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Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wolstenholme JT, Duong NK, Brocato ER, Bajaj JS. Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:01. [PMID: 38322428 PMCID: PMC10843328 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "alcohol." SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nikki K. Duong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
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Xu C, Sarver DC, Lei X, Sahagun A, Zhong J, Na CH, Rudich A, Wong GW. CTRP6 promotes the macrophage inflammatory response, and its deficiency attenuates LPS-induced inflammation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105566. [PMID: 38103643 PMCID: PMC10789631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in inflammation and tissue homeostasis, and their functions are regulated by various autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors. We have previously shown that CTRP6, a secreted protein of the C1q family, targets both adipocytes and macrophages to promote obesity-linked inflammation. However, the gene programs and signaling pathways directly regulated by CTRP6 in macrophages remain unknown. Here, we combine transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to show that CTRP6 activates inflammatory gene programs and signaling pathways in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Treatment of BMDMs with CTRP6 upregulated proinflammatory, and suppressed the antiinflammatory, gene expression. We also showed that CTRP6 activates p44/42-MAPK, p38-MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways to promote inflammatory cytokine secretion from BMDMs, and that pharmacologic inhibition of these signaling pathways markedly attenuated the effects of CTRP6. Pretreatment of BMDMs with CTRP6 also sensitized and potentiated the BMDMs response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory signaling and cytokine secretion. Consistent with the metabolic phenotype of proinflammatory macrophages, CTRP6 treatment induced a shift toward aerobic glycolysis and lactate production, reduced oxidative metabolism, and elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in BMDMs. Importantly, in accordance with our in vitro findings, BMDMs from CTRP6-deficient mice were less inflammatory at baseline and showed a marked suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion. Finally, loss of CTRP6 in mice also dampened LPS-induced inflammation and hypothermia. Collectively, our findings suggest that CTRP6 regulates and primes the macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli and thus may have a role in modulating tissue inflammatory tone in different physiological and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ageline Sahagun
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Delta Omics Inc, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ait Ahmed Y, Lafdil F, Tacke F. Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases. Hepat Med 2023; 15:113-127. [PMID: 37753346 PMCID: PMC10519224 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s326468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver disease occurs from several pathological disturbances such as the metabolism of ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the immune response to these changes. A common hallmark of these liver affections is the establishment of an inflammatory environment, and some (broad) anti-inflammatory approaches are used to treat AH (eg, corticosteroids). Macrophages, which represent the main innate immune cells in the liver, respond to a wide variety of (pathogenic) stimuli and adopt a large spectrum of phenotypes. This translates to a diversity of functions including pathogen and debris clearance, recruitment of other immune cells, activation of fibroblasts, or tissue repair. Thus, macrophage populations play a crucial role in the course of ALD, but the underlying mechanisms driving macrophage polarization and their functionality in ALD are complex. In this review, we explore the various populations of hepatic macrophages in alcohol-associated liver disease and the underlying mechanisms driving their polarization. Additionally, we summarize the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and other hepatic cell types in ALD, in order to support the exploration of targeted therapeutics by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U955, Créteil, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4250. [PMID: 37686525 PMCID: PMC10486522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, these adipokines participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connect to angiogenesis, which is critical for cancer invasiveness and cancer cell migration. In addition, an enormous amount of evidence has demonstrated that altered concentrations of these adipocyte-derived hormones and the expression of their receptors in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Therefore, leptin and adiponectin dysfunction play a prominent role in cancer and impact tumor invasion and metastasis in different ways. This review clearly and comprehensively summarizes the recent findings and presents the role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer initiation, promotion and progression, focusing on associations with the tumor microenvironment and its components as well as roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.-H.); (B.K.-K.)
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Siggins RW, McTernan PM, Simon L, Souza-Smith FM, Molina PE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: At the Nexus between Alcohol-Associated Immunometabolic Dysregulation and Tissue Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8650. [PMID: 37239997 PMCID: PMC10218577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse, directly or indirectly as a result of its metabolism, negatively impacts most tissues, including four with critical roles in energy metabolism regulation: the liver, pancreas, adipose, and skeletal muscle. Mitochondria have long been studied for their biosynthetic roles, such as ATP synthesis and initiation of apoptosis. However, current research has provided evidence that mitochondria participate in myriad cellular processes, including immune activation, nutrient sensing in pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cell differentiation. The literature indicates that alcohol impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disrupting mitochondrial dynamics, leading to dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation. As discussed in this review, mitochondrial dyshomeostasis emerges at a nexus between alcohol-disrupted cellular energy metabolism and tissue injury. Here, we highlight this link and focus on alcohol-mediated disruption of immunometabolism, which refers to two distinct, yet interrelated processes. Extrinsic immunometabolism involves processes whereby immune cells and their products influence cellular and/or tissue metabolism. Intrinsic immunometabolism describes immune cell fuel utilization and bioenergetics that affect intracellular processes. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysregulation negatively impacts immunometabolism in immune cells, contributing to tissue injury. This review will present the current state of literature, describing alcohol-mediated metabolic and immunometabolic dysregulation from a mitochondrial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Siggins
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrick M. McTernan
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Wang Y, Groeger S, Yong J, Ruf S. Orthodontic Compression Enhances Macrophage M2 Polarization via Histone H3 Hyperacetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043117. [PMID: 36834533 PMCID: PMC9958841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex periodontal remodeling process triggered by compression that involves sterile inflammation and immune responses. Macrophages are mechanically sensitive immune cells, but their role in orthodontic tooth movement is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that orthodontic force can activate macrophages, and their activation may be associated with orthodontic root resorption. After force-loading and/or adiponectin application, the migration function of macrophages was tested via scratch assay, and Nos2, Il1b, Arg1, Il10, ApoE, and Saa3 expression levels were detected using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, H3 histone acetylation was measured using an acetylation detection kit. The specific inhibitor of H3 histone, I-BET762, was deployed to observe its effect on macrophages. In addition, cementoblasts were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium or compression force, and OPG production and cellular migration were measured. We further detected Piezo1 expression in cementoblasts via qRT-PCR and Western-blot, and its effect on the force-induced impairment of cementoblastic functions was also analyzed. Compressive force significantly inhibited macrophage migration. Nos2 was up-regulated 6 h after force-loading. Il1b, Arg1, Il10, Saa3, and ApoE increased after 24 h. Meanwhile, higher H3 histone acetylation was detected in the macrophages subjected to compression, and I-BET762 dampened the expression of M2 polarization markers (Arg1 and Il10). Lastly, even though the activated macrophage-conditioned medium showed no effect on cementoblasts, compressive force directly impaired cementoblastic function by enhancing mechanoreceptor Piezo1. Compressive force activates macrophages; specifically, it causes M2 polarization via H3 histone acetylation in the late stage. Compression-induced orthodontic root resorption is macrophage-independent, but it involves the activation of mechanoreceptor Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Wang S, Wang G, Tang YD, Li S, Qin L, Wang M, Yang YB, Gottschalk M, Cai X. