1
|
Piqueras-Flores J, Villacorta-Argüelles E, Galvin J, Climent-Payá V, Escobar-López LE, Amor-Salamanca A, Garcia-Hernandez S, Esmonde S, Martínez-Del Río J, Soto-Pérez M, Garcia-Pavia P, Ochoa JP. Intermediate-effect size p.Arg637Gln in FHOD3 increases risk of HCM and is associated with an aggressive phenotype in homozygous carriers. J Med Genet 2024; 61:423-427. [PMID: 38160043 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Formin homology 2 domain-containing 3 (FHOD3) gene has emerged as one of the main non-sarcomeric genes associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but no cases of biallelic variants associated with disease have been described to date. From 2014 until 2021, FHOD3 was evaluated in our center by next-generation sequencing in 22 806 consecutive unrelated probands. The p.Arg637Gln variant in FHOD3 was enriched in our HCM cohort (284 of 9668 probands; 2.94%) compared with internal controls (64 of 11 480; 0.59%) and gnomAD controls (373 of 64 409; 0.58%), with ORs of 5.40 (95% CI: 4.11 to 7.09) and 5.19 (95% CI: 4.44 to 6.07). The variant affects a highly conserved residue localised in a supercoiled alpha helix considered a clustering site for HCM variants, and in heterozygosis can act as a predisposing factor (intermediate-effect variant) for HCM, with an estimated penetrance of around 1%. Additionally, seven homozygous carriers of p.Arg637Gln in FHOD3 were identified. All but one (unaffected) showed an early presentation and a severe HCM phenotype. All this information suggest that p.Arg637Gln variant in FHOD3 is a low-penetrant variant, with an intermediate effect, that contributes to the development of HCM in simple heterozygosis, being associated with a more severe phenotype in homozygous carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Piqueras-Flores
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villacorta-Argüelles
- Inherited Heart Disease Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joseph Galvin
- Department of Cardiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, The Dublin Neurological Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vicente Climent-Payá
- Heart Failure and Inherited Heart Disease Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis Enrique Escobar-López
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sean Esmonde
- Department of Cardiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, The Dublin Neurological Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jorge Martínez-Del Río
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maeve Soto-Pérez
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Health in Code, A Coruña, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kimmich MJ, Sundaramurthy S, Geary MA, Lesanpezeshki L, Yingling CV, Vanapalli SA, Littlefield RS, Pruyne D. FHOD-1/profilin-mediated actin assembly protects sarcomeres against contraction-induced deformation in C. elegans. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.29.582848. [PMID: 38559004 PMCID: PMC10979920 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Formin HOmology Domain 2-containing (FHOD) proteins are a subfamily of actin-organizing formins important for striated muscle development in many animals. We showed previously that absence of the sole FHOD protein, FHOD-1, from C. elegans results in thin body-wall muscles with misshapen dense bodies that serve as sarcomere Z-lines. We demonstrate here that actin polymerization by FHOD-1 is required for its function in muscle development, and that FHOD-1 cooperates with profilin PFN-3 for dense body morphogenesis, and profilins PFN-2 and PFN-3 to promote body-wall muscle growth. We further demonstrate dense bodies in fhod-1 and pfn-3 mutants are less stable than in wild type animals, having a higher proportion of dynamic protein, and becoming distorted by prolonged muscle contraction. We also observe accumulation of actin depolymerization factor/cofilin homolog UNC-60B in body-wall muscle of these mutants. Such accumulations may indicate targeted disassembly of thin filaments dislodged from unstable dense bodies, and may account for the abnormally slow growth and reduced strength of body-wall muscle in fhod-1 mutants. Overall, these results show the importance of FHOD protein-mediated actin assembly to forming stable sarcomere Z-lines, and identify profilin as a new contributor to FHOD activity in striated muscle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Kimmich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Sumana Sundaramurthy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Meaghan A. Geary
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Leila Lesanpezeshki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Curtis V. Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | | | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boussaty EC, Ninoyu Y, Andrade LR, Li Q, Takeya R, Sumimoto H, Ohyama T, Wahlin KJ, Manor U, Friedman RA. Altered Fhod3 expression involved in progressive high-frequency hearing loss via dysregulation of actin polymerization stoichiometry in the cuticular plate. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011211. [PMID: 38498576 PMCID: PMC10977885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory impairment with complex underlying mechanisms. In our previous study, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and identified a novel locus on chromosome 18 associated with ARHL specifically linked to a 32 kHz tone burst stimulus. Consequently, we investigated the role of Formin Homology 2 Domain Containing 3 (Fhod3), a newly discovered candidate gene for ARHL based on the GWAS results. We observed Fhod3 expression in auditory hair cells (HCs) primarily localized at the cuticular plate (CP). To understand the functional implications of Fhod3 in the cochlea, we generated Fhod3 overexpression mice (Pax2-Cre+/-; Fhod3Tg/+) (TG) and HC-specific conditional knockout mice (Atoh1-Cre+/-; Fhod3fl/fl) (KO). Audiological assessments in TG mice demonstrated progressive high-frequency hearing loss, characterized by predominant loss of outer hair cells, and a decreased phalloidin intensities of CP. Ultrastructural analysis revealed loss of the shortest row of stereocilia in the basal turn of the cochlea, and alterations in the cuticular plate surrounding stereocilia rootlets. Importantly, the hearing and HC phenotype in TG mice phenocopied that of the KO mice. These findings suggest that balanced expression of Fhod3 is critical for proper CP and stereocilia structure and function. Further investigation of Fhod3 related hearing impairment mechanisms may lend new insight towards the myriad mechanisms underlying ARHL, which in turn could facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for ARHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ely Cheikh Boussaty
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yuzuru Ninoyu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Leonardo R. Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Qingzhong Li
- USC-Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohyama
- USC-Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Rick A. Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joodaki M, Shaigan M, Parra V, Bülow RD, Kuppe C, Hölscher DL, Cheng M, Nagai JS, Goedertier M, Bouteldja N, Tesar V, Barratt J, Roberts IS, Coppo R, Kramann R, Boor P, Costa IG. Detection of PatIent-Level distances from single cell genomics and pathomics data with Optimal Transport (PILOT). Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:57-74. [PMID: 38177382 PMCID: PMC10883279 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although clinical applications represent the next challenge in single-cell genomics and digital pathology, we still lack computational methods to analyze single-cell or pathomics data to find sample-level trajectories or clusters associated with diseases. This remains challenging as single-cell/pathomics data are multi-scale, i.e., a sample is represented by clusters of cells/structures, and samples cannot be easily compared with each other. Here we propose PatIent Level analysis with Optimal Transport (PILOT). PILOT uses optimal transport to compute the Wasserstein distance between two individual single-cell samples. This allows us to perform unsupervised analysis at the sample level and uncover trajectories or cellular clusters associated with disease progression. We evaluate PILOT and competing approaches in single-cell genomics or pathomics studies involving various human diseases with up to 600 samples/patients and millions of cells or tissue structures. Our results demonstrate that PILOT detects disease-associated samples from large and complex single-cell or pathomics data. Moreover, PILOT provides a statistical approach to find changes in cell populations, gene expression, and tissue structures related to the trajectories or clusters supporting interpretation of predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Joodaki
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mina Shaigan
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor Parra
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman D Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David L Hölscher
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mingbo Cheng
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - James S Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaël Goedertier
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouteldja
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospital of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Sd Roberts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Children's University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farkas D, Szikora S, Jijumon AS, Polgár TF, Patai R, Tóth MÁ, Bugyi B, Gajdos T, Bíró P, Novák T, Erdélyi M, Mihály J. Peripheral thickening of the sarcomeres and pointed end elongation of the thin filaments are both promoted by SALS and its formin interaction partners. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011117. [PMID: 38198522 PMCID: PMC10805286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During striated muscle development the first periodically repeated units appear in the premyofibrils, consisting of immature sarcomeres that must undergo a substantial growth both in length and width, to reach their final size. Here we report that, beyond its well established role in sarcomere elongation, the Sarcomere length short (SALS) protein is involved in Z-disc formation and peripheral growth of the sarcomeres. Our protein localization data and loss-of-function studies in the Drosophila indirect flight muscle strongly suggest that radial growth of the sarcomeres is initiated at the Z-disc. As to thin filament elongation, we used a powerful nanoscopy approach to reveal that SALS is subject to a major conformational change during sarcomere development, which might be critical to stop pointed end elongation in the adult muscles. In addition, we demonstrate that the roles of SALS in sarcomere elongation and radial growth are both dependent on formin type of actin assembly factors. Unexpectedly, when SALS is present in excess amounts, it promotes the formation of actin aggregates highly resembling the ones described in nemaline myopathy patients. Collectively, these findings helped to shed light on the complex mechanisms of SALS during the coordinated elongation and thickening of the sarcomeres, and resulted in the discovery of a potential nemaline myopathy model, suitable for the identification of genetic and small molecule inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Farkas
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A S Jijumon
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Polgár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Ágnes Tóth
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bugyi
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gajdos
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bíró
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Novák
