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Wang L, Yan X, Tang Z. Joint Impacts of Meloidogyne incognita and Soil Nutrition on Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. Plant Dis 2024:PDIS10232058RE. [PMID: 38709560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2058-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Strategies for plant nutrient resource allocation under Meloidogyne spp. infection and different soil nutrient conditions are not well established. In response, the objectives of this research are to determine if increased vegetative growth of Solanum lycopersicon var. cerasiforme (cherry tomato) under high nutrition enhances resistance to M. incognita and whether adaptive strategies for growth, reproduction, and nutrient uptake by cherry tomato infected with M. incognita alter nutrient availability. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions using high, medium, and low soil nutrient regimes. The research results indicate that the total biomass of cherry tomato was less in the presence of M. incognita infection under all three nutrient conditions, compared with plants grown in the absence of this nematode. However, the increase in the root/shoot ratio indicates that cherry tomato allocated more resources to belowground organs. Under the combined impacts of M. incognita infection and low or medium soil nutrition, the nitrogen content in root system tissues and the phosphorus content in shoot system tissues were increased to meet the nutrient requirements of galled root tissue and plant fruit production. It is suggested that plants increase the allocation of reproductive resources to fruits by improving phosphorus transportation to the aboveground reproductive tissues under low and medium nutrient conditions. Overall, the study highlights a significant impact of soil nutrient levels on the growth and resource allocation associated with M. incognita-infected cherry tomato. In response, soil nutrient management is another practice for reducing the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingfu Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, 750030, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhanhui Tang
- School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, China
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Ali J, Mukarram M, Ojo J, Dawam N, Riyazuddin R, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Chen R, Kurjak D, Bayram A. Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14307. [PMID: 38705723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors. Our focus then shifts to an in-depth exploration of phytohormones and their pivotal roles in mediating plant defence responses against biotic stressors, particularly insect pests. Furthermore, we highlight the potential impact of phytohormones on agricultural production while underscoring the existing research gaps and limitations hindering their widespread implementation in agricultural practices. Despite the accumulating body of research in this field, the integration of phytohormones into agriculture remains limited. To address this discrepancy, we propose a comprehensive framework for investigating the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sustainable agriculture. This framework advocates for the adoption of novel technologies and methodologies to facilitate the effective deployment of phytohormones in agricultural settings and also emphasizes the need to address existing research limitations through rigorous field studies. By outlining a roadmap for advancing the utilization of phytohormones in agriculture, this review aims to catalyse transformative changes in agricultural practices, fostering sustainability and resilience in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nancy Dawam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University Bokkos, Diram, Nigeria
| | | | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ahmet Bayram
- Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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3
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Jamil M, Alagoz Y, Wang JY, Chen GTE, Berqdar L, Kharbatia NM, Moreno JC, Kuijer HNJ, Al-Babili S. Abscisic acid inhibits germination of Striga seeds and is released by them likely as a rhizospheric signal supporting host infestation. Plant J 2024; 117:1305-1316. [PMID: 38169533 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Seeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica undergo a conditioning process under humid and warm environments before germinating in response to host-released stimulants, particularly strigolactones (SLs). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates different growth and developmental processes, and stress response; however, its role during Striga seed germination and early interactions with host plants is under-investigated. Here, we show that ABA inhibited Striga seed germination and that hindering its biosynthesis induced conditioning and germination in unconditioned seeds, which was significantly enhanced by treatment with the SL analog rac-GR24. However, the inhibitory effect of ABA remarkably decreased during conditioning, confirming the loss of sensitivity towards ABA in later developmental stages. ABA measurement showed a substantial reduction of its content during the early conditioning stage and a significant increase upon rac-GR24-triggered germination. We observed this increase also in released seed exudates, which was further confirmed by using the Arabidopsis ABA-reporter GUS marker line. Seed exudates of germinated seeds, containing elevated levels of ABA, impaired the germination of surrounding Striga seeds in vitro and promoted root growth of a rice host towards germinated Striga seeds. Application of ABA as a positive control caused similar effects, indicating its function in Striga/Striga and Striga/host communications. In summary, we show that ABA is an essential player during seed dormancy and germination processes in Striga and acts as a rhizospheric signal likely to support host infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeh M Kharbatia
- Analytical Chemistry Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik N J Kuijer
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Aina O, Bakare OO, Fadaka AO, Keyster M, Klein A. Plant biomarkers as early detection tools in stress management in food crops: a review. Planta 2024; 259:60. [PMID: 38311674 PMCID: PMC10838863 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant Biomarkers are objective indicators of a plant's cellular state in response to abiotic and biotic stress factors. They can be explored in crop breeding and engineering to produce stress-tolerant crop species. Global food production safely and sustainably remains a top priority to feed the ever-growing human population, expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. However, abiotic and biotic stress factors negatively impact food production systems, causing between 70 and 100% reduction in crop yield. Understanding the plant stress responses is critical for developing novel crops that can adapt better to various adverse environmental conditions. Using plant biomarkers as measurable indicators of a plant's cellular response to external stimuli could serve as early warning signals to detect stresses before severe damage occurs. Plant biomarkers have received considerable attention in the last decade as pre-stress indicators for various economically important food crops. This review discusses some biomarkers associated with abiotic and biotic stress conditions and highlights their importance in developing stress-resilient crops. In addition, we highlighted some factors influencing the expression of biomarkers in crop plants under stress. The information presented in this review would educate plant researchers, breeders, and agronomists on the significance of plant biomarkers in stress biology research, which is essential for improving plant growth and yield toward sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola Aina
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Olalekan O Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, 121001, Nigeria
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Fadaka
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa.
