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Farhadi A, Abuei H, Okhovat MA, Geramizadeh B, Behzad-Behbahani A, Chong PP, Nikouyan N, Namdari S. Type distribution of human papillomaviruses in ThinPrep cytology samples and HPV16/18 E6 gene variations in FFPE cervical cancer specimens in Fars province, Iran. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:166. [PMID: 37568237 PMCID: PMC10422805 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There exists strong evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical cancer (CC). HPV E6 is a major oncogene whose sequence variations may be associated with the development of CC. There is not sufficient data on the distribution of HPV types in ThinPrep cytology specimens and HPV 16/18 E6 gene variations among CC patients in the southwest of Iran. This study was conducted to contribute to HPV screening and vaccination in Iran. METHODS A total of 648 women screened for cervicitis, intraepithelial neoplasia or CC were included in the study. All participants underwent ThinPrep cytology testing, single-step HPV DNA detection and allele-specific reverse hybridization assays. Moreover, a total of 96 specimens previously tested positive for single infection with HPV16 or 18 were included for variant analysis. HPV16/18 lineages and sublineages were determined by PCR assays followed by sequencing the E6 gene and the construction of neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees. RESULTS Overall, HPV DNA was detected in 62.19% of all the screened subjects. The detection rates of HPV DNA among individuals with normal, ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, and HSIL cervical cytology were 48.9%, 93.6%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Low-risk HPVs were detected more frequently (46.9%) than high-risk (38.9%) and possible high-risk types (11.1%). Of 403 HPV-positive subjects, 172 (42.7%) had single HPV infections while the remaining 231 (57.3%) were infected with multiple types of HPV. Our results indicated a remarkable growth of high-risk HPV66 and 68 and low-risk HPV81 which have rarely been reported in Iran and HPV90 and 87 that are reported for the first time in the country. In addition, 3 lineages (A, D, and C) and 6 sublineages (A1, A2, A4, C1, D1, and D2) of HPV16, and one lineage and 4 sublineages (A1, A3, A4, and A5) of HPV18 were identified. The studied HPV16 and 18 variants mainly belonged to the D1 and A4 sublineages, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the prevalence of HPV infection in women of all age groups with or without premalignant lesions in the southwestern Iran is high and the predominant HPV types in the southwest of Iran may differ from those detected in other parts of the country. This study also highlights the necessity of not only initiating HPV vaccination for the general population but also developing new vaccines that confer immunity against the prevalent HPV types in the area and national cervical screening programs using a combination of thinPrep cytology test and HPV detection assays in order to improve the accuracy of the screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farhadi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Abuei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Negin Nikouyan
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepide Namdari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Muñoz-bello JO, Carrillo-garcía A, Lizano M. Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of HPV Variants in Cervical Cancer: The State of the Art in Mexico. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8566. [PMID: 35955700 PMCID: PMC9368912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a major public health problem in Mexico, ranking second among cancers in women. A persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) is the main risk factor for CC development. In addition, a significant fraction of other cancers including those of the anus, oropharynx, and penis are also related to HPV infection. In CC, HPV-16 is the most prevalent high-risk HPV type, followed by HPV-18, both being responsible for 70% of cases. HPV intratype variant lineages differ in nucleotide sequences by 1–10%, while sublineages differ by 0.5–1%. Several studies have postulated that the nucleotide changes that occur between HPV intratype variants are reflected in functional differences and in pathogenicity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that HPV-16 and -18 intratype variants differentially affect molecular processes in infected cells, changing their biological behavior that finally impacts in the clinical outcome of patients. Mexico has participated in providing knowledge on the geographical distribution of intratype variants of the most prevalent HPVs in premalignant lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer, as well as in other HPV-related tumors. In addition, functional studies have been carried out to assess the cellular effects of intratype variations in HPV proteins. This review addresses the state of the art on the epidemiology of HPV-16 and HPV-18 intratype variants in the Mexican population, as well as their association with persistence, precancer and cervical cancer, and functional aspects related to their biological behavior.
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Salavatiha Z, Shoja Z, Heydari N, Marashi SM, Younesi S, Nozarian Z, Jalilvand S. Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 18 based on E6 region in cervical samples of Iranian women. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3815-3820. [PMID: 32644190 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 variants are thought to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. As such, understanding the regional variants of HPV 18 would be of great importance for evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological analysis. In this regard, the sequence variations of E6 gene were investigated to characterize more common variants of HPV 18 in normal cells, premalignant, and malignant samples collected from the cervix. In total, 99 samples of HPV 18 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In overall, lineages A was identified in all study subjects, among which sublineage A4 was dominant although the difference observed was not statistically significant with regard to different stages of disease. Sublineage A4 comprised 90.9% of samples and the remaining were belonged to sublineages A1, A2, A3, and A5 at the frequency of 6.1%, 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings clearly highlight the sublineage A4 of HPV 18 as the most dominant variant in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Heydari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdid Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarang Younesi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nilou Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Pathology, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yamaguchi-Naka M, Onuki M, Tenjimbayashi Y, Hirose Y, Tasaka N, Satoh T, Morisada T, Iwata T, Sekizawa A, Matsumoto K, Kukimoto I. Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus 18 infections in Japanese Women. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 83:104345. [PMID: 32360473 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the oncogenic genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV18 is the second most common type detected in cervical cancer worldwide and is primarily involved in the generation of cervical adenocarcinoma. Although HPV intra-type variants confer different risks of cervical carcinogenesis, there is little information on the genetic diversity of HPV18 compared to the most prevalent type, HPV16. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of HPV18 in cervical specimens obtained from Japanese women with normal cervices or cervical cancers and precancers. Of the 101 HPV18-positive samples analyzed, viral whole genome amplification followed by next-generation sequencing led to the determination of viral complete genome sequences of 18 samples. Phylogenetic analysis of these HPV18 whole genome sequences identified a distinct variant cluster consisting of only Japanese samples (n = 7) belonging to sublineage A1. Viral genome sequences were also analyzed for the E6/E7 (n = 66) and E2 (n = 27) genes by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of these regions showed that the variant distribution among Japanese women was strongly biased toward sublineage A1 (72 of 87; 82.8%). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of specific sublineages between cervical cancer/precancer cases and controls, and between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cases. These data contribute to our understanding of the genetic diversity of HPV18 in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Yamaguchi-Naka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Mamiko Onuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yuri Tenjimbayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tohru Morisada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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Fuentes-gonzález AM, Muñoz-bello JO, Manzo-merino J, Contreras-paredes A, Pedroza-torres A, Fernández-retana J, Pérez-plasencia C, Lizano M. Intratype variants of the E2 protein from human papillomavirus type 18 induce different gene expression profiles associated with apoptosis and cell proliferation. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1815-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Onuki M, Matsumoto K, Tenjimbayashi Y, Tasaka N, Akiyama A, Sakurai M, Minaguchi T, Oki A, Satoh T, Yoshikawa H. Human papillomavirus genotype and prognosis of cervical cancer: Favorable survival of patients with HPV16-positive tumors. Papillomavirus Res 2018; 6:41-45. [PMID: 30347290 PMCID: PMC6218653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) type on invasive cervical cancer (ICC) was analyzed for 137 women treated for ICC at a single institution between 1999 and 2007. The study subjects were divided into three groups according to HPV genotype: HPV16-positive (n = 59), HPV18-positive (n = 33), and HPV16/18-negative ICC (non-HPV16/18, n = 45). The median follow-up time was 102.5 months (range, 5–179). The 10-year overall survival (10y-OS) rates in women with FIGO stage I/II disease were similar among HPV genotypes: 94.7% for HPV16 (n = 39), 95.2% for HPV18 (n = 26), and 96.4% for non-HPV16/18 (n = 29). However, the 10y-OS rates in women with FIGO stage III/IV tumors were 73.7% for HPV16 (n = 20), 45.7% for HPV18 (n = 7), and 35.7% for other types (n = 16), with significantly higher survival in HPV16-positive compared with HPV16-negative ICC (10y-OS; 73.7% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.04). This difference in FIGO stage III/IV tumors remained significant after adjusting for age and histology (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.86, P = 0.02). These results suggest that detection of HPV16 DNA may be associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with FIGO stage III/IV ICC. Given that most women with FIGO stage III/IV tumors received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, this finding may imply that HPV16-positive tumors are more chemoradiosensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Onuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Yuri Tenjimbayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Azusa Akiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakurai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeo Minaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akinori Oki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan
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Muñoz-Bello JO, Olmedo-Nieva L, Castro-Muñoz LJ, Manzo-Merino J, Contreras-Paredes A, González-Espinosa C, López-Saavedra A, Lizano M. HPV-18 E6 Oncoprotein and Its Spliced Isoform E6*I Regulate the Wnt/β-Catenin Cell Signaling Pathway through the TCF-4 Transcriptional Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3153. [PMID: 30322153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation and its aberrant activation in cervical cancer has been described. Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the most important factor for the development of this neoplasia, since E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins alter cellular processes, promoting cervical cancer development. A role of HPV-16 E6 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been proposed, although the participation of HPV-18 E6 has not been previously studied. The aim of this work was to investigate the participation of HPV-18 E6 and E6*I, in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we show that E6 proteins up-regulate TCF-4 transcriptional activity and promote overexpression of Wnt target genes. In addition, it was demonstrated that E6 and E6*I bind to the TCF-4 (T cell factor 4) and β-catenin, impacting TCF-4 stabilization. We found that both E6 and E6*I proteins interact with the promoter of Sp5, in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, although differences in TCF-4 transcriptional activation were found among E6 intratype variants, no changes were observed in the levels of regulated genes. Furthermore, our data support that E6 proteins cooperate with β-catenin to promote cell proliferation.
