth had NED. In contrast, 9/10 patients without PD tumors were alive (7 NED) and 1 died at 12 months with pulmonary infiltrates. SSPN is under-recognized clinically and histologically as it mimics benign and malignant PNST. Molecular analysis is recommended to confirm the diagnosis. PD foci, including rhabdoid areas, may portend a worse outcome, similar to non-neural-based tumors.
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El Beaino M, Araujo DM, Lazar AJ, Lin PP. Synovial Sarcoma: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Identification of New Biologic Targets to Improve Multimodal Therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2145-2154. [PMID: 28397189 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a translocation-associated soft-tissue malignancy that frequently affects adolescents and young adults. It is driven by one of the fusion oncoproteins SS18-SSX1, SS18-SSX2, or rarely, SS18-SSX4. Prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is generally poor, and newer therapeutic strategies are needed. In this review, we present recent discoveries in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of synovial sarcoma. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc El Beaino
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology - Unit 1448, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dejka M Araujo
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick P Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology - Unit 1448, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Haroon Al Rasheed MR, Acosta A, Tarjan G. Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma/noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features with Spindle Cell Metaplasia: Case report and review of literature. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:416-421. [PMID: 28216141 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the thyroid are rare overall, and span a wide clinical spectrum that ranges from spindle cell metaplasia (SCM1) to anaplastic carcinoma. Their differentiation is only seldom straightforward, and usually requires the integration of the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical data. Only a handful of publications have described cases of SCM in the thyroid and we add to that literature by reporting a unique case of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma/noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features with SCM. In addition, we review the literature on the relationship between SCM and different thyroid lesions, summarizing the morphological and immunohistochemical features that aid in its differentiation from more aggressive spindle cell proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres Acosta
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 130 CSN, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Gabor Tarjan
- Department of Pathology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Maleki S, Cajigas A, Moss J, Ramesh KH, Khader S. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of prostate synovial sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:168-172. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maleki
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | - Antonio Cajigas
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | - Jason Moss
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
| | | | - Samer Khader
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; New York
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Delespaul L, Lesluyes T, Pérot G, Brulard C, Lartigue L, Baud J, Lagarde P, Le Guellec S, Neuville A, Terrier P, Vince-Ranchère D, Schmidt S, Debant A, Coindre JM, Chibon F. Recurrent TRIO Fusion in Nontranslocation–Related Sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:857-867. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prieto-Granada CN, Wiesner T, Messina JL, Jungbluth AA, Chi P, Antonescu CR. Loss of H3K27me3 Expression Is a Highly Sensitive Marker for Sporadic and Radiation-induced MPNST. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:479-89. [PMID: 26645727 DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) exhibit combined inactivation of NF1, CDKN2A, and polycomb repressive complex 2 component genes (Embryonic Ectoderm Development [EED] and Suppressor of Zeste 12 [SUZ12]). Mutations in EED and SUZ12 induce loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), with subsequent aberrant transcriptional activation of polycomb repressive complex 2-repressed homeobox master regulators. These findings prompted us to investigate the performance of an anti-H3K27me3 monoclonal antibody clone C36B11 as an immunohistochemical marker for MPNSTs. We assessed the C36B11 reactivity pattern in a pathologically and genetically well-characterized cohort of 68 MPNSTs, spanning various clinical presentations, such as type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), radiotherapy, and sporadic MPNSTs. We found that 69% (n=47) of all MPNSTs demonstrated loss of H3K27me3 expression, with 42 (61%) showing complete loss and 5 (7%) showing partial loss, whereas 31% (n=21) retained H3K27me3 expression. Among the NF1-related high-grade MPNSTs, 60% demonstrated loss of expression. In contrast, the majority of both sporadic (95%) and radiotherapy-related (91%) MPNSTs showed loss of H3K27me3 expression. Two of the 3 low-grade MPNSTs and all neurofibromas showed retained expression. Furthermore, all 5 epithelioid MPNSTs retained H3K27me3 labeling. The specificity of H3K27me3 loss as a marker for MPNSTs was studied by testing a large spectrum of lesions included in MPNST differential diagnosis, such as spindle/desmoplastic melanomas, synovial sarcomas, myoepithelial tumors, and other mesenchymal neoplasms, all of which retained expression of H3K27me3. We conclude that immunohistochemical analysis of H3K27me3 has good sensitivity and robust specificity for the diagnosis of MPNST, particularly outside of NF1 clinical history, which represents the most challenging diagnostic setting.
