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Johannes L, Shafaq-Zadah M, Dransart E, Wunder C, Leffler H. Endocytic Roles of Glycans on Proteins and Lipids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041398. [PMID: 37735065 PMCID: PMC10759989 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Most cell surface proteins are decorated by glycans, and the plasma membrane is rich in glycosylated lipids. The mechanisms by which the enormous complexity of these glycan structures on proteins and lipids is exploited to control glycoprotein activity by setting their cell surface residence time and the ways by which they are taken up into cells are still under active investigation. Here, two mechanisms are presented, termed galectin lattices and glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect)-driven endocytosis, which are among the most prominent to establish a link between glycan information and endocytosis. Types of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids are reviewed from the angle of their interaction with glycan-binding proteins that are at the heart of galectin lattices and GL-Lect-driven endocytosis. Examples are given to show how these mechanisms affect cellular functions ranging from cell migration and signaling to vascularization and immune modulation. Finally, outstanding challenges on the link between glycosylation and endocytosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Estelle Dransart
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Wunder
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Dou G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15516. [PMID: 37958500 PMCID: PMC10649114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the most studied member of the Galectin family, with a large range of mediation in biological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell adhesion, and tissue repair, as well as in pathological processes such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and angiogenesis. As is known to all, inflammation, aberrant cell apoptosis, and neovascularization are the main pathophysiological processes in retinal degeneration and many ocular diseases. Therefore, the review aims to conclude the role of Gal3 in the retinal degeneration of various diseases as well as the occurrence and development of the diseases and discuss its molecular mechanisms according to research in systemic diseases. At the same time, we summarized the predictive role of Gal3 as a biomarker and the clinical application of its inhibitors to discuss the possibility of Gal3 as a novel target for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
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3
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Mariño KV, Cagnoni AJ, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA. Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023. [PMID: 36759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms as well as glycan-dependent and independent pathways to reprogramme the fate and function of numerous cell types. Given their multifunctional roles in both tissue fibrosis and cancer, galectins have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. Here, we focus on the therapeutic relevance of galectins, particularly galectin 1 (GAL1), GAL3 and GAL9 to tumour progression and fibrotic diseases. We consider an array of galectin-targeted strategies, including small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives, peptides, peptidomimetics and biological agents (notably, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and truncated galectins) and discuss their mechanisms of action, selectivity and therapeutic potential in preclinical models of fibrosis and cancer. We also review the results of clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of galectin inhibitors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. The rapid pace of glycobiology research, combined with the acute need for drugs to alleviate fibrotic inflammation and overcome resistance to anticancer therapies, will accelerate the translation of anti-galectin therapeutics into clinical practice.
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Abstract
Many membrane-resident and secreted proteins, including growth factors and their receptors are N-glycosylated. The initial N-glycan structure is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a branched structure on a lipid anchor (dolicholpyrophosphate) and then co-translationally, "en bloc" transferred and linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine within a specific N-glycosylation acceptor sequence of the nascent recipient protein. In the ER and then the Golgi apparatus, the N-linked glycan structure is modified by hydrolytic removal of sugar residues ("trimming") followed by re-glycosylation with additional sugar residues ("processing") such as galactose, fucose or sialic acid to form complex N-glycoproteins. While the sequence of the reactions leading to biosynthesis, "en bloc" transfer and processing of N-glycans is well investigated, it is still not completely understood how N-glycans affect the biological fate and function of N-glycoproteins. This review will discuss the biology of N-glycoprotein synthesis, processing and function with specific reference to the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune and nervous system, as well as infectious diseases such as Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
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5
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Alfonso-Pérez T, Baonza G, Herranz G, Martín-Belmonte F. Deciphering the interplay between autophagy and polarity in epithelial tubulogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:160-172. [PMID: 35641407 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Metazoan complexity arises from a primary building block, the epithelium, which comprises a layer of polarized cells that divide the organism into compartments. Most of these body compartments are organs formed by epithelial tubes that enclose an internal hollow space or lumen. Over the last decades, multiple studies have unmasked the paramount events required to form this lumen de novo. In epithelial cells, these events mainly involve recognizing external clues, establishing and maintaining apicobasal polarity, endo-lysosomal trafficking, and expanding the created lumen. Although canonical autophagy has been classically considered a catabolic process needed for cell survival, multiple studies have also emphasized its crucial role in epithelial polarity, morphogenesis and cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, non-canonical autophagy pathways have been recently discovered as atypical secretory routes. Both canonical and non-canonical pathways play essential roles in epithelial polarity and lumen formation. This review addresses how the molecular machinery for epithelial polarity and autophagy interplay in different processes and how autophagy functions influence lumenogenesis, emphasizing its role in the lumen formation key events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Alfonso-Pérez
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Gabriel Baonza
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herranz
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Belmonte
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain.
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6
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Niang DGM, Gaba FM, Diouf A, Hendricks J, Diallo RN, Niang MDS, Mbengue B, Dieye A. Galectin-3 as a biomarker in breast neoplasms: Mechanisms and applications in patient care. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1041-1052. [PMID: 36125083 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0822-673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family encoded by the LGALS3 gene on chromosome 14. It is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and mammary tumor cells. Through its activity on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, galectin-3 improves the proliferation, survival, and colonizing ability of mammary neoplastic cells. Consequently, galectin-3 expression in the tumor microenvironment could worsen therapeutic outcomes of breast neoplasms and become a biomarker and a therapeutic target in combined immunotherapy in breast neoplasms. There is a limited amount of information that is available on galectin-3 in breast cancer in Africa. In this review, we analyze how galectin-3 influences the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in breast neoplasms. We aim to emphasize the significance of investigating galectin-3 in breast neoplasms in Africa based on the results of studies conducted elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Georges Massar Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Folly Mawulolo Gaba
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adame Diouf
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jacobus Hendricks
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Limpopo province, South Africa
| | - Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maguette Deme Sylla Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Mbengue
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alioune Dieye
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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Maupin KA, Diegel CR, Stevens PD, Dick D, Williams BO. Mutation of the galectin-3 glycan-binding domain (Lgals3-R200S) enhances cortical bone expansion in male mice and trabecular bone mass in female mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1717-1728. [PMID: 36062328 PMCID: PMC9527582 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that genomic loss of galectin-3 (Gal-3; encoded by Lgals3) in mice has a significant protective effect on age-related bone loss. Gal-3 has both intracellular and extracellular functionality, and we wanted to assess whether the affect we observed in the Lgals3 knockout (KO) mice could be attributed to the ability of Gal-3 to bind glycoproteins. Mutation of a highly conserved arginine to a serine in human Gal-3 (LGALS3-R186S) blocks glycan binding and secretion. We generated mice with the equivalent mutation (Lgals3-R200S) and observed a subsequent reduction in Gal-3 secretion from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in circulating blood. When examining bone structure in aged mice, we noticed some similarities to the Lgals3-KO mice and some differences. First, we observed greater bone mass in Lgals3-R200S mutant mice, as was previously observed in Lgals3-KO mice. Like Lgals3-KO mice, significantly increased trabecular bone mass was only observed in female Lgals3-R200S mice. These results suggest that the greater bone mass observed is driven by the loss of extracellular Gal-3 functionality. However, the results from our cortical bone expansion data showed a sex-dependent difference, with only male Lgals3-KO mice having an increased response, contrasting with our earlier study. These notable sex differences suggest a potential role for sex hormones, most likely androgen signaling, being involved. In summary, our results suggest that targeting extracellular Gal-3 function may be a suitable treatment for age-related loss of bone mass.