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Lahari Z, van Boerdonk S, Omoboye OO, Reichelt M, Höfte M, Gershenzon J, Gheysen G, Ullah C. Strigolactone deficiency induces jasmonate, sugar and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation enhancing rice defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. New Phytol 2024; 241:827-844. [PMID: 37974472 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. While root-secreted SLs are well-known to facilitate plant symbiosis with beneficial microbes, the role of SLs in plant interactions with pathogenic microbes remains largely unexplored. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate a negative role of SLs in rice (Oryza sativa) defense against the blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae). We found that SL biosynthesis and perception mutants, and wild-type (WT) plants after chemical inhibition of SLs, were less susceptible to P. oryzae. Strigolactone deficiency also resulted in a higher accumulation of jasmonates, soluble sugars and flavonoid phytoalexins in rice leaves. Likewise, in response to P. oryzae infection, SL signaling was downregulated, while jasmonate and sugar content increased markedly. The jar1 mutant unable to synthesize jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, and the coi1-18 RNAi line perturbed in jasmonate signaling, both accumulated lower levels of sugars. However, when WT seedlings were sprayed with glucose or sucrose, jasmonate accumulation increased, suggesting a reciprocal positive interplay between jasmonates and sugars. Finally, we showed that functional jasmonate signaling is necessary for SL deficiency to induce rice defense against P. oryzae. We conclude that a reduction in rice SL content reduces P. oryzae susceptibility by activating jasmonate and sugar signaling pathways, and flavonoid phytoalexin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobaida Lahari
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Boerdonk
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Olumide Owolabi Omoboye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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Li S, Baldwin G, Yang C, Lu R, Meng S, Huang J, Wang M, Baldwin IT. Field-work reveals a novel function for MAX2 in a native tobacco's high-light adaptions. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:230-245. [PMID: 37750501 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies have revealed that strigolatone (SL) and karrikin (KAR) signalling mediate responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, and reshape branching architecture that could increase reproductive performance and crop yields. To understand the ecological function of SL and KAR signalling, transgenic lines of wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, silenced in SL/KAR biosynthesis/signalling were grown in the glasshouse and in two field plots in the Great Basin Desert in Utah over four field seasons. Of the lines silenced in SL and KAR signalling components (irMAX2, irD14, irKAI2 and irD14 × irKAI2 plants), which exhibited the expected increases in shoot branching, only irMAX2 plants showed a strong leaf-bleaching phenotype when grown in the field. In the field, irMAX2 plants had lower sugar and higher leaf amino acid contents, lower lifetime fitness and were more susceptible to herbivore attack compared to wild-type plants. These irMAX2 phenotypes were not observed in glasshouse-grown plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed dramatic responses to high-light intensity in irMAX2 leaves in the field: lutein contents decreased, and transcriptional responses to high-intensity light, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide increased. PAR and UV-B manipulations in the field revealed that the irMAX2 bleaching phenotype is reversed by decreasing PAR, but not UV-B fluence. We propose that NaMAX2 functions in high-light adaptation and fitness optimisation by regulating high-light responses independently of its roles in the SL and KAR signalling pathways. The work provides another example of the value of studying the function of genes in the complex environments in which plants evolved, namely nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuaishuai Meng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbei Huang
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Mansoor S, Mir MA, Karunathilake EMBM, Rasool A, Ştefănescu DM, Chung YS, Sun HJ. Strigolactones as promising biomolecule for oxidative stress management: A comprehensive review. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108282. [PMID: 38147706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, which are a group of plant hormones, have emerged as promising biomolecules for effectively managing oxidative stress in plants. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the plant's ability to detoxify or scavenge these harmful molecules. An elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels often occurs in response to a range of stressors in plants. These stressors encompass both biotic factors, such as fungal, viral, or nematode attacks, as well as abiotic challenges like intense light exposure, drought, salinity, and pathogenic assaults. This ROS surge can ultimately lead to cellular harm and damage. One of the key ways in which strigolactones help mitigate oxidative stress is by stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of antioxidants. These antioxidants act as scavengers of ROS, neutralizing their harmful effects. Additionally, strigolactones also regulate stomatal closure, which reduces water loss and helps alleviate oxidative stress during conditions of drought stress or water deficiencies. By understanding and harnessing the capabilities of strigolactones, it becomes possible to enhance crop productivity and enable plants to withstand environmental stresses in the face of a changing climate. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the various roles of strigolactones in plant growth, development, and response to various stresses, with a specific emphasis on their involvement in managing oxidative stress. Strigolactones also play a critical role in detoxifying ROS while regulating the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense pathways, striking a balance between ROS detoxification and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - E M B M Karunathilake
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Aatifa Rasool
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Dragoş Mihail Ştefănescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I.Cuza 13, 200585, Craiova, Romania
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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9
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Zou J, Chen X, Liu C, Guo M, Kanwar MK, Qi Z, Yang P, Wang G, Bao Y, Bassham DC, Yu J, Zhou J. Autophagy promotes jasmonate-mediated defense against nematodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4769. [PMID: 37553319 PMCID: PMC10409745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system, plays a critical role in plant immunity. However, the involvement of autophagy in the plant immune system and its function in plant nematode resistance are largely unknown. Here, we show that root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita) infection induces autophagy in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and different atg mutants exhibit high sensitivity to RKNs. The jasmonate (JA) signaling negative regulators JASMONATE-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE 1 (JAM1), JAM2 and JAM3 interact with ATG8s via an ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), and JAM1 is degraded by autophagy during RKN infection. JAM1 impairs the formation of a transcriptional activation complex between ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1) and MEDIATOR 25 (MED25) and interferes with transcriptional regulation of JA-mediated defense-related genes by ERF1. Furthermore, ERF1 acts in a positive feedback loop and regulates autophagy activity by transcriptionally activating ATG expression in response to RKN infection. Therefore, autophagy promotes JA-mediated defense against RKNs via forming a positive feedback circuit in the degradation of JAMs and transcriptional activation by ERF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 276000, Linyi, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, 572000, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 276000, Linyi, China.
