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Yang C, Merlin D. Unveiling Colitis: A Journey through the Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Model. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:844-853. [PMID: 38280217 PMCID: PMC11063560 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are valuable tools for investigating the factors involved in IBD pathogenesis and evaluating new therapeutic options. The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of colitis is arguably the most widely used animal model for studying the pathogenesis of and potential treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC), which is a primary form of IBD. This model offers several advantages as a research tool: it is highly reproducible, relatively easy to generate and maintain, and mimics many critical features of human IBD. Recently, it has also been used to study the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of IBD and to investigate the effects of other factors, such as diet and genetics, on colitis severity. However, although DSS-induced colitis is the most popular and flexible model for preclinical IBD research, it is not an exact replica of human colitis, and some results obtained from this model cannot be directly applied to humans. This review aims to comprehensively discuss different factors that may be involved in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis and the issues that should be considered when using this model for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
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2
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Qin X. Antibacterial Agents May Have Shifted Impacts on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Along with Decrease in Gut Bacteria. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae043. [PMID: 38457489 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lay Summary
This article discussed the likely bell-shaped complicated impacts of antibacterial agents such as food additives like some artificial sweeteners on inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease along with decrease in gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofa Qin
- GI Biopharam Inc, 918 Willow Grove Road, Westfield, NJ 07090, USA
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3
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Li T, Chen X, Qi Q, Feng X. Bovine Milk Derived Exosomes Affect Gut Microbiota of DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:100-109. [PMID: 38468747 PMCID: PMC10924850 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine milk derived exosomes (MDEs) on the gut microbiota of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Total of 42 specific pathogen free (SPF) male BALB/c mice (3 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups including control group, DSS group (DSS) and bovine milk derived exosome group (Exo), with 7 replicates/cages per treatment and two mice in one cage. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of cecal digesta samples was conducted. DSS significantly decreased the average daily feed intake of mice in DSS and Exo groups (P = 0.03). Shannon index of the DSS group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05) whereas no difference between the control group and Exo group was observed. Administration of MDEs tended to increase the relative abundance of Campylobaterota. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of Roseburia was significantly decreased in the DSS group (P < 0.05) whereas no difference between the Exo group and control group was observed. MDEs also tended to increase the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006. In conclusion, oral administration of 10 µL MDEs (1 mg/mL) positively affected gut microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice. The results of this study provided valuable reference for MDEs application in the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 Guangyun Road, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 Guangyun Road, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 Guangyun Road, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 Guangyun Road, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China
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4
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Vlk AM, Prantner D, Shirey KA, Perkins DJ, Buzza MS, Thumbigere-Math V, Keegan AD, Vogel SN. M2a macrophages facilitate resolution of chemically-induced colitis in TLR4-SNP mice. mBio 2023; 14:e0120823. [PMID: 37768050 PMCID: PMC10653841 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, impacts millions of individuals worldwide and severely impairs the quality of life for patients. Dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways reduces barrier function and exacerbates disease progression. Macrophage (Mφ) signaling pathways are potential targets for IBD therapies. While multiple treatments are available for IBD, (i) not all patients respond, (ii) responses may diminish over time, and (iii) treatments often have undesirable side effects. Genetic studies have shown that the inheritance of two co-segregating SNPs expressed in the innate immune receptor, TLR4, is associated with human IBD. Mice expressing homologous SNPs ("TLR4-SNP" mice) exhibited more severe colitis than WT mice in a DSS-induced colonic inflammation/repair model. We identified a critical role for M2a "tissue repair" Mφ in the resolution of colitis. Our findings provide insight into potential development of novel therapies targeting Mφ signaling pathways that aim to alleviate the debilitating symptoms experienced by individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Vlk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Prantner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darren J. Perkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Koshida K, Ito M, Yakabe K, Takahashi Y, Tai Y, Akasako R, Kimizuka T, Takano S, Sakamoto N, Haniuda K, Ogawa S, Kimura S, Kim YG, Hase K, Harada Y. Dysfunction of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Induces Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota via Aberrant Binding of Immunoglobulins to Microbes in the Intestinal Lumen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108549. [PMID: 37239894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent excessive immune responses against dietary antigens and commensal bacteria in the intestine. Moreover, Treg cells contribute to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbes, partly through immunoglobulin A. However, the mechanism by which Treg cell dysfunction disturbs the balanced intestinal microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we used Foxp3 conditional knockout mice to conditionally ablate the Foxp3 gene in adult mice and examine the relationship between Treg cells and intestinal bacterial communities. Deletion of Foxp3 reduced the relative abundance of Clostridia, suggesting that Treg cells have a role in maintaining Treg-inducing microbes. Additionally, the knockout increased the levels of fecal immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-coated bacteria. This increase was due to immunoglobulin leakage into the gut lumen as a result of loss of mucosal integrity, which is dependent on the gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that Treg cell dysfunction leads to gut dysbiosis via aberrant antibody binding to the intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Koshida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yakabe
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Tai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Akasako
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kimizuka
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takano
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Haniuda
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shuhei Ogawa
- Division of Integrated Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- The Institute of Fermentation Sciences (IFeS), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Harada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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6
