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Kaneko T, Gould N, Campbell D, Clearwater MJ. Isohydric stomatal behaviour alters fruit vascular flows and minimizes fruit size reductions in drought-stressed 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Ann Bot 2024; 133:969-982. [PMID: 38366557 PMCID: PMC11089262 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant water status is important for fruit development, because many fleshy fruits contain large amounts of water. However, there is no information on vascular flows of Persea americana 'Hass' avocado. The aims of this research were to explore the impact of drought stress on the water relationships of the 'Hass' avocado plant and its fruit growth. METHODS Well-watered and water-stressed 'Hass' avocado plants were compared. Over 4 weeks, water flows through the shoot and fruit pedicel were monitored using external sap flow gauges. Fruit diameter was monitored using linear transducers, and stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and leaf and stem water potentials (Ѱleaf and Ѱstem) were measured to assess the response of the plants to water supply. KEY RESULTS In well-watered conditions, the average water inflow to the shoot was 72 g day-1. Fruit water inflow was 2.72 g day-1, but there was water loss of 0.37 g day-1 caused by the outflow (loss back into the tree) through the vascular tissues and 1.06 g day-1 from the fruit skin. Overall, fruit volume increased by 1.4 cm3 day-1. In contrast, water flow into fruit of water-stressed plants decreased to 1.88 g day-1, with the outflow increasing to 0.61 g day-1. As a result, increases in fruit volume were reduced to 0.4 cm3 day-1. The values of A, gs and sap flow to shoots were also reduced during drought conditions. Changes in the hourly time-courses of pedicel sap flow, fruit volume and stem water potential during drought suggest that the stomatal response prevented larger increases in outflow from the fruit. Following re-watering, a substantial recovery in growth rate was observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, a reduction in growth of avocado fruit was observed with induced water deficit, but the isohydric stomatal behaviour of the leaves helped to minimize negative changes in water balance. Also, there was substantial recovery after re-watering, hence the short-term water stress did not decrease avocado fruit size. Negative impacts might appear if the drought treatment were prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Kaneko
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Havelock North, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nick Gould
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Te Puke Research Centre, Te Puke, New Zealand
| | - David Campbell
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Appiah M, Abdulai I, Schulman AH, Moshelion M, Dewi ES, Daszkowska-Golec A, Bracho-Mujica G, Rötter RP. Drought response of water-conserving and non-conserving spring barley cultivars. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1247853. [PMID: 37941662 PMCID: PMC10628443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Breeding barley cultivars adapted to drought requires in-depth knowledge on physiological drought responses. Methods We used a high-throughput functional phenotyping platform to examine the response of four high-yielding European spring barley cultivars to a standardized drought treatment imposed around flowering. Results Cv. Chanell showed a non-conserving water-use behavior with high transpiration and maximum productivity under well-watered conditions but rapid transpiration decrease under drought. The poor recovery upon re-irrigation translated to large yield losses. Cv. Baronesse showed the most water-conserving behavior, with the lowest pre-drought transpiration and the most gradual transpiration reduction under drought. Its good recovery (resilience) prevented large yield losses. Cv. Formula was less conserving than cv. Baronesse and produced low yet stable yields. Cv. RGT's dynamic water use with high transpiration under ample water supply and moderate transpiration decrease under drought combined with high resilience secured the highest and most stable yields. Discussion Such a dynamic water-use behavior combined with higher drought resilience and favorable root traits could potentially create an ideotype for intermediate drought. Prospective studies will examine these results in field experiments and will use the newly gained understanding on water use in barley to improve process descriptions in crop simulation models to support crop model-aided ideotype design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Appiah
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Issaka Abdulai
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elvira S. Dewi
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gennady Bracho-Mujica
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reimund P. Rötter