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- University of Szeged, Department of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Endo T. Postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis governed by signal transduction networks: MAPKs and PI3K-Akt control multiple steps. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:223-243. [PMID: 37826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myogenesis represents one of the most intensively and extensively examined systems of cell differentiation, tissue formation, and regeneration. Muscle regeneration provides an in vivo model system of postnatal myogenesis. It comprises multiple steps including muscle stem cell (or satellite cell) quiescence, activation, migration, myogenic determination, myoblast proliferation, myocyte differentiation, myofiber maturation, and hypertrophy. A variety of extracellular signaling and subsequent intracellular signal transduction pathways or networks govern the individual steps of postnatal myogenesis. Among them, MAPK pathways (the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 pathways) and PI3K-Akt signaling regulate multiple steps of myogenesis. Ca2+, cytokine, and Wnt signaling also participate in several myogenesis steps. These signaling pathways often control cell cycle regulatory proteins or the muscle-specific MyoD family and the MEF2 family of transcription factors. This article comprehensively reviews molecular mechanisms of the individual steps of postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis by focusing on signal transduction pathways or networks. Nevertheless, no or only a partial signaling molecules or pathways have been identified in some responses during myogenesis. The elucidation of these unidentified signaling molecules and pathways leads to an extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Wan X, Li H, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen H, Zhu D, Li C, Zhang Y. CTCF coordinates cell fate specification via orchestrating regulatory hubs with pioneer transcription factors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113259. [PMID: 37851578 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a ubiquitously expressed architectural protein, has emerged as a key regulator of cell identity gene transcription. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying specialized functions of CTCF remains elusive. Here, we investigate the mechanism through integrative analyses of primary hepatocytes, myocytes, and B cells from mouse and human. We demonstrate that CTCF cooperates with lineage-specific pioneer transcription factors (TFs), including MyoD, FOXA, and PU.1, to control cell identity at 1D and 3D levels. At the 1D level, pioneer TFs facilitate lineage-specific CTCF occupancy via opening chromatin. At the 3D level, CTCF and pioneer TFs form regulatory hubs to govern the expression of cell identity genes. This mechanism is validated using MyoD-null mice, CTCF knockout mice, and CRISPR editing during myogenic differentiation. Collectively, these findings uncover a general mechanism whereby CTCF acts as a cell identity cofactor to control cell identity genes via orchestrating regulatory hubs with pioneer TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hu Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Taiping Road 27TH, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle quantity and quality is essential to ensure various vital functions of the body. Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exogenous signals influencing cell structure and function. Since actin is an essential component in cytoskeleton dynamics, actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have been recognized as crucial players in skeletal muscle health and diseases. Hence, dysregulation of ABPs leads to muscle atrophy characterized by loss of mass, strength, quality, and capacity for regeneration. This comprehensive review summarizes the recent studies that have unveiled the role of ABPs in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, with a particular focus on skeletal myogenesis and diseases. This provides insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal myogenesis via ABPs as well as research avenues to identify potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, this review explores the implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) targeting ABPs in skeletal myogenesis and disorders based on recent achievements in ncRNA research. The studies presented here will enhance our understanding of the functional significance of ABPs and mechanotransduction-derived myogenic regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, revealing how ncRNAs regulate ABPs will allow diverse therapeutic approaches for skeletal muscle disorders to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
- Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Attali R, Argov Z. GNE myopathy: can homozygous asymptomatic subjects give a clue for the identification of protective factors? Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:762-768. [PMID: 37666692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is caused by bi allelic recessive mutations in the GNE gene. The largest identified cohort of GNE myopathy patients carries a homozygous mutation- M743T (the "Middle Eastern" mutation). More than 160 such patients in 67 families have been identified by us. Mean onset in this cohort is 30 years (range 17-48) with variable disease severity. However, we have identified two asymptomatic females, homozygous for M743T in two different families, both with affected siblings. The first showed no myopathy when examined at age 76 years. The second has no sign of disease at age 60 years. Since both agreed only for testing of blood, we performed exome and RNA sequencing of their blood and that of their affected siblings. Various filtering layers resulted in 2723 variant loci between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, representing 1364 genes. Among those, 39 genes are known to be involved in neuromuscular diseases, and only in two of them the variant is located in the proper exon coding region, resulting in a missense change. Surprisingly, only 27 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the asymptomatic and the GNE myopathy affected individuals, with three overexpressed genes overlapping between exome and RNA sequencing. Although unable to unravel robust candidate genes, mostly because of the very low number of asymptomatic individuals analyzed, and because of the tissue analyzed (blood and not muscle), this study resulted in relatively restricted potential candidate protective genes, emphasizing the power of using polarized phenotypes (completely asymptomatic vs clearly affected individuals) with the same genotype to unmask those genes which could be used as targets for disease course modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ruben Attali
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boussaty EC, Ninoyu Y, Andrade L, Li Q, Takeya R, Sumimoto H, Ohyama T, Wahlin KJ, Manor U, Friedman RA. Altered Fhod3 Expression Involved in Progressive High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Dysregulation of Actin Polymerization Stoichiometry in The Cuticular Plate. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.20.549974. [PMID: 37546952 PMCID: PMC10401921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory impairment with comlex underlying mechanisms. In our previous study, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and identified a novel locus on chromosome 18 associated with ARHL specifically linked to a 32 kHz tone burst stimulus. Consequently, we investigated the role of Formin Homology 2 Domain Containing 3 (Fhod3), a newly discovered candidate gene for ARHL based on the GWAS results. We observed Fhod3 expression in auditory hair cells (HCs) and primarily localized at the cuticular plate (CP). To understand the functional implications of Fhod3 in the cochlea, we generated Fhod3 overexpression mice (Pax2-Cre+/-; Fhod3Tg/+) (TG) and HC-specific conditional knockout mice (Atoh1-Cre+/-; Fhod3fl/fl) (KO). Audiological assessments in TG mice demonstrated progressive high-frequency hearing loss, characterized by predominant loss of outer HCs and decrease phalloidin intensities of CP. Ultrastructural analysis revealed shortened stereocilia in the basal turn cochlea. Importantly, the hearing and HC phenotype in TG mice were replicated in KO mice. These findings indicate that Fhod3 plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics in CP and stereocilia. Further investigation of Fhod3-related hearing impairment mechanisms may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for ARHL in humans.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chumakova OS, Baulina NM. Advanced searching for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heritability in real practice tomorrow. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1236539. [PMID: 37583586 PMCID: PMC10425241 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1236539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease associated with morbidity and mortality at any age. As studies in recent decades have shown, the genetic architecture of HCM is quite complex both in the entire population and in each patient. In the rapidly advancing era of gene therapy, we have to provide a detailed molecular diagnosis to our patients to give them the chance for better and more personalized treatment. In addition to emphasizing the importance of genetic testing in routine practice, this review aims to discuss the possibility to go a step further and create an expanded genetic panel that contains not only variants in core genes but also new candidate genes, including those located in deep intron regions, as well as structural variations. It also highlights the benefits of calculating polygenic risk scores based on a combination of rare and common genetic variants for each patient and of using non-genetic HCM markers, such as microRNAs that can enhance stratification of risk for HCM in unselected populations alongside rare genetic variants and clinical factors. While this review is focusing on HCM, the discussed issues are relevant to other cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Chumakova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antoku S, Schwartz TU, Gundersen GG. FHODs: Nuclear tethered formins for nuclear mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1160219. [PMID: 37215084 PMCID: PMC10192571 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss FHOD formins with a focus on recent studies that reveal a new role for them as critical links for nuclear mechanotransduction. The FHOD family in vertebrates comprises two structurally related proteins, FHOD1 and FHOD3. Their similar biochemical properties suggest overlapping and redundant functions. FHOD1 is widely expressed, FHOD3 less so, with highest expression in skeletal (FHOD1) and cardiac (FHOD3) muscle where specific splice isoforms are expressed. Unlike other formins, FHODs have strong F-actin bundling activity and relatively weak actin polymerization activity. These activities are regulated by phosphorylation by ROCK and Src kinases; bundling is additionally regulated by ERK1/2 kinases. FHODs are unique among formins in their association with the nuclear envelope through direct, high affinity binding to the outer nuclear membrane proteins nesprin-1G and nesprin-2G. Recent crystallographic structures reveal an interaction between a conserved motif in one of the spectrin repeats (SRs) of nesprin-1G/2G and a site adjacent to the regulatory domain in the amino terminus of FHODs. Nesprins are components of the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex that spans both nuclear membranes and mediates bidirectional transmission of mechanical forces between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. FHODs interact near the actin-binding calponin homology (CH) domains of nesprin-1G/2G enabling a branched connection to actin filaments that presumably strengthens the interaction. At the cellular level, the tethering of FHODs to the outer nuclear membrane mechanically couples perinuclear actin arrays to the nucleus to move and position it in fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and potentially other cells. FHODs also function in adhesion maturation during cell migration and in the generation of sarcomeres, activities distant from the nucleus but that are still influenced by it. Human genetic studies have identified multiple FHOD3 variants linked to dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, with many mutations mapping to "hot spots" in FHOD3 domains. We discuss how FHOD1/3's role in reinforcing the LINC complex and connecting to perinuclear actin contributes to functions of mechanically active tissues such as striated muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas U. Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gregg G. Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baraldo M, Zorzato S, Dondjang AHT, Geremia A, Nogara L, Dumitras AG, Canato M, Marcucci L, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Inducible deletion of raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle contractility and relaxation. J Physiol 2022; 600:5055-5075. [PMID: 36255030 DOI: 10.1113/jp283686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness has been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and is accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. We wanted to elucidate the functional role of mTOR in muscle contractility. Most loss-of-function studies for mTOR signalling have used the drug rapamycin to inhibit some of the signalling downstream of mTOR. However, given that rapamycin does not inhibit all mTOR signalling completely, we generated a double knockout for mTOR and for the scaffold protein of mTORC1, raptor, in skeletal muscle. We found that double knockout in mice results in a more severe phenotype compared with deletion of raptor or mTOR alone. Indeed, these animals display muscle weakness, increased fibre denervation and a slower muscle relaxation following tetanic stimulation. This is accompanied by a shift towards slow-twitch fibres and changes in the expression levels of calcium-related genes, such as Serca1 and Casq1. Double knockout mice show a decrease in calcium decay kinetics after tetanus in vivo, suggestive of a reduced calcium reuptake. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many downregulated genes, such as Tcap and Fhod3, are linked to sarcomere organization. These results suggest a key role for mTOR signalling in maintaining proper fibre relaxation in skeletal muscle. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness have been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and are accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Mammalian target of rapamycin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of muscle mass and functionality. We found that the loss of both mTOR and raptor results in contractile abnormalities, with severe muscle weakness and delayed relaxation following tetanic stimulation. These results are associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in sarcomere organization and calcium handling and with an impairment in calcium reuptake after contraction. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic insight into the role of mTOR in muscle contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baraldo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Zorzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Achille Homère Tchampda Dondjang
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Geremia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Georgia Dumitras
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pan C, Wang S, Liu C, Ren Z. Actin-Binding Proteins in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36428995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart reacts to a large number of pathological stimuli through cardiac hypertrophy, which finally can lead to heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. Actin participates in the formation of highly differentiated myofibrils under the regulation of actin-binding proteins (ABPs), which provides a structural basis for the contractile function and morphological change in cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have shown that the functional abnormality of ABPs can contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the function of various actin-binding proteins associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which provides more references for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Szikora S, Görög P, Mihály J. The Mechanisms of Thin Filament Assembly and Length Regulation in Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5306. [PMID: 35628117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin containing tropomyosin and troponin decorated thin filaments form one of the crucial components of the contractile apparatus in muscles. The thin filaments are organized into densely packed lattices interdigitated with myosin-based thick filaments. The crossbridge interactions between these myofilaments drive muscle contraction, and the degree of myofilament overlap is a key factor of contractile force determination. As such, the optimal length of the thin filaments is critical for efficient activity, therefore, this parameter is precisely controlled according to the workload of a given muscle. Thin filament length is thought to be regulated by two major, but only partially understood mechanisms: it is set by (i) factors that mediate the assembly of filaments from monomers and catalyze their elongation, and (ii) by factors that specify their length and uniformity. Mutations affecting these factors can alter the length of thin filaments, and in human cases, many of them are linked to debilitating diseases such as nemaline myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Walsh R, Offerhaus JA, Tadros R, Bezzina CR. Minor hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes, major insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:151-67. [PMID: 34526680 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was traditionally described as an autosomal dominant Mendelian disease but is now increasingly recognized as having a complex genetic aetiology. Although eight core genes encoding sarcomeric proteins account for >90% of the pathogenic variants in patients with HCM, variants in several additional genes (ACTN2, ALPK3, CSRP3, FHOD3, FLNC, JPH2, KLHL24, PLN and TRIM63), encoding non-sarcomeric proteins with diverse functions, have been shown to be disease-causing in a small number of patients. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci in cardiomyopathy case-control studies and biobank investigations of left ventricular functional traits. Genes associated with Mendelian cardiomyopathy are enriched in the putative causal gene lists at these loci. Intriguingly, many loci are associated with both HCM and dilated cardiomyopathy but with opposite directions of effect on left ventricular traits, highlighting a genetic basis underlying the contrasting pathophysiological effects observed in each condition. This overlap extends to rare Mendelian variants with distinct variant classes in several genes associated with HCM and dilated cardiomyopathy. In this Review, we appraise the complex contribution of the non-sarcomeric, HCM-associated genes to cardiomyopathies across a range of variant classes (from common non-coding variants of individually low effect size to complete gene knockouts), which provides insights into the genetic basis of cardiomyopathies, causal genes at GWAS loci and the application of clinical genetic testing.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang B, Yang M, Li S. Numb and Numblike regulate sarcomere assembly and maintenance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:139420. [PMID: 35104799 PMCID: PMC8803338 DOI: 10.1172/jci139420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sarcomere is the contractile unit of the myofibril in striated muscles such as cardiac and skeletal muscles. The assembly of sarcomeres depends on multiple molecules that serve as raw materials and participate in the assembly process. However, the mechanism of this critical assembly process remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the cell fate determinant Numb and its homolog Numblike regulated sarcomere assembly and maintenance in striated muscles. We discovered that Numb and Numblike are sarcomeric molecules that were gradually confined to the Z-disc during striated muscle development. Conditional knockout of Numb and Numblike severely compromised sarcomere assembly and its integrity and thus caused organelle dysfunction. Notably, we identified that Numb and Numblike served as sarcomeric α-Actin–binding proteins (ABPs) and shared a conserved domain that can bind to the barbed end of sarcomeric α-Actin. In vitro fluorometric α-Actin polymerization assay showed that Numb and Numblike also played a role in the sarcomeric α-Actin polymerization process. Last, we demonstrate that Numb and Numblike regulate sarcomeric α-Actinin–dependent (ACTN-dependent) Z-disc consolidation in the sarcomere assembly and maintenance. In summary, our studies show that Numb and its homolog Numblike regulate sarcomere assembly and maintenance in striated muscles, and demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which Numb/Numblike, sarcomeric α-Actin, and ACTN cooperate to control thin filament formation and Z-disc consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Wang
- West China Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Institute, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,SARITEX Center for Stem Cell Engineering Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Embryology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Almost 25 years have passed since a mutation of a formin gene, DIAPH1, was identified as being responsible for a human inherited disorder: a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Since then, our knowledge of the links between formins and disease has deepened considerably. Mutations of DIAPH1 and six other formin genes (DAAM2, DIAPH2, DIAPH3, FMN2, INF2 and FHOD3) have been identified as the genetic cause of a variety of inherited human disorders, including intellectual disability, renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss and cardiomyopathy. In addition, alterations in formin genes have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, including developmental defects affecting the heart, nervous system and kidney, aging-related diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries about the involvement of formin alterations in monogenic disorders and other human pathological conditions, especially cancer, with which they have been associated. In vitro results and experiments in modified animal models are discussed. Finally, we outline the directions for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koelemen J, Gotthardt M, Steinmetz LM, Meder B. RBM20-Related Cardiomyopathy: Current Understanding and Future Options. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4101. [PMID: 34575212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Splice regulators play an essential role in the transcriptomic diversity of all eukaryotic cell types and organ systems. Recent evidence suggests a contribution of splice-regulatory networks in many diseases, such as cardiomyopathies. Adaptive splice regulators, such as RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) determine the physiological mRNA landscape formation, and rare variants in the RBM20 gene explain up to 6% of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases. With ample knowledge from RBM20-deficient mice, rats, swine and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the downstream targets and quantitative effects on splicing are now well-defined and the prerequisites for corrective therapeutic approaches are set. This review article highlights some of the recent advances in the field, ranging from aspects of granule formation to 3D genome architectures underlying RBM20-related cardiomyopathy. Promising therapeutic strategies are presented and put into context with the pathophysiological characteristics of RBM20-related diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakata K, Matsuyama S, Kurebayashi N, Hayamizu K, Murayama T, Nakamura K, Kitamura K, Morimoto S, Takeya R. Differential effects of the formin inhibitor SMIFH2 on contractility and Ca 2+ handling in frog and mouse cardiomyocytes. Genes Cells 2021; 26:583-595. [PMID: 34060165 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in actin regulators have been emerging as a cause of cardiomyopathy, although the functional link between actin dynamics and cardiac contraction remains largely unknown. To obtain insight into this issue, we examined the effects of pharmacological inhibition of formins, a major class of actin-assembling proteins. The formin inhibitor SMIFH2 significantly enhanced the cardiac contractility of isolated frog hearts, thereby augmenting cardiac performance. SMIFH2 treatment had no significant effects on the Ca2+ sensitivity of frog muscle fibers. Instead, it unexpectedly increased Ca2+ concentrations of isolated frog cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the inotropic effect is due to enhanced Ca2+ transients. In contrast to frog hearts, the contractility of mouse cardiomyocytes was attenuated by SMIFH2 treatment with decreasing Ca2+ transients. Thus, SMIFH2 has opposing effects on the Ca2+ transient and contractility between frog and mouse cardiomyocytes. We further found that SMIFH2 suppressed Ca2+ -release via type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2); this inhibitory effect may explain the species differences, since RyR2 is critical for Ca2+ transients in mouse myocardium but absent in frog myocardium. Although the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of Ca2+ transients in frog cardiomyocytes remain unclear, SMIFH2 differentially affects the cardiac contraction of amphibian and mammalian by differentially modulating their Ca2+ handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sho Matsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Hayamizu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihide Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Health Sciences Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu G, Ruan J, Liu J, Zhang C, Kang L, Wang J, Zou Y, Song L. Variant Spectrum of Formin Homology 2 Domain-Containing 3 Gene in Chinese Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018236. [PMID: 33586461 PMCID: PMC8174292 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The FHOD3 (formin homology 2 domain‐containing 3) gene has recently been identified as a causative gene of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the pathogenicity of FHOD3 variants remains to be evaluated. This study analyzed the spectrum of FHOD3 variants in a large HCM and control cohort, and explored its correlation with the disease. Methods and Results The genetic analysis of FHOD3 was performed using the whole exome sequencing data from 1000 patients with HCM and 761 controls without HCM. A total of 37 FHOD3 candidate variants were identified, including 25 missense variants and 2 truncating variants. In detail, there were 27 candidate variants detected in 33 (3.3%) patients with HCM, which was significantly higher than in the 12 controls (3.3% versus 1.6%; odds ratio, 2.13; P<0.05). On the basis of familial segregation, we identified one truncating variant (c.1286+2delT) as a causal variant in 4 patients. Furthermore, the FHOD3 candidate variant experienced significantly more risk of cardiovascular death and all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.71; 95%, 1.32–8.59; P=0.016; and adjusted HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.09–6.85; P=0.035, respectively). Conclusions Our study suggests that FHOD3 is a causal gene for HCM, and that the presence of FHOD3 candidate variants is an independent risk for cardiovascular death and all‐cause death in HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,Cardiomyopathy Ward Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jieyun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,Cardiomyopathy Ward Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,Cardiomyopathy Ward Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Channa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lianming Kang
- Cardiomyopathy Ward Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yubao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,Cardiomyopathy Ward Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yingling CV, Pruyne D. FHOD formin and SRF promote post-embryonic striated muscle growth through separate pathways in C. elegans. Exp Cell Res 2021; 398:112388. [PMID: 33221314 PMCID: PMC7750259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work with cultured cells has shown transcription of muscle genes by serum response factor (SRF) can be stimulated by actin polymerization driven by proteins of the formin family. However, it is not clear if endogenous formins similarly promote SRF-dependent transcription during muscle development in vivo. We tested whether formin activity promotes SRF-dependent transcription in striated muscle in the simple animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our lab has shown FHOD-1 is the only formin that directly promotes sarcomere formation in the worm's striated muscle. We show here FHOD-1 and SRF homolog UNC-120 both support muscle growth and also muscle myosin II heavy chain A expression. However, while a hypomorphic unc-120 allele blunts expression of a set of striated muscle genes, these genes are largely upregulated or unchanged by absence of FHOD-1. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome restores myosin protein levels in worms lacking FHOD-1, suggesting elevated proteolysis accounts for their myosin deficit. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition does not restore normal muscle growth to fhod-1(Δ) mutants, suggesting formin contributes to muscle growth by some alternative mechanism. Overall, we find SRF does not depend on formin to promote muscle gene transcription in a simple in vivo system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis V Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng S, Silimon RL, Balakrishnan M, Bothe I, Juros D, Soffar DB, Baylies MK. The actin polymerization factor Diaphanous and the actin severing protein Flightless I collaborate to regulate sarcomere size. Dev Biol 2021; 469:12-25. [PMID: 32980309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle, composed of repeated sets of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments. During muscle development, sarcomeres grow in size to accommodate the growth and function of muscle fibers. Failure in regulating sarcomere size results in muscle dysfunction; yet, it is unclear how the size and uniformity of sarcomeres are controlled. Here we show that the formin Diaphanous is critical for the growth and maintenance of sarcomere size: Dia sets sarcomere length and width through regulation of the number and length of the actin thin filaments in the Drosophila flight muscle. To regulate thin filament length and sarcomere size, Dia interacts with the Gelsolin superfamily member Flightless I (FliI). We suggest that these actin regulators, by controlling actin dynamics and turnover, generate uniformly sized sarcomeres tuned for the muscle contractions required for flight.
Collapse
|
24
|
Broadwell LJ, Smallegan MJ, Rigby KM, Navarro-Arriola JS, Montgomery RL, Rinn JL, Leinwand LA. Myosin 7b is a regulatory long noncoding RNA (lncMYH7b) in the human heart. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100694. [PMID: 33895132 PMCID: PMC8141895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain 7b (MYH7b) is an ancient member of the myosin heavy chain motor protein family that is expressed in striated muscles. In mammalian cardiac muscle, MYH7b RNA is expressed along with two other myosin heavy chains, β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC) and α-myosin heavy chain (α-MyHC). However, unlike β-MyHC and α-MyHC, which are maintained in a careful balance at the protein level, the MYH7b locus does not produce a full-length protein in the heart due to a posttranscriptional exon-skipping mechanism that occurs in a tissue-specific manner. Whether this locus has a role in the heart beyond producing its intronic microRNA, miR-499, was unclear. Using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a model system, we found that the noncoding exon-skipped RNA (lncMYH7b) affects the transcriptional landscape of human cardiomyocytes, independent of miR-499. Specifically, lncMYH7b regulates the ratio of β-MyHC to α-MyHC, which is crucial for cardiac contractility. We also found that lncMYH7b regulates beat rate and sarcomere formation in cardiomyocytes. This regulation is likely achieved through control of a member of the TEA domain transcription factor family (TEAD3, which is known to regulate β-MyHC). Therefore, we conclude that this ancient gene has been repurposed by alternative splicing to produce a regulatory long-noncoding RNA in the human heart that affects cardiac myosin composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Broadwell
- Department of Biochemistry, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael J Smallegan
- BioFrontiers Institute, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jose S Navarro-Arriola
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - John L Rinn
- Department of Biochemistry, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu J, Shi W, Zhao R, Shen W, Li H. FHOD3 promotes carcinogenesis by regulating RhoA/ROCK1/LIMK1 signaling pathway in medulloblastoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2312-2323. [PMID: 32447646 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain disease in young children. The overall survival of MB patients is disappointing due to absence of effective therapeutics and this could be attributed to the lack of molecular mechanism underlying MB. FHOD3 was an important gene during cardio-genesis and was reported to promote cell migration in cancer. However, its role in MB is not clear to date. METHODS RT-qPCR and IHC analysis were used to determine expression of FHOD3. Survival curve was drawn by K-M analysis. FHOD3 was knocked down by RNAi technology. The effects of FHOD3 on medulloblastoma cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and FACs analysis. RESULTS FHOD3 expression increased by 1.5 fold in tumor tissues compared to the control and IHC analysis further confirmed strong expression of FHOD3 in medulloblastoma tissues. Then higher FHOD3 expression was associated with shorter survival time in MB patients (13.0 months versus 43.8 months). In medulloblastoma cells such as Daoy and D283med, FHOD3 also displayed abundant expression. When FHOD3 was knocked down, the ability of cell proliferation and colony formation was reduced over greatly. The capability of cell migration and invasion was also inhibited significantly. However, cell apoptotic rate increased significantly reversely. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation level of RhoA, ROCK1, and LIMK1 was decreased when FHOD3 was knocked down but increased reversely when FHOD3 was over-expressed in Daoy cells. CONCLUSIONS FHOD3 was associated with overall survival time in medulloblastoma patients and was essential to cell proliferation, growth and survival in medulloblastoma and might regulates activation of RhoA/ROCK1/LIMK1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - W Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - R Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - W Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sulistomo HW, Nemoto T, Kage Y, Fujii H, Uchida T, Takamiya K, Sumimoto H, Kataoka H, Bito H, Takeya R. Fhod3 Controls the Dendritic Spine Morphology of Specific Subpopulations of Pyramidal Neurons in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2205-2219. [PMID: 33251537 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the shape and size of the dendritic spines are critical for synaptic transmission. These morphological changes depend on dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and occur differently in various types of neurons. However, how the actin dynamics are regulated in a neuronal cell type-specific manner remains largely unknown. We show that Fhod3, a member of the formin family proteins that mediate F-actin assembly, controls the dendritic spine morphogenesis of specific subpopulations of cerebrocortical pyramidal neurons. Fhod3 is expressed specifically in excitatory pyramidal neurons within layers II/III and V of restricted areas of the mouse cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed the accumulation of Fhod3 in postsynaptic spines. Although targeted deletion of Fhod3 in the brain did not lead to any defects in the gross or histological appearance of the brain, the dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons within presumptive Fhod3-positive areas were morphologically abnormal. In primary cultures prepared from the Fhod3-depleted cortex, defects in spine morphology were only detected in Fhod3 promoter-active cells, a small population of pyramidal neurons, and not in Fhod3 promoter-negative pyramidal neurons. Thus, Fhod3 plays a crucial role in dendritic spine morphogenesis only in a specific population of pyramidal neurons in a cell type-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yohko Kage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Uchida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kogo Takamiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo B, Wu Y, Liu SL, Li XY, Zhu HR, Zhang L, Zheng F, Liu XY, Guo LY, Wang L, Song HX, Lv YX, Cheng ZS, Chen SY, Wang JN, Tang JM. Vagus nerve stimulation optimized cardiomyocyte phenotype, sarcomere organization and energy metabolism in infarcted heart through FoxO3A-VEGF signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:971. [PMID: 33184264 PMCID: PMC7665220 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) restores autonomic balance, suppresses inflammation action and minimizes cardiomyocyte injury. However, little knowledge is known about the VNS’ role in cardiomyocyte phenotype, sarcomere organization, and energy metabolism of infarcted hearts. VNS in vivo and acetylcholine (ACh) in vitro optimized the levels of α/β-MHC and α-Actinin positive sarcomere organization in cardiomyocytes while reducing F-actin assembly of cardiomyocytes. Consistently, ACh improved glucose uptake while decreasing lipid deposition in myocytes, correlating both with the increase of Glut4 and CPT1α and the decrease of PDK4 in infarcted hearts in vivo and myocytes in vitro, attributing to improvement in both glycolysis by VEGF-A and lipid uptake by VEGF-B in response to Ach. This led to increased ATP levels accompanied by the repaired mitochondrial function and the decreased oxygen consumption. Functionally, VNS improved the left ventricular performance. In contrast, ACh-m/nAChR inhibitor or knockdown of VEGF-A/B by shRNA powerfully abrogated these effects mediated by VNS. On mechanism, ACh decreased the levels of nuclear translocation of FoxO3A in myocytes due to phosphorylation of FoxO3A by activating AKT. FoxO3A overexpression or knockdown could reverse the specific effects of ACh on the expression of VEGF-A/B, α/β-MHC, Glut4, and CPT1α, sarcomere organization, glucose uptake and ATP production. Taken together, VNS optimized cardiomyocytes sarcomere organization and energy metabolism to improve heart function of the infarcted heart during the process of delaying and/or blocking the switch from compensated hypertrophy to decompensated heart failure, which were associated with activation of both P13K/AKT-FoxO3A-VEGF-A/B signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Yao Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Yun Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Xian Song
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Xia Lv
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-Shan Cheng
- Applied Bioinformatics Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sundaramurthy S, Votra S, Laszlo A, Davies T, Pruyne D. FHOD-1 is the only formin in Caenorhabditis elegans that promotes striated muscle growth and Z-line organization in a cell autonomous manner. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:422-441. [PMID: 33103378 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The striated body wall muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans are a simple model for sarcomere assembly. Previously, we observed deletion mutants for two formin genes, fhod-1 and cyk-1, develop thin muscles with abnormal dense bodies (the sarcomere Z-line analogs). However, this work left in question whether these formins work in a muscle cell autonomous manner, particularly since cyk-1(∆) deletion has pleiotropic effects on development. Using a fast acting temperature-sensitive cyk-1(ts) mutant, we show here that neither postembryonic loss nor acute loss of CYK-1 during embryonic sarcomerogenesis cause lasting muscle defects. Furthermore, mosaic expression of CYK-1 in cyk-1(∆) mutants is unable to rescue muscle defects in a cell autonomous manner, suggesting muscle phenotypes caused by cyk-1(∆) are likely indirect. Conversely, mosaic expression of FHOD-1 in fhod-1(Δ) mutants promotes muscle cell growth and proper dense body organization in a muscle cell autonomous manner. As we observe no effect of loss of any other formin on muscle development, we conclude FHOD-1 is the only worm formin that directly promotes striated muscle development, and the effects on formin loss in C. elegans are surprisingly modest compared to other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Sundaramurthy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - SarahBeth Votra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Arianna Laszlo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tim Davies
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martin TG, Kirk JA. Under construction: The dynamic assembly, maintenance, and degradation of the cardiac sarcomere. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:89-102. [PMID: 32920010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere constituents into this organized structure in development, and with muscle growth as new sarcomeres are built, is a complex process coordinated by numerous factors. Once assembled, the sarcomere requires constant maintenance as its continuous contraction is accompanied by elevated mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stress, which predispose proteins to misfolding and toxic aggregation. To prevent protein misfolding and maintain sarcomere integrity, the sarcomere is monitored by an assortment of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. The need for effective PQC is heightened in cardiomyocytes which are terminally differentiated and must survive for many years while preserving optimal mechanical output. To prevent toxic protein aggregation, molecular chaperones stabilize denatured sarcomere proteins and promote their refolding. However, when old and misfolded proteins cannot be salvaged by chaperones, they must be recycled via degradation pathways: the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, which operate under basal conditions, and the stress-responsive autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mutations to and deficiency of the molecular chaperones and associated factors charged with sarcomere maintenance commonly lead to sarcomere structural disarray and the progression of heart disease, highlighting the necessity of effective sarcomere PQC for maintaining cardiac function. This review focuses on the dynamic regulation of assembly and turnover at the sarcomere with an emphasis on the chaperones involved in these processes and describes the alterations to chaperones - through mutations and deficient expression - implicated in disease progression to heart failure.
Collapse
|
30
|
Antoku S, Wu W, Joseph LC, Morrow JP, Worman HJ, Gundersen GG. ERK1/2 Phosphorylation of FHOD Connects Signaling and Nuclear Positioning Alternations in Cardiac Laminopathy. Dev Cell 2020; 51:602-616.e12. [PMID: 31794718 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause cardiomyopathy and also disrupt nuclear positioning in fibroblasts. LMNA mutations causing cardiomyopathy elevate ERK1/2 activity in the heart, and inhibition of the ERK1/2 kinase activity ameliorates pathology, but the downstream effectors remain largely unknown. We now show that cardiomyocytes from mice with an Lmna mutation and elevated cardiac ERK1/2 activity have altered nuclear positioning. In fibroblasts, ERK1/2 activation negatively regulated nuclear movement by phosphorylating S498 of FHOD1. Expression of an unphosphorylatable FHOD1 variant rescued the nuclear movement defect in fibroblasts expressing a cardiomyopathy-causing lamin A mutant. In hearts of mice with LMNA mutation-induced cardiomyopathy, ERK1/2 mediated phosphorylation of FHOD3, an isoform highly expressed in cardiac tissue. Phosphorylation of FHOD1 and FHOD3 inhibited their actin bundling activity. These results show that phosphorylation of FHOD proteins by ERK1/2 is a critical switch for nuclear positioning and may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leroy C Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anderson AP, Rose E, Flanagan SP, Jones AG. The Estrogen-Responsive Transcriptome of Female Secondary Sexual Traits in the Gulf Pipefish. J Hered 2020; 111:294-306. [PMID: 32124926 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism often results from hormonally regulated trait differences between the sexes. In sex-role-reversed vertebrates, females often have ornaments used in mating competition that are expected to be under hormonal control. Males of the sex-role-reversed Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) develop female-typical traits when they are exposed to estrogens. We aimed to identify genes whose expression levels changed during the development and maintenance of female-specific ornaments. We performed RNA-sequencing on skin and muscle tissue in male Gulf pipefish with and without exposure to estrogen to investigate the transcriptome of the sexually dimorphic ornament of vertical iridescent bands found in females and estrogen-exposed males. We further compared differential gene expression patterns between males and females to generate a list of genes putatively involved in the female secondary sex traits of bands and body depth. A detailed analysis of estrogen-receptor binding sites demonstrates that estrogen-regulated genes tend to have nearby cis-regulatory elements. Our results identified a number of genes that differed between the sexes and confirmed that many of these were estrogen-responsive. These estrogen-regulated genes may be involved in the arrangement of chromatophores for color patterning, as well as in the growth of muscles to achieve the greater body depth typical of females in this species. In addition, anaerobic respiration and adipose tissue could be involved in the rigors of female courtship and mating competition. Overall, this study generates a number of interesting hypotheses regarding the genetic basis of a female ornament in a sex-role-reversed pipefish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL
| | - Sarah P Flanagan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Adam G Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tokuraku K, Kuragano M, Uyeda TQP. Long-Range and Directional Allostery of Actin Filaments Plays Important Roles in Various Cellular Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3209. [PMID: 32370032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of uniquely localized actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are involved in various cellular activities, such as cytokinesis, migration, adhesion, morphogenesis, and intracellular transport. In a micrometer-scale space such as the inside of cells, protein molecules diffuse throughout the cell interior within seconds. In this condition, how can ABPs selectively bind to particular actin filaments when there is an abundance of actin filaments in the cytoplasm? In recent years, several ABPs have been reported to induce cooperative conformational changes to actin filaments allowing structural changes to propagate along the filament cables uni- or bidirectionally, thereby regulating the subsequent binding of ABPs. Such propagation of ABP-induced cooperative conformational changes in actin filaments may be advantageous for the elaborate regulation of cellular activities driven by actin-based machineries in the intracellular space, which is dominated by diffusion. In this review, we focus on long-range allosteric regulation driven by cooperative conformational changes of actin filaments that are evoked by binding of ABPs, and discuss roles of allostery of actin filaments in narrow intracellular spaces.