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Taylor SJ, Winter MG, Gillis CC, Silva LAD, Dobbins AL, Muramatsu MK, Jimenez AG, Chanin RB, Spiga L, Llano EM, Rojas VK, Kim J, Santos RL, Zhu W, Winter SE. Colonocyte-derived lactate promotes E. coli fitness in the context of inflammation-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:200. [PMID: 36434690 PMCID: PMC9701030 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation disrupts the microbiota composition leading to an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae family members (dysbiosis). Associated with this shift in microbiota composition is a profound change in the metabolic landscape of the intestine. It is unclear how changes in metabolite availability during gut inflammation impact microbial and host physiology. RESULTS We investigated microbial and host lactate metabolism in murine models of infectious and non-infectious colitis. During inflammation-associated dysbiosis, lactate levels in the gut lumen increased. The disease-associated spike in lactate availability was significantly reduced in mice lacking the lactate dehydrogenase A subunit in intestinal epithelial cells. Commensal E. coli and pathogenic Salmonella, representative Enterobacteriaceae family members, utilized lactate via the respiratory L-lactate dehydrogenase LldD to increase fitness. Furthermore, mice lacking the lactate dehydrogenase A subunit in intestinal epithelial cells exhibited lower levels of inflammation in a model of non-infectious colitis. CONCLUSIONS The release of lactate by intestinal epithelial cells during gut inflammation impacts the metabolism of gut-associated microbial communities. These findings suggest that during intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, changes in metabolite availability can perpetuate colitis-associated disturbances of microbiota composition. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah J Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Novome Biotechnologies, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Laice Alves da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Dobbins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew K Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Angel G Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachael B Chanin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, Hematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Ernesto M Llano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vivian K Rojas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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7
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Aximujiang K, Kaheman K, Wushouer X, Wu G, Ahemaiti A, Yunusi K. Lactobacillus acidophilus and HKL Suspension Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota, Suppressing TLR9, and Promoting Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859628. [PMID: 35600873 PMCID: PMC9118348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with complex pathogenesis. The intestinal flora disturbance affects the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, leading to metabolic imbalance and immune abnormalities of the host, contributing to the perpetuation of intestinal inflammation. We suggest that the combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and the regulation of intestinal flora balance may help in the treatment process. Previously, we used a combination treatment consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and Chinese medicine Huan Kui Le (HKL) suspension in a UC rat model, where the combined intervention was more effective than either treatment alone. Herein, the mechanism of action of this combined treatment has been investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA methods in the colon, and untargeted metabolomics profiling in serum. Colon protein expression levels of IL-13 and TGF-β were upregulated, whereas those of TLR9 and TLR4 were downregulated, consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, gut microbiota structure changed, shown by a decrease in opportunistic pathogens correlated with intestinal inflammation, such as Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella, and an increase in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. The latter correlated positively with IL-13 and TGF-β and negatively with IFN-γ. Finally, this treatment alleviated the disruption of the metabolic profile observed in UC rats by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)–producing bacteria in the colonic epithelium. This combination treatment also affected the metabolism of lactic acid, creatine, and glycine and inhibited the growth of Klebsiella. Overall, we suggest that treatment combining probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine is a novel strategy beneficial in UC that acts by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, TLR9, and cytokines in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimujiang Aximujiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kuerbannaimu Kaheman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital in Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xilinguli Wushouer
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guixia Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abulaiti Ahemaiti
- The Functional Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kurexi Yunusi
- Uygur Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Kurexi Yunusi,
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8
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The role of enteric dysbacteriosis and modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Microb Pathog 2021; 165:105381. [PMID: 34974123 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is globally increasing. This disorder seriously affects the quality of life in patients. Interestingly, studies have detected that the intestinal flora imbalance is a critical factor in the progression of IBD. One potential treatment strategy for IBD involves regulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora. To date, a multitude of experiments have confirmed the relationship between intestinal flora, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation. The intestinal flora can reduce intestinal inflammation by regulating immunity and increasing the secretion of metabolic short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we discuss the composition and function of the intestinal flora, the relationship between the intestinal flora and the host, the role of intestinal flora disorders in IBD, and the progress in IBD treatment. Combining the regulation of the intestinal flora with probiotics treatment is considered a promising strategy for substantially improving the treatment of IBD.
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9
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The CD200 Regulates Inflammation in Mice Independently of TNF-α Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105358. [PMID: 34069671 PMCID: PMC8161250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells and chronic inflammation. The immune inhibitory receptor, CD200R, is involved in the downregulation of the activation of immune cells to prevent excessive inflammation. We aimed to define the role of CD200R ligand-CD200 in the experimental model of intestinal inflammation in conventionally-reared mice. Mice were given a dextran sodium sulfate solution in drinking water. Bodyweight loss was monitored daily and the disease activity index was calculated, and a histological evaluation of the colon was performed. TNF-α production was measured in the culture of small fragments of the distal colon or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cocultured with CD200+ cells. We found that Cd200-/- mice displayed diminished severity of colitis when compared to WT mice. Inflammation significantly diminished CD200 expression in WT mice, particularly on vascular endothelial cells and immune cells. The co-culture of BMDMs with CD200+ cells inhibited TNF-α secretion. In vivo, acute colitis induced by DSS significantly increased TNF-α secretion in colon tissue in comparison to untreated controls. However, Cd200-/- mice secreted a similar level of TNF-α to WT mice in vivo. CD200 regulates the severity of DSS-induced colitis in conventionally-reared mice. The presence of CD200+ cells decreases TNF-α production by macrophages in vitro. However, during DDS-induced intestinal inflammation secretion of TNF-α is independent of CD200 expression.
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10
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Park H, Yeo S, Kang S, Huh CS. Longitudinal Microbiome Analysis in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:370. [PMID: 33673349 PMCID: PMC7917662 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been in focus for decades. Although metagenomic observations in patients/animal colitis models have been attempted, the microbiome results were still indefinite and broad taxonomic presumptions were made due to the cross-sectional studies. Herein, we conducted a longitudinal microbiome analysis in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model with a two-factor design based on serial DSS dose (0, 1, 2, and 3%) and duration for 12 days, and four mice from each group were sacrificed at two-day intervals. During the colitis development, a transition of the cecal microbial diversity from the normal state to dysbiosis and dynamic changes of the populations were observed. We identified genera that significantly induced or depleted depending on DSS exposure, and confirmed the correlations of the individual taxa to the colitis severity indicated by inflammatory biomarkers (intestinal bleeding and neutrophil-derived indicators). Of note, each taxonomic population showed its own susceptibility to the changing colitis status. Our findings suggest that an understanding of the individual susceptibility to colitis conditions may contribute to identifying the role of the gut microbes in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Park
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea;
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea
| | - Soyoung Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seokwon Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea;
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
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11