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Gosa SC, Lupo Y, Moshelion M. Quantitative and comparative analysis of whole-plant performance for functional physiological traits phenotyping: New tools to support pre-breeding and plant stress physiology studies. Plant Sci 2019; 282:49-59. [PMID: 31003611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are autotrophic organisms in which there are linear relationships between the rate at which organic biomass is accumulated and many ambient parameters such as water, nutrients, CO2 and solar radiation. These linear relationships are the result of good feedback regulation between a plants sensing of the environment and the optimization of its performance response. In this review, we suggest that continuous monitoring of the plant physiological profile in response to changing ambient conditions could be a useful new phenotyping tool, allowing the characterization and comparison of different levels of functional phenotypes and productivity. This functional physiological phenotyping (FPP) approach can be integrated into breeding programs, which are facing difficulties in selecting plants that perform well under abiotic stress. Moreover, high-throughput FPP will increase the efficiency of the selection of traits that are closely related to environmental interactions (such as plant water status, water-use efficiency, stomatal conductance, etc.) thanks to its high resolution and dynamic measurements. One of the important advantages of FPP is, its simplicity and effectiveness and compatibility with experimental methods that use load-cell lysimeters and ambient sensors. In the future, this platform could help with phenotyping of complex physiological traits, beneficial for yield gain to enhance functional breeding approaches and guide in crop modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lupo
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Pawłowicz I, Masajada K. Aquaporins as a link between water relations and photosynthetic pathway in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Gene 2018; 687:166-172. [PMID: 30445023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins constitute a large family of proteins involved in facilitating the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes. In higher plants they are divided into several sub-families, depending on membrane-type localization and permeability to specific solutes. They are abundantly expressed in the majority of plant organs and tissues, and play a function in primary biological processes. Many studies revealed the significant role of aquaporins in acquiring abiotic stresses' tolerance. This review focuses on aquaporins belonging to PIPs sub-family that are permeable to water and/or carbon dioxide. Isoforms transporting water are involved in hydraulic conductance regulation in the leaves and roots, whereas those transporting carbon dioxide control stomatal and mesophyll conductance in the leaves. Changes in PIP aquaporins abundance/activity in stress conditions allow to maintain the water balance and photosynthesis adjustment. Broad analyses showed that tight control between water and carbon dioxide supplementation mediated by aquaporins influences plant productivity, especially in stress conditions. Involvement of aquaporins in adaptation strategies to dehydrative stresses in different plant species are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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Bianchi D, Grossi D, Tincani DTG, Simone Di Lorenzo G, Brancadoro L, Rustioni L. Multi-parameter characterization of water stress tolerance in Vitis hybrids for new rootstock selection. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:333-340. [PMID: 30248519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought in grapevine could be faced using tolerant rootstocks. The present work aims at the evaluation of 25 new genotypes potentially tolerant to drought by using recent methods of phenotypical screening (thermography and on-solid reaction spectroscopy). Plants were grown in well-watered and stressed field conditions. Proxi for transpiration, wood hydrophobicity and starch content were used to characterize and classify the genotypes. The predominant role of the environment was highlighted, nevertheless genotype and genotype × environment interaction showed significant variations as well. Hybrids were classified based on their steady, susceptible or adaptable behavior. The 14 most promising genotypes were identified, 5 of them showing two tolerance mechanisms. In the future, results from this experiment will support viticulture in water limited areas releasing new drought-tolerant interspecific hybrids to be tested after grafting with different scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bianchi
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide T G Tincani
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Brancadoro
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Rustioni
- DISAA, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Ludovisi R, Tauro F, Salvati R, Khoury S, Mugnozza Scarascia G, Harfouche A. UAV-Based Thermal Imaging for High-Throughput Field Phenotyping of Black Poplar Response to Drought. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1681. [PMID: 29021803 PMCID: PMC5623950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Poplars are fast-growing, high-yielding forest tree species, whose cultivation as second-generation biofuel crops is of increasing interest and can efficiently meet emission reduction goals. Yet, breeding elite poplar trees for drought resistance remains a major challenge. Worldwide breeding programs are largely focused on intra/interspecific hybridization, whereby Populus nigra L. is a fundamental parental pool. While high-throughput genotyping has resulted in unprecedented capabilities to rapidly decode complex genetic architecture of plant stress resistance, linking genomics to phenomics is hindered by technically challenging phenotyping. Relying on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing and imaging techniques, high-throughput field phenotyping (HTFP) aims at enabling highly precise and efficient, non-destructive screening of genotype performance in large populations. To efficiently support forest-tree breeding programs, ground-truthing observations should be complemented with standardized HTFP. In this study, we develop a high-resolution (leaf level) HTFP approach to investigate the response to drought of a full-sib F2 partially inbred population (termed here 'POP6'), whose F1 was obtained from an intraspecific P. nigra controlled cross between genotypes with highly divergent phenotypes. We assessed the effects of two water treatments (well-watered and moderate drought) on a population of 4603 trees (503 genotypes) hosted in two adjacent experimental plots (1.67 ha) by conducting low-elevation (25 m) flights with an aerial drone and capturing 7836 thermal infrared (TIR) images. TIR images were undistorted, georeferenced, and orthorectified to obtain radiometric mosaics. Canopy temperature (Tc) was extracted using two independent semi-automated segmentation techniques, eCognition- and Matlab-based, to avoid the mixed-pixel problem. Overall, results showed that the UAV platform-based thermal imaging enables to effectively assess genotype variability under drought stress conditions. Tc derived from aerial thermal imagery presented a good correlation with ground-truth stomatal conductance (gs) in both segmentation techniques. Interestingly, the HTFP approach was instrumental to detect drought-tolerant response in 25% of the population. This study shows the potential of UAV-based thermal imaging for field phenomics of poplar and other tree species. This is anticipated to have tremendous implications for accelerating forest tree genetic improvement against abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ludovisi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Flavia Tauro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sacha Khoury
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Kelly G, Sade N, Doron-Faigenboim A, Lerner S, Shatil-Cohen A, Yeselson Y, Egbaria A, Kottapalli J, Schaffer AA, Moshelion M, Granot D. Sugar and hexokinase suppress expression of PIP aquaporins and reduce leaf hydraulics that preserves leaf water potential. Plant J 2017; 91:325-339. [PMID: 28390076 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sugars affect central aspects of plant physiology, including photosynthesis, stomatal behavior and the loss of water through the stomata. Yet, the potential effects of sugars on plant aquaporins (AQPs) and water conductance have not been examined. We used database and transcriptional analyses, as well as cellular and whole-plant functional techniques to examine the link between sugar-related genes and AQPs. Database analyses revealed a high level of correlation between the expression of AQPs and that of sugar-related genes, including the Arabidopsis hexokinases 1 (AtHXK1). Increased expression of AtHXK1, as well as the addition of its primary substrate, glucose (Glc), repressed the expression of 10 AQPs from the plasma membrane-intrinsic proteins (PIP) subfamily (PIP-AQPs) and induced the expression of two stress-related PIP-AQPs. The osmotic water permeability of mesophyll protoplasts of AtHXK1-expressing plants and the leaf hydraulic conductance of those plants were significantly reduced, in line with the decreased expression of PIP-AQPs. Conversely, hxk1 mutants demonstrated a higher level of hydraulic conductance, with increased water potential in their leaves. In addition, the presence of Glc reduced leaf water potential, as compared with an osmotic control, indicating that Glc reduces the movement of water from the xylem into the mesophyll. The production of sugars entails a significant loss of water and these results suggest that sugars and AtHXK1 affect the expression of AQP genes and reduce leaf water conductance, to coordinate sugar levels with the loss of water through transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Stephen Lerner
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Jayaram Kottapalli
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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9
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Abstract
Droughts are expected to become more frequent and more intense under climate change. Plant mortality rates and biomass declines in response to drought depend on stomatal and xylem flow regulation. Plants operate on a continuum of xylem and stomatal regulation strategies from very isohydric (strict regulation) to very anisohydric. Coexisting species may display a variety of isohydricity behaviors. As such, it can be difficult to predict how to model the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale by aggregating studies of individual species. This is nonetheless essential for accurate prediction of ecosystem drought resilience. In this study, we define a metric for the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale in analogy with a recent metric introduced at the species level. Using data from the AMSR-E satellite, this metric is evaluated globally based on diurnal variations in microwave vegetation optical depth (VOD), which is directly related to leaf water potential. Areas with low annual mean radiation are found to be more anisohydric. Except for evergreen broadleaf forests in the tropics, which are very isohydric, and croplands, which are very anisohydric, land cover type is a poor