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8
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Vander Zanden CM, Majewski J, Weissbarth Y, Browne DF, Watkins EB, Gabius HJ. Structure of Galectin-3 bound to a model membrane containing ganglioside GM1. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)00678-6. [PMID: 35986516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactosidase-binding protein involved in various biological processes, including neuronal growth and adhesion. The pairing of Gal-3 with ganglioside GM1's pentasaccharide chain at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, which triggers downstream cell-signaling cascades, seems to be involved in these processes. A crucial feature of Gal-3 is its ability to form oligomers and supramolecular assemblies that connect various carbohydrate-decorated molecules. Although we know the atomistic structure of Gal-3 bound to small carbohydrate ligands, it remains unclear how Gal-3 binds GM1 in a membrane. Furthermore, the influence of this interaction on Gal-3's structure and oligomeric assembly has to be elucidated. In this study, we used X-ray reflectivity (XR) from a model membrane to determine the structure and surface coverage of Gal-3 bound to a membrane containing GM1. We observed that the carbohydrate recognition domain interacts with GM1's pentasaccharide, while the N-terminal domain is pointed away from the membrane, likely to facilitate protein-protein interactions. In a membrane containing 20 mol % GM1, Gal-3 covered ∼50% of the membrane surface with one Gal-3 molecule bound per 2130 Å2. We used molecular dynamics simulations and Voronoi tessellation algorithms to build an atomistic model of membrane-bound Gal-3, which is supported by the XR results. Overall, this work provides structural information describing how Gal-3 can bind GM1's pentasaccharide chain, a prerequisite for triggering regulatory processes in neuronal growth and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Vander Zanden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
| | - Jaroslaw Majewski
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Yvonne Weissbarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Danielle F Browne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Erik B Watkins
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg, Germany
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9
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Grazier JJ, Sylvester PW. Role of Galectins in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-galectins] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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11
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Lete MG, Franconetti A, Delgado S, Jiménez-barbero J, Ardá A. Oligosaccharide Presentation Modulates the Molecular Recognition of Glycolipids by Galectins on Membrane Surfaces. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:145. [PMID: 35215258 PMCID: PMC8878398 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of glycan binding proteins that stand out for the wide range of biological phenomena in which they are involved. Most galectin functions are associated with their glycan binding capacities, which are generally well characterized at the oligosaccharide level, but not at the glycoprotein or glycolipid level. Glycolipids form the part of cell membranes where they can act as galectin cellular receptors. In this scenario, glycan presentation as well as the membrane chemical and structural features are expected to have a strong impact in these molecular association processes. Herein, liposomes were used as membrane mimicking scaffolds for the presentation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and to investigate their interaction with Galectin-3 and the N-domain of Galectin-8 (Gal8N). The binding towards GM3 and GM1 and their non-silaylated GSLs was compared to the binding to the free glycans, devoid of lipid. The analysis was carried out using a combination of NMR methods, membrane perturbation studies, and molecular modeling. Our results showed a different tendency of the two galectins in their binding capacities towards the glycans, depending on whether they were free oligosaccharides or as part of GSL inserted into a lipid bilayer, highlighting the significance of GSL glycan presentation on membranes in lectin binding.
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12
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Aghighi M, Pukhalskaya T, Smoller BR. Immunohistochemical Expression of Galectin-3 in Pemphigus Vulgaris. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e165-e168. [PMID: 33767069 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous disorder related to immunoglobulin-G autoantibodies against desmoglein-3. Galectin-3 is one of the main elements of the immunoglobulin-E group which is essential in the cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion. Although the presence of immunoglobulin-E autoantibodies in PV has been observed, no studies have been performed to describe the role of galectin-3 in PV. We evaluated galectin-3 expression in PV as a first step in assessing its impact in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune blistering process. In a retrospective study, 56 specimens from 45 patients diagnosed with PV were stained with antibodies to galectin-3. The percentages of nuclear and cytoplasmic galectin-3 expression as well as staining intensity were evaluated around blisters and adjacent unaffected skin. We observed a significant decrease in galectin-3 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression as well as stain intensity around blisters compared with adjacent unaffected skin. Although autoantibodies against desmogleins trigger the blister formation in PV patients, loss of galectin-3 may play a role in the extension of blister formation by initiating cell-cell disassembly at the level of the intercellular keratinocyte desmosome. We demonstrated a lower expression of galectin-3 around the blisters in PV. The pathogenesis of the blister formation may be related to lower expression of galectin-3. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the result of this outcome and determine the accurate pathogenesis of blister formation in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aghighi
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Livingston, NJ; and
| | - Tatsiana Pukhalskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Bruce R Smoller
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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13
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Shi H, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen L, Wang H, Yang C, Ding L, Ju H. Hierarchical Fluorescence Imaging Strategy for Assessment of the Sialylation Level of Lipid Rafts on the Cell Membrane. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14643-14650. [PMID: 34698497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous and complicated modifications of proteins and lipids. The revelation of glycosylation-mediated regulation mechanisms of biological processes relies critically on the tools that can reflect the spatial heterogeneity of cell surface glycans, for example, distinguishing glycans exhibited in lipid raft or nonraft domains. To achieve simultaneous visualization of raft and raft-harbored glycans on the cell surface, we combine specific raft recognition, glycan chemoselective labeling, and DNA dynamic hybridization techniques to develop a hierarchical fluorescence imaging strategy using N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Sia) as the model sugar. We fabricate a raft probe and Sia probe for rafts and Sia, respectively. After specifically anchoring the two probes on the cell surface, the raft probe can be cyclically utilized to turn on the fluorescence of the Sia probe, only residing in rafts, via a proximity cascade DNA reaction. The duplex imaging capability for spatially relevant levels of biological structures enables the revelation of the reason for raft-confined Sia variation in different biological processes. Thus, this work provides an elegant and powerful tool for interrogation of the glycan regulation mechanisms on raft composition, organization, and functions and also contributes to the development of raft-carried glycoconjugate-based theranostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Younan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are the foremost hurdles in oncology at the moment. This review aims to pinpoint the functional aspects of a unique multifaceted glycosylated molecule in both intracellular and extracellular compartments of a cell namely galectin-3 along with its metastatic potential in different types of cancer. All materials reviewed here were collected through the search engines PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar. Among the 15 galectins identified, the chimeric gal-3 plays an indispensable role in the differentiation, transformation, and multi-step process of tumor metastasis. It has been implicated in the molecular mechanisms that allow the cancer cells to survive in the intravascular milieu and promote tumor cell extravasation, ultimately leading to metastasis. Gal-3 has also been found to have a pivotal role in immune surveillance and pro-angiogenesis and several studies have pointed out the importance of gal-3 in establishing a resistant phenotype, particularly through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Additionally, some recent findings suggest the use of gal-3 inhibitors in overcoming therapeutic resistance. All these reports suggest that the deregulation of these specific lectins at the cellular level could inhibit cancer progression and metastasis. A more systematic study of glycosylation in clinical samples along with the development of selective gal-3 antagonists inhibiting the activity of these molecules at the cellular level offers an innovative strategy for primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jeethy Ram