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10
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Yi F, Song A, Cheng K, Liu J, Wang C, Shao L, Wu S, Wang P, Zhu J, Liang Z, Chang Y, Chu Z, Cai C, Zhang X, Wang P, Chen A, Xu J, Burritt DJ, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Li W, Cai Y. Strigolactones positively regulate Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton via crosstalk with other hormones. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:945-966. [PMID: 36718522 PMCID: PMC10231467 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a serious vascular disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.). V. dahliae induces the expression of the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (GauCCD7) gene involved in strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis in Gossypium australe, suggesting a role for SLs in Verticillium wilt resistance. We found that the SL analog rac-GR24 enhanced while the SL biosynthesis inhibitor TIS108 decreased cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Knock-down of GbCCD7 and GbCCD8b genes in island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) decreased resistance, whereas overexpression of GbCCD8b in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) increased resistance to Verticillium wilt. Additionally, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SL mutants defective in CCD7 and CCD8 putative orthologs were susceptible, whereas both Arabidopsis GbCCD7- and GbCCD8b-overexpressing plants were more resistant to Verticillium wilt than wild-type (WT) plants. Transcriptome analyses showed that several genes related to the jasmonic acid (JA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathways, such as MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (GbMYC2) and ABA-INSENSITIVE 5, respectively, were upregulated in the roots of WT cotton plants in responses to rac-GR24 and V. dahliae infection but downregulated in the roots of both GbCCD7- and GbCCD8b-silenced cotton plants. Furthermore, GbMYC2 suppressed the expression of GbCCD7 and GbCCD8b by binding to their promoters, which might regulate the homeostasis of SLs in cotton through a negative feedback loop. We also found that GbCCD7- and GbCCD8b-silenced cotton plants were impaired in V. dahliae-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that SLs positively regulate cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt through crosstalk with the JA- and ABA-signaling pathways and by inducing ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Aosong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lili Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhilin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zongyan Chu
- Cotton Institution, Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chaowei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Unidad de Genomica Avanzada, Centro de Investigaciony de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politecnico Nacional, Irapuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Da’an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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11
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Liu M, Shan Q, Ding E, Gu T, Gong B. Karrikin increases tomato cold tolerance via strigolactone and the abscisic acid signaling network. Plant Sci 2023; 332:111720. [PMID: 37120034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a class of biostimulants, karrikins (KARs) were first identified from plant-derived smoke to regulate plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. However, the roles of KARs in plant cold tolerance and their crosstalk with strigolactones (SLs) and abscisic acid (ABA) remain elusive. We studied the interaction among KAR, SLs, and ABA in cold acclimatization with KAI2-, MAX1-, SnRK2.5-silenced, or cosilenced plant materials. KAI2 is involved in smoke-water- (SW-) and KAR-mediated cold tolerance. MAX1 acts downstream of KAR in cold acclimation. ABA biosynthesis and sensitivity are regulated by KAR and SLs, which improve cold acclimation through the SnRK2.5 component. The physiological mechanisms of SW and KAR in improving growth, yield, and tolerance under a long-term sublow temperature environment were also studied. SW and KAR were shown to improve tomato growth and yield under sublow temperature conditions by regulating nutritional uptake, leaf temperature control, photosynthetic defense, ROS scavenging, and CBF transcriptional activation. Together, SW, which functions via the KAR-mediated SL and ABA signaling network, has potential application value for increasing cold tolerance in tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Erqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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12
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Sharma I, Kashyap S, Agarwala N. Biotic stress-induced changes in root exudation confer plant stress tolerance by altering rhizospheric microbial community. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1132824. [PMID: 36968415 PMCID: PMC10036841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Every organism on the earth maintains some kind of interaction with its neighbours. As plants are sessile, they sense the varied above-ground and below-ground environmental stimuli and decipher these dialogues to the below-ground microbes and neighbouring plants via root exudates as chemical signals resulting in the modulation of the rhizospheric microbial community. The composition of root exudates depends upon the host genotype, environmental cues, and interaction of plants with other biotic factors. Crosstalk of plants with biotic agents such as herbivores, microbes, and neighbouring plants can change host plant root exudate composition, which may permit either positive or negative interactions to generate a battlefield in the rhizosphere. Compatible microbes utilize the plant carbon sources as their organic nutrients and show robust co-evolutionary changes in changing circumstances. In this review, we have mainly focused on the different biotic factors responsible for the synthesis of alternative root exudate composition leading to the modulation of rhizosphere microbiota. Understanding the stress-induced root exudate composition and resulting change in microbial community can help us to devise strategies in engineering plant microbiomes to enhance plant adaptive capabilities in a stressful environment.
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13
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Luo L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Han X, Zhu Y, Liu L, Man M, Li F, Ren M, Xing Y. MYC2: A Master Switch for Plant Physiological Processes and Specialized Metabolite Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays important roles in plant defenses, development, and the synthesis of specialized metabolites synthesis. Transcription factor MYC2 is a major regulator of the JA signaling pathway and is involved in the regulation of plant physiological processes and specialized metabolite synthesis. Based on our understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of specialized metabolite synthesis in plants by the transcription factor MYC2, the use of synthetic biology approaches to design MYC2-driven chassis cells for the synthesis of specialized metabolites with high medicinal value, such as paclitaxel, vincristine, and artemisinin, seems to be a promising strategy. In this review, the regulatory role of MYC2 in JA signal transduction of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth, development and specialized metabolite synthesis is described in detail, which will provide valuable reference for the use of MYC2 molecular switches to regulate plant specialized metabolite biosynthesis.
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14
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Luo X, Hong H, Yang T, Huang S, Wang C, Chen H, Qian X, Feng M, Chen Z, Dong Y, Ma Z, Li J, Zhu M, He SY, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Tao X. NLR surveillance of pathogen interference with hormone receptors induces immunity. Nature 2023; 613:145-52. [PMID: 36517600 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormone signalling pathways have an important role in defence against pathogens mediated by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat class immune receptors1,2 (NLR). Pathogens have evolved counter-defence strategies to manipulate phytohormone signalling pathways to dampen immunity and promote virulence3. However, little is known about the surveillance of pathogen interference of phytohormone signalling by the plant innate immune system. The pepper (Capsicum chinense) NLR Tsw, which recognizes the effector nonstructural protein NSs encoded by tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), contains an unusually large leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Structural modelling predicts similarity between the LRR domain of Tsw and those of the jasmonic acid receptor COI1, the auxin receptor TIR1 and the strigolactone receptor partner MAX2. This suggested that NSs could directly target hormone receptor signalling to promote infection, and that Tsw has evolved a LRR resembling those of phytohormone receptors LRR to induce immunity. Here we show that NSs associates with COI1, TIR1 and MAX2 through a common repressor-TCP21-which interacts directly with these phytohormone receptors. NSs enhances the interaction of COI1, TIR1 or MAX2 with TCP21 and blocks the degradation of corresponding transcriptional repressors to disable phytohormone-mediated host immunity to the virus. Tsw also interacts directly with TCP21 and this interaction is enhanced by viral NSs. Downregulation of TCP21 compromised Tsw-mediated defence against TSWV. Together, our findings reveal that a pathogen effector targets TCP21 to inhibit phytohormone receptor function, promoting virulence, and a plant NLR protein has evolved to recognize this interference as a counter-virulence strategy, thereby activating immunity.