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Chen AA, Gheit T, Franceschi S, Tommasino M, Clifford GM. Human Papillomavirus 18 Genetic Variation and Cervical Cancer Risk Worldwide. J Virol 2015; 89:10680-7. [PMID: 26269181 PMCID: PMC4580183 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01747-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) is the second most carcinogenic HPV type, after HPV16, and it accounts for approximately 12% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 37% of adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the cervix worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the worldwide diversity and carcinogenicity of HPV18 genetic variants by sequencing the entire long control region (LCR) and the E6 open reading frame of 711 HPV18-positive cervical samples from 39 countries, taking advantage of the International Agency for Research on Cancer biobank. A total of 209 unique HPV18 sequence variants were identified that formed three phylogenetic lineages (A, B, and C). A and B lineages each divided into four sublineages, including a newly identified candidate B4 sublineage. The distribution of lineages varied by geographical region, with B and C lineages found principally in Africa. HPV18 (sub)lineages were compared between 453 cancer cases and 236 controls, as well as between 81 ADC and 160 matched SCC cases. In region-stratified analyses, there were no significant differences in the distribution of HPV18 variant lineages between cervical cancer cases and controls or between ADC and SCC. In conclusion, our findings do not support the role of HPV18 (sub)lineages for discriminating cancer risk or explaining why HPV18 is more strongly linked with ADC than SCC. IMPORTANCE This is the largest and most geographically/ethnically diverse study of the genetic variation of HPV18 to date, providing a comprehensive reference for phylogenetic classification of HPV18 sublineages for epidemiological and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce A Chen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Xi LF, Schiffman M, Koutsky LA, Hughes JP, Winer RL, Mao C, Hulbert A, Lee SK, Shen Z, Kiviat NB. Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju270. [PMID: 25217779 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on clinical outcomes of infection with variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and HPV18 are rare. We investigated intratypic variations in non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types and their corresponding relationships with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (CIN2/3). METHODS Study subjects were women who were positive for one or more of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types. Subjects were followed every six months for two years for detection of HPV and cervical lesions. Variant lineages were defined by sequencing the 3' part of the long control region and the entire E6/E7 region of HPV genome. Lineage-associated risk of CIN2/3 was assessed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 4591 type-specific HPV infections among 2667 women were included in the analysis. The increase in risk of CIN2/3 was statistically significant for women with HPV31 A or B compared with C variants, HPV33 A1 compared with B variants, HPV45 A3 or B2 compared with B1 variants, HPV56 B compared with A2 variants, and HPV58 A1 or A3 compared with C variants. For these five types, the adjusted odds ratio associated with CIN2/3 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 2.6) for infections with single-type high-risk (HR) variants, 1.7 (95% CI = 1.0 to 2.7) for infections with two or more types but only one HR variant, and 5.3 (95% CI = 3.1 to 8.4) for infections with HR variants of two or more types as compared with those with single-type non-HR variants. The likelihood of CIN2/3 was similar for women with HPV16 infection and for those with HPV58 A1 variant infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that for a given HPV type, intratypic nucleotide changes may alter phenotypic traits that affect the probability of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura A Koutsky
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Constance Mao
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ayaka Hulbert
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shu-Kuang Lee
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhenping Shen
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy B Kiviat
- Department of Pathology (LFX, AH, ZS, NBK) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CM), School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (LFX, LAK, RLW, SKL) and Department of Biostatistics (JPH), School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MS), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Kim H, Sung J, Lee E, Ahn S, Song SY, Choi CH, Kim T, Kim B, Bae D, Lee J. Prognostic Factors Influencing Decisions About Surgical Treatment of Villoglandular Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 24:1299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to analyze the clinicopathologic features of villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix, a variant of cervical adenocarcinoma with good prognosis, and to discuss the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with VGA.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify the patients with VGA between 1999 and 2007 at the Samsung Medical Center.ResultsFifteen patients were identified among 171 women diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The median age was 40 years (range, 32–72 years). Four patients were treated by cone biopsy and 10 patients by hysterectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. Five patients had invasion of more than half of the depth of tumor in the cervix. Lymphovascular space invasion was present in 2 patients, one of whom also had lymph node metastases. Three recurrences were identified during the median follow-up of 64 months (range, 9–149 months). An HPV test was positive in 6 of 7 patients. Of the 6 patients with HPV infection, 2 were positive for HPV type 18, one for HPV type 6, and the remaining 3 were positive for 1 or more types of high-risk HPV.ConclusionsAlthough VGA has been reported to have a favorable prognosis, we observed recurrences in those patients with close margins by the tumor, lymph node metastasis, or advanced stage. Human papillomavirus DNA, mostly HPV types 16 and 18, was associated with VGA. Further studies are warranted on prognostic factors and the pathogenetic role of HPV infections.
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Sarian LO, Rabelo-Santos SH, Derchain SFM, Zeferino LC. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of glandular abnormalities of the cervix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Meza-Menchaca T, Williams J, Rodríguez-Estrada RB, García-Bravo A, Ramos-Ligonio Á, López-Monteon A, Zepeda RC. A low density microarray method for the identification of human papillomavirus type 18 variants. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:12975-93. [PMID: 24077317 PMCID: PMC3859045 DOI: 10.3390/s131012975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel microarray based-method for the screening of oncogenic human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18) molecular variants. Due to the fact that sequencing methodology may underestimate samples containing more than one variant we designed a specific and sensitive stacking DNA hybridization assay. This technology can be used to discriminate between three possible phylogenetic branches of HPV-18. Probes were attached covalently on glass slides and hybridized with single-stranded DNA targets. Prior to hybridization with the probes, the target strands were pre-annealed with the three auxiliary contiguous oligonucleotides flanking the target sequences. Screening HPV-18 positive cell lines and cervical samples were used to evaluate the performance of this HPV DNA microarray. Our results demonstrate that the HPV-18's variants hybridized specifically to probes, with no detection of unspecific signals. Specific probes successfully reveal detectable point mutations in these variants. The present DNA oligoarray system can be used as a reliable, sensitive and specific method for HPV-18 variant screening. Furthermore, this simple assay allows the use of inexpensive equipment, making it accessible in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Health Services Studies Centre, University of Veracruz, 147 Carmen Serdan St., Centre, Veracruz-Llave, Veracruz 91700, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.B.R.-E.); (A.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Veracruz, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala St. Xalapa-Enriquez, Veracruz 91120, Mexico; E-Mails: (Á.R.L.); (A.L.-M.); (R.C.Z.)