Collapse
|
33
|
Fochi S, Lorenzi P, Galasso M, Stefani C, Trabetti E, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. The Emerging Role of the RBM20 and PTBP1 Ribonucleoproteins in Heart Development and Cardiovascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040402. [PMID: 32276354 PMCID: PMC7230170 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a regulatory mechanism essential for cell differentiation and tissue organization. More than 90% of human genes are regulated by alternative splicing events, which participate in cell fate determination. The general mechanisms of splicing events are well known, whereas only recently have deep-sequencing, high throughput analyses and animal models provided novel information on the network of functionally coordinated, tissue-specific, alternatively spliced exons. Heart development and cardiac tissue differentiation require thoroughly regulated splicing events. The ribonucleoprotein RBM20 is a key regulator of the alternative splicing events required for functional and structural heart properties, such as the expression of TTN isoforms. Recently, the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein PTBP1 has been demonstrated to participate with RBM20 in regulating splicing events. In this review, we summarize the updated knowledge relative to RBM20 and PTBP1 structure and molecular function; their role in alternative splicing mechanisms involved in the heart development and function; RBM20 mutations associated with idiopathic dilated cardiovascular disease (DCM); and the consequences of RBM20-altered expression or dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the possible application of targeting RBM20 in new approaches in heart therapies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Prill K, Dawson JF. Assembly and Maintenance of Sarcomere Thin Filaments and Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E542. [PMID: 31952119 PMCID: PMC7013991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomere assembly and maintenance are essential physiological processes required for cardiac and skeletal muscle function and organism mobility. Over decades of research, components of the sarcomere and factors involved in the formation and maintenance of this contractile unit have been identified. Although we have a general understanding of sarcomere assembly and maintenance, much less is known about the development of the thin filaments and associated factors within the sarcomere. In the last decade, advancements in medical intervention and genome sequencing have uncovered patients with novel mutations in sarcomere thin filaments. Pairing this sequencing with reverse genetics and the ability to generate patient avatars in model organisms has begun to deepen our understanding of sarcomere thin filament development. In this review, we provide a summary of recent findings regarding sarcomere assembly, maintenance, and disease with respect to thin filaments, building on the previous knowledge in the field. We highlight debated and unknown areas within these processes to clearly define open research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Dawson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang S, Pu T, Wei W, Xu R, Wu Y. Exome sequencing identifies a FHOD3 p.S527del mutation in a Chinese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3146. [PMID: 31742804 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inheritable cardiac disease and is characterised by unexplained ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. HCM is highly heterogeneous and is primarily caused by the mutation of genes encoding sarcomere proteins. As a result of its genetic basis, we investigated the underlying cause of HCM in a Chinese family by whole-exome sequencing. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for seven clinically diagnosed HCM family members and the resulting single nucleotide variants associated with cardiac hypertrophy or heart development were analysed by a polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A non-frameshift deletion mutation (p.S527del) of Formin Homology 2 Domain Containing 3 (FHOD3) was detected in all of the affected family members and was absent in all unaffected members, with the exception of one young member. Moreover, three single nucleotide variants associated with heart development and morphogenesis were identified in the proband but were absent in the other affected subjects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first HCM family case of FHOD3 (p.S527del) variation in Asia. Additionally, RNF207 (p.Q268P), CCM2 (p. E233K) and SGCZ (p.Q134X) may be related to the clinical heterogeneity of the family. The present study could enable the provision of genetic counseling for this family and provide a basis for future genetic and functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Pu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamashiro S, Watanabe N. Quantitative high-precision imaging of myosin-dependent filamentous actin dynamics. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:163-173. [PMID: 31313218 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent decades, considerable effort has been made to understand how mechanical stress applied to the actin network alters actin assembly and disassembly dynamics. However, there are conflicting reports concerning the issue both in vitro and in cells. In this review, we discuss concerns regarding previous quantitative live-cell experiments that have attempted to evaluate myosin regulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) turnover. In particular, we highlight an error-generating mechanism in quantitative live-cell imaging, namely convection-induced misdistribution of actin-binding probes. Direct observation of actin turnover at the single-molecule level using our improved electroporation-based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) microscopy technique overcomes these concerns. We introduce our recent single-molecule analysis that unambiguously demonstrates myosin-dependent regulation of F-actin stability in live cells. We also discuss the possible application of eSiMS microscopy in the analysis of actin remodeling in striated muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sanematsu F, Kanai A, Ushijima T, Shiraishi A, Abe T, Kage Y, Sumimoto H, Takeya R. Fhod1, an actin-organizing formin family protein, is dispensable for cardiac development and function in mice. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:219-229. [PMID: 31008549 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The formin family proteins have the ability to regulate actin filament assembly, thereby functioning in diverse cytoskeletal processes. Fhod3, a cardiac member of the family, plays a crucial role in development and functional maintenance of the heart. Although Fhod1, a protein closely-related to Fhod3, has been reported to be expressed in cardiomyocytes, the role of Fhod1 in the heart has still remained elusive. To know the physiological role of Fhod1 in the heart, we disrupted the Fhod1 gene in mice by replacement of exon 1 with a lacZ reporter gene. Histological lacZ staining unexpectedly revealed no detectable expression of Fhod1 in the heart, in contrast to intensive staining in the lung, a Fhod1-containing organ. Consistent with this, expression level of the Fhod1 protein in the heart was below the lower limit of detection of the present immunoblot analysis with three independent anti-Fhod1 antibodies. Homozygous Fhod1-null mice did not show any defects in gross and histological appearance of the heart or upregulate fetal cardiac genes that are induced under stress conditions. Furthermore, Fhod1 ablation did not elicit compensatory increase in expression of other formins. Thus, Fhod1 appears to be dispensable for normal development and function of the mouse heart, even if a marginal amount of Fhod1 is expressed in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sanematsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ami Kanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ushijima
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Shiraishi
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohko Kage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fenix AM, Neininger AC, Taneja N, Hyde K, Visetsouk MR, Garde RJ, Liu B, Nixon BR, Manalo AE, Becker JR, Crawley SW, Bader DM, Tyska MJ, Liu Q, Gutzman JH, Burnette DT. Muscle-specific stress fibers give rise to sarcomeres in cardiomyocytes. eLife 2018; 7:42144. [PMID: 30540249 PMCID: PMC6307863 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the contractile unit within cardiomyocytes driving heart muscle contraction. We sought to test the mechanisms regulating actin and myosin filament assembly during sarcomere formation. Therefore, we developed an assay using human cardiomyocytes to monitor sarcomere assembly. We report a population of muscle stress fibers, similar to actin arcs in non-muscle cells, which are essential sarcomere precursors. We show sarcomeric actin filaments arise directly from muscle stress fibers. This requires formins (e.g., FHOD3), non-muscle myosin IIA and non-muscle myosin IIB. Furthermore, we show short cardiac myosin II filaments grow to form ~1.5 μm long filaments that then 'stitch' together to form the stack of filaments at the core of the sarcomere (i.e., the A-band). A-band assembly is dependent on the proper organization of actin filaments and, as such, is also dependent on FHOD3 and myosin IIB. We use this experimental paradigm to present evidence for a unifying model of sarcomere assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Karren Hyde
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Mike R Visetsouk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Ryan J Garde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Benjamin R Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Annabelle E Manalo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jason R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Scott W Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States
| | - David M Bader