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Induces Splenomegaly with Splenocyte Apoptosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0321022. [PMID: 36287014 PMCID: PMC9769541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03210-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the damage to the important peripheral immune organ spleen caused by Streptococcus suis infection. In this study, we found that S. suis induced splenomegaly and lymphocyte disruption in spleens of mice. To explore the mechanism of splenic lesions induced by S. suis, we conducted further studies. The results showed that S. suis induced apoptosis in B cells, which is related to the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Thus, S. suis induced apoptosis in the spleen through caspase-dependent and AIF-independent pathways. Inflammation lesions induced in the spleen of infected mice were also investigated; we found macrophages increased in histopathological lesions of infected spleens from 12 h postinoculation to 7 days postinoculation (dpi), and the type of increased macrophages was M1 type by confocal microscopy, which can secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, inflammasome NLRP3 and caspase-1 were activated, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was cleaved, which causes pyroptosis that may result in the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. What's more, the increase of p-JNK and p-p38 indicated that the MAPK pathway was also involved in the proinflammatory responses during S. suis infection, whereas anti-inflammatory responses in spleen were suppressed, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulating at 1 dpi. Taken together, proinflammatory immune responses dominate in early infection, which induce splenomegaly and splenocyte apoptosis. This is the first report of mechanisms associated with S. suis-induced splenic lesions. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is considered an emerging pathogen and represents a threat to humans and animals. The spleen is an important peripheral immune organ, and splenomegaly is a consequence of lesions and an important clinical indicator of S. suis infection. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spleen lesions is still very limited. In the present work, we made the investigation to explain the phenomenon and the related immunomodulation in a mouse infection model. The obtained results show that inflammation contributes to splenomegaly, while apoptosis contributes to lymphocyte disruption in spleens. Related signaling pathways were discovered which have never been associated with S. suis-induced splenic injury. The new knowledge generated will help us better understand the mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Aragón-Vela J, Alcalá-Bejarano Carrillo J, Moreno-Racero A, Plaza-Diaz J. The Role of Molecular and Hormonal Factors in Obesity and the Effects of Physical Activity in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15413. [PMID: 36499740 PMCID: PMC9737554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are defined as abnormal fat accumulations. Adipose tissue consists of more than merely adipocytes; each adipocyte is closely coupled with the extracellular matrix. Adipose tissue stores excess energy through expansion. Obesity is caused by the abnormal expansion of adipose tissue as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The process of obesity is controlled by several molecules, such as integrins, kindlins, or matrix metalloproteinases. In children with obesity, metabolomics studies have provided insight into the existence of unique metabolic profiles. As a result of low-grade inflammation in the system, abnormalities were observed in several metabolites associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid pathways. In addition, obesity and related hormones, such as leptin, play an instrumental role in regulating food intake and contributing to childhood obesity. The World Health Organization states that physical activity benefits the heart, the body, and the mind. Several noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, can be prevented and managed through physical activity. In this work, we reviewed pediatric studies that examined the molecular and hormonal control of obesity and the influence of physical activity on children with obesity or overweight. The purpose of this review was to examine some orchestrators involved in this disease and how they are related to pediatric populations. A larger number of randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term studies could lead to the discovery of new key molecules as well as the detection of significant factors in the coming years. In order to improve the health of the pediatric population, omics analyses and machine learning techniques can be combined in order to improve treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, Building B3, Campus s/n “Las Lagunillas”, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcalá-Bejarano Carrillo
- Department of Health, University of the Valley of Mexico, Robles 600, Tecnologico I, San Luis Potosí 78220, Mexico
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Aurora Moreno-Racero
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Liu C, Lu Y, Du P, Yang F, Guo P, Tang X, Diao L, Lu G. Mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with proinflammatory cytokines accelerate skin wound healing by promoting macrophages migration and M2 polarization. Regen Ther 2022; 21:192-200. [PMID: 35983499 PMCID: PMC9356027 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions We found that S-IT MSCs were better at promoting macrophage migration and activation than S-MSCs in vitro. Next, we reconfirmed that S-IT MSCs were more effective than S-MSCs in accelerating wound closure by promoting macrophage migration and activation. High levels of CCL2 and IL-6 in S-IT MSCs may play a key role in improving macrophage function.
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Han HT, Jin WL, Li X. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases. Mol Biomed 2022; 3:23. [PMID: 35895169 PMCID: PMC9326420 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
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Guo J, Zhu K, Li Z, Xiao C, Yang X. Adiponectin Protects Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Suppressing Autophagy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36300016 PMCID: PMC9592213 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8433464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a cytokine produced by adipocytes and acts as a potential cardioprotective agent and plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In a myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation model using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, we investigated the contribution of adiponectin-mediated autophagy to its cardioprotective effects. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation pretreated with or without adiponectin in the presence of absence of rapamycin. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p62/sequestosome 1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), and Beclin-1. Autophagosome formation was detected by monodansylcadaverine staining. We found that hypoxia induced a time dependent decline in cardiomyocyte viability, and increase in autophagy and reoxygenation further augmented hypoxia-induced autophagy induction and consequently reduced cell viability. Adiponectin treatment alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cellular damage and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Adiponectin treatment also attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation-promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy even in the presence of another autophagy stimulator rapamycin in part by inhibiting vacuolar hydron-adenosine triphosphatase. Additionally, autophagy suppression by adiponectin during hypoxia/reoxygenation was associated with the attenuated phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1, augmented phosphorylation of mTOR, and the reduced protein expression levels of Beclin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that adiponectin protects ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocytes by suppressing autophagy in part through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/Beclin-1 signaling pathway.