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K Sujathan
- Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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15
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Cason M, Celeghin R, Marinas MB, Beffagna G, Della Barbera M, Rizzo S, Remme CA, Bezzina CR, Tiso N, Bauce B, Thiene G, Basso C, Pilichou K. Novel pathogenic role for galectin-3 in early disease stages of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1394-1403. [PMID: 33857645 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a myocardial disease due to desmosomal mutations whose pathogenesis is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify molecular pathways underlying early AC by gene expression profiling in both humans and animal models. METHODS RNA sequencing for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed on the myocardium of transgenic mice overexpressing the Desmoglein2-N271S mutation before phenotype onset. Zebrafish signaling reporters were used for in vivo validation. Whole exome sequencing was undertaken in 10 genotype-negative AC patients and subsequent direct sequencing in 140 AC index cases. RESULTS Among 29 DEGs identified at early disease stages, Lgals3/GAL3 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3) showed reduced cardiac expression in transgenic mice and in 3 AC patients who suffered sudden cardiac death without overt structural remodeling. Four rare missense variants of LGALS3 were identified in 5 human AC probands. Pharmacologic inhibition of Lgals3 in zebrafish reduced Wnt and transforming growth factor-β signaling, increased Hippo/YAP-TAZ signaling, and induced alterations in desmoplakin membrane localization, desmosome integrity and stability. Increased LGALS3 plasma expression in genotype-positive AC patients and CD98 activation supported the galectin-3 (GAL3) release by circulating macrophages pointing toward the stabilization of desmosomal assembly at the injured regions. CONCLUSION GAL3 plays a crucial role in early AC onset through regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and intercellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cason
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Bueno Marinas
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Cardiology Units, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Choi KM, Joo MS, Cho DH, Woo WS, Kang G, Heo MJ, Kim DH, Park CI. Molecular Identification and mRNA Expression Profiles of Galectin-9 Gene in Red Sea Bream ( Pagrus major) Infected with Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E139. [PMID: 33440635 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin (Gal) is a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding lectin. The members of this family play important roles in the recognition of carbohydrate ligands and in various other biological processes. In this study, we identified the gene encoding Gal-9 in Pagrus major (PmGal-9) and analyzed its expression in various tissues after pathogen challenge. Alignment analysis revealed that the two galactose-binding lectin domains of the deduced protein were highly conserved among all the teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PmGal-9 is most closely related to the Gal-9 gene of gilthead sea bream. PmGal-9 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues analyzed but was predominantly expressed in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine. After challenges with major microbial pathogens (Edwardsiella piscicida, Streptococcus iniae, or red sea bream iridovirus) of red sea bream, PmGal-9 mRNA expression was significantly regulated in most immune-related tissues. These results suggested that PmGal-9 not only plays an important role in the immune system of red sea bream but is also a possible inflammatory marker for pathogenic diseases.
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Shimada C, Xu R, Al-Alem L, Stasenko M, Spriggs DR, Rueda BR. Galectins and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061421. [PMID: 32486344 PMCID: PMC7352943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its aggressive pathological features, including the capacity to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promoting angiogenesis, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, inhibiting apoptosis, immunosuppression and promoting stem-like features. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins defined by a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, can modulate many of these processes, enabling them to contribute to the pathology of ovarian cancer. Our goal herein was to review specific galectin members identified in the context of ovarian cancer, with emphasis on their association with clinical and pathological features, implied functions, diagnostic or prognostic potential and strategies being developed to disrupt their negative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Stasenko
- Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York City, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David R. Spriggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shi X, Xiao M, Xie Z, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Leavenworth JW, Yan B, Huang H. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Galectin-1 interacts with Annexin A2 to impair the viability of macrophages via activating JNK pathway. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:183. [PMID: 32268913 PMCID: PMC7140382 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause severe symptoms of central nervous system infections. In the host, this parasite localizes in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and its secreted components can impact immune responses. Our previous study demonstrated that immune responses were inhibited in A. cantonensis-infected mice immunized with Ac-Galectin-1 (AcGal-1). However, the mechanisms by which AcGal-1 regulates the immune responses remain unclear. Macrophages are innate immune cells that rapidly respond to infection. The direct impact of AcGal-1 on macrophages may affect the immune responses. METHODS AcGal-1 protein was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. The effect of AcGal-1 on the apoptosis of macrophages was detected using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot. Macrophage membrane proteins bound to AcGal-1 were obtained using the His-tag-based pull-down assay and identified via mass spectrometry. Co-localization of AcGal-1 and the macrophage membrane protein Annexin A2 was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy, and their interaction was validated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of Annexin A2 was used to determine if AcGal-1-induced macrophage apoptosis required interaction with Annexin A2. The phosphorylation level of apoptotic signal pathway protein was detected by phospho-antibody microarray and western blot. RESULTS Our study showed that AcGal-1 caused apoptosis of the macrophages. AcGal-1 increased the expression of apoptosis proteins caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, but reduced the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. AcGal-1 interacted with the membrane protein Annexin A2, and knockdown of Annexin A2 expression increased Bcl-2 but decreased Bax levels in AcGal-1-treated cells. Moreover, AcGal-1 increased JNK phosphorylation and the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation in AcGal-1-treated cells decreased the expression of caspase-3, -9, Bax and almost restored Bcl-2 to the level observed in control cells. CONCLUSIONS AcGal-1 can induce the apoptosis of macrophages by binding to Annexin A2 and activating JNK downstream the apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengran Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Xie
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Huicong Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Tang W, Fang F, Liu K, Huang Z, Li H, Yin Y, Wang J, Wang G, Wei L, Ou Y, Wang Y. Aligned Biofunctional Electrospun PLGA-LysoGM1 Scaffold for Traumatic Brain Injury Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2209-2218. [PMID: 33455302 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to poor regenerative capabilities of the brain, a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a serious challenge to modern medicine. Biofunctional scaffolds that can support neuronal growth, guide neurite elongation, and re-establish impaired brain tissues are urgently needed. To this end, we developed an aligned biofunctional scaffold (aPLGA-LysoGM1), in which poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was functionalized with sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase (SCDase)-hydrolyzed monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (LysoGM1) and electrospinning was used to form an aligned fibrous network. As a ganglioside of neuronal membranes, the functionalized LysoGM1 endows the scaffold with unique biological properties favoring the growth of neuron and regeneration of injured brain tissues. Moreover, we found that the aligned PLGA-LysoGM1 fibers acted as a topographical cue to guide neurite extension, which is critical for organizing the formation of synaptic networks (neural networks). Systematic in vitro studies demonstrated that the aligned biofunctional scaffold promotes neuronal viability, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation and also protects neurons from pressure-related injury. Additionally, in a rat TBI model, we demonstrated that the implantation of aPLGA-LysoGM1 scaffold supported recovery from brain injury, as more endogenous neurons were found to migrate and infiltrate into the defect zone compared with alternative scaffold. These results suggest that the aligned biofunctional aPLGA-LysoGM1 scaffold represents a promising therapeutic strategy for brain tissue regeneration following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liyu Wei