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jennifer H Gutzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lorenzi P, Sangalli A, Fochi S, Dal Molin A, Malerba G, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. RNA-binding proteins RBM20 and PTBP1 regulate the alternative splicing of FHOD3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 106:74-83. [PMID: 30468920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of alternative splicing events is an essential step required for the expression of functional cytoskeleton and sarcomere proteins in cardiomyocytes. About 3% of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy cases present mutations in the RNA binding protein RBM20, a tissue specific regulator of alternative splicing. Transcripts expressed preferentially in skeletal and cardiac muscle, including TTN, CAMK2D, LDB3, LMO7, PDLIM3, RTN4, and RYR2, are RBM20-dependent splice variants. In the present study, we investigated the RBM20 involvement in post-transcriptional regulation of splicing variants expressed by Formin homology 2 domain containing 3 (FHOD3) gene. FHOD3 is a sarcomeric protein highly expressed in the cardiac tissue and required for the assembly of the contractile apparatus. Recently, FHOD3 mutations have been found associated with heart diseases. We identified novel FHOD3 splicing variants differentially expressed in human tissues and provided evidences that FHOD3 transcripts are specific RBM20 and PTBP1 targets. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of RBM20 and PTBP1 promoted the alternative shift, from inclusion to exclusion, of selected FHOD3 exons. These results indicate that RBM20 and PTBP1 play a role in the actin filament functional organization mediated by FHOD3 isoforms and suggest their possible involvement in heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lorenzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - A Sangalli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - S Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - A Dal Molin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - G Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - D Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - M G Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ochoa JP, Sabater-molina M, García-pinilla JM, Mogensen J, Restrepo-córdoba A, Palomino-doza J, Villacorta E, Martinez-moreno M, Ramos-maqueda J, Zorio E, Peña-peña ML, García-granja PE, Rodríguez-palomares JF, Cárdenas-reyes IJ, de la Torre-carpente MM, Bautista-pavés A, Akhtar MM, Cicerchia MN, Bilbao-quesada R, Mogollón-jimenez MV, Salazar-mendiguchía J, Mesa Latorre JM, Arnaez B, Olavarri-miguel I, Fuentes-cañamero ME, Lamounier A, Pérez Ruiz JM, Climent-payá V, Pérez-sanchez I, Trujillo-quintero JP, Lopes LR, Repáraz-andrade A, Marín-iglesias R, Rodriguez-vilela A, Sandín-fuentes M, Garrote JA, Cortel-fuster A, Lopez-garrido M, Fontalba-romero A, Ripoll-vera T, Llano-rivas I, Fernandez-fernandez X, Isidoro-garcía M, Garcia-giustiniani D, Barriales-villa R, Ortiz-genga M, García-pavía P, Elliott PM, Gimeno JR, Monserrat L. Formin Homology 2 Domain Containing 3 (FHOD3) Is a Genetic Basis for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2457-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
41
|
McNamara JW, Sadayappan S. Skeletal myosin binding protein-C: An increasingly important regulator of striated muscle physiology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:121-128. [PMID: 30339776 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Myosin Binding Protein-C (MyBP-C) family is a group of sarcomeric proteins important for striated muscle structure and function. Comprising approximately 2% of the myofilament mass, MyBP-C has important roles in both contraction and relaxation. Three paralogs of MyBP-C are encoded by separate genes with distinct expression profiles in striated muscle. In mammals, cardiac MyBP-C is limited to the heart, and it is the most extensively studied owing to its involvement in cardiomyopathies. However, the roles of two skeletal paralogs, slow and fast, in muscle biology remain poorly characterized. Nonetheless, both have been recently implicated in the development of skeletal myopathies. This calls for a better understanding of their function in the pathophysiology of distal arthrogryposis. This review characterizes MyBP-C as a whole and points out knowledge gaps that still remain with respect to skeletal MyBP-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45236, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45236, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Refai O, Smit RB, Votra S, Pruyne D, Mains PE. Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:2277-90. [PMID: 29720391 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is the basic machinery that drives many morphogenetic events. Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a spheroid into a long, thin larva initially results from actomyosin contractility, mainly in the lateral epidermal seam cells, while the corresponding dorsal and ventral epidermal cells play a more passive role. This is followed by a later elongation phase involving muscle contraction. Early elongation is mediated by parallel genetic pathways involving LET-502/Rho kinase and MEL-11/MYPT myosin phosphatase in one pathway and FEM-2/PP2c phosphatase and PAK-1/p21 activated kinase in another. While the LET-502/MEL-11 pathway appears to act primarily in the lateral epidermis, here we show that FEM-2 can mediate early elongation when expressed in the dorsal and ventral epidermis. We also investigated the early elongation function of FHOD-1, a member of the formin family of actin nucleators and bundlers. Previous work showed that FHOD-1 acts in the LET-502/MEL-11 branch of the early elongation pathway as well as in muscle for sarcomere organization. Consistent with this, we found that lateral epidermal cell-specific expression of FHOD-1 is sufficient for elongation, and FHOD-1 effects on elongation appear to be independent of its role in muscle. Also, we found that fhod-1 encodes long and short isoforms that differ in the presence of a predicted coiled-coil domain. Based on tissue-specific expression constructions and an isoform-specific CRISPR allele, the two FHOD-1 isoforms show partially specialized epidermal or muscle function. Although fhod-1 shows only impenetrant elongation phenotypes, we were unable to detect redundancy with other C. elegans formin genes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hayashi T, Tanimoto K, Hirayama-Yamada K, Tsuda E, Ayusawa M, Nunoda S, Hosaki A, Kimura A. Genetic background of Japanese patients with pediatric hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:989-96. [PMID: 29907873 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) present a high risk for sudden cardiac death in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to identify disease-associated genetic variants in Japanese patients with pediatric HCM and RCM. We analyzed 67 cardiomyopathy-associated genes in 46 HCM and 7 RCM patients diagnosed before 16 years of age using a next-generation sequencing system. We found that 78% of HCM and 71% of RCM patients carried disease-associated genetic variants. Disease-associated genetic variants were identified in 80% of HCM patients with a family history and in 77% of HCM patients with no apparent family history (NFH). MYH7 and/or MYBPC3 variants comprised 76% of HCM-associated variants, whereas troponin complex-encoding genes comprised 75% of the RCM-associated variants. In addition, 91% of HCM patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and infant cases had NFH, and the 88% of HCM patients carrying disease-associated genetic variants were males who carried MYH7 or MYBPC3 variants. Moreover, two disease-associated LAMP2, one DES and one FHOD3 variants, were identified in HCM patients. In this study, pediatric HCM and RCM patients were found to carry disease-associated genetic variants at a high rate. Most of the variants were in MYH7 or MYPBC3 for HCM and TNNT2 or TNNI3 for RCM.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
It has been known for several decades that mutations in genes that encode for proteins involved in the control of actomyosin interactions such as the troponin complex, tropomyosin and MYBP-C and thus regulate contraction can lead to hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In recent years, it has become apparent that actin-binding proteins not directly involved in the regulation of contraction also can exhibit changed expression levels, show altered subcellular localisation or bear mutations that might lead to hereditary cardiomyopathies. The aim of this review is to look beyond the troponin/tropomyosin mechanism and to give an overview of the different types of actin-associated proteins and their potential roles in cardiomyocytes. It will then discuss recent findings relevant to their involvement in heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Medical Biosciences), London, UK. .,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, Room 3.26A, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Matsuyama S, Kage Y, Fujimoto N, Ushijima T, Tsuruda T, Kitamura K, Shiose A, Asada Y, Sumimoto H, Takeya R. Interaction between cardiac myosin-binding protein C and formin Fhod3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4386-95. [PMID: 29686099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716498115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are a major cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although cMyBP-C has been considered to regulate the cardiac function via cross-bridge arrangement at the C-zone of the myosin-containing A-band, the mechanism by which cMyBP-C functions remains unclear. We identified formin Fhod3, an actin organizer essential for the formation and maintenance of cardiac sarcomeres, as a cMyBP-C-binding protein. The cardiac-specific N-terminal Ig-like domain of cMyBP-C directly interacts with the cardiac-specific N-terminal region of Fhod3. The interaction seems to direct the localization of Fhod3 to the C-zone, since a noncardiac Fhod3 variant lacking the cMyBP-C-binding region failed to localize to the C-zone. Conversely, the cardiac variant of Fhod3 failed to localize to the C-zone in the cMyBP-C-null mice, which display a phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathic phenotype of cMyBP-C-null mice was further exacerbated by Fhod3 overexpression with a defect of sarcomere integrity, whereas that was partially ameliorated by a reduction in the Fhod3 protein levels, suggesting that Fhod3 has a deleterious effect on cardiac function under cMyBP-C-null conditions where Fhod3 is aberrantly mislocalized. Together, these findings suggest the possibility that Fhod3 contributes to the pathogenesis of cMyBP-C-related cardiomyopathy and that Fhod3 is critically involved in cMyBP-C-mediated regulation of cardiac function via direct interaction.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Muscle cells are designed to generate force and movement. There are three types of mammalian muscles-skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and move them relative to each other. Cardiac muscle comprises the heart, which pumps blood through the vasculature. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are known as striated muscles, because the filaments of actin and myosin that power their contraction are organized into repeating arrays, called sarcomeres, that have a striated microscopic appearance. Smooth muscle does not contain sarcomeres but uses the contraction of filaments of actin and myosin to constrict blood vessels and move the contents of hollow organs in the body. Here, we review the principal molecular organization of the three types of muscle and their contractile regulation through signaling mechanisms and discuss their major structural and functional similarities that hint at the possible evolutionary relationships between the cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267