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Qin X. Inhibition of Experimental Colitis by Saccharin in Animals: Should We Dismiss or Raise Concerns Regarding Possible Adverse Effects of Saccharin on Human Gut Microbiota and Health? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:e159-e160. [PMID: 32651958 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofa Qin
- GI Biopharma Inc., Westfield, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Olli KE, Rapp C, O’Connell L, Collins CB, McNamee EN, Jensen O, Jedlicka P, Allison KC, Goldberg MS, Gerich ME, Frank DN, Ir D, Robertson CE, Evans CM, Aherne CM. Muc5ac Expression Protects the Colonic Barrier in Experimental Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1353-1367. [PMID: 32385500 PMCID: PMC7441107 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucus gel layer (MGL) lining the colon is integral to exclusion of bacteria and maintaining intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. Some MGL defects allowing bacteria to directly contact the colonic surface are commonly observed in ulcerative colitis (UC). The major macromolecular component of the colonic MGL is the secreted gel-forming mucin MUC2, whose expression is essential for homeostasis in health. In UC, another gel-forming mucin, MUC5AC, is induced. In mice, Muc5ac is protective during intestinal helminth infection. Here we tested the expression and functional role of MUC5AC/Muc5ac in UC biopsies and murine colitis. METHODS We measured MUC5AC/Muc5ac expression in UC biopsies and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. We performed DSS colitis in mice deficient in Muc5ac (Muc5ac-/-) to model the potential functional role of Muc5ac in colitis. To assess MGL integrity, we quantified bacterial-epithelial interaction and translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. Antibiotic treatment and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to directly investigate the role of bacteria in murine colitis. RESULTS Colonic MUC5AC/Muc5ac mRNA expression increased significantly in active UC and murine colitis. Muc5ac-/- mice experienced worsened injury and inflammation in DSS colitis compared with control mice. This result was associated with increased bacterial-epithelial contact and translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, no change in microbial abundance or community composition was noted. Antibiotic treatment normalized colitis severity in Muc5ac-/- mice to that of antibiotic-treated control mice. CONCLUSIONS MUC5AC/Muc5ac induction in the acutely inflamed colon controls injury by reducing bacterial breach of the MGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Olli
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caroline Rapp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren O’Connell
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm B Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin N McNamee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Owen Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen C Allison
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark E Gerich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Ishisono K, Mano T, Yabe T, Kitaguchi K. Dietary Fiber Pectin Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in a Neutral Sugar Side Chain-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2979. [PMID: 31921214 PMCID: PMC6930924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber, with intake of soluble fibers in particular, has been reported to lower the risk for developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This is at least partly attributable to the fermentation of dietary fiber by the colonic microbiota to produce short chain fatty acids. Pectin, a widely consumed soluble fiber, is known to exert a protective effect in murine models of IBD, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Apart from having a prebiotic effect, it has been suggested that pectin direct influences host cells by modulating the inflammatory response in a manner dependent on its neutral sugar side chains. Here we examined the effect of the side chain content of pectin on the pathogenesis of experimental colitis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a pectin-free diet, or a diet supplemented with characteristically high (5% orange pectin) or low (5% citrus pectin) side chain content for 10-14 days, and then administered 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis. We found that the clinical symptoms and tissue damage in the colon were ameliorated in mice that were pre-fed with orange pectin, but not in those pre-fed with citrus pectin. Although the population of CD4+Foxp+ regulatory T cells and CD4+RORγt+ inflammatory T cells in the colon were comparable between citrus and orange pectin-fed mice, colonic interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in orange pectin-fed mice were significantly decreased. The fecal concentration of propionic acid in orange pectin-fed mice was slightly but significantly higher than that in control and citrus pectin-fed mice but the cecal concentration of propionic acid after the induction of TNBS colitis was comparable between orange and citrus pectin-fed mice. Furthermore, the protective effect of orange pectin against colitis was observed even in mice treated with antibiotics. IL-6 production from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the toll-like receptor agonist Pam3CSK4 or lipopolysaccharide was suppressed by pre-treatment with orange pectin in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that the side chains of pectin not only augment prebiotic effects but also directly regulate IL-6 production from intestinal host cells in a microbiota-independent fashion to attenuate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ishisono
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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14
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Shen B, Hu J, Song H, Wang Z, Fan J, Sun Y, Wang Q. Antibiotics exacerbated colitis by affecting the microbiota, Treg cells and SCFAs in IL10-deficient mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108849. [PMID: 30974386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Levy AN, Allegretti JR. Insights into the role of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819836893. [PMID: 30906424 PMCID: PMC6421596 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819836893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has changed the treatment landscape of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Emerging evidence has shown that FMT can also be an effective and safe treatment strategy in CDI with underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, randomized controlled trials of FMT in ulcerative colitis support its expanding role in restoring gut homeostasis in this disease. However, heterogeneous study designs leave several questions yet to be answered, including how to best position this novel therapy in the treatment approach of Crohn's disease and pouchitis. Additional studies are needed to validate whether FMT can assume a complementary role in the standard treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Anderson SJ, Lockhart JS, Estaki M, Quin C, Hirota SA, Alston L, Buret AG, Hancock TM, Petri B, Gibson DL, Morck DW. Effects of Azithromycin on Behavior, Pathologic Signs, and Changes in Cytokines, Chemokines, and Neutrophil Migration in C57BL/6 Mice Exposed to Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Comp Med 2018; 69:4-15. [PMID: 30545428 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we characterized the murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute colitis. Specifically, we evaluated azithromycin and metronidazole treatment regimens to assess their effects on animal wellbeing, pathologic changes, barrier function, cytokine and chemokine profiles, and neutrophil migration in colon tissue. Azithromycin treatment significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed through body weight change, water consumption, macroscopic lesions, and animal behaviors (activity level, climbing, and grooming), but did not alter food consumption or feeding behavior. Mucosal barrier function (evaluated by using FITC-labeled dextran) was decreased after DSS exposure; azithromycin did not significantly alter barrier function in mice with colitis, whereas metronidazole exacerbated the colitis-related deficit in barrier function. In addition, metronidazole appeared to exacerbate disease as assessed through water consumption and animal behaviors (overall activity, climbing, grooming, and drinking) but had no effect on weight loss, macroscopic lesions, or eating behavior. Pathologic changes were typical for DSS treatment. Antibiotic treatment resulted in reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and decreased neutrophil adhesion and emigration in DSS-exposed mice. The results highlight the importance of clinical and behavioral assessments in addition to laboratory evaluation as tools to evaluate animal welfare and therapeutic efficacy in disease models. Data from this study suggest that azithromycin may convey some benefits in the mouse DSS colitis model through modulation of the immune response, including neutrophil migration into tissues, whereas metronidazole may exacerbate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Anderson
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joey S Lockhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trina M Hancock
- Animal Health Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas W Morck