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Wilson A, Garmo LC, Podgorski I. Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Horckmans M, Diaz Villamil E, Bianchini M, De Roeck L, Communi D. Central role of PD-L1 in cardioprotection resulting from P2Y4 nucleotide receptor loss. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006934. [PMID: 36248854 PMCID: PMC9555169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the immune function of pericardial adipose tissue is essential to adapt treatments after myocardial infarction. We showed previously that inactivation of mouse P2Y4 nucleotide receptor induces adiponectin overexpression and protection against myocardial infarction. We investigated here the inflammatory state of pericardial adipose tissue in ischemic P2Y4-deficient mice. We demonstrated that P2Y4-deficient mice displayed adipocyte beiging with increased PD-L1 expression and a higher number of regulatory leukocytes in their pericardial adipose tissue after left anterior descending artery ligation, compared to wild type mice. Effectively, a higher level of anti-inflammatory M2c macrophages and regulatory T cells was observed in pericardial adipose tissue of P2Y4 KO mice and correlated with reduced post-ischemic expansion of fat-associated lymphoid clusters. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory effects observed in P2Y4 KO mice, were no more observed in P2Y4/adiponectin double KO ischemic mice. Finally, the reduction of T cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis observed in P2Y4-deficient heart was lost after injection of anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody in ischemic mice. The present study defines P2Y4 as a regulator of PD-L1 and adiponectin, and as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapies to improve myocardial infarction outcome. The combined effect of P2Y4 loss on adipocyte beiging and regulatory leukocyte increase highlights this nucleotide receptor as an important player in post-ischemic cardiac response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horckmans
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esteban Diaz Villamil
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardio-vascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, German
| | - Lucas De Roeck
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Communi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Didier Communi,
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Gabriela Bungau S, Radu AF, El-Saber Batiha G. The potential molecular implications of adiponectin in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2: Inbuilt tendency. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2022; 34:102347. [PMID: 36211634 PMCID: PMC9524222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine concerned in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation. APN plays a critical role in viral infections by regulating the immune response through its anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory axis. Reduction of APN may augment the severity of viral infections because APN inhibits immune cells’ response via suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways and stimulation of adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, APN inhibits the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and regulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-18, IL-6). In COVID-19, abnormalities of the fatty tissue due to oxidative stress (OS) and hyperinflammation may inhibit the production and release of APN. APN has lung-protective effect and can prevent SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through the amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction (ED) and stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). It has been established that there is a potential correlation between inflammatory signal transduction pathways and APN that contributes to the development of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Deregulation of these molecular pathways affects the expression of APN and vice versa. In addition, the reduction of APN effect in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a potential cause of the exacerbation of pro-inflammatory effects which are associated with the disease severity. In this context, exploratory, developmental, and extensive prospective studies are necessary.
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Liu C, Xu Y, Lu Y, Du P, Li X, Wang C, Guo P, Diao L, Lu G. Mesenchymal stromal cells pretreated with proinflammatory cytokines enhance skin wound healing via IL-6-dependent M2 polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:414. [PMID: 35964139 PMCID: PMC9375394 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) promote cutaneous wound healing via paracrine signaling. Our previous study found that the secretome of MSCs was significantly amplified by treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α (IT). It has been known that macrophages are involved in the initiation and termination of inflammation, secretion of growth factors, phagocytosis, cell proliferation, and collagen deposition in wound, which is the key factor during wound healing. In this study, we aim to test whether the supernatant of MSCs pretreated with IT (S-IT MSCs) possesses a more pronounced effect on improving wound healing and describe the interplay between S-IT MSCs and macrophages as well as the potential mechanism in skin wound healing. METHODS In the present study, we used a unique supernatant of MSCs from human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) pretreated with IT, designated S-IT MSCs, subcutaneously injected into a mice total skin excision. We evaluated the effect of S-IT MSCs on the speed and quality of wound repair via IT MSCs-derived IL-6-dependent M2 polarization in vivo by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), Masson's trichrome staining, Sirius red staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In addition, the effect of S-IT MSCs on the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype and the potential mechanism of it were also investigated in vitro by flow cytometry (FCM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tube formation assay, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with control supernatant (S-MSCs), our H&E and IF results showed that S-IT MSCs were more effectively in promoting macrophages convert to the M2 phenotype and enhancing phagocytosis of M2 macrophages. Meanwhile, the results of tube formation assay, IHC, Masson's trichrome staining, Sirius red staining showed that the abilities of M2 phenotype to promote vascularization and collagen deposition were significantly enhanced by S-IT MSCs-treated, thereby accelerating higher quality wound healing. Further, our ELISA, FCM, qPCR and western blot results showed that IL-6 was highly enriched in S-IT MSCs and acted as a key regulator to induce macrophages convert to the M2 phenotype through IL-6-dependent signaling pathways, ultimately achieving the above function of promoting wound repair. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that the S-IT MSCs is more capable of eliciting M2 polarization of macrophages via IL-6-dependent signaling pathways and accelerating wound healing, which may represent a new strategy for optimizing the therapeutic effect of MSCs on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Liu
- Nanjng University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Nanjng, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Nanjng University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Nanjng, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichi Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Du
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Nanjng University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Nanjng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengchun Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Diao