| | - David W Hammers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ushijima T, Fujimoto N, Matsuyama S, Kan-O M, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Kage Y, Yamasaki S, Takeya R, Sumimoto H. The actin-organizing formin protein Fhod3 is required for postnatal development and functional maintenance of the adult heart in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:148-162. [PMID: 29158260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development and function require actin-myosin interactions in the sarcomere, a highly organized contractile structure. Sarcomere assembly mediated by formin homology 2 domain-containing 3 (Fhod3), a member of formins that directs formation of straight actin filaments, is essential for embryonic cardiogenesis. However, the role of Fhod3 in the neonatal and adult stages has remained unknown. Here, we generated floxed Fhod3 mice to bypass the embryonic lethality of an Fhod3 knockout (KO). Perinatal KO of Fhod3 in the heart caused juvenile lethality at around day 10 after birth with enlarged hearts composed of severely impaired myofibrils, indicating that Fhod3 is crucial for postnatal heart development. Tamoxifen-induced conditional KO of Fhod3 in the adult heart neither led to lethal effects nor did it affect sarcomere structure and localization of sarcomere components. However, adult Fhod3-deleted mice exhibited a slight cardiomegaly and mild impairment of cardiac function, conditions that were sustained over 1 year without compensation during aging. In addition to these age-related changes, systemic stimulation with the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine, which induces sustained hypertension and hypertrophy development, induced expression of fetal cardiac genes that was more pronounced in adult Fhod3-deleted mice than in the control mice, suggesting that Fhod3 modulates hypertrophic changes in the adult heart. We conclude that Fhod3 plays a crucial role in both postnatal cardiac development and functional maintenance of the adult heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ushijima
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Noriko Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Sho Matsuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692
| | - Meikun Kan-O
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, Kobe 650-0047; Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047
| | - Yohko Kage
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryu Takeya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692.
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ben-Avraham D, Karasik D, Verghese J, Lunetta KL, Smith JA, Eicher JD, Vered R, Deelen J, Arnold AM, Buchman AS, Tanaka T, Faul JD, Nethander M, Fornage M, Adams HH, Matteini AM, Callisaya ML, Smith AV, Yu L, De Jager PL, Evans DA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Pattie A, Corley J, Launer LJ, Knopman DS, Parimi N, Turner ST, Bandinelli S, Beekman M, Gutman D, Sharvit L, Mooijaart SP, Liewald DC, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Ohlsson C, Moed M, Verlinden VJ, Mellström D, van der Geest JN, Karlsson M, Hernandez D, McWhirter R, Liu Y, Thomson R, Tranah GJ, Uitterlinden AG, Weir DR, Zhao W, Starr JM, Johnson AD, Ikram MA, Bennett DA, Cummings SR, Deary IJ, Harris TB, Kardia SLR, Mosley TH, Srikanth VK, Windham BG, Newman AB, Walston JD, Davies G, Evans DS, Slagboom EP, Ferrucci L, Kiel DP, Murabito JM, Atzmon G. The complex genetics of gait speed: genome-wide meta-analysis approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:209-246. [PMID: 28077804 PMCID: PMC5310665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the basis for variation in late-life mobility is attributable, in part, to genetic factors, which may become increasingly important with age. Our objective was to systematically assess the contribution of genetic variation to gait speed in older individuals. We conducted a meta-analysis of gait speed GWASs in 31,478 older adults from 17 cohorts of the CHARGE consortium, and validated our results in 2,588 older adults from 4 independent studies. We followed our initial discoveries with network and eQTL analysis of candidate signals in tissues. The meta-analysis resulted in a list of 536 suggestive genome wide significant SNPs in or near 69 genes. Further interrogation with Pathway Analysis placed gait speed as a polygenic complex trait in five major networks. Subsequent eQTL analysis revealed several SNPs significantly associated with the expression of PRSS16, WDSUB1 and PTPRT, which in addition to the meta-analysis and pathway suggested that genetic effects on gait speed may occur through synaptic function and neuronal development pathways. No genome-wide significant signals for gait speed were identified from this moderately large sample of older adults, suggesting that more refined physical function phenotypes will be needed to identify the genetic basis of gait speed in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ben-Avraham
- Department of Medicine and Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA.,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Joe Verghese
- Integrated Divisions of Cognitive & Motor Aging (Neurology) and Geriatrics (Medicine), Montefiore-Einstein Center for the Aging Brain, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Rotem Vered
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joris Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln, Germany
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Maria Nethander
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amy M Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Medicine, Peninsula Health, Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Frankston, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Gutman
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherland
| | - David C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat
- Genetical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherland. Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthijs Moed
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebekah McWhirter
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, and Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Velandai K Srikanth
- Medicine, Peninsula Health, Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Frankston, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Ann B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA 02131, USA.,Co senior authors
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Co senior authors
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine and Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Co senior authors
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Patel AA, Oztug Durer ZA, van Loon AP, Bremer KV, Quinlan ME. Drosophila and human FHOD family formin proteins nucleate actin filaments. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:532-540. [PMID: 29127202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formins are a conserved group of proteins that nucleate and processively elongate actin filaments. Among them, the formin homology domain-containing protein (FHOD) family of formins contributes to contractility of striated muscle and cell motility in several contexts. However, the mechanisms by which they carry out these functions remain poorly understood. Mammalian FHOD proteins were reported not to accelerate actin assembly in vitro; instead, they were proposed to act as barbed end cappers or filament bundlers. Here, we show that purified Drosophila Fhod and human FHOD1 both accelerate actin assembly by nucleation. The nucleation activity of FHOD1 is restricted to cytoplasmic actin, whereas Drosophila Fhod potently nucleates both cytoplasmic and sarcomeric actin isoforms. Drosophila Fhod binds tightly to barbed ends, where it slows elongation in the absence of profilin and allows, but does not accelerate, elongation in the presence of profilin. Fhod antagonizes capping protein but dissociates from barbed ends relatively quickly. Finally, we determined that Fhod binds the sides of and bundles actin filaments. This work establishes that Fhod shares the capacity of other formins to nucleate and bundle actin filaments but is notably less effective at processively elongating barbed ends than most well studied formins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aanand A Patel
- From the Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program
| | | | | | | | - Margot E Quinlan
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and .,the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fowler VM, Dominguez R. Tropomodulins and Leiomodins: Actin Pointed End Caps and Nucleators in Muscles. Biophys J 2017; 112:1742-1760. [PMID: 28494946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal structures characterized by actin filaments with uniform lengths, including the thin filaments of striated muscles and the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, use barbed and pointed-end capping proteins to control subunit addition/dissociation at filament ends. While several proteins cap the barbed end, tropomodulins (Tmods), a family of four closely related isoforms in vertebrates, are the only proteins known to specifically cap the pointed end. Tmods are ∼350 amino acids in length, and comprise alternating tropomyosin- and actin-binding sites (TMBS1, ABS1, TMBS2, and ABS2). Leiomodins (Lmods) are related in sequence to Tmods, but display important differences, including most notably the lack of TMBS2 and the presence of a C-terminal extension featuring a proline-rich domain and an actin-binding WASP-Homology 2 domain. The Lmod subfamily comprises three somewhat divergent isoforms expressed predominantly in muscle cells. Biochemically, Lmods differ from Tmods, acting as powerful nucleators of actin polymerization, not capping proteins. Structurally, Lmods and Tmods display crucial differences that correlate well with their different biochemical activities. Physiologically, loss of Lmods in striated muscle results in cardiomyopathy or nemaline myopathy, whereas complete loss of Tmods leads to failure of myofibril assembly and developmental defects. Yet, interpretation of some of the in vivo data has led to the idea that Tmods and Lmods are interchangeable or, at best, different variants of two subfamilies of pointed-end capping proteins. Here, we review and contrast the existing literature on Tmods and Lmods, and propose a model of Lmod function that attempts to reconcile the in vitro and in vivo data, whereby Lmods nucleate actin filaments that are subsequently capped by Tmods during sarcomere assembly, turnover, and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Velia M Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|