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15
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Nakayasu M, Takamatsu K, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Plant specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere of tomatoes: secretion and effects on microorganisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 87:13-20. [PMID: 36373409 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants interact with microorganisms in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Here the roots exude plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) that have diverse biological and ecological functions. Recent reports have shown that these PSMs influence the rhizosphere microbiome, which is essential for the plant's growth and health. This review summarizes several specialized metabolites secreted into the rhizosphere of the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important model species for plant research and a commercial crop. In this review, we focused on the effects of such plant metabolites on plant-microbe interactions. We also reviewed recent studies on improving the growth of tomatoes by analyzing and reconstructing the rhizosphere microbiome and discussed the challenges to be addressed in establishing sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takamatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Ji T, Ma S, Liang M, Wang X, Gao L, Tian Y. Reference genes identification for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis in Cucumis sativus under Meloidogyne incognita infection and Pseudomonas treatment. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1061921. [PMID: 36589116 PMCID: PMC9799720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
qRT-PCR is a common and key technical means to study gene expression in biological research. However, reliability and accuracy of quantification by qRT-PCR is entirely dependent on the identification of appropriate reference genes. Cucumber as an economical vegetable is widely cultivated worldwide and is subject to serious nematode infection, especially from M. incognita. Plant could employ beneficial soil bacteria in the rhizosphere to enhance plant adaptability to various stresses. In this study, the optimal reference genes in cucumber under M. incognita stress and Pseudomonas treatment were calculated and confirmed. A total of thirteen candidate reference genes were identified across three different treatments. Of these, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper programs combined RefFinder software identified EF1 and UBI are the most suitable reference gene in the root knot and whole root of cucumber infected M. incognita, respectively, and CACS is the most suitable reference gene in the whole root of cucumber treated by Pseudomonas. The work first validated the most suitable reference genes for the normalization gene expression in cucumber by nematode infected or Pseudomonas inoculated, and these results would facilitate the further research on M. incognita or Pseudomonas soil rhizosphere microbe interaction with cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihong Gao
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Tian, ; Lihong Gao,
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17
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Soliman S, Wang Y, Han Z, Pervaiz T, El-kereamy A. Strigolactones in Plants and Their Interaction with the Ecological Microbiome in Response to Abiotic Stress. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3499. [PMID: 36559612 PMCID: PMC9781102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in enhancing plant tolerance by responding to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, high temperature, and light stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derivatives that occur naturally in plants and are defined as novel phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism, growth, and development. Strigolactone assists plants in the acquisition of defensive characteristics against drought stress by initiating physiological responses and mediating the interaction with soil microorganisms. Nutrient deficiency is an important abiotic stress factor, hence, plants perform many strategies to survive against nutrient deficiency, such as enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake and forming beneficial relationships with microorganisms. Strigolactone attracts various microorganisms and provides the roots with essential elements, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Among these advantageous microorganisms are arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), which regulate plant metabolic activities through phosphorus providing in roots. Bacterial nodulations are also nitrogen-fixing microorganisms found in plant roots. This symbiotic relationship is maintained as the plant provides organic molecules, produced in the leaves, that the bacteria could otherwise not independently generate. Related stresses, such as light stress and high-temperature stress, could be affected directly or indirectly by strigolactone. However, the messengers of these processes are unknown. The most prominent connector messengers have been identified upon the discovery of SLs and the understanding of their hormonal effect. In addition to attracting microorganisms, these groups of phytohormones affect photosynthesis, bridge other phytohormones, induce metabolic compounds. In this article, we highlighted the brief information available on SLs as a phytohormone group regarding their common related effects. In addition, we reviewed the status and described the application of SLs and plant response to abiotic stresses. This allowed us to comprehend plants' communication with the ecological microbiome as well as the strategies plants use to survive under various stresses. Furthermore, we identify and classify the SLs that play a role in stress resistance since many ecological microbiomes are unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Soliman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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18
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Hamdan MF, Karlson CKS, Teoh EY, Lau SE, Tan BC. Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Plants (Basel) 2022. [PMID: 36235491 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used to develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective breeding and mutation breeding), modern genome editing tools offer more targeted and specific alterations of the plant genome and could significantly speed up the progress of developing crops with desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience to the changing environment. In this review, we discuss the current development and future applications of genome editing technologies in mitigating the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically on the CRISPR/Cas system, which has been the center of attention in the last few years as a revolutionary genome-editing tool in various species. We also conducted a bibliographic analysis on CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) to identify trends and potential in the CRISPR/Cas-related plant research. In addition, this review article outlines the current shortcomings and challenges of employing genome editing technologies in agriculture with notes on future prospective. We believe combining conventional and more innovative technologies in agriculture would be the key to optimizing crop improvement beyond the limitations of traditional agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Khai Soong Karlson
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ee Yang Teoh
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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19
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Huang H, Zhao W, Qiao H, Li C, Sun L, Yang R, Ma X, Ma J, Song S, Wang S. SlWRKY45 interacts with jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins to negatively regulate defense against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac197. [PMID: 36338841 PMCID: PMC9630973 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause a severe reduction in crop yield and seriously threaten agricultural production. The phytohormones jasmonates (JAs) are important signals regulating resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism for JAs-regulated defense against RKNs in tomato remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that the transcription factor SlWRKY45 interacted with most JA-ZIM domain family proteins (JAZs), key repressors of the JA signaling. After infection by the RKN Meloidogyne incognita, the slwrky45 mutants exhibited lower gall numbers and egg numbers per gram of roots than wild type, whereas overexpression of SlWRKY45 attenuated resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Under M. incognita infection, the contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in roots were repressed by SlWRKY45-overexpression. Furthermore, SlWRKY45 bound to and inhibited the promoter of the JA biosynthesis gene ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE (AOC), and repressed its expression. Overall, our findings revealed that the SlJAZ-interaction protein SlWRKY45 attenuated RKN-regulated JA biosynthesis and repressed defense against the RKN M. incognita in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Qiao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chonghua Li
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuechun Ma
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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20
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Wang Y, Durairaj J, Suárez Duran HG, van Velzen R, Flokova K, Liao C, Chojnacka A, MacFarlane S, Schranz ME, Medema MH, van Dijk ADJ, Dong L, Bouwmeester HJ. The tomato cytochrome P450 CYP712G1 catalyses the double oxidation of orobanchol en route to the rhizosphere signalling strigolactone, solanacol. New Phytol 2022; 235:1884-1899. [PMID: 35612785 PMCID: PMC9542622 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are rhizosphere signalling molecules and phytohormones. The biosynthetic pathway of SLs in tomato has been partially elucidated, but the structural diversity in tomato SLs predicts that additional biosynthetic steps are required. Here, root RNA-seq data and co-expression analysis were used for SL biosynthetic gene discovery. This strategy resulted in a candidate gene list containing several cytochrome P450s. Heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast showed that one of these, CYP712G1, can catalyse the double oxidation of orobanchol, resulting in the formation of three didehydro-orobanchol (DDH) isomers. Virus-induced gene silencing and heterologous expression in yeast showed that one of these DDH isomers is converted to solanacol, one of the most abundant SLs in tomato root exudate. Protein modelling and substrate docking analysis suggest that hydroxy-orbanchol is the likely intermediate in the conversion from orobanchol to the DDH isomers. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the occurrence of CYP712G1 homologues in the Eudicots only, which fits with the reports on DDH isomers in that clade. Protein modelling and orobanchol docking of the putative tobacco CYP712G1 homologue suggest that it can convert orobanchol to similar DDH isomers as tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Janani Durairaj
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Robin van Velzen
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Flokova
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Che‐Yang Liao
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht University3584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Chojnacka
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciencesthe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marnix H. Medema
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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21
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Liu L, Li K, Zhou X, Fang C. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Role of Strigolactones in Wounding-Induced Rice Metabolic Re-Programming. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090789. [PMID: 36144193 PMCID: PMC9501228 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to adapt to wounding, a threat occurring separately or concomitantly with other stresses. During the last decades, many efforts have been made to elucidate the wounding signaling transduction. However, we know little about the metabolic re-programming under wounding, let alone whether and how strigolactones (SLs) participate in this progress. Here, we reported a metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of SLs synthetic and signal mutants in rice before and after wounding. A series of metabolites differentially responded to wounding in the SLs mutants and wild-type rice, among which flavones were enriched. Besides, the SLs mutants accumulated more jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonyl isoleucine (JA-lle) than the wild-type rice after wounding, suggesting an interplay of SLs and JAs during responding to wounding. Further transcriptome data showed that cell wall, ethylene, and flavones pathways might be affected by wounding and SLs. In addition, we identified candidate genes regulated by SLs and responding to wounding. In conclusion, our work provides new insights into wounding-induced metabolic re-programming and the SLs’ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University Hainan, Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Kang Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University Hainan, Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University Hainan, Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Gilroy E, Breen S. Interplay between phytohormone signalling pathways in plant defence - other than salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Essays Biochem 2022:EBC20210089. [PMID: 35848080 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20210089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential for all aspects of plant growth, development, and immunity; however, it is the interplay between phytohormones, as they dynamically change during these processes, that is key to this regulation. Hormones have traditionally been split into two groups: growth-promoting and stress-related. Here, we will discuss and show that all hormones play a role in plant defence, regardless of current designation. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex phytohormone networks with less focus on archetypal immunity-related pathways and discuss protein and transcription factor signalling hubs that mediate hormone interplay.