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Ou
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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20
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García Caballero G, Schmidt S, Manning JC, Michalak M, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Ludwig AK, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Chicken lens development: complete signature of expression of galectins during embryogenesis and evidence for their complex formation with α-, β-, δ-, and τ-crystallins, N-CAM, and N-cadherin obtained by affinity chromatography. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 379:13-35. [PMID: 31773304 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emerging multifunctionality of galectins by specific protein-glycan/protein interactions explains the interest to determine their expression during embryogenesis. Complete network analysis of all seven chicken galectins (CGs) is presented in the course of differentiation of eye lens that originates from a single type of progenitor cell. It answers the questions on levels of expression and individual patterns of distribution. A qualitative difference occurs in the CG-1A/B paralogue pair, underscoring conspicuous divergence. Considering different cell phenotypes, lens fiber and also epithelial cells can both express the same CG, with developmental upregulation for CG-3 and CG-8. Except for expression of the lens-specific CG (C-GRIFIN), no other CG appeared to be controlled by the transcription factors L-Maf and Pax6. Studying presence and nature of binding partners for CGs, we tested labeled galectins in histochemistry and in ligand blotting. Mass spectrometric (glyco)protein identification after affinity chromatography prominently yielded four types of crystallins, N-CAM, and, in the cases of CG-3 and CG-8, N-cadherin. Should such pairing be functional in situ, it may be involved in tightly packing intracellular lens proteins and forming membrane contact as well as in gaining plasticity and stability of adhesion processes. The expression of CGs throughout embryogenesis is postulated to give meaning to spatiotemporal alterations in the local glycome.
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21
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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22
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AbuSamra DB, Mauris J, Argüeso P. Galectin-3 initiates epithelial-stromal paracrine signaling to shape the proteolytic microenvironment during corneal repair. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/590/eaaw7095. [PMID: 31311846 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine interactions between epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts occur during tissue repair, development, and cancer. Crucial to these processes is the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that modify the microenvironment. Here, we demonstrated that the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 stimulated microenvironment remodeling in the cornea by promoting the paracrine action of secreted interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Through live cell imaging in vitro, we observed rapid activation of the MMP9 promoter in clusters of cultured human epithelial cells after direct heterotypic contact with single primary human fibroblasts. Soluble recombinant galectin-3 and endogenous galectin-3 of epithelial origin both stimulated MMP9 activity through the induction of IL-1β secretion by fibroblasts. In vivo, mechanical disruption of the basement membrane in wounded corneas prompted an increase in the abundance of IL-1β in the stroma and increased the amount of gelatinase activity in the epithelium. Moreover, corneas of galectin-3-deficient mice failed to stimulate IL-1β after wounding. This mechanism of paracrine control has broad importance for our understanding of how the proteolytic microenvironment is modified in epithelial-stromal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B AbuSamra
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jérôme Mauris
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Arciniegas E, Carrillo LM, Rojas H, Ramírez R, Chopite M. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 and Their Potential Binding Partners in the Dermal Thickening of Keloid Tissues. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:193-204. [PMID: 30801341 DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are defined histopathologically as an inflammatory disorder characterized by exhibiting numerous fibroblasts, abnormal vascularization, increased number of proinflammatory immune cells as well as uncontrolled cell proliferation, and exacerbated and disorganized deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Importantly, many of these ECM molecules display N- and O-linked glycan residues and are considered as potential targets for galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). Nevertheless, the presence and localization of Gal-1 and Gal-3 as well as the interactions with some of their binding partners in keloid tissues have not been considered. Here, we show that in the dermal thickening of keloids, versican, syndecan-1, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1, tenascin C, CD44, integrin β1, and N-cadherin were immunolocalized in the elongated fibroblasts that were close to the immune cell infiltrate, attached to collagen bundles, and around the microvasculature and in some immune cells. We also show that Gal-1 and Gal-3 were present in the cytoplasm and along the cell membrane of some fibroblasts and immune and endothelial cells of the dermal thickening. We suggest that Gal-1 and Gal-3, in concert with some of the ECM molecules produced by fibroblasts and by immune cells, counteract the inflammatory response in keloids. We also proposed that Gal-1 and Gal-3 through their binding partners may form a supramolecular structure at the cell surface of fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and in the extracellular space that might influence the fibroblast morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and survival as well as the inflammatory responses.
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Abstract
Cell surface transmembrane receptors often form nanometer- to micrometer-scale clusters to initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Extracellular ligand oligomerization, domain-domain interactions, and binding to multivalent proteins all contribute to cluster formation. Here we review the current understanding of mechanisms driving cluster formation in a series of representative receptor systems: glycosylated receptors, immune receptors, cell adhesion receptors, Wnt receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. We suggest that these clusters share properties of systems that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and could be investigated in this light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
| | - Jonathon A Ditlev
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
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Cao Z, Hao Z, Xin M, Yu L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Guo X. Endogenous and exogenous galectin-3 promote the adhesion of tumor cells with low expression of MUC1 to HUVECs through upregulation of N-cadherin and CD44. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1642-56. [PMID: 30171204 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell-endothelial adhesion is one of the key steps in tumor cell haematogenous dissemination in metastasis and was previously shown to be mediated by interaction of galectin-3 with the transmembrane mucin protein MUC1. In this study, the effect of exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 on adhesion of two cell lines (low MUC1-expressing human prostate cancer PC-3M cells and non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells) to monolayer of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. We found that suppression of endogenous galectin-3 expression reduced tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs and also decreased cell invasion and migration. Exogenous galectin-3 promoted tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs by entering cells. Both exogenous and endogenous galectin-3 upregulated the expression of β-catenin and increased β-catenin nuclear accumulation, and subsequently upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and CD44. We deduced that both exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 promoted low MUC1-expressing cancer cell adhesion to HUVECs by increasing the expression of N-cadherin and CD44 via an increase of nuclear β-catenin accumulation. These results were confirmed further by using a β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity inhibitor, N-cadherin or CD44 siRNAs. Taken together, our results suggest a new molecular mechanism of galectin-3-mediated cell adhesion in cancer metastasis.