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;,
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17
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Ahmed I, Roy BC, Raach RMT, Owens SM, Xia L, Anant S, Sampath V, Umar S. Enteric infection coupled with chronic Notch pathway inhibition alters colonic mucus composition leading to dysbiosis, barrier disruption and colitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206701. [PMID: 30383855 PMCID: PMC6211731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucus layer disruption and gut microflora modification in conjunction with tight junction (TJ) changes can increase colonic permeability that allows bacterial dissemination and intestinal and systemic disease. We showed previously that Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colonic crypt hyperplasia and/or colitis is regulated by a functional cross-talk between the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In the current study, mucus analysis in the colons of CR-infected (108 CFUs) and Notch blocker Dibenzazepine (DBZ, i.p.; 10μmol/Kg b.w.)-treated mice revealed significant alterations in the composition of trace O-glycans and complex type and hybrid N-glycans, compared to CR-infected mice alone that preceded/accompanied alterations in 16S rDNA microbial community structure and elevated EUB338 staining. While mucin-degrading bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) along with Enterobacteriaceae belonging to Proteobacteria phyla increased in the feces, antimicrobial peptides Angiogenin-4, Intelectin-1 and Intelectin-2, and ISC marker Dclk1, exhibited dramatic decreases in the colons of CR-infected/DBZ-treated mice. Also evident was a loss of TJ and adherens junction protein immuno-staining within the colonic crypts that negatively impacted paracellular barrier. These changes coincided with the loss of Notch signaling and exacerbation of mucosal injury. In response to a cocktail of antibiotics (Metronidazole/ciprofloxacin) for 10 days, there was increased survival that coincided with: i) decreased levels of Proteobacteria, ii) elevated Dclk1 levels in the crypt and, iii) reduced paracellular permeability. Thus, enteric infections that interfere with Notch activity may promote mucosal dysbiosis that is preceded by changes in mucus composition. Controlled use of antibiotics seems to alleviate gut dysbiosis but may be insufficient to promote colonic crypt regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Badal C. Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rita-Marie T. Raach
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Owens
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lijun Xia
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Qian L, Gao R, Hong L, Pan C, Li H, Huang J, Qin H. Association analysis of dietary habits with gut microbiota of a native Chinese community. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:856-866. [PMID: 30112040 PMCID: PMC6090428 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure, including a high-fat diet (HFD), contributes to the high prevalence of colorectal cancer by changing the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, data examining the interaction between dietary habits and intestinal microbiota of the Chinese population is sparse. We assessed dietary habits using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in native Chinese community volunteers. Based on the dietary fat content determined using the FFQ, the volunteers were divided into HFD group (≥40% of dietary calories came from fat) or low-fat diet (LFD) group (<40%). Fecal and colonic mucosal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rDNA based methods. In stool matter of HFD group, Prevotella and Abiotrophia showed significantly higher abundance, whereas unclassified genus of S24-7 (family level) of Bacteroidetes, Gemmiger, Akkermansia and Rothia were less abundant. On colonic mucosal tissue testing, unclassified genus of S24-7 showed significantly higher abundance while Bacteroides, Coprobacter, Abiotrophia, and Asteroleplasma were less abundant in HFD group. A high fat and low fiber diet in a native Chinese community may partially contribute to changes of intestinal microbiota composition that may potentially favor the onset and progression of gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leimin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Leiming Hong
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Pan
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Huanlong Qin, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Zhabei, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China, E-mail:
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19
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Lippert E, Ruemmele P, Obermeier F, Goelder S, Kunst C, Rogler G, Dunger N, Messmann H, Hartmann A, Endlicher E. Anthocyanins Prevent Colorectal Cancer Development in a Mouse Model. Digestion 2018; 95:275-280. [PMID: 28494451 DOI: 10.1159/000475524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the main leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Present data suggest that plant-derived anthocyanins have anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries on colorectal tumour development and growth in the administration of azoxymethan (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model. METHODS Colonic carcinogenesis was induced by AOM and DSS 3 or 5%, respectively, in 50 female Balb/c mice. Mice received either normal food (controls) or a diet containing either 10 or 1% anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract. Colonoscopy took place at week 4 and 9 after initiation of carcinogenesis. After termination at week 9, colon samples were analysed macroscopically and microscopically. RESULTS Mice receiving 10% anthocyanins showed significantly (p < 0.004) less reduced colon length (12.1 cm [8.5-14.4 cm]) as compared to controls (11.2 cm [9.8-12.3]) indicating less inflammation. Mice fed with 10% anthocyanin-rich extract revealed significantly less mean tumour numbers (n = 1.2) compared to control (n = 14) and anthocyanin 1% treated mice (n = 10.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anthocyanins prevented the formation and growth of colorectal cancer in AOM/DSS-treated Balb/c mice. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms of how anthocyanins influence the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lippert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Llewellyn SR, Britton GJ, Contijoch EJ, Vennaro OH, Mortha A, Colombel JF, Grinspan A, Clemente JC, Merad M, Faith JJ. Interactions Between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Intestinal Permeability and Colitis Severity in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1037-1046.e2. [PMID: 29174952 PMCID: PMC5847454 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and the intestinal microbiota affect development of mucosal inflammation or inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated interactions between dietary ingredients, nutrients, and the microbiota in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice given more than 40 unique diets; we quantified individual and synergistic effects of dietary macronutrients and the microbiota on intestinal health and development of colitis. METHODS C56BL/6J SPF and GF mice were placed on custom diets containing different concentrations and sources of protein, fat, digestible carbohydrates, and indigestible carbohydrates (fiber). After 1 week, SPF and GF mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. Disease severity was determined based on the percent weight change from baseline, and modeled as a function of the concentration of each macronutrient in the diet. In unchallenged mice, we measured intestinal permeability by feeding mice labeled dextran and measuring levels in blood. Feces were collected and microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We collected colons from mice and performed transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Fecal microbiota varied with diet; the concentration of protein and fiber had the strongest effect on colitis development. Among 9 fiber sources tested, psyllium, pectin, and cellulose fiber reduced the severity of colitis in SPF mice, whereas methylcellulose increased severity. Increasing dietary protein increased the density of the fecal microbiota and the severity of colitis in SPF mice, but not in GF mice or mice given antibiotics. Psyllium fiber reduced the severity of colitis through microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms. Combinatorial perturbations to dietary casein protein and psyllium fiber in parallel accounted for most variation in gut microbial density and intestinal permeability in unchallenged mice, as well as the severity of DSS-induced colitis; changes in 1 ingredient could be offset by changes in another. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of the effects of different dietary components and the gut microbiota on mice with and without DSS-induced colitis, we found complex mixtures of nutrients affect intestinal permeability, gut microbial density, and development of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Llewellyn
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Graham J. Britton
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Eduardo J. Contijoch
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Olivia H. Vennaro