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Thway K, Wren D, Lee J, Thompson L, Fisher C, Gonzalez D. Evaluation of the optimal provision of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material for reverse transcription-PCR in soft-tissue tumour diagnosis. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:20-24. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AimsMolecular genetic analysis is now a routine ancillary diagnostic modality to the histopathological diagnosis of soft-tissue neoplasms, many of which harbour characteristic gene fusions detectable by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). As the final diagnosis often depends on the molecular result, it is important to obtain the optimal yield of patient RNA.MethodsWe assessed the most reliable method of providing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material for optimal RNA yield by comparing three consecutive periods in which different preparations (5×10 μm scrolls, 5×5 μm sections and 1×10 μm sections) were used for RNA extraction for RT-PCR, with its technical success rate.ResultsFor ‘2011’, ‘2012’ and ‘2013’, RT-PCR technical failure rates were 13.4%, 4.4% and 7.9%, respectively. The percentage of failed referral cases was 71.4%, 85.7% and 31.3%, and the proportion of core biopsy to excision specimens was 3:15, 2:5 and 13:3.ConclusionsThis study shows that the effectiveness of RNA extraction and purification is dependent on both specimen type and the tissue sectioning strategy. The failure rate has improved over recent years, particularly for large specimens as large numbers of thick 10 μm scrolls can saturate RNA extraction columns. In contrast, recent technical fails are more frequent in core biopsies, where 1×10 μm sections are insufficient for adequate RNA extraction. While previous technical fails occurred mostly in referred cases, this appears no longer the case due to the better fixation and processing of specimens in external surgical pathology departments because of the widespread recognition of the importance of molecular diagnostics as an important part of the patient pathway.
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Italiano A, Di Mauro I, Rapp J, Pierron G, Auger N, Alberti L, Chibon F, Escande F, Voegeli AC, Ghnassia JP, Keslair F, Laé M, Ranchère-Vince D, Terrier P, Baffert S, Coindre JM, Pedeutour F. Clinical effect of molecular methods in sarcoma diagnosis (GENSARC): a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:532-538. [PMID: 26970672 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in molecular genetics of sarcoma have enabled the identification of type-specific aberrations. We aimed to assess the clinical effect of systematic implementation of molecular assays to improve sarcoma misdiagnosis. METHODS In this multicentre, observational study, we recruited patients from 32 centres of the French Sarcoma Group/Reference Network in Pathology of Sarcomas. Eligibility criteria included: biopsy or surgical resection; suspicion of: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (cohort 1), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (cohort 2), Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (cohort 3), synovial sarcoma (cohort 4), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (cohort 5), and myxoid or round cell liposarcoma (cohort 6); review by one sarcoma-expert pathologist; availability of frozen material (except for cohort 1 of patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans because anti-CD34 immunohistochemistry is performed on paraffin-embedded tissue); and patient information. For each case, the pathologist made one primary diagnosis followed by up to two differential diagnoses, based on histological characteristics only. Each diagnosis was classified as certain, probable, or possible. For each case to determine the molecular classification, we did fluorescence in-situ hybridisation on paraffin-embedded samples. We also did comparative genomic hybridisation and quantitative PCR (cohort 2) or reverse transcriptase PCR (cohorts 3-6) on frozen and paraffin-embedded samples. We made a final diagnosis based on the molecular results. The clinical effect of diagnosis correction was assessed by a board of experts. FINDING Between June 22, 2009, and Oct 30, 2012, 395 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 384 were eligible for inclusion. The diagnosis was eventually modified by molecular genetics for 53 patients: eight (16%) of 50 patients with dermatofibrosarcoma (cohort 1), seven (23%) of 30 patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (cohort 2), 13 (12%) of 112 with Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (cohort 3), 16 (16%) of 97 patients with synovial sarcoma (cohort 4), seven (15%) of 46 patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (cohort 5), and two (4%) of 49 patients with myxoid or round cell liposarcoma (cohort 6), with an effect on primary management or prognosis assessment in 45 cases. INTERPRETATION Molecular genetic testing should be mandatory for diagnostic accuracy of sarcoma and appropriate clinical management, even when histological diagnosis is made by pathologist experts in this field. FUNDING French National Cancer Institute and Nice University Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Bergonie Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Ilaria Di Mauro
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Jocelyn Rapp
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Nice, France
| | | | - Nathalie Auger
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Frédéric Chibon
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, INSERM U916, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabienne Escande
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Claire Voegeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Frédérique Keslair
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Terrier
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Coindre
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, INSERM U916, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Nice, France
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Smith SM, Coleman J, Bridge JA, Iwenofu OH. Molecular diagnostics in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:520-31. [PMID: 25772665 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant heterogenous tumors of mesenchymal origin with over fifty subtypes. The use of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (and immunohistochemistry) in the morphologic assessment of these tumors has been the bane of clinical diagnosis until recently. The last decade has witnessed considerable progress in the understanding and application of molecular techniques in refining the current understanding of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors beyond the limits of traditional approaches. Indeed, the identification of reciprocal chromosomal translocations and fusion genes in some subsets of sarcomas with potential implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment has been revolutionary. The era of molecular targeted therapy presents a platform that continues to drive biomarker discovery and personalized medicine in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this review, we highlight how the different molecular techniques have enhanced the diagnosis of these tumors with prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Smith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Zhuang KD, Tandon AA, Ho BCS, Chong BK. MRI features of soft-tissue lumps and bumps. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:e568-83. [PMID: 25256016 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K D Zhuang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