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Bousseau S, Vergori L, Soleti R, Lenaers G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Glycosylation as new pharmacological strategies for diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:92-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rapoport EM, Matveeva VK, Vokhmyanina OA, Belyanchikov IM, Gabius HJ, Bovin NV. Localization of Galectins within Glycocalyx. Biochemistry Moscow 2018; 83:727-737. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791806010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia
| | - James W. Dennis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
- Department of Molecular Genetics, & Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
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Bänfer S, Schneider D, Dewes J, Strauss MT, Freibert SA, Heimerl T, Maier UG, Elsässer HP, Jungmann R, Jacob R. Molecular mechanism to recruit galectin-3 into multivesicular bodies for polarized exosomal secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4396-405. [PMID: 29686075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718921115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-galactoside binding lectin galectin-3 (Gal3) is found intracellularly and in the extracellular space. Secretion of this lectin is mediated independently of the secretory pathway by a not yet defined nonclassical mechanism. Here, we found Gal3 in the lumen of exosomes. Superresolution and electron microscopy studies visualized Gal3 recruitment and sorting into intraluminal vesicles. Exosomal Gal3 release depends on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I (ESCRT-I) component Tsg101 and functional Vps4a. Either Tsg101 knockdown or expression of dominant-negative Vps4aE228Q causes an intracellular Gal3 accumulation at multivesicular body formation sites. In addition, we identified a highly conserved tetrapeptide P(S/T)AP motif in the amino terminus of Gal3 that mediates a direct interaction with Tsg101. Mutation of the P(S/T)AP motif results in a loss of interaction and a dramatic decrease in exosomal Gal3 secretion. We conclude that Gal3 is a member of endogenous non-ESCRT proteins which are P(S/T)AP tagged for exosomal release.
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Zhao W, Ajani JA, Sushovan G, Ochi N, Hwang R, Hafley M, Johnson RL, Bresalier RS, Logsdon CD, Zhang Z, Song S. Galectin-3 Mediates Tumor Cell-Stroma Interactions by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells to Produce Cytokines via Integrin Signaling. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1524-1537.e6. [PMID: 29274868 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM), and production of cytokines and chemokines. Galectin 3 (GAL3), a β-galactoside-specific lectin, contributes to PDAC development but its effects on the stroma and cytokine production are unclear. METHODS The effect of recombinant human GAL3 (rGAL3) on activation of PSCs, production of cytokines, and ECM proteins was determined by proliferation, invasion, cytokine array, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We assessed co-cultures of PDAC cells with GAL3 genetic alterations with PSCs. Production of interleukin 8 (IL8) and activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and luciferase reporter analyses. We studied the effects of inhibitors of NF-κB and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on pathways activated by rGAL3. RESULTS In analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus database and our dataset, we observed higher levels of GAL3, IL8, and other cytokines in PDAC than in nontumor tissues. Production of IL8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, chemokine ligand 1, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 increased in PSCs exposed to rGAL3 compared with controls. Culture of PSCs with PDAC cells that express different levels of GAL3 resulted in proliferation and invasion of PSCs that increased with level of GAL3. GAL3 stimulated transcription of IL8 through integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGB1) on PSCs, which activates NF-κB through ILK. Inhibitors of ILK or NF-κB or a neutralizing antibody against ITGB1 blocked transcription and production of IL8 from PSCs induced by rGAL3. The GAL3 inhibitor significantly reduced growth and metastases of orthotopic tumors that formed from PDAC and PSC cells co-implanted in mice. CONCLUSION GAL3 activates PSC cells to produce inflammatory cytokines via ITGB1signaling to ILK and activation of NF-κB. Inhibition of this pathway reduced growth and metastases of pancreatic orthotopic tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Guha Sushovan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nobuo Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosa Hwang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Margarete Hafley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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31
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Tamai R, Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Kiyoura Y. Extracellular galectin-1 enhances adhesion to and invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:465-471. [PMID: 29544077 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are C-type lectin receptors that bind to lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we investigated the effects of galectin-1 and galectin-3 on adhesion to and invasion of the human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9-22 by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogenic gram-negative bacterium. Recombinant galectin-1, but not galectin-3, enhanced P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion, although both galectins bound similarly to P. gingivalis. Flow cytometry also revealed that Ca9-22 cells express low levels of galectin-1 and moderate levels of galectin-3. Ca9-22 cells in which galectin-3 was knocked-down did not exhibit enhanced P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion. Similarly, specific antibodies to galectin-1 and galectin-3 did not inhibit P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion. These results suggest that soluble galectin-1, but not galectin-3, may exacerbate periodontal disease by enhancing the adhesion to and invasion of host cells by periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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Li Z, Kabir I, Tietelman G, Huan C, Fan J, Worgall T, Jiang XC. Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis is essential for intestine cell survival and barrier function. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:173. [PMID: 29415989 PMCID: PMC5833386 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis. SPT has two major subunits, SPTLC1 and SPTLC2. We previously found that liver Sptlc2 deficiency in early life impairs the development of adherens junctions. Here, we investigated the role of Sptlc2 deficiency in intestine. We treated Sptlc2-Flox/villin-Cre-ERT2 mice with tamoxifen (days 1, 2, and 3) to ablate Sptlc2 specifically in the intestine. At day 6 after tamoxifen treatment, Sptlc2-deficient mice had significantly decreased body weight with concurrent diarrhea and rectal bleeding. The number of goblet cells was reduced in both large and small intestine of Sptlc2-deficient mice compared with controls. Sptlc2 deficiency suppressed the level of mucin2 in the colon and increased circulating lipopolysaccharides, suggesting that SPT activity has a housekeeping function in the intestine. All Sptlc2-deficient mice died 7-10 days after tamoxifen treatment. Notably, supplementation with antibiotics and dexamethasone reduced lethality by 70%. We also found that colon specimens from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases had significantly reduced Sptlc2 expression, SPTLC2 staining, and goblet cell numbers. SPT activity is crucial for intestinal cell survival and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA
| | - Inamul Kabir
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Gladys Tietelman
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tilla Worgall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
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Chan YC, Lin HY, Tu Z, Kuo YH, Hsu SD, Lin CH. Dissecting the Structure-Activity Relationship of Galectin-Ligand Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E392. [PMID: 29382172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins. As carbohydrate-binding proteins, they participate in intracellular trafficking, cell adhesion, and cell-cell signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that they play a pivotal role in numerous physiological and pathological activities, such as the regulation on cancer progression, inflammation, immune response, and bacterial and viral infections. Galectins have drawn much attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. Several molecules have been developed as galectin inhibitors. In particular, TD139, a thiodigalactoside derivative, is currently examined in clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we provide an in-depth review on the development of galectin inhibitors, aiming at the dissection of the structure-activity relationship to demonstrate how inhibitors interact with galectin(s). We especially integrate the structural information established by X-ray crystallography with several biophysical methods to offer, not only in-depth understanding at the molecular level, but also insights to tackle the existing challenges.