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Nanjng University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Nanjng, Jiangsu, China. .,Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang L, He C. Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967193. [PMID: 36032081 PMCID: PMC9411667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). The transition of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes can play a key role in building the intra-articular microenvironment. The pro-inflammatory cascade induced by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is closely related to M1 macrophages, resulting in the production of pro-chondrolytic mediators. However, IL-10, IL1RA, CCL-18, IGF, and TGF are closely related to M2 macrophages, leading to the protection of cartilage and the promoted regeneration. The inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway is central in OA treatment via controlling inflammatory responses in macrophages, while the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears not to attract widespread attention in the field. Nrf2 is a transcription factor encoding a large number of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of Nrf2 can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can also have complex crosstalk with NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of Nrf2 can inhibit the M1 polarization and promote the M2 polarization through potential signaling transductions including TGF-β/SMAD, TLR/NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, with the regulation or cooperation of Notch, NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. And the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the negative regulation of Nrf2 for NF-κB can be the main mechanisms for promotion. Furthermore, the candidates of OA treatment by activating Nrf2 to promote M2 phenotype macrophages in OA are also reviewed in this work, such as itaconate and fumarate derivatives, curcumin, quercetin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chengqi He,
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhu Q, Zhu X, Xue L, Xiong J, Chen Y, Wu C, Guo Y, Li Y, Wu M, Wang S. Adipose tissue and ovarian aging: Potential mechanism and protective strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101683. [PMID: 35817297 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs approximately 10 years prior to the natural age-associated functional decline of other organ systems. With the increase of life expectancy worldwide, ovarian aging has gradually become a key health problem among women. Therefore, understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging is very essential for the inhibition of age-related diseases and the promotion of health and longevity in women. Recently, studies have revealed an association between adipose tissue (AT) and ovarian aging. Alterations in the function and quantity of AT have profound consequences on ovarian function because AT is central for follicular development, lipid metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Moreover, the interplay between AT and the ovary is bidirectional, with ovary-derived signals directly affecting AT biology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the AT and ovarian aging, and further discuss how therapeutic targeting of the AT can delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yibao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liru Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chuqing Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yican Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Li XW, Wu P, Yao J, Zhang K, Jin GY. Genistein Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR4-Mediated Microglial Polarization. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:4790344. [PMID: 35498148 PMCID: PMC9054478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4790344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to study the effect of genistein on spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods We established SCI mouse model, and genistein was administered for treatment. We used the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) exercise rating scale to evaluate exercise recovery, and the detection of spinal cord edema was done using the wet/dry weight method. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining, and inflammation was evaluated by measuring inflammatory factors by an ELISA kit. The expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers was determined using flow cytometry, and the expression of proteins was detected using immunoblotting. Results Genistein treatment not only improved the BBB score but also reduced spinal cord edema in SCI mice. Genistein treatment reduced apoptosis by increasing Bcl2 protein expression and decreasing Bax and caspase 3 protein expression. It also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in the SCI area of SCI mice. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that genistein treatment significantly decreased the ratio of M1 macrophages (CD45+/Gr-1-/CD11b+/iNOS+) and increased the ratio of M2 macrophages (CD45+/Gr-1-/CD11b+/Arginase 1+) in the SCI area of SCI mice on the 28th day after being treated with genistein. We also found that genistein treatment significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 protein in the SCI area of SCI mice on 28th day after being treated with genistein. Conclusion Our findings suggested that genistein exerted neuroprotective action by inhibiting neuroinflammation by promoting the activation of M2 macrophages, and its underlying mechanisms might be related to the inhibition of the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, 214000 Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, 214000 Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, 214000 Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Yang Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, 214000 Wuxi, China
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Peng J, Huang H, Huan Q, Liao C, Guo Z, Hu D, Shen X, Xiao H. Adiponectin Deficiency Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity of CD8+ T Cells in Rhabdomyosarcoma Through Inhibiting STAT3 Activation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847088. [PMID: 35530361 PMCID: PMC9074303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring the tumor-killing function of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment is an important strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Our previous study indicated that adiponectin (APN) deficiency reprogramed tumor-associated macrophages into an M1-like phenotype to inhibit rhabdomyosarcoma growth. However, whether APN can directly regulate the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells remains unknown. In the present study, our results showed that exogenous APN inhibited in vitro CD8+ T cell migration as well as cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α production. APN deficiency in vivo strengthened CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity to restrain rhabdomyosarcoma, evidenced by an increase in the expression of IFN-γ and perforin in CD8+ T cells and the frequency of CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as increasing cytokine production of IFN-γ, perforin, TNF-α, and decreasing cytokine production of IL-10 in the serum. Mechanistically, STAT3 was identified as a target of APN in negatively regulating the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells. In vivo, a STAT3 inhibitor remarkably increased CD8+ as well as CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Taken together, we substantiated that APN deficiency directly maintains the activation of CD8+ T cells to inhibit rhabdomyosarcoma growth by suppressing STAT3 activation, indicating a promising APN-based therapy for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuchan Huan
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zebin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Xiao,
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Chen X, Deng S, Lu W, Hassan I. Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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Shchepikhin EI, Shmelev EI, Zaytseva AS. Respiratory diseases and obesity: special phenotype or independent events: Review. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:442-447. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.03.201412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination of factors, including Western European eating habits, physical inactivity and genetic predisposition, lead to a dramatic increase in adipose tissue mass. A special place is occupied by abdominal obesity, in which there is an accumulation of adipose tissue in the mesentery of the small intestine and the omentum. Developing in conditions of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation are one of the key components of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver and pancreas disease, polycystic ovary disease, some forms of cancer (breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colonic and direct intestines). At the same time, the pathogenetic role of adipose tissue is not limited to its participation in the formation of the cardiometabolic continuum and oncogenesis. The most important role of metabolically active fat in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases is known, including bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension. This paper presents an overview of current data on immunological, pathophysiological and clinical features of the phenotype of the combination of respiratory diseases with overweight and obesity.