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ari Grinspan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Miriam Merad
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jeremiah J. Faith
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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21
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Zhu W, Winter MG, Byndloss MX, Spiga L, Duerkop BA, Hughes ER, Büttner L, de Lima Romão E, Behrendt CL, Lopez CA, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Huff-Hardy K, Wilson RP, Gillis CC, Tükel Ç, Koh AY, Burstein E, Hooper LV, Bäumler AJ, Winter SE. Precision editing of the gut microbiota ameliorates colitis. Nature 2018; 553:208-211. [PMID: 29323293 DOI: 10.1038/nature25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are frequently associated with dysbiosis, characterized by changes in gut microbial communities that include an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (phylum Proteobacteria). Here we show that a dysbiotic expansion of Enterobacteriaceae during gut inflammation could be prevented by tungstate treatment, which selectively inhibited molybdenum-cofactor-dependent microbial respiratory pathways that are operational only during episodes of inflammation. By contrast, we found that tungstate treatment caused minimal changes in the microbiota composition under homeostatic conditions. Notably, tungstate-mediated microbiota editing reduced the severity of intestinal inflammation in mouse models of colitis. We conclude that precision editing of the microbiota composition by tungstate treatment ameliorates the adverse effects of dysbiosis in the inflamed gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Breck A Duerkop
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Büttner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Everton de Lima Romão
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Christopher A Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Luis Sifuentes-Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kayci Huff-Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 75390, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - R Paul Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 75390, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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22
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Osaka T, Moriyama E, Arai S, Date Y, Yagi J, Kikuchi J, Tsuneda S. Meta-Analysis of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites in Experimental Colitic Mice during the Inflammatory and Healing Phases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121329. [PMID: 29211010 PMCID: PMC5748779 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of gut microbiota is known to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease, but it remains unknown whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of chronic gut inflammation. In order to investigate the effects of gut inflammation on microbiota and metabolome, the sequential changes in gut microbiota and metabolites from the onset of colitis to the recovery in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitic mice were characterized by using meta 16S rRNA sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Mice in the colitis progression phase showed the transient expansions of two bacterial families including Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and the depletion of major gut commensal bacteria belonging to the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. After the initiation of the recovery, commensal Lactobacillus members promptly predominated in gut while other normally abundant bacteria excluding the Erysipelotrichaceae remained diminished. Furthermore, 1H-NMR analysis revealed characteristic fluctuations in fecal levels of organic acids (lactate and succinate) associated with the disease states. In conclusion, acute intestinal inflammation is a perturbation factor of gut microbiota but alters the intestinal environments suitable for Lactobacillus members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Osaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Eri Moriyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Arai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Junji Yagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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23
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Xu C, Ghali S, Wang J, Shih DQ, Ortiz C, Mussatto CC, Lee EC, Tran DH, Jacobs JP, Lagishetty V, Fleshner P, Robbins L, Vu M, Hing TC, McGovern DPB, Koon HW. CSA13 inhibits colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis via a formyl peptide receptor like-1 mediated HMG-CoA reductase pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16351. [PMID: 29180648 PMCID: PMC5703874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Crohn’s disease (CD) patients develop intestinal strictures, which are difficult to prevent and treat. Cationic steroid antimicrobial 13 (CSA13) shares cationic nature and antimicrobial function with antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. As many functions of cathelicidin are mediated through formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1), we hypothesize that CSA13 mediates anti-fibrogenic effects via FPRL1. Human intestinal biopsies were used in clinical data analysis. Chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis mouse model with the administration of CSA13 was used. Colonic FPRL1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the histology scores of inflammatory bowel disease patients. In CD patients, colonic FPRL1 mRNA was positively correlated with intestinal stricture. CSA13 administration ameliorated intestinal fibrosis without influencing intestinal microbiota. Inhibition of FPRL1, but not suppression of intestinal microbiota, reversed these protective effects of CSA13. Metabolomic analysis indicated increased fecal mevalonate levels in the TNBS-treated mice, which were reduced by the CSA13 administration. CSA13 inhibited colonic HMG-CoA reductase activity in an FPRL1-dependent manner. Mevalonate reversed the anti-fibrogenic effect of CSA13. The increased colonic FPRL1 expression is associated with severe mucosal disease activity and intestinal stricture. CSA13 inhibits intestinal fibrosis via FPRL1-dependent modulation of HMG-CoA reductase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sally Ghali
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiani Wang
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Christina Ortiz
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Caroline C Mussatto
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Diana H Tran
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lori Robbins
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Michelle Vu
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Tressia C Hing
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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24
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Markovic BS, Milosavljevic N, Arsenijevic A, Gazdic M, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Bacterial Flora Play Important Roles in Acute Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis But Are Not Involved in Gal-3 Dependent Modulation of Colon Inflammation. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An altered immune response to normal gut microflora is important for the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Galectin- 3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous lectin that plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of acute colitis by promoting activation of the NLRP3 infl ammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages. By using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis, a well-established animal model of UC, we determined whether Gal-3 affects the function of colon infiltrating macrophages by interfering with intestinal microfl ora. Our results showed that genetic deletion of Gal-3 significantly attenuates DSS-induced colitis by down-regulating infiltration of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) in colon tissue of DSS-treated mice, and this correlated with differences in bacterial flora of the gut. Antibiotic treatment attenuates DSS-induced colitis in WT and Gal-3-/- mice without affecting differences between the groups. In conclusion, Gram negative bacterial flora play an important role in DSS-induced acute colitis of mice but are not involved in Gal-3 dependent modulation of colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Neda Milosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
- 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac , Serbia
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25