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Fiederling F, Weschenfelder M, Fritz M, von Philipsborn A, Bastmeyer M, Weth F. Ephrin-A/EphA specific co-adaptation as a novel mechanism in topographic axon guidance. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28722651 PMCID: PMC5517148 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hardwiring during brain development provides computational architectures for innate neuronal processing. Thus, the paradigmatic chick retinotectal projection, due to its neighborhood preserving, topographic organization, establishes millions of parallel channels for incremental visual field analysis. Retinal axons receive targeting information from quantitative guidance cue gradients. Surprisingly, novel adaptation assays demonstrate that retinal growth cones robustly adapt towards ephrin-A/EphA forward and reverse signals, which provide the major mapping cues. Computational modeling suggests that topographic accuracy and adaptability, though seemingly incompatible, could be reconciled by a novel mechanism of coupled adaptation of signaling channels. Experimentally, we find such 'co-adaptation' in retinal growth cones specifically for ephrin-A/EphA signaling. Co-adaptation involves trafficking of unliganded sensors between the surface membrane and recycling endosomes, and is presumably triggered by changes in the lipid composition of membrane microdomains. We propose that co-adaptative desensitization eventually relies on guidance sensor translocation into cis-signaling endosomes to outbalance repulsive trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fiederling
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Weschenfelder
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Fritz
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
| | - Anne von Philipsborn
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
| | - Franco Weth
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Zoological Institute, Karlruhe, Germany
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35
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Wu KL, Huang EY, Yeh WL, Hsiao CC, Kuo CM. Synergistic interaction between galectin-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen promotes colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61935-61943. [PMID: 28977916 PMCID: PMC5617476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of galectin-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in metastasis and survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. CEA interacted with galectin-3 at the cell surface and cytoplasm of Caco2 and DLD1 CRC cells. Knocking down galectin-3 did not affect CEA expression in CRC cells. However, there was a dose-dependent increase in CRC cell migration upon addition of small amounts of exogenous CEA (≤1ng/ml). Galectin-3 knockdown blocked induction of CRC cell migration by CEA, suggesting interaction between galectin-3 and CEA was necessary for CRC cell migration. Exogenous CEA and galectin-3 synergistically promoted migration of galectin-3 knockdown DLD1 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CEA co-localized with galectin-3 in CRC patient tissues. In additon, advanced stage CRC patients had higher serum galectin-3 and CEA levels than early stage CRC patients. High serum CEA and galectin-3 levels correlated with advanced N stage and poor survival in CRC patients. These findings suggest interaction between galectin-3 and CEA promotes CRC migration and metastasis, and correlates with poor survival of CRC patients. Thus combinatorial therapy targeting galectin-3 and CEA may improve outcomes for advanced stage CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Liang Wu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Yeh
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Mou Kuo
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen J, Newhall J, Xie ZR, Leckband D, Wu Y. A Computational Model for Kinetic Studies of Cadherin Binding and Clustering. Biophys J 2017; 111:1507-1518. [PMID: 27705773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin is a cell-surface transmembrane receptor that mediates calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and is a major component of adhesive junctions. The formation of intercellular adhesive junctions is initiated by trans binding between cadherins on adjacent cells, which is followed by the clustering of cadherins via the formation of cis interactions between cadherins on the same cell membranes. Moreover, classical cadherins have multiple glycosylation sites along their extracellular regions. It was found that aberrant glycosylation affects the adhesive function of cadherins and correlates with metastatic phenotypes of several cancers. However, a mechanistic understanding of cadherin clustering during cell adhesion and the role of glycosylation in this process is still lacking. Here, we designed a kinetic model that includes multistep reaction pathways for cadherin clustering. We further applied a diffusion-reaction algorithm to numerically simulate the clustering process using a recently developed coarse-grained model. Using experimentally measured rates of trans binding between soluble E-cadherin extracellular domains, we conducted simulations of cadherin-mediated cell-cell binding kinetics, and the results are quantitatively comparable to experimental data from micropipette experiments. In addition, we show that incorporating cadherin clustering via cis interactions further increases intercellular binding. Interestingly, a two-phase kinetic profile was derived under the assumption that glycosylation regulates the kinetic rates of cis interactions. This two-phase profile is qualitatively consistent with experimental results from micropipette measurements. Therefore, our computational studies provide new, to our knowledge, insights into the molecular mechanism of cadherin-based cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jillian Newhall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Zhong-Ru Xie
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deborah Leckband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Dion J, Deshayes F, Storozhylova N, Advedissian T, Lambert A, Viguier M, Tellier C, Dussouy C, Poirier F, Grandjean C. Lactosamine-Based Derivatives as Tools to Delineate the Biological Functions of Galectins: Application to Skin Tissue Repair. Chembiochem 2017; 18:782-789. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Dion
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Frédérique Deshayes
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Nataliya Storozhylova
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Tamara Advedissian
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Mireille Viguier
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Charles Tellier
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Christophe Dussouy
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Jacques Monod; UMR CNRS 7592; 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP); Université de Nantes; UMR CNRS 6286; 2 chemin de la Houssinière B. P. 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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Li Z, Kabir I, Jiang H, Zhou H, Libien J, Zeng J, Stanek A, Ou P, Li KR, Zhang S, Bui HH, Kuo MS, Park TS, Kim B, Worgall TS, Huan C, Jiang XC. Liver serine palmitoyltransferase activity deficiency in early life impairs adherens junctions and promotes tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2016; 64:2089-2102. [PMID: 27642075 PMCID: PMC5115983 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serine palmitoyltransferase is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Mice lacking serine palmitoyltransferase are embryonic lethal. We prepared liver-specific mice deficient in the serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 gene using an albumin-cyclization recombination approach and found that the deficient mice have severe jaundice. Moreover, the deficiency impairs hepatocyte polarity, attenuates liver regeneration after hepatectomy, and promotes tumorigenesis. Importantly, we show that the deficiency significantly reduces sphingomyelin but not other sphingolipids in hepatocyte plasma membrane; greatly reduces cadherin, the major protein in adherens junctions, on the membrane; and greatly induces cadherin phosphorylation, an indication of its degradation. The deficiency affects cellular distribution of β-catenin, the central component of the canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, such a defect can be partially corrected by sphingomyelin supplementation in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION The plasma membrane sphingomyelin level is one of the key factors in regulating hepatocyte polarity and tumorigenesis. (Hepatology 2016;64:2089-2102).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn
| | - Inamul Kabir
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | | | - Jenny Libien
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Jianying Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Albert Stanek
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Peiqi Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Kailyn R. Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Shane Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
| | - Hai H. Bui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285
| | - Ming-Shang Kuo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | | | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center,Correspondence: ; Or
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn,Correspondence: ; Or
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Russo D, Parashuraman S, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid-Protein Interaction in Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1732. [PMID: 27754465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a class of ceramide-based glycolipids essential for embryo development in mammals. The synthesis of specific GSLs depends on the expression of distinctive sets of GSL synthesizing enzymes that is tightly regulated during development. Several reports have described how cell surface receptors can be kept in a resting state or activate alternative signalling events as a consequence of their interaction with GSLs. Specific GSLs, indeed, interface with specific protein domains that are found in signalling molecules and which act as GSL sensors to modify signalling responses. The regulation exerted by GSLs on signal transduction is orthogonal to the ligand–receptor axis, as it usually does not directly interfere with the ligand binding to receptors. Due to their properties of adjustable production and orthogonal action on receptors, GSLs add a new dimension to the control of the signalling in development. GSLs can, indeed, dynamically influence progenitor cell response to morphogenetic stimuli, resulting in alternative differentiation fates. Here, we review the available literature on GSL–protein interactions and their effects on cell signalling and development.