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Mogilenko DA, Danko K, Larionova EE, Shavva VS, Kudriavtsev IV, Nekrasova EV, Burnusuz AV, Gorbunov NP, Trofimov AV, Zhakhov AV, Ivanov IA, Orlov SV. Differentiation of human macrophages with anaphylatoxin C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization and decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine secretion. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:186-204. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Katerina Danko
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Igor V Kudriavtsev
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Alexandra V Burnusuz
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Nikolay P Gorbunov
- The Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
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Zhou Q, Ren Q, Jiao L, Huang J, Yi J, Chen J, Lai J, Ji G, Zheng T. The potential roles of JAK/STAT signaling in the progression of osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069057. [PMID: 36506076 PMCID: PMC9729341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related chronic progressive degenerative disease that induces persistent pain and disabilities. The development of OA is a complex process, and the risk factors are various, including aging, genetics, trauma and altered biomechanics. Inflammation and immunity play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. JAK/STAT pathway is one of the most prominent intracellular signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Inflammatory factors can act as the initiators of JAK/STAT pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiological activity of chondrocyte. In this article, we provide a review on the importance of JAK/STAT pathway in the pathological development of OA. Potentially, JAK/STAT pathway becomes a therapeutic target for managing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingluo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linhui Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jishang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jincai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglin Ji, ; Tiansheng Zheng,
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglin Ji, ; Tiansheng Zheng,
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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Jiang H, Pu Y, Li ZH, Liu W, Deng Y, Liang R, Zhang XM, Zuo HD. Adiponectin, May Be a Potential Protective Factor for Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1305-1319. [PMID: 35510046 PMCID: PMC9058006 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s359330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in elderly individuals and seriously affects quality of life. OA has often been thought to be caused by body weight load, but studies have increasingly shown that OA is an inflammation-mediated metabolic disease. The current existing evidence suggests that OA is associated with obesity-related chronic inflammation as well as abnormal lipid metabolism in obesity, such as fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides. Adiponectin, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, can affect the progression of OA by regulating obesity-related inflammatory factors. However, the specific molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. According to previous research, adiponectin can promote the metabolism of FA and triglycerides, which indicates that it is a potential protective factor for OA through many mechanisms. This article aims to review the mechanisms of chronic inflammation, FA and triglycerides in OA, as well as the potential mechanisms of adiponectin in regulating chronic inflammation and promoting FA and triglyceride metabolism. Therefore, adiponectin may have a protective effect on obesity-related OA, which could provide new insight into adiponectin and the related mechanisms in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Pu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Hui Li
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Deng
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hou-Dong Zuo, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-817-2587621, Email
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Lee S, Lee M. MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13559. [PMID: 34948353 PMCID: PMC8709004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a state of abnormal fat accumulation caused by an energy imbalance potentially caused by changes in multiple factors. MEK6 engages in cell growth, such as inflammation and apoptosis, as one of the MAPK signaling pathways. The MEK6 gene was found to be related to RMR, a gene associated with obesity. Because only a few studies have investigated the correlation between MEK6 and obesity or the relevant mechanisms, we conducted an experiment using a TgMEK6 model with MEK6 overexpression with non-Tg and chow diet as the control to determine changes in lipid metabolism in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue after a 15-week high-fat diet (HFD). MEK6 overexpression in the TgMEK6 model significantly increased body weight and plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. p38 activity declined in the liver and adipose tissues and lowered lipolysis, oxidation, and thermogenesis levels, contributing to decreased energy consumption. In the liver, lipid formation and accumulation increased, and in adipose, adipogenesis and hypertrophy increased. The adiponectin/leptin ratio significantly declined in plasma and adipose tissue of the TgMEK6 group following MEK6 expression and the HFD, indicating the role of MEK6 expression in adipokine regulation. Plasma and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) of the TgMEK6 group increased MEK6 expression-dependent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines but decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, further exacerbating the results exhibited by the diet-induced obesity group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the synergistic effect of MEK6 with HFD in fat accumulation by significantly inhibiting the mechanisms of lipolysis in the adipose and M2 associated cytokines secretion in the BMDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea;
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity. Functional signal transduction of adiponectin requires at least one of the receptors AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, but additionally the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule, T-cadherin. Overnutrition causes a reduction in adiponectin synthesis and an increase in the circulating levels of the enzyme glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase D (GPI-PLD). GPI-PLD promotes the hydrolysis of T-cadherin. The functional consequence of T-cadherin hydrolysis is a reduction in adiponectin sequestration by responsive tissues, an augmentation of adiponectin levels in circulation and a (further) reduction in signal transduction. This process creates the paradoxical situation that adiponectin levels are augmented, whereas the adiponectin signal transduction and insulin sensitivity remain strongly impaired. Although both hypoadiponectinemia and hyperadiponectinemia reflect a situation of insulin resistance, the treatments are likely to be different.
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Lee S, Pham DV, Park PH. Sestrin2 induction contributes to anti-inflammatory responses and cell survival by globular adiponectin in macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 45:38-50. [PMID: 34797495 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits a modulatory effect on cell death/survival and possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible metabolic protein, has shown cytoprotective and inflammation-modulatory effects under stressful conditions. In this study, we examined the role of sestrin2 signaling in the modulation of cell survival and inflammatory responses by globular adiponectin (gAcrp) in macrophages. We observed that gAcrp induced a significant increase in sestrin2 expression in both RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and primary murine macrophages. Notably, gAcrp treatment markedly increased expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) and gene silencing of HIF-1α blocked sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. In addition, pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK or PI3K abrogated both sestrin2 and HIF-1α expression by gAcrp, indicating that ERK/PI3K-mediated HIF-1α signaling pathway plays a critical role in sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. Furthermore, sestrin2 induction is implicated in autophagy activation, and knockdown of sestrin2 prevented enhanced cell viability by gAcrp. Moreover, gene silencing of sestrin2 caused restoration of gAcrp-induced expression of anti-inflammatory genes in a gene-selective manner. Taken together, these results indicate that sestrin2 induction critically contributes to cell survival and anti-inflammatory responses by gAcrp in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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Oh J, Lee Y, Oh SW, Li T, Shin J, Park SH, Lee J. The Role of Adiponectin in the Skin. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 30:221-231. [PMID: 34615771 PMCID: PMC9047493 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad), a 30 kDa molecule, is an anti-diabetic adipokine; although derived from adipose tissue, it performs numerous activities in various other tissues. It binds to its own receptors, namely adiponectin receptor 1(AdipoR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), and T-cadherin (CDH13). Ad plays several roles, especially as a regulator. It modulates lipid and glucose metabolism and promotes insulin sensitivity. This demonstrates that Ad has a robust correlation with fat metabolism. Furthermore, although Ad is not in direct contact with other tissues, including the skin, it can be delivered to them by diffusion or secretion via the endocrine system. Recently it has been reported that Ad can impact skin cell biology, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic biomarker of skin diseases. In the present review, we have discussed the association between skin cell biology and Ad. To elaborate further, we described the involvement of Ad in the biology of various types of cells in the skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells. Additionally, we postulated that Ad could be employed as a therapeutic target to maintain skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
| | - Yeongyeong Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
| | - Sae-Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
| | - TianTian Li
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
| | - Jiwon Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419.,Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419
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Wróblewski M, Szewczyk-Golec K, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Wróblewska J, Woźniak A. Characteristics of Selected Adipokines in Ascites and Blood of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4702. [PMID: 34572929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is at the forefront of all cancers worldwide. A specific microenvironment for the secretion of various proteins, including adipokines, is formed around the neoplastic tissue. Five of these proteins, namely adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), were found to have a particular effect on metastasis. The review collects data available in the literature on the function and occurrence of these cytokines in ovarian cancer. The collected information will allow for the observation of these proteins in the area of diagnostics and the planning of further scientific research, and will enable the use of the cytokine level determination as biomarkers of neoplastic disease, its progression and prognosis. Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. The course of the disease is often latent and asymptomatic in the early stages, but as it develops, metastasis occurs, accompanied by accumulation of ascites in the peritoneal cavity. The ascites fluid constitutes a specific microenvironment influencing the processes of carcinogenesis. In ascites, signaling is mediated by various cytokines that control tumor cell proliferation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Adipokines, secreted into ascites and also appearing in blood, may be markers of ongoing processes related to the development of neoplastic disease. Moreover, a significant influence of adipocyte lipids on the growth of tumors, for which they are one of energy sources, is observed. Adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), discussed in the present review, were found to mediate the effects of omentum metastasis through homing, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Further research on those adipokines seem to be a natural consequence, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms of neoplastic disease and determination of the treatment procedure.