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Ghasemi-Pirbaluti M, Motaghi E, Bozorgi H. The effect of menthol on acute experimental colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:101-107. [PMID: 28322843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Menthol is an aromatic compound with high antiinflammatory activity. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of menthol on acetic acid induced acute colitis in rats. Animals were injected with menthol (20 and 50 and 80mg/kg, i.p.) 24h prior to induction of colitis for 3 consecutive days. Menthol at medium and higher doses similar to dexamethasone as a reference drug significantly reduced body weight loss, macroscopic damage score, ulcer area, colon weight, colon length and improved hematocrit in rats with colitis. The histopathological examination also confirmed anti-colitic effects of menthol. Menthol also reduced significantly the colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in inflamed colons. Thus, the findings of the current study provide evidence that menthol may be beneficial in patients suffering from acute ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Motaghi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Homan Bozorgi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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26
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Carr JS, King S, Dekaney CM. Depletion of enteric bacteria diminishes leukocyte infiltration following doxorubicin-induced small intestinal damage in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173429. [PMID: 28257503 PMCID: PMC5336284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims While enteric bacteria have been shown to play a critical role in other forms of intestinal damage, their role in mediating the response to the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (Doxo) is unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of intestinal bacterial depletion to evaluate the role enteric bacteria play in mediating Doxo-induced small intestinal damage and, more specifically, in mediating chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration following Doxo treatment. An understanding of this pathway may allow for development of intervention strategies to reduce chemotherapy-induced small intestinal damage. Methods Mice were treated with (Abx) or without (NoAbx) oral antibiotics in drinking water for four weeks and then with Doxo. Jejunal tissues were collected at various time points following Doxo treatment and stained and analyzed for apoptosis, crypt damage and restitution, and macrophage and neutrophil number. In addition, RNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL1-β, IL-10) and cytokines (CCL2, CC7, KC) was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results In NoAbx mice Doxo-induced damage was associated with rapid induction of apoptosis in jejunal crypt epithelium and an increase weight loss and crypt loss. In addition, we observed an increase in immune-modulating chemokines CCL2, CCL7 and KC and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. In contrast, while still positive for induction of apoptosis following Doxo treatment, Abx mice showed neither the overall weight loss nor crypt loss seen in NoAbx mice nor the increased chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion Enteric bacteria play a critical role in Doxo-induced small intestinal damage and are associated with an increase in immune-modulating chemokines and cells. Manipulation of enteric bacteria or the damage pathway may allow for prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced small intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn S. Carr
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie King
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Gadaleta RM, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Moschetta A. Exploration of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice: Chemically Induced Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:13-28. [PMID: 28252200 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disorder characterized by periods of activation and remission of intestinal inflammation, with potentially severe complications, that can lead to mortality. Experimental animal models of intestinal inflammation are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two major human IBD phenotypes. Animal models have been instrumental in unveiling the molecular background of IBD, and although a single model is not able to capture the complexity of this disease, each of them provided valuable insight into its different aspects. Chemically induced models of intestinal inflammation, mainly dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, are widely used. This article describes DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis models and their relevance to IBD pathophysiology and pre-clinical therapeutic management. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Moschetta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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28
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Taya S, Kakehashi A, Wongpoomchai R, Gi M, Ishii N, Wanibuchi H. Preventive Effects of Spirogyra neglecta and a Polysaccharide Extract against Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis in Mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:2235-45. [PMID: 27221924 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinya Taya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan E-mail : wani@ med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
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29
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de Bruyn M, Vandooren J, Ugarte-Berzal E, Arijs I, Vermeire S, Opdenakker G. The molecular biology of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel diseases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:295-358. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1199535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Bang B, Lichtenberger LM. Methods of Inducing Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 72:5.58.1-5.58.42. [PMID: 26995548 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph0558s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are useful for understanding more about the mechanistic basis of the disease, identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention, and testing novel therapeutics. This unit provides detailed protocols for five widely used mouse models of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation: chemical induction of colitis by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), hapten-induced colitis via 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), Helicobacter-induced colitis in mdr1a(-/-) mice, the CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) SCID transfer colitis model, and the IL-10(-/-) colitis model. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungwook Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lenard M Lichtenberger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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31
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Quantitative Analysis of Intestinal Flora of Uygur and Han Ethnic Chinese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2016:9186232. [PMID: 26839545 PMCID: PMC4709672 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9186232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the correlation between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis by analyzing the abundance of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the intestinal of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and healthy controls with Uygur and Han ethnic. Methods. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and analyzed with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the abundance of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Results. The samples from UC patients, Uygur and Han ethnic combined, had higher abundance of Bacteroides (P = 0.026) but lower Clostridium (P = 0.004), Bifidobacterium spp. (P = 0.009), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.008) than those from healthy controls. Among UC patients, Bacteroides population was raised in acute UC patients (P ≤ 0.05), while the abundance of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium spp., Fusobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the remission. In both UC patients group and control group, no difference was observed in the abundance of these 5 bacteria between the Han and the Uygur group. Conclusions. Variations in the abundance of these five bacterial strains in intestines may be associated with the occurrence of UC in Uygur and Han populations; however, these variations were not associated with ethnic difference.
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Lee HA, Bong YJ, Kim H, Jeong JK, Kim HY, Lee KW, Park KY. Effect of NanometricLactobacillus plantarumin Kimchi on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Lee
- Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Bong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Kang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
Complex mechanisms are pulling the strings to initiate the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Current evidence indicates that an interaction of genetic susceptibilities (polymorphisms), environmental factors, and the host microbiota leads to a dysregulation of the mucosal immune system. In the past decades, the interleukin-10-deficient mouse has served as an excellent model to mirror the multifactorial nature of this disease. Here, we want to review in detail the interplay of the genetic factors, immune aspects, and especially summarize and discuss the role of the microbiota contributing to colitis development in the interleukin-10-deficient mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease as a multihit model.