- LADISER Inmunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Veracruz, Orizaba, Veracruz 94340, Mexico
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +52-229-932-49-78
| | - John Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; E-Mail:
| | - Rocío B. Rodríguez-Estrada
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Health Services Studies Centre, University of Veracruz, 147 Carmen Serdan St., Centre, Veracruz-Llave, Veracruz 91700, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.B.R.-E.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Aracely García-Bravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Health Services Studies Centre, University of Veracruz, 147 Carmen Serdan St., Centre, Veracruz-Llave, Veracruz 91700, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.B.R.-E.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Ángel Ramos-Ligonio
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Veracruz, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala St. Xalapa-Enriquez, Veracruz 91120, Mexico; E-Mails: (Á.R.L.); (A.L.-M.); (R.C.Z.)
- LADISER Inmunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Veracruz, Orizaba, Veracruz 94340, Mexico
| | - Aracely López-Monteon
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Veracruz, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala St. Xalapa-Enriquez, Veracruz 91120, Mexico; E-Mails: (Á.R.L.); (A.L.-M.); (R.C.Z.)
- LADISER Inmunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Veracruz, Orizaba, Veracruz 94340, Mexico
| | - Rossana C. Zepeda
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Veracruz, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala St. Xalapa-Enriquez, Veracruz 91120, Mexico; E-Mails: (Á.R.L.); (A.L.-M.); (R.C.Z.)
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13
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Amador-Molina A, González-Montoya JL, García-Carrancá A, Mohar A, Lizano M. Intratypic changes of the E1 gene and the long control region affect ori function of human papillomavirus type 18 variants. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:393-402. [PMID: 23100366 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.045807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes the main aetiological factor for cervical cancer development. HPV16 and 18 are the most prevalent types found in cervical cancer worldwide. It has been proposed that HPV intratype variations may result in differences in biological behaviour. Three different HPV18 variants belonging to the Asian Amerindian (AsAi), European (E) and African (Af) branches have been associated with specific histological types of cervical cancer with different relative prognoses, suggesting that HPV18 genomic variations might participate in disease evolution. The E1 viral protein plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and load, requiring interaction with the E2 protein to bind to the long control region (LCR). In this work, we analysed if intratype variations in the LCR and E1 and E2 genes of HPV18 impact ori replication. While the changes found in E2 genes of the tested variants were irrelevant in replication, we found that variations in E1 and LCR in fact affect ori function. It was demonstrated that nucleotide differences in the LCR variants impact ori function. Nevertheless, HPV18 E1 Af gene was mainly involved in the highest ori replication, compared with the E and AsAi E1 variants. Immunofluorescence analysis showed increased levels of Af E1 in the nucleus, correlating with the enhanced ori function. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that at least two positions in the N-terminal domain of E1 could impact its nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - José Luis González-Montoya
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
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14
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Fragoso-Ontiveros V, María Alvarez-García R, Contreras-Paredes A, Vaca-Paniagua F, Alonso Herrera L, López-Camarillo C, Jacobo-Herrera N, Lizano-Soberón M, Pérez-Plasencia C. Gene expression profiles induced by E6 from non-European HPV18 variants reveals a differential activation on cellular processes driving to carcinogenesis. Virology 2012; 432:81-90. [PMID: 22743128 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer in developed countries remains as a major concern on public health policies due to incidence and mortality rates. Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus is a necessary etiological agent in the progression to invasive cervical carcinoma. A proposed hypothesis is the association between more aggressive HPV variants and the risk to develop cervical cancer. In order to have a global perspective in terms of cellular transcripts and molecular pathways affected by HPV18 E6 intratype variants; we conducted a genome wide analysis of gene expression. Our results show that E6 derived from non-European variants are able to up-regulate cellular transcripts associated to the hallmarks of cancer; such as cell cycle, migration, Wnt pathway and mTor signaling. Moreover, we were able to show that HPV18 E6 from African variant had a major effect on cellular processes such as cell cycle and migration as confirmed by functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Fragoso-Ontiveros
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Av. San Fernando 22, Col. Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, DF, Mexico.
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15
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Rashed MM, Bekele A. The prevalence and pattern of HPV-16 immunostaining in uterine cervical carcinomas in Ethiopian women: a pilot study. Pan Afr Med J 2011; 8:21. [PMID: 22121430 PMCID: PMC3224022 DOI: 10.4314/pamj.v8i1.71077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer of the cervix uteri is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with cervical carcinogenesis is well documented. This is a pilot study aiming to studying the prevalence and the pattern of Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 (HPV16) by immunostaining in the tissues of cervical carcinomas of Ethiopian women. Methods 20 specimens of uterine cervical carcinomas were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically for HPV16. Results Histologically the specimens were classified as: Ten cases were Non Keratinized Squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC), six cases were Keratinized Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KSCC) and four cases were Adenocarcinoma (ADC). Immunohistochemistry study showed positivity in eleven cases (55%); seven cases (35%) were non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma; three cases (15%) were keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and one case (5%) belonged to the adenocarcinomas. Conclusion This study reveals a significant detection of HPV in Ethiopian women by the use of advanced techniques such as Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data of this study suggested that the marked expression of the HPV 16 was in the less differentiated uterine cervix carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Rashed
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated to General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt
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16
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Tornesello ML, Losito S, Benincasa G, Fulciniti F, Botti G, Greggi S, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants and risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:32-42. [PMID: 21211829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have been extensively studied in uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma and HPV16 variants have been found to be associated with increased cancer risk, but few reports have been published on genotype distribution and HPV16 variant prevalence in adenocarcinoma tumors. The objective of this study was to analyze viral genotypes and HPV16 intratypic variants in cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of Italian women. METHODS A total of 39 invasive adenocarcinoma and 132 squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and classified according to the modified WHO classification. HPV sequences were detected by nested PCR, using the broad spectrum consensus-primer pairs MY09/MY11 and the GP5+/GP6+ system, and genotyped by nucleotide sequence analysis. The HPV16-positive cases were amplified with E6-specific oligonucleotides and amplimers subjected to direct nucleotide sequence for variant identification. RESULTS The prevalence rate of any HPV infection was 72% in adenocarcinoma, and 85% in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Among the 140 HPV-positive cancer cases, a total of nine mucosal HPV genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 58, 82) epidemiologically classified as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic viruses were identified. The HPV type 16 was the most common viral type representing 64% and 73% of all infections in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The E6 nucleotide sequence analysis of HPV16 isolates allowed the identification of Asian American (AA) variants in 33% of adenocarcinoma and in 20% of squamous cell carcinoma suggesting their stronger association with cancer of glandular origin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HPV16 has a high prevalence in both invasive adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma from Italian patients. Moreover this study confirms previous observations, summarized in a systematic review of the literature, on the increased cancer risk of HPV16 AA class in adenoglandular cancer, possibly related to their more oncogenic behavior compared to HPV16 European variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, and AIDS Reference Centre, National Cancer Institute, Fond. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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17
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Lizano M, Berumen J, García-Carrancá A. HPV-related carcinogenesis: basic concepts, viral types and variants. Arch Med Res 2010; 40:428-34. [PMID: 19853182 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes a diverse group of small DNA virus, some extensively studied during the last three decades due to their carcinogenic potential. Persistence of viral infections and uncontrolled expression of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes are critical events in transformation. A surprisingly large number of different HPV types have been identified and classified (>100) and it has been anticipated that almost 200 may exist. HPV types are thought to have originated very early during human evolution and are now defined by their L1 genomic sequence, differing by >10% among them. Importantly, viral types are cell-type specific and usually produce different kinds of lesions, benign or malignant. In addition, these types have co-evolved with their hosts and have generated what we call now intratype variants. Variants of HPV types are found associated with the ethnicity of the populations and have been grouped geographically. It is believed that HPV intratype variants may differ in biological behavior. Recognition of the crucial role that some specific HPV types play in cervical cancer development is highly important for their prevention and implementation of public health strategies to control cervical cancer, still the leading cause of death among cancer patients in many developing nations. Here we review basic concepts of HPV-induced carcinogenesis and molecular differences found among HPV types and intratype variants and discuss their clinical and functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Cáncer, Investigación Biomédica en División de Investigación Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, SSA, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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18
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Lace MJ, Isacson C, Anson JR, Lörincz AT, Wilczynski SP, Haugen TH, Turek LP. Upstream regulatory region alterations found in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) isolates from cervical carcinomas increase transcription, ori function, and HPV immortalization capacity in culture. J Virol 2009; 83:7457-66. [PMID: 19458011 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00285-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs isolated from cervical and head and neck carcinomas frequently contain nucleotide sequence alterations in the viral upstream regulatory region (URR). Our study has addressed the role such sequence changes may play in the efficiency of establishing HPV persistence and altered keratinocyte growth. Genomic mapping of integrated HPV type 16 (HPV-16) genomes from 32 cervical cancers revealed that the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes, as well as the L1 region/URR, were intact in all of them. The URR sequences from integrated and unintegrated viral DNA were found to harbor distinct sets of nucleotide substitutions. A subset of the altered URRs increased the potential of HPV-16 to establish persistent, cell growth-altering viral-genome replication in the cell. This aggressive phenotype in culture was not solely due to increased viral early gene transcription, but also to augmented initial amplification of the viral genome. As revealed in a novel ori-dependent HPV-16 plasmid amplification assay, the altered motifs that led to increased viral transcription from the intact genome also greatly augmented HPV-16 ori function. The nucleotide sequence changes correlate with those previously described in the distinct geographical North American type 1 and Asian-American variants that are associated with more aggressive disease in epidemiologic studies and encompass, but are not limited to, alterations in previously characterized sites for the negative regulatory protein YY1. Our results thus provide evidence that nucleotide alterations in HPV regulatory sequences could serve as potential prognostic markers of HPV-associated carcinogenesis.