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23
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Wang X, Mou JH, Qin ZH, Hao TB, Zheng L, Buhagiar J, Liu YH, Balamurugan S, He Y, Lin CSK, Yang WD, Li HY. Supplementation with rac-GR24 Facilitates the Accumulation of Biomass and Astaxanthin in Two Successive Stages of Haematococcus pluvialis Cultivation. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:4677-4689. [PMID: 35384649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular freshwater green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted much research attention due to its biosynthetic ability for large amounts of astaxanthin, a blood-red ketocarotenoid that is used in cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the functions of natural astaxanthin; however, the high cost of the production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis cultures restricts its commercial viability. There is an urgent need to fulfill commercial demands by increasing astaxanthin accumulation from H. pluvialis cultures. In this study, we discovered that treatment of H. pluvialis cultures at the beginning of the macrozooid stage (day 0) with 1 μM rac-GR24, a synthetic analogue of strigolactones (a class of phytohormones), led to significant increases in biomass [up to a maximum dry cell weight (DCW) of 0.53 g/L] during the macrozooid stage and astaxanthin (from 0.63 to 5.32% of DCW) during the hematocyst stage. We elucidated that this enhancement of biomass accumulation during the macrozooid stage by rac-GR24 is due to its increasing CO2 utilization efficiency in photosynthesis and carbohydrate biosynthesis. We also found that rac-GR24 stimulated the overproduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and antioxidant enzymes in H. pluvialis cultures, which alleviated the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species generated during the hematocyst stage due to the exhaustion of nitrogen supplies. Moreover, rac-GR24 treatment of H. pluvialis synergistically altered the activity of the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis and astaxanthin esterification, which resulted in larger amounts of astaxanthin being generated by rac-GR24-treated cultures than by controls. In summary, we have developed a feasible and economic rac-GR24-assisted strategy that increases the amounts of biomass and astaxanthin generated by H. pluvialis cultures, and have provided novel insights into the mechanistic roles of rac-GR24 to achieve these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zi-Hao Qin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | | | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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24
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Liu S, Gao Z, Wang X, Luan F, Dai Z, Yang Z, Zhang Q. Nucleotide variation in the phytoene synthase (ClPsy1) gene contributes to golden flesh in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:185-200. [PMID: 34633472 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A gene controlling golden flesh trait in watermelon was discovered and fine mapped to a 39.08 Kb region on chromosome 1 through a forward genetic strategy, and Cla97C01G008760 (annotated as phytoene synthase protein, ClPsy1 ) was recognized as the most likely candidate gene. Vitamin A deficiency is a worldwide public nutrition problem, and β-carotene is the precursor for vitamin A synthesis. Watermelon with golden flesh (gf, which occurs due to an accumulated abundance of β-carotene) is an important germplasm resource. In this study, a genetic analysis of segregated gf gene populations indicated that gf was controlled by a single recessive gene. BSA-seq (Bulked segregation analysis) and an initial linkage analysis placed the gf locus in a 290-Kb region on watermelon chromosome 1. Further fine mapping in a large population including over 1000 F2 plants narrowed this region to 39.08 Kb harboring two genes, Cla97C01G008760 and Cla97C01G008770, which encode phytoene synthase (ClPsy1) and GATA zinc finger domain-containing protein, respectively. Gene sequence alignment and expression analysis between parental lines revealed Cla97C01G008760 as the best possible candidate gene for the gf trait. Nonsynonymous SNP mutations in the first exon of ClPsy1 between parental lines co-segregated with the gf trait only among individuals in the genetic population and were not related to flesh color in natural watermelon panels. Promoter sequence analysis of 26 watermelon accessions revealed two SNPs in the cis-acting element sequences corresponding to MYB and MYC2 transcription factors. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR verification showed that two MYBs exhibited expression trends similar to that of ClPsy1 in the parental lines and may regulate the ClPsy1 expression. Further research findings indicate that the gf trait is determined not only by ClPsy1 but also by ClLCYB, ClCRTISO and ClNCED7, which play important roles in watermelon β-carotene accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhongqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zuyun Dai
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Horticulture Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, 230031, China
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25
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Li L, Chen Z, Acheampong A, Huang Q. Low-temperature plasma promotes growth of Haematococcus pluvialis and accumulation of astaxanthin by regulating histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation. Bioresour Technol 2022; 343:126095. [PMID: 34624470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin exhibits strong antioxidant ability, so researchers endeavor to improve astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis). Previous work revealed that low-temperature plasma (LTP) could improve the astaxanthin yield in H. pluvialis, but the mechanism is still elusive. In this work, we therefore explored the mechanism of LTP promoting algal growth astaxanthin yield, especially from the perspective of epigenetics. Through measurements of hormones and transcription genes, it was found that the levels of strigolactone and abscisic acid in H. pluvialis increased significantly after LTP treatment, accompanied by enhanced expression of astaxanthin synthesis genes. Particularly, one of the key genes, namely CRTISO, was specifically up-regulated. Further experiments via immunofluorescence and ChIP-PCR methods confirmed that histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) in the promoter region of CRTISO was increased. Therefore, this study demonstrates that LTP can regulate CRTISO and promote the algal growth and astaxanthin accumulation by stimulating phytohormones and regulating H3K4me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Fisheries Research Institution, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Adolf Acheampong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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26
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Chi C, Xu X, Wang M, Zhang H, Fang P, Zhou J, Xia X, Shi K, Zhou Y, Yu J. Strigolactones positively regulate abscisic acid-dependent heat and cold tolerance in tomato. Hortic Res 2021; 8:237. [PMID: 34719688 PMCID: PMC8558334 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that impact plant growth and development in diverse ways. However, the roles of strigolactones in the responses to temperature stresses are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that strigolactone biosynthesis is induced in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by heat and cold stresses. Compromised strigolactone biosynthesis or signaling negatively affected heat and cold tolerance, while application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR245DS enhanced heat and cold tolerance. Strigolactone-mediated heat and cold tolerance was associated with the induction of abscisic acid (ABA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulation, C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1 (CBF1) transcription, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Importantly, a deficiency in ABA biosynthesis compromised the GR245DS effects on heat and cold stresses and abolished the GR245DS-induced transcription of HSP70, CBF1, and antioxidant-related genes. These results support that strigolactones positively regulate tomato heat and cold tolerance and that they do so at least partially by the induction of CBFs and HSPs and the antioxidant response in an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xuechen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