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Méndez-Lara KA, Rodríguez-Millán E, Sebastián D, Blanco-Soto R, Camacho M, Nan MN, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Mato E, Lope-Piedrafita S, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Zorzano A, Villarroya F, Villena JA, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Nicotinamide Protects Against Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain, Increases Energy Expenditure, and Induces White Adipose Tissue Beiging. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100111. [PMID: 33870623 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Interventions that boost NAD+ availability are of potential therapeutic interest for obesity treatment. The potential of nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of vitamin B3 and a physiological precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ , in preventing weight gain has not previously been studied in vivo. Other NAD+ precursors have been shown to decrease weight gain; however, their impact on adipose tissue is not addressed. METHODS AND RESULTS Two doses of NAM (high dose: 1% and low dose: 0.25%) are given by drinking water to C57BL/6J male mice, starting at the same time as the high-fat diet feeding. NAM supplementation protects against diet-induced obesity by augmenting global body energy expenditure in C57BL/6J male mice. The manipulation markedly alters adipose morphology and metabolism, particularly in inguinal (i) white adipose tissue (iWAT). An increased number of brown and beige adipocyte clusters, protein abundance of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), mitochondrial activity, adipose NAD+ , and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK) levels are observed in the iWAT of treated mice. Notably, a significant improvement in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and glucose tolerance is also observed in NAM high-dose treated mice. CONCLUSION NAM influences whole-body energy expenditure by driving changes in the adipose phenotype. Thus, NAM is an attractive potential treatment for preventing obesity and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Rodríguez-Millán
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
| | - Rosi Blanco-Soto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, 28028, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Madalina N Nan
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Elena M G Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, 28028, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Servei d'Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, 08916, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Servei de Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Madrid, 28028, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Laboratori de Metabolisme i Obesitat, Unitat de Diabetis i Metabolisme, Institut de Recerca del Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, 28028, Spain
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Ramos-Ramírez P, Malmhäll C, Tliba O, Rådinger M, Bossios A. Adiponectin/AdipoR1 Axis Promotes IL-10 Release by Human Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677550. [PMID: 34084174 PMCID: PMC8167046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is an important immunomodulatory mediator in inflammatory conditions. While we previously showed that adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is expressed in murine regulatory T cells (Tregs), its expression in human Tregs remain unknown. Here, we examined the expression of AdipoR1 in human Tregs and whether its ligand, globular adiponectin (gAd) affects the Treg ability to secrete IL-10 and the role of Type 2 (T2) inflammation in such process. Methods Human Tregs from peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry for AdipoR1, Helios and IL-10 expression. CD4+ T cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence or the absence of gAd or the chemical adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, or in a T2 cytokine milieu. Flow cytometry was then used to assess intracellular IL-10, IL-10 secreting cells, FOXP3 and Helios expression, and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase (MAPK). IL-10 levels in CD4+ T cell supernatants were quantified by ELISA. Results We found that a subset of human Tregs expressed AdipoR1. Importantly, more Helios- cells expressed AdipoR1 than Helios+ cells. Likewise, there was a higher frequency of IL-10+ cells within Helios- AdipoR1+ Tregs compared to Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs. In contrast, the IL-10 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was higher in Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs compared to Helios-AdipoR1+ Tregs. When human CD4+ T cells were treated with gAd or AdipoRon, a significant increase in IL-10 secretion, FOXP3 expression, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was observed in Helios- AdipoR1+ Tregs. Interestingly, gAd under T2 cytokine milieu significantly increased the intracellular levels of IL-10, mainly in Helios+ AdipoR1+ Tregs, and IL-10 levels in supernatants of CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that adiponectin/AdipoR1 axis promotes IL-10 release by Tregs, mainly in Helios- Tregs, and the effect was amplified by T2 inflammation in Helios+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ramos-Ramírez
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Tliba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge and Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee JS, O’Connell EM, Pacher P, Lohoff FW. PCSK9 and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune Regulation in Alcohol Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1758. [PMID: 33919550 PMCID: PMC8074019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by an impaired ability to control or stop alcohol intake and is associated with organ damage including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and progressive neurodegeneration. The etiology of AUD is complex, but organ injury due to chronic alcohol use can be partially attributed to systemic and local inflammation along the gut-liver-brain axis. Excessive alcohol use can result in translocation of bacterial products into circulation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of immune cells, including macrophages and/or microglia in the liver and brain. One potential mediator of this alcohol-induced inflammation is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is primarily known for its regulation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but has more recently been shown to influence inflammatory responses in the liver and brain. In rodent and post-mortem brain studies, chronic alcohol use altered methylation of the PCSK9 gene and increased expression of PCSK9 in the liver and cerebral spinal fluid. Additionally, PCSK9 inhibition in a rat model of ALD attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis. PCSK9 may play an important role in alcohol-induced pathologies along the gut-liver-brain axis and may be a novel therapeutic target for AUD-related liver and brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
| | - Emma M. O’Connell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
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Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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Li P, Li P, Liu Y, Liu W, Zha L, Chen X, Zheng R, Qi K, Zhang Y. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of obesity in male offspring mice by affecting the immune response. Nutrition 2021; 87-88:111191. [PMID: 33744641 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, many epidemiologic and animal studies have indicated that obesity has its origin in early stages of life, including the inappropriate balance of some nutrients. So the objectives of this study were to determine the risk of obesity in male offspring mice as a consequence of maternal vitamin D (VD) deficiency mediating the disordered immune response. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice 4 wk old were fed VD-deficient or normal reproductive diets during pregnancy and lactation. Their male offspring were given control and high-fat diets for 16 wk after weaning and then weighed and euthanized. The serum was collected for biochemical analyses. Epididymal (eWAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) were excised for histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, gene expression of inflammatory factors, and determination by flow cytometry of the proportions of immune cells. RESULTS Insufficient maternal VD intake exacerbated the development of obesity in male offspring mice that were both obese and non-obese, as evidenced by larger adipose cells and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolisms. Also, the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines were increased and that of anti-inflammatory cytokines was decreased in eWAT and/or iWAT in the maternal VD-deficient group, accompanied by higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and/or interferon-γ and lower levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Insufficient maternal VD intake was also observed to induce a shift in the profiles of immune cells in the eWAT and/or iWAT of male offspring that were both obese and non-obese, resulting in increased percentages of M1 macrophages, adipose tissue dendritic cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but a significant decrease in the percentages of M2 macrophages. All these changes in the immune cell profile were more obvious in the eWAT than those in the iWAT. CONCLUSIONS Maternal VD deficiency might promote the development of obesity in male offspring mice partly by modulating the immune cell populations and causing a polarization in the adipose depots.