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19
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López-Saavedra A, González-Maya L, Ponce-de-León S, García-Carrancá A, Mohar A, Lizano M. Functional implication of sequence variation in the long control region and E2 gene among human papillomavirus type 18 variants. Arch Virol 2009; 154:747-54. [PMID: 19337781 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer incidence remains highly frequent in developing countries. It is possible that populations of these countries are exposed to more oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) variants. Functional differences among high-risk HPV variants have been described, suggesting repercussions on their oncogenic potential. In this report, we demonstrate that the long control region (LCR) of HPV18 variants has distinct transcriptional activities in different cervical cancer cell lines. African (Af)-LCR possessed the lowest transcriptional activity; its sequence harbors the highest number of nucleotide changes among the HPV18 variants analyzed. Some of these embedded in identified transcription-factor-binding sites, suggesting a less aggressive biological activity possibly involved in a slower progression of cervical lesions. Asian-Amerindian LCR showed distinct activities among cell types, while European LCR activity was similar in cell lines tested. Despite multiple nucleotide substitutions found in HPV18 E2 variant genes, their repressive activities over homologous LCRs were not distinct among variants.
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20
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Wu EQ, Zha X, Yu XH, Zhang GN, Wu YG, Fan Y, Ren Y, Kong LQ, Kong W. Profile of physical status and gene variation of human papillomavirus 58 genome in cervical cancer. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1229-1237. [PMID: 19264634 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.008227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that human papillomavirus 58 (HPV 58) is found at a relatively high frequency in east Asia and some regions of Central and South America. To investigate the physical status of HPV 58 and analyse sequence variations of HPV 58 in cervical cancer patients, the HPV 58 genome in 37 HPV 58-positive cervical cancer specimens collected from China were investigated by a mapping analysis based on nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing. A pure integrated genome was found in 78.4 % (29/37) of specimens, which is much higher than that found in previous studies. Multiple disruptions were first found among the integrated HPV 58 genomes in 51.7 % (15/29) of specimens. Among the 7824 bp of the HPV 58 genome, 119 (1.52 %) nucleotide positions were found to be variable, and 45 of them lead to amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial L1 sequences of 14 variants isolated in previous studies and this study, show that two main groups were observed in HPV 58 variants, the prototype or prototype-like group and the non-prototype-like group.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qi Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiao Zha
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hui Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Guo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yong-Ge Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ling-Qian Kong
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Wei Kong
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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21
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Contreras-Paredes A, De la Cruz-Hernández E, Martínez-Ramírez I, Dueñas-González A, Lizano M. E6 variants of human papillomavirus 18 differentially modulate the protein kinase B/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (akt/PI3K) signaling pathway. Virology 2009; 383:78-85. [PMID: 19007961 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intra-type genome variations of high risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) have been associated with a differential threat for cervical cancer development. In this work, the effect of HPV18 E6 isolates in Akt/PKB and Mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways and its implication in cell proliferation were analyzed. E6 from HPV types 16 and 18 are able to bind and promote degradation of Human disc large (hDlg). Our results show that E6 variants differentially modulate hDlg degradation, rebounding in levels of activated PTEN and PKB. HPV18 E6 variants are also able to upregulate phospho-PI3K protein, strongly correlating with activated MAPKs and cell proliferation. Data was supported by the effect of E6 silencing in HPV18-containing HeLa cells, as well as hDlg silencing in the tested cells. Results suggest that HPV18 intra-type variations may derive in differential abilities to activate cell-signaling pathways such as Akt/PKB and MAPKs, directly involved in cell survival and proliferation.
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22
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Abstract
Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus is a necessary risk factor in the etiology of invasive cervical carcinoma. With regard to molecular details, the best studied types are HPV16 and HPV18 which are found in 70% of cervical cancer worldwide, however factors associated with the progression of individual cervical intraepithelial neoplasias into cancer are still poorly understood. Intratype amino acid variations in the immortalizing and transforming early proteins E6 and E7 were described to be associated with progressive disease and linked to increased viral persistence or progression. One of the key actions of high risk HPVE6 proteins is the inhibition of the function of p53, a tumor suppressor protein, by enhancing its degradation through the ubiquitin pathway. In this study, variants of five HPV type E6 proteins (HPV35, 53, 56, 66, and 70) isolated from patient materials are described and functional analysis of them were done with respect to p53 degradation. Interestingly the E6 protein of HPV type 53, which has no consistent risk classification in the literature showed the highest variability in our study. The analysis of all variants revealed no differences with regard to the degradation ability for p53 compared to the prototype E6 proteins, suggesting that the variants tested revealed no altered functions related to the carcinogenicity of the respective HPV types. It therefore seems more likely that variations in the E6 gene sequence may allow evasion from the hosts immune system, supporting increased viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hiller
- Sektion Experimentelle Virologie, Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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23
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Tornesello ML, Duraturo ML, Losito S, Botti G, Pilotti S, Stefanon B, De Palo G, Gallo A, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM. Human papillomavirus genotypes and HPV16 variants in penile carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:132-7. [PMID: 17764110 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The causative role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) and HPV16 variants has been extensively studied in uterine cervix dysplastic lesions and invasive carcinoma; few such studies, however, have been performed in penile tumors. We have investigated HPV genotype and HPV16 variant distribution on 41 penile cancer biopsies from Italian patients. Cases were extracted from the respective pathology departments databases of National Cancer Institutes in Naples and Milan. HPV sequences were detected by PCR and characterized by direct sequence analysis. Among the 19 HPV-positive cases (46.3%) 2 viral genotypes were identified (HPV16 and 18) with HPV16 accounting for 94.7% (18 out of 19) of the infections. Sequence analysis of E6, E7 genes and long control region (LCR) of 18 HPV16 isolates allowed the identification of European (E-G-350) and non-European (AA and Af-1) variants in 44.4% and in 55.6% of the samples, respectively. The AA variant alone represented 44.4% of all HPV16 infections, a significantly higher frequency of that observed in cervical carcinoma from Italian women (Tornesello et al., J Med Virol 2004;74:117-26). Our results suggest that HPV16 has a very high prevalence among penile cancer patients in Italy and the increased frequency of HPV16 non-European classes, particularly the AA, suggests that they are more oncogenic than European variants in penile tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Tornesello
- Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference Centre, National Cancer Institute, Fond. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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24
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Pista A, Oliveira A, Barateiro A, Costa H, Verdasca N, Paixão MT. Molecular variants of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical neoplasia in Portugal. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1889-97. [PMID: 17935194 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as the central cause of invasive cervical cancer. Specific HPV 16 and 18 sequence variations were associated with an increased risk for progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze intratypic variations of HPV 16 and 18 within the E6 gene, MY09/11 and LCR regions, and to evaluate the risk of these variants for cervical neoplasia among Portuguese women. Cervical samples from 187 HPV 16-positive and 41 HPV 18-positive women with normal epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or invasive cervical cancer were amplified by type-specific PCR, followed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Sixteen new HPV 16 and 18 patterns are described in this paper. European HPV 16 variants were the most frequent (74.3%), particularly Ep-T350 (44.4%), followed by African (16.1%), and Asian-American (9.6%). Non-European HPV 16 variants were more frequent in pre-invasive lesions than in normal tissue and low-grade lesions. However, when analyzed separately, only African variants were associated significantly with an increased risk for cervical cancer. For HPV 18, the AsAi variant showed a trend, which was not statistically significant to an enhanced oncogenicity. European variants seemed to be significantly associated with a lower risk for cervical cancer development. The distribution of HPV 16 and 18 variants was not related to age or race among women living in the same geographical region. Knowledge of variants will be important for risk determination as well as for designing primers or probes for HPV detection methods, and for appropriate cervical cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pista
- Papillomavirus Unit, Centre of Virology, National Institute of Health, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Xi LF, Koutsky LA, Hildesheim A, Galloway DA, Wheeler CM, Winer RL, Ho J, Kiviat NB. Risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:4-10. [PMID: 17220325 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the variant lineages of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are well established, their individual associations with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have not been extensively evaluated. METHODS Study subjects were women participating in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study who were positive for HPV16 or HPV18 at enrollment. These women were followed every 6 months for 2 years. Viral isolates from enrollment samples were characterized by DNA sequencing and classified as variant lineages. RESULTS Over a 2-year study period, CIN3 was histologically diagnosed in 291 of the 779 HPV16-positive women and 47 of the 275 HPV18-positive women. Among women without CIN2-3 at enrollment, the risk of subsequent CIN3 was 2.7-fold greater for those with HPV16 African-2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-7.0] and 3.1-fold greater for those with HPV16 Asian American (95% CI, 1.6-6.0), compared with European variants. Relative to infection with HPV18 African variants, the risk associating subsequent CIN3 was 3.8 (95% CI, 0.9-17.2) for infection with HPV18 European variants and 4.8 (95% CI, 1.0-23.6) for infection with HPV18 Asian American variants. Similar associations were observed when the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was used as the end point. Further, for those with HPV16 European variants, the 2-year prevalence of CIN3 was higher in White women than in African American women (P = 0.01); this trend was reversed for those with HPV16 African-1 variants (P = 0.22). A similar pattern was present for infections with HPV18 European versus African variants. CONCLUSIONS The lineages of HPV16 and HPV18 variants are associated with differing risks for high-grade CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA.
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Sichero L, Ferreira S, Trottier H, Duarte-Franco E, Ferenczy A, Franco EL, Villa LL. High grade cervical lesions are caused preferentially by non-European variants of HPVs 16 and 18. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1763-8. [PMID: 17230525 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The intratypic variability of HPVs 16 and 18 has been extensively studied and has been used as an important tool in epidemiological studies of viral transmission, persistence and progression to clinically relevant cervical lesions. Infections by non-European variants of HPVs 16 and 18 are associated with an increased risk for the development of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Our aim was to correlate the intratypic molecular variability of both HPV types and risk of persistent infection and lesion outcome in a cohort study conducted in Brazil. We characterized molecular variants of HPV types 16 and 18 by sequencing a fragment of the LCR, and of the E6 and L1 genes, for HPV-16 variants only. For both types, European variants composed the most prevalent and diverse group. Persistent infections with HPV-18 were associated with continuous detection of European variants. However, risk for simultaneous detection of HSIL and HPV DNA was higher in women harboring non-European variants of HPV-16. The same trend was observed with HSIL detected during follow-up. Our study confirms the association between non-European variants and risk of cervical neoplasia, and highlights the importance of their geographic distribution for cervical cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Department of Virology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Villa LL, Derchain SF, Ferreira S, Sarian LOZ, Angelo-Andrade LAL, do Amaral Westin MC, Zeferino LC. Variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: histological findings in women referred for atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma in situ in cervical smear. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2006; 25:393-7. [PMID: 16990718 DOI: 10.1097/01.pgp.0000215302.17029.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cannot fully explain the histological diagnosis of women with glandular abnormalities detected by cervical smear. Thus, this study was designed to analyze the distribution of HPV-16 and HPV-18 variants in women referred because of atypical glandular cells and adenocarcinoma in situ in their cervical smears and its association with histological results. Twenty-four women with HPV-16 and 6 with HPV-18, selected from 160 women with cervical smears suggestive of glandular abnormalities, were included. Histological results showed cervicitis (1 case), squamous neoplasia (18 cases), glandular neoplasia (7 cases), and glandular neoplasia associated with a squamous component (4 cases). Among the 24 cases presenting HPV-16, the European variant was detected in 15 (62%) and the Asian American in 9 (38%). Among the 15 cases associated with the European variant, 14 (93%) presented squamous neoplasia and 1 (7%) invasive adenocarcinoma. Asian-American HPV-16 variants were significantly associated with histological diagnosis of glandular neoplasia alone (odds ratio, 9.3 [1.4-60.2]) or associated with squamous neoplasia (odds ratio, 18.7 [1.5-232.3]). Adenocarcinomas were detected in 4 of 6 HPV-18-positive cases, being 2 cases had the European variant, 1 had the Asian Amerindian variant, and 1 had the African variant. The association of HPV-16 with squamous or glandular neoplasia is explained by its variants. In this study, squamous neoplasia was related to the European variant of HPV-16, whereas glandular neoplasia was related to the Asian-American variant. Glandular neoplasia is associated with HPV-18, but the results of our analysis of its variants were inconclusive.