predictor of ecosystem isohydricity, in accordance with previous species-scale observations. It is therefore also a poor basis for parameterizing water stress response in land-surface models. For taller ecosystems, canopy height is correlated with higher isohydricity (so that rainforests are mostly isohydric). Highly anisohydric areas show either high or low underlying water use efficiency. In seasonally dry locations, most ecosystems display a more isohydric response (increased stomatal regulation) during the dry season. In several seasonally dry tropical forests, this trend is reversed, as dry-season leaf-out appears to coincide with a shift toward more anisohydric strategies. The metric developed in this study allows for detailed investigations of spatial and temporal variations in plant water behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Ludovisi R, Tauro F, Salvati R, Khoury S, Mugnozza Scarascia G, Harfouche A. UAV-Based Thermal Imaging for High-Throughput Field Phenotyping of Black Poplar Response to Drought. Front Plant Sci 2017. [PMID: 29021803 DOI: 10.1109/ams.2009.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poplars are fast-growing, high-yielding forest tree species, whose cultivation as second-generation biofuel crops is of increasing interest and can efficiently meet emission reduction goals. Yet, breeding elite poplar trees for drought resistance remains a major challenge. Worldwide breeding programs are largely focused on intra/interspecific hybridization, whereby Populus nigra L. is a fundamental parental pool. While high-throughput genotyping has resulted in unprecedented capabilities to rapidly decode complex genetic architecture of plant stress resistance, linking genomics to phenomics is hindered by technically challenging phenotyping. Relying on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing and imaging techniques, high-throughput field phenotyping (HTFP) aims at enabling highly precise and efficient, non-destructive screening of genotype performance in large populations. To efficiently support forest-tree breeding programs, ground-truthing observations should be complemented with standardized HTFP. In this study, we develop a high-resolution (leaf level) HTFP approach to investigate the response to drought of a full-sib F2 partially inbred population (termed here 'POP6'), whose F1 was obtained from an intraspecific P. nigra controlled cross between genotypes with highly divergent phenotypes. We assessed the effects of two water treatments (well-watered and moderate drought) on a population of 4603 trees (503 genotypes) hosted in two adjacent experimental plots (1.67 ha) by conducting low-elevation (25 m) flights with an aerial drone and capturing 7836 thermal infrared (TIR) images. TIR images were undistorted, georeferenced, and orthorectified to obtain radiometric mosaics. Canopy temperature (Tc) was extracted using two independent semi-automated segmentation techniques, eCognition- and Matlab-based, to avoid the mixed-pixel problem. Overall, results showed that the UAV platform-based thermal imaging enables to effectively assess genotype variability under drought stress conditions. Tc derived from aerial thermal imagery presented a good correlation with ground-truth stomatal conductance (gs) in both segmentation techniques. Interestingly, the HTFP approach was instrumental to detect drought-tolerant response in 25% of the population. This study shows the potential of UAV-based thermal imaging for field phenomics of poplar and other tree species. This is anticipated to have tremendous implications for accelerating forest tree genetic improvement against abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ludovisi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Flavia Tauro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sacha Khoury
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Bustan A, Dag A, Yermiyahu U, Erel R, Presnov E, Agam N, Kool D, Iwema J, Zipori I, Ben-Gal A. Fruit load governs transpiration of olive trees. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:380-91. [PMID: 26802540 PMCID: PMC4885946 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that whole-tree water consumption of olives (Olea europaea L.) is fruit load-dependent and investigated the driving physiological mechanisms. Fruit load was manipulated in mature olives grown in weighing-drainage lysimeters. Fruit was thinned or entirely removed from trees at three separate stages of growth: early, mid and late in the season. Tree-scale transpiration, calculated from lysimeter water balance, was found to be a function of fruit load, canopy size and weather conditions. Fruit removal caused an immediate decline in water consumption, measured as whole-plant transpiration normalized to tree size, which persisted until the end of the season. The later the execution of fruit removal, the greater was the response. The amount of water transpired by a fruit-loaded tree was found to be roughly 30% greater than that of an equivalent low- or nonyielding tree. The tree-scale response to fruit was reflected in stem water potential but was not mirrored in leaf-scale physiological measurements of stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. Trees with low or no fruit load had higher vegetative growth rates. However, no significant difference was observed in the overall aboveground dry biomass among groups, when fruit was included. This case, where carbon sources and sinks were both not limiting, suggests that the role of fruit on water consumption involves signaling and alterations in hydraulic properties of vascular tissues and tree organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Bustan