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Radosavljevic GD, Pantic J, Jovanovic I, Lukic ML, Arsenijevic N. The Two Faces of Galectin-3: Roles in Various Pathological Conditions. Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Galectin-3, a unique chimaera-type member of the lectin family, displays a wide range of activities. This versatile molecule is involved in fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, apoptosis and immune responses.
This review is aimed at providing a general overview of the biological actions and diverse effects of Galectin-3 in many pathological conditions, with a specific focus on autoimmunity, inflammation and tumour progression. We report herein that Galectin-3 exerts deleterious functions determined by promotion of tumour progression and liver inflammation or aggravation of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, Galectin-3 exhibits a protective role in metabolic abnormalities and primary biliary cirrhosis.
The paradoxical “yin and yang” functions of Galectin-3 depend not only on its tissue and cellular localization but also on its availability, glycosylation status and the expression level of its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana D. Radosavljevic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pantic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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Hoja-Łukowicz D, Przybyło M, Duda M, Pocheć E, Bubka M. On the trail of the glycan codes stored in cancer-related cell adhesion proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3237-3257. [PMID: 27565356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the profile of protein glycosylation are a hallmark of ongoing neoplastic transformation. A unique set of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens expressed on the surface of malignant cells may serve as powerful diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Cell-surface proteins with altered glycosylation affect the growth, proliferation and survival of those cells, and contribute to their acquisition of the ability to migrate and invade. They may also facilitate tumor-induced immunosuppression and the formation of distant metastases. Deciphering the information encoded in these particular glycan portions of glycoconjugates may shed light on the mechanisms of cancer progression and metastasis. A majority of the related review papers have focused on overall changes in the patterns of cell-surface glycans in various cancers, without pinpointing the molecular carriers of these glycan structures. The present review highlights the ways in which particular tumor-associated glycan(s) coupled with a given membrane-bound protein influence neoplastic cell behavior during the development and progression of cancer. We focus on altered glycosylated cell-adhesion molecules belonging to the cadherin, integrin and immunoglobulin-like superfamilies, examined in the context of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Talaga ML, Fan N, Fueri AL, Brown RK, Bandyopadhyay P, Dam TK. Multitasking Human Lectin Galectin-3 Interacts with Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4541-51. [PMID: 27427828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding proteins (GAGBPs), including growth factors, cytokines, morphogens, and extracellular matrix proteins, interact with both free GAGs and those covalently linked to proteoglycans. Such interactions modulate a variety of cellular and extracellular events, such as cell growth, metastasis, morphogenesis, neural development, and inflammation. GAGBPs are structurally and evolutionarily unrelated proteins that typically recognize internal sequences of sulfated GAGs. GAGBPs are distinct from the other major group of glycan binding proteins, lectins. The multifunctional human galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside binding lectin that preferentially binds to N-acetyllactosamine moieties on glycoconjugates. Here, we demonstrate through microcalorimetric and spectroscopic data that Gal-3 possesses the characteristics of a GAGBP. Gal-3 interacts with unmodified heparin, chondroitin sulfate-A (CSA), -B (CSB), and -C (CSC) as well as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). While heparin, CSA, and CSC bind with micromolar affinity, the affinity of CSPGs is nanomolar. Significantly, CSA, CSC, and a bovine CSPG were engaged in multivalent binding with Gal-3 and formed noncovalent cross-linked complexes with the lectin. Binding of sulfated GAGs was completely abolished when Gal-3 was preincubated with β-lactose. Cross-linking of Gal-3 by CSA, CSC, and the bovine CSPG was reversed by β-lactose. Both observations strongly suggest that GAGs primarily occupy the lactose/LacNAc binding site of Gal-3. Hill plot analysis of calorimetric data reveals that the binding of CSA, CSC, and a bovine CSPG to Gal-3 is associated with progressive negative cooperativity effects. Identification of Gal-3 as a GAGBP should help to reveal new functions of Gal-3 mediated by GAGs and proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Talaga
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ni Fan
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ashli L Fueri
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Robert K Brown
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Purnima Bandyopadhyay
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Tarun K Dam
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, §Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Völlner F, Ali J, Kurrle N, Exner Y, Eming R, Hertl M, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Loss of flotillin expression results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and Pemphigus vulgaris-like localisation of desmoglein-3 in human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28820. [PMID: 27346727 PMCID: PMC4922016 DOI: 10.1038/srep28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are adhesion plaques that mediate cell-cell adhesion in many tissues, including the epidermis, and generate mechanical resistance to tissues. The extracellular domains of desmosomal cadherin proteins, desmogleins and desmocollins, are required for the interaction with cadherins of the neighbouring cells, whereas their cytoplasmic tails associate with cytoplasmic proteins which mediate connection to intermediate filaments. Disruption of desmosomal adhesion by mutations, autoantibodies or bacterial toxins results in severe human disorders of e.g. the skin and the heart. Despite the vital role of desmosomes in various tissues, the details of their molecular assembly are not clear. We here show that the two members of the flotillin protein family directly interact with the cytoplasmic tails of desmogleins. Depletion of flotillins in human keratinocytes results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and reduced expression of desmoglein-3, most likely due to a reduction in the desmosomal pool due to increased turnover. In the absence of flotillins, desmoglein-3 shows an altered localisation pattern in the cell-cell junctions of keratinocytes, which is highly similar to the localisation observed upon treatment with pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies. Thus, our data show that flotillins, which have previously been connected to the classical cadherins, are also of importance for the desmosomal cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Völlner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jawahir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Exner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Michalak M, Shilova N, Yegres M, André S, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Schnölzer M, Bovin NV, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Chicken GRIFIN: A homodimeric member of the galectin network with canonical properties and a unique expression profile. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:34-47. [PMID: 27296808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as family sets the challenge to achieve a complete network analysis. Along this route taken for a well-suited model organism (chicken), we fill the remaining gap to characterize its seventh member known from rat as galectin-related inter-fiber protein (GRIFIN) in the lens. Its single-copy gene is common to vertebrates, with one or more deviations from the so-called signature sequence for ligand (lactose) contact. The chicken protein is a homodimeric agglutinin with capacity to bind β-galactosides, especially the histo-blood group B tetrasaccharide, shown by solid-phase/cell assays and a glycan microarray. Mass spectrometric identification of two lactose-binding peptides after tryptic on-bead fragmentation suggests an interaction at the canonical region despite a sequence change from Arg to Val at the site, which impairs reactivity of human galectin-1. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of specimen from adult chicken organs reveal restriction of expression to the lens, here immunohistochemically throughout its main body. This report sets the stage for detailed structure-activity studies to define factors relevant for affinity beyond the signature sequence and to perform the first complete network analysis of the galectin family in developing and adult organs of a vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Shilova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michelle Yegres