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Suzuki N, Murata-Kamiya N, Yanagiya K, Suda W, Hattori M, Kanda H, Bingo A, Fujii Y, Maeda S, Koike K, Hatakeyama M. Mutual reinforcement of inflammation and carcinogenesis by the Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10024. [PMID: 25944120 PMCID: PMC4421872 DOI: 10.1038/srep10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strain delivers the CagA oncoprotein into gastric epithelial cells and at the same time elicits stomach inflammation. To experimentally investigate the pathophysiological interplay between CagA and inflammation, transgenic mice systemically expressing the bacterial cagA gene were treated with a colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Compared with control mice, DSS-induced colitis was markedly deteriorated in cagA-transgenic mice. In the colonic epithelia of cagA-transgenic mice, there was a substantial decrease in the level of IκB, which binds and sequesters NF-κB in the cytoplasm. This IκB reduction was due to CagA-mediated inhibition of PAR1, which may stimulate IκB degradation by perturbing microtubule stability. Whereas the CagA-mediated IκB reduction did not automatically activate NF-κB, it lowered the threshold of NF-κB activation by inflammogenic insults, thereby contributing to colitis exacerbation in cagA-transgenic mice. CagA also activates inflammasomes independently of NF-κB signaling, which further potentiates inflammation. The incidence of colonic dysplasia was elevated in DSS-treated cagA-transgenic mice due to a robust increase in the number of pre-cancerous flat-type dysplasias. Thus, CagA deteriorated inflammation, whereas inflammation strengthened the oncogenic potential of CagA. This work revealed that H. pylori CagA and inflammation reinforce each other in creating a downward spiral that instigates neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumi Suzuki
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yanagiya
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Bingo
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Fujii
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Intestinales Mikrobiom und chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen: Feindschaft oder Freundschaft? GASTROENTEROLOGE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11377-014-0963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Henderson AL, Brand MW, Darling RJ, Maas KJ, Detzel CJ, Hostetter J, Wannemuehler MJ, Weaver EM. Attenuation of Colitis by Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/Protein Isolate in a Defined Microbiota Mouse Model. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3293-303. [PMID: 26026602 PMCID: PMC4621698 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and multifaceted including genetic predisposition, environmental components, microbial dysbiosis, and inappropriate immune activation to microbial components. Pathogenic bacterial provocateurs like adherent and invasive E. coli have been reported to increase susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is comprised primarily of immunoglobulins (Igs) that bind to conserved microbial components and neutralize exotoxins. AIM To demonstrate that oral administration of SBI may modulate mucosal inflammation following colonization with E. coli, LF82, and exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). METHODS Defined microbiota mice harboring the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) were administered SBI or hydrolyzed collagen twice daily starting 7 days prior to challenge with E. coli LF82 and continuing for the remainder of the experiment. Mice were treated with DSS for 7 days and then evaluated for evidence of local and peripheral inflammation. RESULTS Igs within SBI bound multiple antigens from all eight members of the ASF and E. coli LF82 by western blot analysis. Multiple parameters of LF82/DSS-induced colitis were reduced following administration of SBI, including histological lesion scores, secretion of cytokines and chemokines from cecal biopsies, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and serum amyloid A from plasma. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of SBI attenuated clinical signs of LF82/DSS-induced colitis in mice. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that SBI immunoglobulin binding of bacterial antigens in the intestinal lumen may inhibit the inflammatory cascades that contribute to IBD, thus attenuating DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Wymore Brand
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Ross J. Darling
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Kenneth J. Maas
- />Entera Health, Inc., 2575 SE Oak Tree Ct., Ankeny, IA 50023 USA , />Entera Health, Inc., Cary, NC 27518 USA
| | | | - Jesse Hostetter
- />Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Eric M. Weaver
- />Entera Health, Inc., 2575 SE Oak Tree Ct., Ankeny, IA 50023 USA
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Mashukova A, Kozhekbaeva Z, Forteza R, Dulam V, Figueroa Y, Warren R, Salas PJ. The BAG-1 isoform BAG-1M regulates keratin-associated Hsp70 chaperoning of aPKC in intestinal cells during activation of inflammatory signaling. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3568-77. [PMID: 24876225 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.151084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical PKC (ι/λ and ζ; hereafter referred to as aPKC) is a key player in the acquisition of epithelial polarity and participates in other signaling cascades including the control of NF-κB signaling. This kinase is post-translationally regulated through Hsp70-mediated refolding. Previous work has shown that such a chaperoning activity is specifically localized to keratin intermediate filaments. Our work was performed with the goal of identifying the molecule(s) that block Hsp70 activity on keratin filaments during inflammation. A transcriptional screen allowed us to focus on BAG-1, a multi-functional protein that assists Hsp70 in nucleotide exchange but also blocks its activity at higher concentrations. We found the BAG-1 isoform BAG-1M upregulated threefold in human Caco-2 cells following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor receptor α (TNFα) to induce a pro-inflammatory response, and up to sixfold in mouse enterocytes following treatment with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. BAG-1M, but no other isoform, was found to co-purify with intermediate filaments and block Hsp70 activity in the keratin fraction but not in the soluble fraction within the range of concentrations found in epithelial cells cultured under control and inflammation conditions. Constitutive expression of BAG-1M decreased levels of phosphorylated aPKC. By contrast, knockdown of BAG-1, blocked the TNFα-induced decrease of phosphorylated aPKC. We conclude that BAG-1M mediates Hsp70 inhibition downstream of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mashukova
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Physiology, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhanna Kozhekbaeva
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Radia Forteza
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vipin Dulam
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yolanda Figueroa
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert Warren
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pedro J Salas
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Jones-Hall YL, Grisham MB. Immunopathological characterization of selected mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease: Comparison to human disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:267-88. [PMID: 24935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing conditions of multifactorial etiology. The two primary diseases of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both entities are hypothesized to occur in genetically susceptible individuals due to microbial alterations and environmental contributions. The exact etiopathogenesis, however, is not known for either disease. A variety of mouse models of CD and UC have been developed to investigate the pathogenesis of these diseases and evaluate treatment modalities. Broadly speaking, the mouse models can be divided into 4 categories: genetically engineered, immune manipulated, spontaneous and erosive/chemically induced. No one mouse model completely recapitulates the immunopathology of CD or UC, however each model possesses particular similarities to human IBD and offers advantageous for specific details of IBD pathogenesis. Here we discuss the more commonly used models in each category and critically evaluate how the immunopathology induced compares to CD or UC, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yava L Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - Matthew B Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
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Vong LB, Yoshitomi T, Morikawa K, Saito S, Matsui H, Nagasaki Y. Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:806-13. [PMID: 23715850 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. Colitis was induced in mice by supplementing DSS in drinking water for 7 days, and RNP(O) was orally administered daily during DSS treatment. The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) was observed in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. RNP(O) may become an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Binh Vong
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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Colonic expression of the peptide transporter PEPT1 is downregulated during intestinal inflammation and is not required for NOD2-dependent immune activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:671-84. [PMID: 24583477 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000443336.71488.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEPT1 was proposed to be expressed only in inflamed colonic tissues in which it could contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development by transporting bacterial peptides, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that activate intracellular pattern recognition receptors, such as the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2. To better define the pathological relevance of this transporter, we analyzed PEPT1 expression during intestinal inflammation and studied the susceptibility of Pept1-deficient (Pept1) mice to experimental colitis. METHODS Wild-type and Pept1 mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce colitis, and MDP-induced cytokine expression was studied in colonic tissue cultures. PEPT1 expression was characterized in mouse models of Crohn's disease-like ileitis (Tnf) or colitis (Il-10, Il-10XTlr2) and endoscopic tissue samples from descending colon of patients with IBD (n = 11) and controls (n = 17). Moreover, the prevalence of the PEPT1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2297322 was tested in German patients with IBD (n = 458) and controls (n = 452). RESULTS PEPT1 expression was consistently reduced under condition of acute or chronic experimental inflammation. Wild-type and Pept1 mice revealed comparable susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, and MDP-induced cytokine expression was PEPT1-independent. PEPT1 expression levels were also decreased in descending colon of patients with IBD during acute inflammation, but the rs2297322 single-nucleotide polymorphism was not associated with IBD susceptibility in the German cohort. CONCLUSIONS PEPT1 expression is reduced during intestinal inflammation and PEPT1 is neither required for MDP-induced immune response nor is the PEPT1 rs2297322 single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with IBD susceptibility in our German cohort. These data strongly argue against a primary role of PEPT1 in the initiation or progression of IBD.