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat-Negev R&D, D.N. Halutza 85515, Israel
| | - Arnon Dag
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Ran Erel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Eugene Presnov
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Nurit Agam
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84990, Israel
| | - Dilia Kool
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Joost Iwema
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel Soil Physics, Ecohydrology and Groundwater Management, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Isaac Zipori
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, mobile post Negev 85280, Israel
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Vitali V, Bellati J, Soto G, Ayub ND, Amodeo G. Root hydraulic conductivity and adjustments in stomatal conductance: hydraulic strategy in response to salt stress in a halotolerant species. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv136. [PMID: 26602985 PMCID: PMC4683980 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances at the molecular level are introducing a new scenario that needs to be integrated into the analysis of plant hydraulic properties. Although it is not yet clear to what extent this scenario alters the current proposal for the hydraulic circuit models, it introduces new insights when studying plants that are able to easily overcome water restrictions. In this context, our aim was to explore water adjustments in a halotolerant model (Beta vulgaris) by studying the coordination between the root in terms of root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and the shoot as reflected in the stomatal conductance (gs). The root water pathways were also analysed in terms of root suberization (apoplastic barrier) and aquaporin transcript levels (cell-to-cell pathway). Beta vulgaris showed the ability to rapidly lose (4 h) and gain (24 h) turgor when submitted to salt stress (200 mM). The reduction profile observed in Lpr and gs was consistent with a coupled process. The tuning of the root water flow involved small variations in the studied aquaporin's transcripts before anatomical modifications occurred. Exploring Lpr enhancement after halting the stress contributed to show not only a different profile in restoring Lpr but also the capacity to uncouple Lpr from gs. Beta vulgaris root plays a key role and can anticipate water loss before the aerial water status is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bellati
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA-Castelar and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás D Ayub
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA-Castelar and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Understanding how different plants prioritize carbon gain and drought vulnerability under a variable water supply is important for predicting which trees will maximize woody biomass production under different environmental conditions. Here, Populus balsamifera (BS, isohydric genotype), P. simonii (SI, previously uncharacterized stomatal behaviour), and their cross, P. balsamifera x simonii (BSxSI, anisohydric genotype) were studied to assess the physiological basis for biomass accumulation and water-use efficiency across a range of water availabilities. Under ample water, whole plant stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and growth rates were higher in anisohydric genotypes (SI and BSxSI) than in isohydric poplars (BS). Under drought, all genotypes regulated the leaf to stem water potential gradient via changes in gs, synchronizing leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and E: isohydric plants reduced Kleaf, gs, and E, whereas anisohydric genotypes maintained high Kleaf and E, which reduced both leaf and stem water potentials. Nevertheless, SI poplars reduced their plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) during water stress and, unlike, BSxSI plants, recovered rapidly from drought. Low gs of the isohydric BS under drought reduced CO2 assimilation rates and biomass potential under moderate water stress. While anisohydric genotypes had the fastest growth under ample water and higher photosynthetic rates under increasing water stress, isohydric poplars had higher water-use efficiency. Overall, the results indicate three strategies for how closely related biomass species deal with water stress: survival-isohydric (BS), sensitive-anisohydric (BSxSI), and resilience-anisohydric (SI). Implications for woody biomass growth, water-use efficiency, and survival under variable environmental conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR INRA-ISPA 1391, 33195, Gradignan, France Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danielle A Way
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Näsholm T, Palmroth S, Ganeteg U, Moshelion M, Hurry V, Franklin O. Genetics of superior growth traits in trees are being mapped but will the faster-growing risk-takers make it in the wild? Tree Physiol 2014; 34:1141-1148. [PMID: 25527413 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Division of Environmental Science & Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ulrika Ganeteg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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