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are described as "types" based on their genome sequences and identified by a number. For example, HPV-6 is associated with genital warts, and HPV-16 with anogenital cancers. The genomes of many HPV types have been reisolated, sequenced and compared to reference "prototypes" countless times by laboratories throughout the world. It was found that each HPV type occurs in the form of "variants", identified by about 2% nucleotide differences in most genes and 5% in less conserved regions. Less than 100 variants of any HPV type have been detected, a scenario that is very different from the quasi-species formed by many RNA viruses. The variants of each HPV type form phylogenetic trees, and variants from specific branches are often unique to specific ethnic groups. Immigrant populations contain, depending on their respective ethnic origins, mixtures of variants. The absence of HPV genomes intermediate to specific types show that all HPV types existed already when humans became a species. Consequently, humans had always suffered from lesions like anogenital cancer, genital warts and common warts. A growing number of epidemiological, etiological and molecular data suggest that variants of the same HPV type are biologically distinct and may confer differential pathogenic risks. Since the distribution of some variants of HPV-16 and 18 correlates with the distribution of human populations that have an increased risk to develop anogenital cancer, the study of HPV type variation may point to one of the reasons for the higher incidence rates of these lesions in specific cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Bernard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Lizano M, De la Cruz-Hernández E, Carrillo-García A, García-Carrancá A, Ponce de Leon-Rosales S, Dueñas-González A, Hernández-Hernández DM, Mohar A. Distribution of HPV16 and 18 intratypic variants in normal cytology, intraepithelial lesions, and cervical cancer in a Mexican population. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 102:230-5. [PMID: 16427686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several intratype variants of HPV16 and 18 have been identified. These variants are associated with populations from different geographic regions, and show a differential distribution among the severity of the cervical lesion, most likely due to different pathogenic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the variant distribution of HPV16 and 18 in a Mexican population and its association with the severity of the cervical lesion and the histological lineage of cervical cancer. METHODS HPV types 16 and 18 detection was performed in 412 samples of preinvasive and invasive specimens from patients attending a Primary Health-Care Center, an Early Cervical Lesion Clinic, or a Cancer Center. Distribution of HPV variants was correlated with the cytological findings and tumor cell types using contingency tables. Statistical difference was tested with the Fisher's Exact Test or its Fisher-Freeman-Halton extension for RXC tables. Alpha value was set at the P < 0.05. RESULTS Among the 277 women included in this study without cancer, 63.5% (176 cases) had a normal cytology; from the remaining 101 women, 53.5% were LSIL (54 cases), and 46.5% HSIL (47 cases). From a total of 135 invasive carcinomas, 78.5% were squamous (106 cases); 6.6% adenocarcinoma (9 cases); 9.6% adenosquamous (ADSC) (13 cases); and 5.1% were undifferentiated carcinoma (7 cases). HPV16 E and AA-a were evenly distributed among preinvasive and invasive lesions. However, the isolate AA-c was exclusively found in cervical cancer. HPV18 Var-1(E) was almost exclusively found in invasive lesions, while the HPV18 Var-2(Af) predominated in normal or preinvasive lesions. In invasive cancer, this variant was found only in squamous tumors. CONCLUSIONS The differential distribution of HPV16 and 18 variants in cervical lesions we found further supports experimental data on the different pathogenic potential of HPV16 and 18 variants for cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lizano
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, SSA Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Schlecht NF, Burk RD, Palefsky JM, Minkoff H, Xue X, Massad LS, Bacon M, Levine AM, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Watts DH, Costa MMD, Chen Z, Bang JY, Fazzari M, Hall C, Strickler HD. Variants of human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 and their natural history in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:2709-2720. [PMID: 16186224 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 variants might be expected to be particularly aggressive in HIV-positive women. The association of HPV16 and 18 variant lineages with race, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-RNA level, time-to-clearance of HPV infection and presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study was studied. Subjects were followed semi-annually with Pap smear and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). HPV DNA was detected in CVLs using MY09/11 L1 PCR assay. Specimens positive for HPV16/18 underwent E6 PCR and sequencing to determine the variant present. Specimens from 195 HPV16- and 162 HPV18-positive women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing results. African variants of HPV16 and HPV18 were significantly more prevalent among African-Americans than among Caucasians [42 versus 14 % (P=0·001) and 60 versus 13 % (P<0·001), respectively]. However, it was not possible to detect associations between the HPV16 or 18 variant lineages and other factors studied. African variants of HPV16/18 were more common in women of African descent living outside Africa, which could reflect mixing behaviours and/or immunogenetic factors. However, in a large population of HIV-infected women, the variant of HPV16 or 18 was unrelated to persistence of infection or presence of SIL. If non-European variants are more oncogenic, the effect may involve a late stage in cervical tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F Schlecht
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Xue
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - L Stewart Massad
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Anastos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephen J Gange
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Heather Watts
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zigui Chen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ji Yon Bang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Melissa Fazzari
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles Hall
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Howard D Strickler
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Córdova-Alarcón E, Centeno F, Reyes-Esparza J, García-Carrancá A, Garrido E. Effects of HRAS oncogene on cell cycle progression in a cervical cancer-derived cell line. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:311-6. [PMID: 15950068 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most prevalent factor in anogenital cancers. However, epidemiological surveys and molecular data indicate that viral presence is not enough to induce cervical cancer, suggesting that cellular factors could play a key role. One of the most important genes involved in cancer development is the RAS oncogene, and activating mutations in this gene have been associated with HPV infection and cervical neoplasia. Thus, we determined the effect of HRAS oncogene expression on cell proliferation in a cell line immortalized by E6 and E7 oncogenes. METHODS HPV positive human cervical carcinoma-derived cell lines (HeLa), previously transfected with the HRAS oncogene or the empty vector, were used. We first determined the proliferation rate and cell cycle profile of these cells by using flow cytometry and BrdU incorporation assays. In order to determine the signaling pathway regulated by HRAS and implicated in the alteration of proliferation of these cells, we used specific chemical inhibitors to inactivate the Raf and PI3K pathways. RESULTS We observed that HeLa cells stably transfected with oncogenic HRAS progressed faster than control cells on the cell cycle by reducing their G1 phase. Additionally, HRAS overexpression accelerated the G1/S transition. Specific chemical inhibitors for PI3K and MEK activities indicated that both PI3K/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are involved in the HRAS oncogene-induced reduction of the G1 phase. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HRAS oncogene could play an important role in the development of cervical cancer, in addition to the presence of HPV, by reducing the G1 phase and accelerating the G1/S transition of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Córdova-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México
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De la Cruz-Hernández E, García-Carrancá A, Mohar-Betancourt A, Dueñas-González A, Contreras-Paredes A, Pérez-Cardenas E, Herrera-Goepfert R, Lizano-Soberón M. Differential splicing of E6 within human papillomavirus type 18 variants and functional consequences. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:2459-2468. [PMID: 16099904 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections of the uterine cervix with ‘high-risk’ human papillomavirus (HPV) are now recognized as necessary for the development of cervical cancer. Among them, HPV types 16 and 18 exhibit numerous variants associated with different risks for cervical cancer development. In this study, the questions of whether different HPV type 18 variants exhibit changes in early gene transcription and the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences were investigated. It was shown that, indeed, type 18 variants exhibited singular differences in E6 transcripts in vivo. Higher levels of the E6*I transcript were detected regularly in clones harbouring the African variant, as opposed to low levels of this transcript detected in clones containing the reference clone (Asian–Amerindian), where significantly higher levels of full-length E6 transcript were usually observed. As a direct consequence, higher levels of p53 protein were found in the presence of African E6, as opposed to the low levels of p53 observed with the Asian–Amerindian E6. These variations in consequence affected the levels of cellular proteins regulated by p53, such as Bax. Similar changes in the relative levels of E6 transcripts were observed when tumours containing type 18 E6 variants were analysed. The different ability of cells containing variant E6 genes to form tumours in nude mice was suggested by the fact that tumour volumes were considerably higher when cells expressed the Asian–Amerindian E6. Mutagenesis analysis of the reference clone showed that a C491A change reverts the phenotype. These results suggest that different splicing patterns of E6 within HPV type 18 variants may possibly have biological implications in viral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick De la Cruz-Hernández
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar-Betancourt
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pérez-Cardenas
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Lizano-Soberón
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, National Cancer Institute/Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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Arias-Pulido H, Peyton CL, Torrez-Martínez N, Anderson DN, Wheeler CM. Human papillomavirus type 18 variant lineages in United States populations characterized by sequence analysis of LCR-E6, E2, and L1 regions. Virology 2005; 338:22-34. [PMID: 15936050 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While HPV 16 variant lineages have been well characterized, the knowledge about HPV 18 variants is limited. In this study, HPV 18 nucleotide variations in the E2 hinge region were characterized by sequence analysis in 47 control and 51 tumor specimens. Fifty of these specimens were randomly selected for sequencing of an LCR-E6 segment and 20 samples representative of LCR-E6 and E2 sequence variants were examined across the L1 region. A total of 2770 nucleotides per HPV 18 variant genome were considered in this study. HPV 18 variant nucleotides were linked among all gene segments analyzed and grouped into three main branches: Asian-American (AA), European (E), and African (Af). These three branches were equally distributed among controls and cases and when stratified by Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnicities. Among invasive cervical cancer cases, no significant differences in the three HPV variant branches were observed among ethnic groups or when stratified by histopathology (squamous vs. adenocarcinoma). The Af branch showed the greatest nucleotide variability when compared to the HPV 18 reference sequence and was more closely related to HPV 45 than either AA or E branches. Our data also characterize nucleotide and amino acid variations in the L1 capsid gene among HPV 18 variants, which may be relevant to vaccine strategies and subsequent studies of naturally occurring HPV 18 variants. Several novel HPV 18 nucleotide variations were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87111, USA.