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27
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Phytohormones selectively affect plant parasitic nematodes associated with Arabidopsis roots. New Phytol 2021; 232:1272-1285. [PMID: 34115415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones may affect plant-nematode interactions directly as chemo-attractants or -repellents, or indirectly through the root-associated microbiome or through host defense mechanisms. However, the exact roles of phytohormones in these complex plant-soil-nematode interactions are not well understood. We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in phytohormone synthesis or sensitivity to elucidate their role in root-nematode interactions. As root-associated microorganisms may modulate these interactions, we explored correlations between the relative abundances of root-associated nematodes, and bacteria and fungi using amplicon sequencing. We found distinct shifts in relative abundances of a range of nematode taxa in the A. thaliana phytohormone mutants. The root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, a sedentary endoparasitic species that is in intimate contact with the host, was highly enriched in JA-, SA- and SL-impaired lines, and in an ET-insensitive line. Positive or negative correlations between specific microbial and nematode taxa were observed, but, as the inference of causal relationships between microbiome responses and effects on nematode communities is premature, this should be studied in detail in future studies. In conclusion, genetic derailment of hormonal balances generally rendered plants vulnerable to endoparasitic nematode attack. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that this effect may be partially modulated by the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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28
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Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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29
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Karanja JK, Aslam MM, Qian Z, Yankey R, Dodd IC, Weifeng X. Abscisic Acid Mediates Drought-Enhanced Rhizosheath Formation in Tomato. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:658787. [PMID: 34421937 PMCID: PMC8378331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosheath, commonly defined as soil adhering to the root surface, may confer drought tolerance in various crop species by enhancing access to water and nutrients under drying stress conditions. Since the role of phytohormones in establishing this trait remains largely unexplored, we investigated the role of ABA in rhizosheath formation of wild-type (WT) and ABA-deficient (notabilis, not) tomatoes. Both genotypes had similar rhizosheath weight, root length, and root ABA concentration in well-watered soil. Drying stress treatment decreased root length similarly in both genotypes, but substantially increased root ABA concentration and rhizosheath weight of WT plants, indicating an important role for ABA in rhizosheath formation. Neither genotype nor drying stress treatment affected root hair length, but drying stress treatment decreased root hair density of not. Under drying stress conditions, root hair length was positively correlated with rhizosheath weight in both genotypes, while root hair density was positively correlated with rhizosheath weight in well-watered not plants. Root transcriptome analysis revealed that drought stress increased the expression of ABA-responsive transcription factors, such as AP2-like ER TF, alongside other drought-regulatory genes associated with ABA (ABA 8'-hydroxylase and protein phosphatase 2C). Thus, root ABA status modulated the expression of specific gene expression pathways. Taken together, drought-induced rhizosheath enhancement was ABA-dependent, but independent of root hair length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Karanja
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Cops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Cops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhang Qian
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Cops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Richard Yankey
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Weifeng
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Cops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Guang Y, Luo S, Ahammed GJ, Xiao X, Li J, Zhou Y, Yang Y. The OPR gene family in watermelon: Genome-wide identification and expression profiling under hormone treatments and root-knot nematode infection. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:80-88. [PMID: 33275831 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR) is important in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway and thus plays a vital role in plant defence. However, systematic and comprehensive analyses of OPR genes in watermelon and their roles in defence responses are extremely limited. The physicochemical properties, phylogenetic tree, gene structure and cis-acting elements of watermelon OPR genes were analysed using bioinformatics, and qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq were applied to assay expression of OPR genes in watermelon. A total of five OPR family genes were identified in watermelon, which were unevenly distributed across the four chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis assigned OPR members from different plant species to five subfamilies (OPRI-OPRV). The motif compositions of OPR members were relatively conserved. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that ClOPR genes, except for ClOPR5, were highly expressed in the flower and fruit. RNA-seq analysis showed that the ClOPR genes had different expression patterns during flesh and rind development. Furthermore, the ClOPR genes, particularly ClOPR2 and ClOPR4, were significantly upregulated by exogenous JA, salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) treatments. In addition, red light induced expression of ClOPR2 and ClOPR4 in leaves and roots of root-knot nematode (RKN)-infected watermelon plants, suggesting their involvement in red light-induced defence against RKN. These results provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the diverse functions of OPR family genes in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - S Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - G J Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Proection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - X Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Changenet V, Macadré C, Boutet-Mercey S, Magne K, Januario M, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Mouille G, Dufresne M. Overexpression of a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Involved in Orobanchol Biosynthesis Increases Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:662025. [PMID: 33868356 PMCID: PMC8048717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a cereal disease caused primarily by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum with public health issues due to the production of mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON). Genetic resistance is an efficient protection means and numerous quantitative trait loci have been identified, some of them related to the production of resistance metabolites. In this study, we have functionally characterized the Brachypodium distachyon BdCYP711A29 gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP). We showed that BdCYP711A29 belongs to an oligogenic family of five members. However, following infection by F. graminearum, BdCYP711A29 is the only copy strongly transcriptionally induced in a DON-dependent manner. The BdCYP711A29 protein is homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana MAX1 and Oryza sativa MAX1-like CYPs representing key components of the strigolactone biosynthesis. We show that BdCYP711A29 is likely involved in orobanchol biosynthesis. Alteration of the BdCYP711A29 sequence or expression alone does not modify plant architecture, most likely because of functional redundancy with the other copies. B. distachyon lines overexpressing BdCYP711A29 exhibit an increased susceptibility to F. graminearum, although no significant changes in defense gene expression were detected. We demonstrate that both orobanchol and exudates of Bd711A29 overexpressing lines stimulate the germination of F. graminearum macroconidia. We therefore hypothesize that orobanchol is a susceptibility factor to FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Changenet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mélanie Januario