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Awan NM, Meurling IJ, O'Shea D. Understanding Obesity: The Role of Adipose Tissue Microenvironment and the Gut Microbiome. Saudi J Med Med Sci 2021; 9:10-15. [PMID: 33519338 PMCID: PMC7839578 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_561_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled globally over the past few decades, with a 12-fold rise in extreme levels. Obesity, with its multiple complications, remains a major ongoing challenge for health-care professionals, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, where people with obesity had poorer outcomes. In this article, we review advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying obesity, with a focus on the immune system and its interaction with both the adipose tissue organ and the gut microbiome. As our understanding of the causes and effects of obesity improves, opportunities should emerge, underpinned by rigorous laboratory and clinical research, to both better prevent and treat this global epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat M Awan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Imran J Meurling
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Education and Research Centre, Obesity Immunology Group, University College Dublin, St. Vincent's University Hospital and St. Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen X, He Y, Zhu Y, Du J, Sun H. linc-AAM Facilitates Gene Expression Contributing to Macrophage Activation and Adaptive Immune Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108584. [PMID: 33406422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specifically expressed in activated macrophages, their in vivo functions and mechanisms of action are largely unexplored. Here, we identify a long intergenic noncoding RNA associated with activated macrophage (linc-AAM) and elucidate its function and mechanisms. linc-AAM is highly expressed in activated macrophages. In vitro function analysis reveals that linc-AAM facilitates macrophage activation and promotes the expression of immune response genes (IRGs). In mechanisms, linc-AAM interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL) via two CACACA motifs, resulting in its dissociation from histone H3 to activate chromatin and facilitate transcription of IRGs. Of note, linc-AAM knockout (KO) mice manifest impaired antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in vivo. Altogether, the results uncover a mechanism of lncRNA in modulating hnRNPL function and confirm that linc-AAM acts as a transcription enhancer to activate macrophages and promote adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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41
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Chen D, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhu B. Metabolic regulatory crosstalk between tumor microenvironment and tumor-associated macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1016-1030. [PMID: 33391518 PMCID: PMC7738889 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages phagocytize pathogens to initiate innate immunity and products from the tumor microenvironment (TME) to mediate tumor immunity. The loss of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-mediated immune responses results in immune suppression. To reverse this immune disorder, the regulatory mechanism of TAMs in the TME needs to be clarified. Immune molecules (cytokines and chemokines) from TAMs and the TME have been widely accepted as mutual mediators of signal transduction in the past few decades. Recently, researchers have tried to seek the intrinsic mechanism of TAM phenotypic and functional changes through metabolic connections. Numerous metabolites derived from the TME have been identified that induce the cell-cell crosstalk with TAMs. The bulk tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells produce metabolites in the TME that are involved in the metabolic regulation of TAMs. Meanwhile, some products from TAMs regulate the biological functions of the tumor as well. Here, we review the recent reports demonstrating the metabolic regulation between TME and TAMs.
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Qiu W, Wu H, Hu Z, Wu X, Tu M, Fang F, Zhu X, Liu Y, Lian J, Valverde P, Van Dyke T, Steffensen B, Dong LQ, Tu Q, Zhou X, Chen J. Identification and characterization of a novel adiponectin receptor agonist adipo anti-inflammation agonist and its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:280-297. [PMID: 32986862 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine secreted from adipocytes that binds to APN receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and exerts an anti-inflammatory response through mechanisms not fully understood. There is a need to develop small molecules that activate AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and to be used to inhibit the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and other inflammatory disorders. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We designed 10 new structural analogues of an AdipoR agonist, AdipoRon (APR), and assessed their anti-inflammatory properties. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and peritoneal macrophages (PEMs) were isolated from mice. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microarray in LPS-induced endotoxemia mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice in which systemic inflammation prevails. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), siRNA interference and immunoprecipitation were used to detect signalling pathways. KEY RESULTS A novel APN receptor agonist named adipo anti-inflammation agonist (AdipoAI) strongly suppresses inflammation in DIO and endotoxemia mice, as well as in cultured macrophages. We also found that AdipoAI attenuated the association of AdipoR1 and APPL1 via myeloid differentiation marker 88 (MyD88) signalling, thus inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Maf pathways and limiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AdipoAI is a promising alternative therapeutic approach to APN and APR to suppress inflammation in LPS-induced endotoxemia and other inflammatory disorders via distinct signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongle Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xingwen Wu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maxwell Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junxiang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paloma Valverde
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjorn Steffensen
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang Q, Liu W, Yue Y, Sun C, Zhang Q. Proteoglycan from Bacillus sp. BS11 Inhibits the Inflammatory Response by Suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E585. [PMID: 33255264 DOI: 10.3390/md18120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many debilitating diseases. Proteoglycan isolated from marine Bacillus sp. BS11 (EPS11) was shown to have anticancer activity, but its anti-inflammatory potential remains elusive. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of EPS11 were evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. Biochemical characterization showed that the total sugar content and protein content of EPS11 were 49.5% and 30.2% respectively. EPS11 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. Its molecular weight was determined to be 3.06 × 105 Da. The protein determination of EPS11 was also performed. EPS11 displayed a strong anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro, which significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokines and mediators (such as NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and COX-2). Western blot analysis indicated that EPS11 could downregulate the expression of many key proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In particular, EPS11 almost completely inhibited the expression of NF-κB P65, which indicated that EPS11 acted primarily on the NF-κB pathways. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of EPS11.