| | - A A Tandon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - B C S Ho
- Department of Pathology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - B K Chong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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de Souza RR, Oliveira ID, del Giúdice Paniago M, Yaoita FHK, Caran EMM, Macedo CRPD, Petrilli AS, Abib SDCV, de Seixas Alves MT, de Toledo SRC. Investigation of IGF2, Hedgehog and fusion gene expression profiles in pediatric sarcomas. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:130-136. [PMID: 24846856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The childhood sarcomas are malignant tumors with high mortality rates. They are divided into two genetic categories: a category without distinct pattern karyotypic changes and the other category showing unique translocations that originate gene rearrangements. This category includes rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and synovial sarcoma (SS). Diverse studies have related development genes, such as; IGF2, IHH, PTCH1 and GLI1 and sarcomatogenesis. OBJECTIVE To characterize the RMS, ES and SS rearrangements, we quantify the expression of IGF2 IHH, PTCH1 and GLI1 genes and correlate molecular data with clinical parameters of patients. DESIGN We analyzed 29 RMS, 10 SS and 60 ES tumor samples by RT-PCR (polymerase chain reaction-reverse transcription) and qPCR (quantitative PCR). RESULTS Among the samples of ARMS, 50% had rearrangements of PAX3/7-FOXO1, 60% of ES samples were EWS-FLI1 positive and 90% of SS samples were positive for SS18-SSX1/2. In relation to the control reference samples (QPCR Human Reference Total RNA-Stratagene, Human Skeletal Muscle Total RNA-Ambion, Universal RNA Human Normal Tissues-Ambion), RMS samples showed a high IGF2 gene expression (p<0.0001). Moreover, ES samples showed a low IGF2 gene expression (p<0.0001) and high IHH (p<0.0001), PTCH1 (p=0.0173) and GLI1 (p=0.0113) gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS The molecular characterization of IGF and Hedgehog pathway in these pediatric sarcomas may collaborate to enable a better understanding of the biological behavior of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Ramos de Souza
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Indhira Dias Oliveira
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mario del Giúdice Paniago
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Hideki Kato Yaoita
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Maria Monteiro Caran
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Sergio Petrilli
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Simone de Campos Vieira Abib
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa de Seixas Alves
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cerrone M, Cantile M, Collina F, Marra L, Liguori G, Franco R, De Chiara A, Botti G. Molecular strategies for detecting chromosomal translocations in soft tissue tumors (review). Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1379-91. [PMID: 24714847 PMCID: PMC4055444 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of soft tissue tumors are characterized by chromosomal aberrations, in particular, translocations and amplifications, which appear to be highly specific. The identification of fusion transcripts not only supports the diagnosis, but provides the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the aberrant activity of chimeric proteins. Molecular biology, and in particular, cytogenetic and qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technologies, allow with high efficiency and specificity, the determination of specific fusion transcripts resulting from chromosomal translocations, as well as the analysis of gene amplifications. In this review, various molecular techniques that allow the identification of translocations and consequent fusion transcripts generated are discussed in the broad spectrum of soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, INT Pascale Foundation, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Marra
- Pathology Unit, INT Pascale Foundation, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, INT Pascale Foundation, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, INT Pascale Foundation, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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Ray R, Beesley M, Patton JT, Salter D, Porter D. Unusual Late Metastasis of Adamantinoma Presenting Thirty Years After Resection of Original Tumor. JBJS Case Connect 2014; 4:e31. [PMID: 29252571 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.m.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Ray
- Orthopaedic Unit (R.R., J.T.P., and D.P.) and Pathology Department (M.B. and D.S.), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 16 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
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Hashimoto M, Kondo N, Takuwa T, Matsumoto S, Hasegawa S. A surgical case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma confirmed by the detection of an SYT-SSX1 fusion gene. Int Cancer Conf J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13691-013-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ren T, Lu Q, Guo W, Lou Z, Peng X, Jiao G, Sun Y. The clinical implication of SS18-SSX fusion gene in synovial sarcoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2279-85. [PMID: 24022186 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate distribution and clinical impact of the SS18-SSX fusion gene in patients with synovial sarcoma in China. Methods: We collected and analysed the clinical data of 88 patients using univariate and multivariate survival analysis. HEK 293T and NIH 3T3 cell lines were transfected with the SS18-SSX1 or SS18-SSX2 gene to determine the respective involvement of these fusion genes in cell proliferation and invasion. Results: Overall survival was significantly better among SS18-SSX2 cases (P=0.001), FNCLCC grade 2 cases (P<0.001), and UICC stage 1 or 2 (P<0.001) by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. SS18-SSX1-positive cells were more proliferative and invasive than SS18-SSX2-positive cells. Conclusion: SS18-SSX fusion type is a significant prognostic factor for patients with synovial sarcoma.
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van der Heijden EHFM, Kaal SEJ, Hassing HHM, Verhagen AFTM, Looijen-Salamon M. Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma? A revised diagnosis after 23 years. Thorax 2013; 69:84-5. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Neuville A, Ranchère-vince D, Dei Tos AP, Cristina Montesco M, Hostein I, Toffolatti L, Chibon F, Pissaloux D, Alberti L, Decouvelaere A, Albert S, Riccardo Rossi C, Blay J, Coindre J. Impact of Molecular Analysis on the Final Sarcoma Diagnosis: A Study on 763 Cases Collected During a European Epidemiological Study. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37:1259-68. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31828f51b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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