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Bell CA, Magkourilou E, Urwin PE, Field KJ. The influence of competing root symbionts on below-ground plant resource allocation. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2997-3003. [PMID: 33841761 PMCID: PMC8019053 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants typically interact with multiple above- and below-ground organisms simultaneously, with their symbiotic relationships spanning a continuum ranging from mutualism, such as with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to parasitism, including symbioses with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN).Although research is revealing the patterns of plant resource allocation to mutualistic AMF partners under different host and environmental constraints, the root ecosystem, with multiple competing symbionts, is often ignored. Such competition is likely to heavily influence resource allocation to symbionts.Here, we outline and discuss the competition between AMF and PPN for the finite supply of host plant resources, highlighting the need for a more holistic understanding of the influence of below-ground interactions on plant resource allocation. Based on recent developments in our understanding of other symbiotic systems such as legume-rhizobia and AMF-aphid-plant, we propose hypotheses for the distribution of plant resources between contrasting below-ground symbionts and how such competition may affect the host.We identify relevant knowledge gaps at the physiological and molecular scales which, if resolved, will improve our understanding of the true ecological significance and potential future exploitation of AMF-PPN-plant interactions in order to optimize plant growth. To resolve these outstanding knowledge gaps, we propose the application of well-established methods in isotope tracing and nutrient budgeting to monitor the movement of nutrients between symbionts. By combining these approaches with novel time of arrival experiments and experimental systems involving multiple plant hosts interlinked by common mycelial networks, it may be possible to reveal the impact of multiple, simultaneous colonizations by competing symbionts on carbon and nutrient flows across ecologically important scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter E. Urwin
- Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Katie J. Field
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Abstract
Phytohormones participate in various processes over the course of a plant's lifecycle. In addition to the five classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene), phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, strigolactones, and peptides also play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. Given the highly interconnected nature of phytohormones during plant development and stress responses, it is challenging to study the biological function of a single phytohormone in isolation. In the current Review, we describe the combined functions and signaling cascades (especially the shared points and pathways) of various phytohormones in leaf development, in particular, during leaf primordium initiation and the establishment of leaf polarity and leaf morphology as well as leaf development under various stress conditions. We propose a model incorporating the roles of multiple phytohormones in leaf development and stress responses to illustrate the underlying combinatorial signaling pathways. This model provides a reference for breeding stress-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
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Fujimoto T, Abe H, Mizukubo T, Seo S. Phytol, a Constituent of Chlorophyll, Induces Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Arabidopsis via the Ethylene Signaling Pathway. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:279-285. [PMID: 33166202 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0186-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) parasitize the roots or stems of a wide range of plant species, resulting in severe damage to the parasitized plant. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) plays an important role in signal transduction pathways leading to resistance against RKNs. However, little is currently known about the induction mechanisms of ET-dependent RKN resistance. Inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with RKNs decreased chlorophyll contents in aerial parts of the plant. We observed accumulation of phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll and a precursor of tocopherols, in RKN-parasitized roots. Application of sclareol, a diterpene that has been shown to induce ET-dependent RKN resistance, to the roots of Arabidopsis plants increased phytol contents in roots accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll in aerial parts. Exogenously applied phytol inhibited RKN penetration of roots without exhibiting nematicidal activity. This phytol-induced inhibition of RKN penetration was attenuated in the ET-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant ein2-1. Exogenously applied phytol enhanced the production of α-tocopherol and expression of VTE5, a gene involved in tocopherol production, in Arabidopsis roots. α-Tocopherol exerted induction of RKN resistance similar to that of phytol and showed increased accumulation in roots inoculated with RKNs. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis vte5 mutant displayed no inhibition of RKN penetration in response to phytol. These results suggest that exogenously applied phytol induces EIN2-dependent RKN resistance, possibly via tocopherol production.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Fujimoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizukubo
- National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Shigemi Seo
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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Bharath P, Gahir S, Raghavendra AS. Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:615114. [PMID: 33746999 PMCID: PMC7969522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata and parallelly defend against microbes by restricting their entry through stomatal pores. ABA can also promote the accumulation of polyamines, sphingolipids, and even proline. Stomatal closure by compounds other than ABA also helps plant defense against both abiotic and biotic stress factors. Further, ABA can interact with other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA). Such cross-talk can be an additional factor in plant adaptations against environmental stresses and microbial pathogens. The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding ABA's multifaceted role under stress conditions, particularly stomatal closure. We point out the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ in guard cells as key signaling components during the ABA-mediated short-term plant defense reactions. The rise in ROS, RCS, NO, and intracellular Ca2+ triggered by ABA can promote additional events involved in long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, accumulation of compatible solutes to protect the cell, hypersensitive response (HR), and programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens can counteract and try to reopen stomata. Similarly, pathogens attempt to trigger PCD of host tissue to their benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent of stomatal closure can delay the pathogen spread and infection within leaves. Stomatal closure and other ABA influences can be among the early steps of defense and a crucial component of plants' innate immunity response. Stomatal guard cells are quite sensitive to environmental stress and are considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research on the ABA-induced stomatal closure mechanism can help us design strategies for plant/crop adaptations to stress.