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An HJ, Kim KR, Kim IS, Kim DW, Park MH, Park IA, Suh KS, Seo EJ, Sung SH, Sohn JH, Yoon HK, Chang ED, Cho HI, Han JY, Hong SR, Ahn GH. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA in various histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma: a population-based study. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:528-34. [PMID: 15502807 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in the development of cervical carcinoma is well established, however, the prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical adenocarcinoma varies from study to study. It appears to be caused by a number of factors, one of which is that cervical adenocarcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of multiple subtypes. To clarify the impact of HPV infection on the development of cervical adenocarcinoma with diverse histological subtypes, we performed a population-based study in Korean women from 15 different institutes for the status of HPV infection in adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. A total of 432 cervical adenocarcinomas from 1997 to 2001 were reviewed and classified according to the modified WHO classification. For 135 cases, HPV typing was performed with HPV DNA chip (82 cases) and PCR HPV typing (53 cases), using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue. The overall prevalence of HPV infection in cervical adenocarcinoma was 90%. The infection of HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 accounted for 78% of HPV-positive adenocarcinomas. Multiple HPV types were found in 13% of the cases. The HPV DNA was rarely detected in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, HPV 16 was a predominant type in endometrioid and villoglandular types, whereas HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected with equal prevalence in other subtypes. In conclusion, HPV infection, mostly HPV 16 and HPV 18, is highly associated with most of the cervical adenocarcinomas, whereas endometrioid and villoglandular type have a different pattern of HPV infection status. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma does not seem to be related with HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee J An
- Department of Pathology, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, South Korea
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De Boer MA, Peters LAW, Aziz MF, Siregar B, Cornain S, Vrede MA, Jordanova ES, Fleuren GJ. Human papillomavirus type 18 variants: histopathology and E6/E7 polymorphisms in three countries. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:422-5. [PMID: 15551313 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In cervical cancer, human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV 18) and HPV 16 are predominantly related to adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), respectively. Here, we studied whether the geographically distributed HPV intratypic variants are also associated with histologically different tumors. A total of 44 HPV 18-positive and 91 HPV 16-positive cervical carcinomas from Indonesian, Surinamese and Dutch patients were histologically classified using hematoxilin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff plus and Alcian Blue staining. Samples were sequenced and intratypic variants were classified into the known phylogenetic branches. The Asian Amerindian HPV 18 variant was observed in 56% of ADCs compared to 15% of SCCs (p < 0.006). The African HPV 18 variant was exclusively found in SCCs. By sequencing the HPV 18 E6 and E7 open reading frames, we found predicted amino acid changes only in 8 samples. Two amino acid changes were consistent throughout the African branch. In HPV 16-positive tumors, we did not find a specific linkage between intratypic variants and histopathology. We conclude that HPV 18 intratypic variants are differentially associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The findings described here stress the biologic significance of intratypic HPV variants and might help explaining differences in the pathogenesis of cervical ADCs and SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjon A De Boer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as an etiologic agent for the development of primary small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. It has been shown that the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are able to inactivate the tumor suppressor functions of p53 and Rb. In squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, HPV infection is also associated with overexpression of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. In this study, 22 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were subjected to broad-spectrum HPV DNA amplification and typing, and immunohistochemically examined for the expression of p16, Rb, and p53 proteins. The results show that HPV DNA was detected in every case (100%), with 18 cases (82%) harboring type 18. The tumor cells exhibited strong nuclear staining for p16 in 20 cases (91%). This was associated with a complete loss of Rb nuclear staining in tumor cells in 16 cases (73%). The p53 protein was essentially undetectable in all cases. In contrast, HPV DNA was not detected in 9 colorectal and 8 urinary bladder small cell carcinomas included in this study for comparison. While similar p16 and Rb expression patterns were observed in these HPV-negative tumors, a different expression pattern for p53 was noted where strong nuclear staining was seen in 8 cases (47%; P = 0.0004 compared with cervical tumors). These observations indicate that different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and support the notion that nuclear p16 overexpression serves as an indication of Rb defunctioning in tumor cells, which may or may not result from high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin L Wang
- Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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Abstract
Primary small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix are uncommon but highly aggressive malignancies. The recent observations that c-kit proto-oncogene, a tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in small cell lung cancers and that advanced c-kit-expressing gastrointestinal stromal tumors were successfully treated with a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571 (Gleevec, imatinib mesylate) prompted us to investigate c-kit protein expression in cervical small cell carcinomas. Using a polyclonal antibody against c-kit protein (CD117), our immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a cytoplasmic staining in six of 22 cases (27%) of cervical small cell carcinoma. However, in five of these c-kit-positive cases, the immunoreactivity was focal and/or weak. Only one case (5%) exhibited a strong and diffuse staining pattern comparable to that seen in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This was in contrast to small cell lung cancers where a positive staining for c-kit was observed in nine of 14 cases (64%) included in the study for comparison. Among them, five (36%) exhibited a strong and diffuse staining pattern. These results indicate that overexpression of c-kit protein is an infrequent event in small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix. In comparison with small cell lung cancers, the findings presented in this report may reflect the difference in etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying these two types of small cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin L Wang
- Lauren V Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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Abstract
Understanding the interdependent roles that host and viral factors play in cervical cancer pathogenesis is important for distinguishing women at the highest risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and progression to cervical cancer. Ongoing research on viral factors such as viral variants is providing important clues regarding HPV oncogenesis; the comprehensive characterization of the HPV genome and the function of viral genes by HPV type and variant will further this understanding. Although the biologic importance of viral integration and viral load measurements in cervical neoplasia is still being debated, available data are difficult to interpret because of methodologic limitations; to sufficiently address the importance of these events will require further methods validation and subsequent application in epidemiologic studies. Continued and expanded investigation of host immune responses-humoral, cellular, and innate immunity-should specifically address the outcomes of HPV persistence and progression to cervical cancer. Molecularly based assays paired with functional assays will be integral toward the identification and validation of key immune pathways and genes specifically relevant to cervical cancer pathogenesis. Novel technologies such as gene expression microarrays will further allow comprehensive identification of relevant genes that are important at various stages of cervical pathogenesis. The study of viral and host factors will undoubtedly lead to markers that may hold diagnostic and/or prognostic value; the clinical validity and utility of these molecular events will, therefore, need to be carefully assessed before implementation in a population setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS MSC 7234, Bethesda, MD 20892-7234, USA.