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Jiang T, Zhou J, Liu W, Tao W, He J, Jin W, Guo H, Yang N, Li Y. The anti-inflammatory potential of protein-bound anthocyanin compounds from purple sweet potato in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Elnagdy M, Barve S, McClain C, Gobejishvili L. cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1433. [PMID: 33050657 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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Silva JBD, Gurian MBF, Nonino CB, Poli-Neto OB, Nogueira AA, Reis FJCD, Silva JRES. Analysis of Body Composition and Pain Intensity in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2020; 42:486-492. [PMID: 32898913 PMCID: PMC10309219 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis. METHODS A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital's anxiety and depression scale (HAD). RESULTS The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Beatriz da Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Ferreira Gurian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Omero Benedito Poli-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alberto Nogueira
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Candido Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlio Rosa-E-Silva Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, Ostolaza H, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6275. [PMID: 32872570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.
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Graff EC, Fang H, Wanders D, Judd RL. The Absence of Adiponectin Alters Niacin's Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082427. [PMID: 32823541 PMCID: PMC7468711 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an immunometabolic disease associated with chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. One hallmark of obesity is reduced concentrations of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. Pharmacologic doses of niacin produce multiple metabolic benefits, including attenuating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipose tissue inflammation and increasing adiponectin concentrations. To determine if adiponectin mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of niacin, male C57BL/6J (WT) and adiponectin null (Adipoq-/-) mice were maintained on a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 6 weeks, before being administered either vehicle or niacin (360 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. HFD-fed mice had increased expression of genes associated with macrophage recruitment (Ccl2) and number (Cd68), and increased crown-like structure (CLS) number in adipose tissue. While niacin attenuated Ccl2 expression, there were no effects on Cd68 or CLS number. The absence of adiponectin did not hinder the ability of niacin to reduce Ccl2 expression. HFD feeding increased gene expression of inflammatory markers in the adipose tissue of WT and Adipoq-/- mice. While niacin tended to decrease the expression of inflammatory markers in WT mice, niacin increased their expression in HFD-fed Adipoq-/- mice. Therefore, our results indicate that the absence of adiponectin alters the effects of niacin on markers of adipose tissue inflammation in HFD-fed mice, suggesting that the effects of niacin on tissue cytokines may involve adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Han Fang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Robert L. Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-5416; Fax: +1-334-844-5388
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Polito R, Monda V, Nigro E, Messina A, Di Maio G, Giuliano MT, Orrù S, Imperlini E, Calcagno G, Mosca L, Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Scarinci A, Sessa F, Salerno M, Marsala G, Buono P, Mancini A, Monda M, Daniele A, Messina G. The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 32390865 PMCID: PMC7188914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of lifestyle linked diseases. A large body of evidence indicates physical exercise as an effective measure against chronic non-communicable diseases. The worldwide general evidence for health benefits are both for all ages and skill levels. In a dysregulated lifestyle such as in the obesity, there is an imbalance in the production of different cytokines. In particular, we focused on Adiponectin, an adipokine producted by adipose tissue, and on Orexin-A, a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus. The production of both Adiponectin and Orexin-A increases following regular and structured physical activity and both these hormones have similar actions. Indeed, they improve energy and glucose metabolism, and also modulate energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In addition, a relevant biological role of Adiponectin and Orexin A has been recently highlighted in the immune system, where they function as immune-suppressor factors. The strong connection between these two cytokines and healthy status is mediated by physical activity and candidates these hormones as potential biomarkers of the beneficial effects induced by physical activity. For these reasons, this review aims to underly the interconnections among Adiponectin, Orexin-A, physical activity and healthy status. Furthermore, it is analyzed the involvement of Adiponectin and Orexin-A in physical activity as physiological factors improving healthy status through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio", Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Mosca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Scarinci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria - Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Unità di Dietetica e Medicina dello Sport, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Kamaldinov T, Erndt-Marino J, Levin M, Kaplan DL, Hahn MS. Assessment of Enrichment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:21-32. [PMID: 32292894 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are utilized preclinically and clinically as a candidate cell therapy for a wide range of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Despite promising results in early clinical trials, consistent outcomes with hMSC-based therapies have proven elusive in many of these applications. In this work, we attempt to address this limitation through the design of a stem cell therapy to enrich hMSCs for desired electrical and ionic properties with enhanced stemness and immunomodulatory/regenerative capacity. Materials and Methods: In this study, we sought to develop initial protocols to achieve electrically enriched hMSCs (EE-hMSCs) with distinct electrical states and assess the potential relationship with respect to hMSC state and function. We sorted hMSCs based on fluorescence intensity of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and investigated phenotypic differences between the sorted populations. Results: Subpopulations of EE-hMSCs exhibit differential expression of genes associated with senescence, stemness, immunomodulation, and autophagy. EE-hMSCs with low levels of TMRE, indicative of depolarized membrane potential, have reduced mRNA expression of senescence-associated markers, and increased mRNA expression of autophagy and immunomodulatory markers relative to EE-hMSCs with high levels of TMRE (hyperpolarized). Conclusions : This work suggests that the utilization of EE-hMSCs may provide a novel strategy for cell therapies, enabling live cell enrichment for distinct phenotypes that can be exploited for different therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kamaldinov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Josh Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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