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Li S, Joo Y, Cao D, Li R, Lee G, Halitschke R, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT, Wang M. Strigolactone signaling regulates specialized metabolism in tobacco stems and interactions with stem-feeding herbivores. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000830. [PMID: 32810128 PMCID: PMC7478753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are attacked by herbivores, which often specialize on different tissues, and in response, have evolved sophisticated resistance strategies that involve different types of chemical defenses frequently targeted to different tissues. Most known phytohormones have been implicated in regulating these defenses, with jasmonates (JAs) playing a pivotal role in complex regulatory networks of signaling interactions, often generically referred to as "cross talk." The newly identified class of phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs), known to regulate the shoot architecture, remain unstudied with regard to plant-herbivore interactions. We explored the role of SL signaling in resistance to a specialist weevil (Trichobaris mucorea) herbivore of the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, that attacks the root-shoot junction (RSJ), the part of the plant most strongly influenced by alterations in SL signaling (increased branching). As SL signaling shares molecular components, such as the core F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), with another new class of phytohormones, the karrikins (KARs), which promote seed germination and seedling growth, we generated transformed lines, individually silenced in the expression of NaMAX2, DWARF 14 (NaD14: the receptor for SL) and CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (NaCCD7: a key enzyme in SL biosynthesis), and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (NaKAI2: the KAR receptor). The mature stems of all transgenic lines impaired in the SL, but not the KAR signaling pathway, overaccumulated anthocyanins, as did the stems of plants attacked by the larvae of weevil, which burrow into the RSJs to feed on the pith of N. attenuata stems. T. mucorea larvae grew larger in the plants silenced in the SL pathway, but again, not in the KAI2-silenced plants. These phenotypes were associated with elevated JA and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) levels and significant changes in the accumulation of defensive compounds, including phenolamides and nicotine. The overaccumulation of phenolamides and anthocyanins in the SL pathway-silenced plants likely resulted from antagonism between the SL and JA pathway in N. attenuata. We show that the repressors of SL signaling, suppressor of max2-like (NaSMXL6/7), and JA signaling, jasmonate zim-domain (NaJAZs), physically interact, promoting NaJAZb degradation and releasing JASMONATE INSENSITIVE 1 (JIN1/MYC2) (NaMYC2), a critical transcription factor promoting JA responses. However, the increased performance of T. mucorea larvae resulted from lower pith nicotine levels, which were inhibited by increased IAA levels in SL pathway-silenced plants. This inference was confirmed by decapitation and auxin transport inhibitor treatments that decreased pith IAA and increased nicotine levels. In summary, SL signaling tunes specific sectors of specialized metabolism in stems, such as phenylpropanoid and nicotine biosynthesis, by tailoring the cross talk among phytohormones, including JA and IAA, to mediate herbivore resistance of stems. The metabolic consequences of the interplay of SL, JA, and IAA signaling revealed here could provide a mechanism for the commonly observed pattern of herbivore tolerance/resistance trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Youngsung Joo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dechang Cao
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Aliche EB, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A, Munnik T, Bouwmeester HJ. Science and application of strigolactones. New Phytol 2020; 227:1001-1011. [PMID: 32067235 PMCID: PMC7384091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that regulate developmental processes and play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Both in planta hormonal roles and ex planta signalling effects of SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. In this review, we explore various aspects of SL function and highlight distinct areas of agriculture that may benefit from the use of synthetic SL analogues, and we identify possible bottlenecks. Our objective is to identify where the contributions of science and stakeholders are still needed to achieve harnessing the benefits of SLs for a sustainable agriculture of the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B. Aliche
- Plant Hormone BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Chemical ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSchaffhausenstrasse 101CH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Chemical ResearchSyngenta Crop Protection AGSchaffhausenstrasse 101CH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1098 XHthe Netherlands
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Poveda J, Abril-Urias P, Escobar C. Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by Filamentous Fungi Inducers of Resistance: Trichoderma, Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:992. [PMID: 32523567 PMCID: PMC7261880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic-nematodes represent a major threat to the agricultural production of different crops worldwide. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, it is necessary to develop new control strategies against nematodes. In this respect, filamentous fungi can be an interesting biocontrol alternative. The genus Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi are the main groups of filamentous fungi studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs) against nematodes as resistance inducers. They are able to reduce the damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes directly by parasitism, antibiosis, paralysis and by the production of lytic enzymes. But they also minimize harm by space and resource-competition, by providing higher nutrient and water uptake to the plant, or by modifying the root morphology, and/or rhizosphere interactions, that constitutes an advantage for the plant-growth. Besides, filamentous fungi are able to induce resistance against nematodes by activating hormone-mediated (salicylic and jasmonic acid, strigolactones among others) plant-defense mechanisms. Additionally, the alteration of the transport of chemical defense components through the plant or the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites and different enzymes can also contribute to enhancing plant defenses. Therefore, the use of filamentous fungi of the mentioned groups as BCAs is a promising durable biocontrol strategy in agriculture against plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biological Mission of Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Patricia Abril-Urias
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Faizan M, Faraz A, Sami F, Siddiqui H, Yusuf M, Gruszka D, Hayat S. Role of Strigolactones: Signalling and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:217-228. [PMID: 33987478 PMCID: PMC8114782 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Tree Seed Center, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing-210037, P.R. China
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
- E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
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Pentimone I, Colagiero M, Rosso LC, Ciancio A. Omics applications: towards a sustainable protection of tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4185-95. [PMID: 32185431 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome data and gene expression analysis have a huge potential in the study of multiple relationships involving plants, pathogens, and pests, including the interactions with beneficial microorganisms such as endophytes or other functional groups. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other recent long-read-based sequencing approaches (i.e., nanopore and others) provide unprecedented tools allowing the fast identification of plant information processing systems, in situ and in real time, fundamental for crop management and pest regulation. Other -omics approaches such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow high-resolution insights on the rhizosphere ecology. They may highlight key factors affecting belowground biodiversity or processes, modulating the expression of stress-responsive pathways. The application of miRNAs and other small RNAs is a relatively new field of application, with enormous potential for the selective activation of defense pathways. However, limitations concerning the stability of the RNA molecules and their effective delivery must be overcome.
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Rolfe SA, Griffiths J, Ton J. Crying out for help with root exudates: adaptive mechanisms by which stressed plants assemble health-promoting soil microbiomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 49:73-82. [PMID: 31731229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ immunological and ecological strategies to resist biotic stress. Recent evidence suggests that plants adapt to biotic stress by changing their root exudation chemistry to assemble health-promoting microbiomes. This so-called 'cry-for-help' hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation for previously characterized soil feedback responses to plant disease, such as the development of disease-suppressing soils upon successive cultivations of take all-infected wheat. Here, we divide the hypothesis into individual stages and evaluate the evidence for each component. We review how plant immune responses modify root exudation chemistry, as well as what impact this has on microbial activities, and the subsequent plant responses to these activities. Finally, we review the ecological relevance of the interaction, along with its translational potential for future crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Rolfe
- Plant Production and Protection (P(3)), Institute for Sustainable Food, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joseph Griffiths
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plant Production and Protection (P(3)), Institute for Sustainable Food, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Balestrini R, Rosso LC, Veronico P, Melillo MT, De Luca F, Fanelli E, Colagiero M, di Fossalunga AS, Ciancio A, Pentimone I. Transcriptomic Responses to Water Deficit and Nematode Infection in Mycorrhizal Tomato Roots. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1807. [PMID: 31456765 PMCID: PMC6700261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate changes include the intensification of drought in many parts of the world, increasing its frequency, severity and duration. However, under natural conditions, environmental stresses do not occur alone, and, in addition, more stressed plants may become more susceptible to attacks by pests and pathogens. Studies on the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on tomato response to water deficit showed that several drought-responsive genes are differentially regulated in AM-colonized tomato plants (roots and leaves) during water deficit. To date, global changes in mycorrhizal tomato root transcripts under water stress conditions have not been yet investigated. Here, changes in root transcriptome in the presence of an AM fungus, with or without water stress (WS) application, have been evaluated in a commercial tomato cultivar already investigated for the water stress response during AM symbiosis. Since root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne incognita) are obligate endoparasites and cause severe yield losses in tomato, the impact of the AM fungal colonization on RKN infection at 7 days post-inoculation was also evaluated. Results offer new information about the response to AM symbiosis, highlighting a functional redundancy for several tomato gene families, as well as on the tomato and fungal genes involved in WS response during symbiosis, underlying the role of the AM fungus. Changes in the expression of tomato genes related to nematode infection during AM symbiosis highlight a role of AM colonization in triggering defense responses against RKN in tomato. Overall, new datasets on the tomato response to an abiotic and biotic stress during AM symbiosis have been obtained, providing useful data for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura C Rosso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Pasqua Veronico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Melillo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Fanelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Pentimone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
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