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Alonio LV, Picconi MA, Dalbert D, Mural J, Bartt O, Bazán G, Dominguez M, Teyssié AR. Ha-ras oncogene mutation associated to progression of papillomavirus induced lesions of uterine cervix. J Clin Virol 2003; 27:263-9. [PMID: 12878090 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and virological surveys suggest that the HPV presence is not enough condition to generate anogenital cancer, others factors (genetic, environmental, hormonal, etc) may have an important role. Mutations of ras genes were observed in several human neoplasias, including cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of Ha-ras oncogene mutations in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive squamous cell carcinomas and to examine this genetic factor in relation to HPV infection and the clinical evolution of cervical lesions. STUDY DESIGN They were selected for (a) evaluation of the frequency of Ha-ras mutations: 39 cases of invasive carcinomas (InCa), 47 CIN III and 12 normal tissues taken from areas adjacent to the tumor (NT). (b) Retrospective follow-up: 18 cases of lesion progression; 9 cases of persistence and 12 of regression to mature or immature metaplasia after specific treatment. All biopsies obtained from each patient during the follow-up done between 5 and 10 years were included. HPV typing and scanning of possible mutations in Ha-ras were made by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis/polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HPV-DNA was detected in 95% of InCa and 84% of CIN III; HPV 16/18 was found in 65% of patients, mainly associated with persistent infection and lesion progression. The undetermined HPV types (18%) could indicate the circulation in our country of types other than those screened (6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33). Twenty percent of CIN III and 41% of InCa had patterns compatible with Ha-ras mutations. Mutated Ha-ras was detected in 61 and 44% of progression and persistence cases, respectively, including early stages of progression. CONCLUSIONS Ha-ras mutations were detected in CIN II-III lesions; in mutated cases, the progression took place in under 2 years, then this detection may be an early predictive marker of rapid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Virginia Alonio
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS 'Carlos G. Malbrán', Departamento Virologia, (1281) Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Masumoto N, Fujii T, Ishikawa M, Mukai M, Saito M, Iwata T, Fukuchi T, Kubushiro K, Tsukazaki K, Nozawa S. Papanicolaou tests and molecular analyses using new fluid-based specimen collection technology in 3000 Japanese women. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1883-8. [PMID: 12799631 PMCID: PMC2741123 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluid-based Papanicolaou test has been established to improve sample collection and preparation. This study was the first large-scale investigation in Japan to examine the feasibility of using fluid-based Papanicolaou specimens to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) using Hybrid Capture II and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three thousand patients who visited Keio University Hospital between October 2000 and February 2001 were enrolled in the study. The results of the fluid-based Papanicolaou tests corresponded well with those of conventional Papanicolaou smears (96.8% concordance). The sensitivities of cervical neoplasia detection using the fluid-based Papanicolaou test (73.9%) and Hybrid Capture II (76.3%, P=0.55) were not significantly different. Among the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and squamous cell carcinoma specimens, HPV 16 and HPV 52 were predominantly detected using the PCR method. Although some DNA samples extracted from the fluid-based specimens were degradaded, PCR and direct sequencing could be performed without difficulty even after 1 year of specimen storage. We conclude that fluid-based Papanicolaou specimens can be applied to investigate HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Masumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. E-mail:
| | - M Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - M Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Fukuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - K Kubushiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - K Tsukazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - S Nozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) is known to play a central role in the development of cervical cancer. Both host and viral genetic factors have been postulated to be important determinants of risk of HPV progression to neoplasia among infected individuals. In this report, we review epidemiological studies that have evaluated the role in cervical cancer pathogenesis of genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and in the HPV genome itself. A protective effect of HLA Class II DRB1*13/DBQ1*0603 alleles is the most consistent HLA finding in the published literature. A consistent association between HPV16 non-European variants and risk of disease is also evident from published work. These findings are discussed. Gaps in our understanding and future research needs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, Room 7062, EPS/MSC# 7234, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Correa I, Cerbón MA, Salazar AM, Solano JD, García-Carrancá A, Quintero A. Differential p53 protein expression level in human cancer-derived cell lines after estradiol treatment. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:455-9. [PMID: 12459315 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND p53 has a remarkable number of biological activities, including a central role in cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, senescence, and maintenance of genomic integrity. Its expression is modified by estradiol in some epithelial cancer-derived cell lines from the reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low and high doses of estradiol in p53 gene expression in epithelial cancer-derived cell lines from the reproductive tract. METHODS p53 gene expression was assessed by Northern and Western blot methods in three human epithelial cancer-derived cell lines after estradiol treatment. RESULTS These indicated that no changes in p53 mRNA content occurred after estradiol treatment at both low (10 nM) and high (1 micro M) doses of estradiol in HeLa, CaLo, and C-33 cell lines. p53 protein content was nearly constant in HeLa and C-33 cell lines at administration of 10 nM of estradiol. However, when estradiol was administered at a higher dose (1 micro M), an increase in p53 protein was observed over time in HeLa and CaLo cell lines. In contrast, estradiol was without variations in C-33. CONCLUSIONS Overall results indicate that estradiol induces variations of p53 protein levels in epithelial cancer-derived cell lines from the reproductive tract in vitro and that this effect may be related with status p53 and/or presence of E6/E7 from human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Correa
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Berumen J, Ordoñez RM, Lazcano E, Salmeron J, Galvan SC, Estrada RA, Yunes E, Garcia-Carranca A, Gonzalez-Lira G, Madrigal-de la Campa A. Asian-American variants of human papillomavirus 16 and risk for cervical cancer: a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1325-30. [PMID: 11535707 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.17.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) has a number of variants, each with a different geographic distribution and some that are associated more often with invasive neoplasias. We investigated whether the high incidence of cervical cancer in Mexico (50 cases per 100 000 women) may be associated with a high prevalence of oncogenic HPV16 variants. METHODS Cervical samples were collected from 181 case patients with cervical cancer and from 181 age-matched control subjects, all from Mexico City. HPV16 was detected with an E6/E7 gene-specific polymerase chain reaction, and variant HPV classes and subclasses were identified by sequencing regions of the E6 and L1/MY genes. Clinical data and data on tumor characteristics were also collected. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS HPV16 was detected in cervical scrapes from 50.8% (92 of 181) of case patients and from 11% (20 of 181) of control subjects. All HPV16-positive samples, except one, contained European (E) or Asian-American (AA) variants. AA and E variants were found statistically significantly more often in case patients (AA = 23.2% [42 of 181]; E = 27.1% [49 of 181]) than in control subjects (AA = 1.1% [two of 181]; E = 10% [18 of 181]) (P<.001 for case versus control subjects for either E or AA variants, chi2 test). However, the frequency of AA variants was 21 times higher in cancer patients than in control subjects, whereas that ratio for E variants was only 2.7 (P =.006, chi2 test). The odds ratio (OR) for cervical cancer associated with AA variants (OR = 27.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.4 to 113.7) was higher than that associated with E variants (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.9 to 6.0). AA-positive case patients (46.2 +/- 12.5 years [mean +/- standard deviation]) were 7.7 years younger than E-positive case patients (53.9 +/- 12.2 years) (P =.004, Student's t test). AA variants were associated with squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, but E variants were associated with only squamous cell carcinomas (P =.014, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of HPV16 AA variants, which appear to be more oncogenic than E variants, might contribute to the high incidence of cervical cancer in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berumen
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Investigación, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad y Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, México D.F.
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Picconi MA, Eiján AM, Distéfano AL, Pueyo S, Alonio LV, Gorostidi S, Teyssié AR, Casabé A. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinomas in Argentina: analysis of primary tumors and lymph nodes. J Med Virol 2000; 61:65-9. [PMID: 10745234 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200005)61:1<65::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among sexually transmitted diseases, infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) has become one of the most important. On the other hand, though epidemiological data show that some HPV types are closely associated with cervical cancer, few reports have been found with reference to penile carcinoma because of its rare occurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HPV infection and penile cancer in Argentina. A retrospective study was carried out on 38 white men with penile squamous-cell carcinoma. Sixty-five archival fixed biopsies taken from 34 primary penile tumors, 25 nodal metastases, 1 skin "satellite" metastasis and 5 histologically normal lymph nodes were used as specimens. HPV detection and typing were carried out by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using generic primers, combined with single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. HPV DNA was found in 71% patients, corresponding 81% of them to "high risk" types, with predominance of HPV 18. Both primary tumors and metastases showed concordance of HPV occurrence and type in both lesions. In 3 patients, HPV 16 was detected not only in primary tumors and metastases, but also in histologically normal lymph nodes. Our data indicate that most penile carcinomas in Argentine patients are etiologically related to HPV, especially to "high risk" genital types. The agreement in HPV detection between primary tumors and metastases suggests a potential viral role in tumor progression. HPV detection in otherwise histologically normal lymph nodes might be useful as early marker of a metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Picconi
- Departamento Virología, INEI- ANLIS, Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dueñas-González A, Lara-Medina FU, Solorza-Luna G, Mota-García A, De La Garza-Salazar J, Sobrevilla-Calvo PJ. Adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy supported by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk cervical carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1999; 9:333-336. [PMID: 11240789 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.1999.99047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is a common disease for which the prognosis has not been substantially improved with standard locoregional treatments. Three stage IB patients with untreated cervical carcinoma were treated with high-dose chemotherapy and refrigerated peripheral blood stem cell support using the ICE program (Ifosfamide 10 g/m2 plus mesna at 100% of the ifosfamide dose; Carboplatin at 1.5 g/m2 and Etoposide 2.1 g/m2). Patients received the treatment in an adjuvant setting after radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph-node dissection and postoperative cisplatin-based standard-dose chemotherapy. All patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy. The treatment was well-tolerated, all patients had rapid hematologic recovery, and the most frequent complications were grade 3 mucositis and neutropenic fever. The three patients are disease-free at 58, 60, and 63 months of follow-up. Our results show that adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy could be effective to reduce the likelihood of relapse in high-risk patients. High-dose chemotherapy deserves a formal evaluation in high-risk cervical cancer.
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Women's health LiteratureWatch & commentary. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 1997; 6:683-99. [PMID: 9437646 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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