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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More SK, Chiplunkar SV, Kalraiya RD. Galectin-3-induced cell spreading and motility relies on distinct signaling mechanisms compared to fibronectin. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:179-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fernández MM, Ferragut F, Cárdenas Delgado VM, Bracalente C, Bravo AI, Cagnoni AJ, Nuñez M, Morosi LG, Quinta HR, Espelt MV, Troncoso MF, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Mariño KV, Malchiodi EL, Rabinovich GA, Elola MT. Glycosylation-dependent binding of galectin-8 to activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) promotes its surface segregation on breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2255-68. [PMID: 27130882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) can interact with galectin-8 (Gal-8) in endothelial cells. ALCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that promotes homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell interactions. Gal-8 is a "tandem-repeat"-type galectin, known as a matricellular protein involved in cell adhesion. Here, we analyzed the physical interaction between both molecules in breast cancer cells and the functional relevance of this phenomenon. METHODS We performed binding assays by surface plasmon resonance to study the interaction between Gal-8 and the recombinant glycosylated ALCAM ectodomain or endogenous ALCAM from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We also analyzed the binding of ALCAM-silenced or control breast cancer cells to immobilized Gal-8 by SPR. In internalization assays, we evaluated the influence of Gal-8 on ALCAM surface localization. RESULTS We showed that recombinant glycosylated ALCAM and endogenous ALCAM from breast carcinoma cells physically interacted with Gal-8 in a glycosylation-dependent fashion displaying a differential behavior compared to non-glycosylated ALCAM. Moreover, ALCAM-silenced breast cancer cells exhibited reduced binding to Gal-8 relative to control cells. Importantly, exogenously added Gal-8 provoked ALCAM segregation, probably trapping this adhesion molecule at the surface of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Gal-8 interacts with ALCAM at the surface of breast cancer cells through glycosylation-dependent mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A novel heterophilic interaction between ALCAM and Gal-8 is demonstrated here, suggesting its physiologic relevance in the biology of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fernández
- Institute of Studies in Humoral Immunology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and National Council Research (CONICET), Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fátima Ferragut
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor M Cárdenas Delgado
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Bracalente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Bravo
- Molecular Pathology Department, "Eva Perón" HIGA Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Glycomics, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Nuñez
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Glycomics, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunopathology, IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor R Quinta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Glycomics, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Institute of Studies in Humoral Immunology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and National Council Research (CONICET), Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, IBYME, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), UBA-CONICET, Biological Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Taparra K, Tran PT, Zachara NE. Hijacking the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway to Promote EMT-Mediated Neoplastic Phenotypes. Front Oncol 2016; 6:85. [PMID: 27148477 PMCID: PMC4834358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved program necessary for orchestrating distant cell migration during embryonic development. Multiple studies in cancer have demonstrated a critical role for EMT during the initial stages of tumorigenesis and later during tumor invasion. Transcription factors (TFs) such as SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB are master EMT regulators that are aberrantly overexpressed in many malignancies. Recent evidence correlates EMT-related transcriptomic alterations with metabolic reprograming in cancer. Metabolic alterations may allow cancer to adapt to environmental stressors, supporting the irregular macromolecular demand of rapid proliferation. One potential metabolic pathway of increasing importance is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). The HBP utilizes glycolytic intermediates to generate the metabolite UDP-GlcNAc. This and other charged nucleotide sugars serve as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Recent reports in the field of glycobiology have cultivated great curiosity within the cancer research community. However, specific mechanistic relationships between the HBP and fundamental pathways of cancer, such as EMT, have yet to be elucidated. Altered protein glycosylation downstream of the HBP is well positioned to mediate many cellular changes associated with EMT including cell-cell adhesion, responsiveness to growth factors, immune system evasion, and signal transduction programs. Here, we outline some of the basics of the HBP and putative roles the HBP may have in driving EMT-related cancer processes. With novel appreciation of the HBP's connection to EMT, we hope to illuminate the potential for new therapeutic targets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoa Taparra
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Yu Q, Shen W, Zhou H, Dong W, Gao D. Knockdown of LI-cadherin alters expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and galectin-3. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4469-74. [PMID: 27035870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-intestine cadherin (LI-cadherin), a novel member of the cadherin family, has been associated with the ability of a tumor to acquire an aggressive phenotype in several types of cancer. However, the exact function of LI-cadherin in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis remains predominantly unknown. To explore the effect of LI-cadherin on the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and galectin-3 in LoVo human colorectal cancer cells, a RNA interference technique was applied to suppress the expression of LI‑cadherin. Subsequently, the mRNA levels and activities of MMP-2 and -9 were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography, respectively. Additionally, the protein expression level of galectin-3 was determined by western blot analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-silencing of LI-cadherin significantly increased the mRNA levels and activities of MMP‑2 and ‑9, and significantly reduced the protein levels of galectin‑3 in LoVo cells compared with control shRNA (P<0.05). These data indicate that knockdown of LI‑cadherin facilitates the invasion of cancer cells by degrading extracellular matrix components via activation of MMP‑2 and ‑9, and increases cancer cell adhesion and migration via altered expression of galectin‑3. This suggests that LI‑cadherin serves an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and may be used as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Huangyan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Vaiana CA, Kurcon T, Mahal LK. MicroRNA-424 Predicts a Role for β-1,4 Branched Glycosylation in Cell Cycle Progression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1529-37. [PMID: 26589799 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA regulation of protein expression plays an important role in mediating many cellular processes, from cell proliferation to cell death. The human microRNA miR-424 is up-regulated in response to anti-proliferative cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and directly represses cell cycle progression. Our laboratory recently established that microRNA can be used as a proxy to identify biological roles of glycosylation enzymes (glycogenes). Herein we identify MGAT4A, OGT, and GALNT13 as targets of miR-424. We demonstrate that MGAT4A, an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that installs the β-1,4 branch of N-glycans, is directly regulated by miR-424 in multiple mammary epithelial cell lines and observe the loss of MGAT4A in response to TGFβ, an inducer of miR-424. Knockdown of MGAT4A induces cell cycle arrest through decreasing CCND1 levels. MGAT4A does not affect levels of β-1,6 branched N-glycans, arguing that this effect is specific to β-1,4 branching and not due to gross changes in overall N-linked glycosylation. This work provides insight into the regulation of cell cycle progression by specific N-glycan branching patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Vaiana
- From the Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Tomasz Kurcon
- From the Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Lara K Mahal
- From the Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Dennis JW. Many Light Touches Convey the Message. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:673-686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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