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Gkouskou KK, Deligianni C, Tsatsanis C, Eliopoulos AG. The gut microbiota in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:28. [PMID: 24616886 PMCID: PMC3937555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine and the intestinal immune system have evolved through a symbiotic homeostasis under which a highly diverse microbial flora is maintained in the gastrointestinal tract while pathogenic bacteria are recognized and eliminated. Disruption of the balance between the immune system and the gut microbiota results in the development of multiple pathologies in humans. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been associated with alterations in the composition of intestinal flora but whether these changes are causal or result of inflammation is still under dispute. Various chemical and genetic models of IBD have been developed and utilized to elucidate the complex relationship between intestinal epithelium, immune system and the gut microbiota. In this review we describe some of the most commonly used mouse models of colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) and summarize the current knowledge of how changes in microbiota composition may affect intestinal disease pathogenesis. The pursuit of gut-microbiota interactions will no doubt continue to provide invaluable insight into the complex biology of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi K Gkouskou
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece ; Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Deligianni
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece ; Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Crete Medical School Heraklion, Greece ; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH Heraklion, Greece
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Vogelzang A, McGuire HM, Liu SM, Gloss B, Mercado K, Earls P, Dinger ME, Batten M, Sprent J, King C. IL-21 contributes to fatal inflammatory disease in the absence of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1404-14. [PMID: 24446516 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-21 has been shown to influence immune responses through both costimulatory effects on effector T cells and opposing inhibitory effects on T regulatory cells (Tregs). To distinguish the effect of IL-21 on the immune system from that of its effect on Tregs, we analyzed the role of IL-21/IL-21R signaling in mice made genetically deficient in IL-2, which exhibit a deficit in IL-2-dependent Foxp3 regulatory T cells and suffer from a fatal multiorgan inflammatory disease. Our findings demonstrate that in the absence of IL-21/IL-21R signaling, Il2(-/-) mice retained a deficiency in Tregs yet exhibited a reduced and delayed inflammatory disease. The improved health of Il2(-/-)Il21r(-/-) mice was reflected in reduced pancreatitis and hemolytic anemia and this was associated with distinct changes in lymphocyte effector populations, including the reduced expansion of both T follicular helper cells and Th17 cells and a compensatory increase in IL-22 in the absence of IL-21R. IL-21/IL-21R interactions were also important for the expansion of effector and memory CD8(+) T cells, which were critical for the development of pancreatitis in Il2(-/-) mice. These findings demonstrate that IL-21 is a major target of immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vogelzang
- Department of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Shay JES, Imtiyaz HZ, Sivanand S, Durham AC, Skuli N, Hsu S, Mucaj V, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Krock BL, Giannoukos DN, Simon MC. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factors limits tumor progression in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1067-77. [PMID: 24408928 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) accumulate in both neoplastic and inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment and impact the progression of a variety of diseases, including colorectal cancer. Pharmacological HIF inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. We show here that acriflavine (ACF), a naturally occurring compound known to repress HIF transcriptional activity, halts the progression of an autochthonous model of established colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) in immunocompetent mice. ACF treatment resulted in decreased tumor number, size and advancement (based on histopathological scoring) of CAC. Moreover, ACF treatment corresponded with decreased macrophage infiltration and vascularity in colorectal tumors. Importantly, ACF treatment inhibited the hypoxic induction of M-CSFR, as well as the expression of the angiogenic factor (vascular endothelial growth factor), a canonical HIF target, with little to no impact on the Nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages. These effects probably explain the observed in vivo phenotypes. Finally, an allograft tumor model further confirmed that ACF treatment inhibits tumor growth through HIF-dependent mechanisms. These results suggest pharmacological HIF inhibition in multiple cell types, including epithelial and innate immune cells, significantly limits tumor growth and progression.
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Heat-killed VSL#3 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 15:15-28. [PMID: 24451125 PMCID: PMC3907795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of heat-killed VSL#3 (B. breve, B. longum and B. infantis; L. plantarum, L. bulgaricus, L. casei and L. acidophilus; S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus) therapy in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis in rats. Acute experimental colitis was induced in rats by 5% DSS and freely drink for seven days. Beginning on Day 8, rats underwent gavage once daily for seven days with heat-killed probiotic VSL#3 (0.6 g/kg/day), colonic damage was evaluated histologically and biochemically seven days after gavage. Expression of inflammatory related mediators (STAT3, P-STAT3) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, TGFβ) in colonic tissue were detected. The results revealed that heat-killed and live VSL#3 have identical anti-inflammatory properties by the assessed DAI (disease activity index), colon length, histological tissue and MPO activity. Heat-killed and live VSL#3 results in reduced IL-6, IL-23, TGFβ, STAT3 and P-STAT3 expression in colonic tissue. Heat-killed and live VSL#3 have showed the similar anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the DSS-induced acute experimental colitis in rats.
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45
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Abstract
Animal models of human disease are a critical tool in both basic research and drug development. The results of preclinical efficacy studies often inform progression of therapeutic candidates through the drug development pipeline; however, the extent to which results in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models predict human drug response is an ongoing concern. This review discusses how murine models are currently being used in IBD research. We focus on the considerations and caveats for commonly used models in preclinical efficacy studies and discuss the value of models that utilize specific pathogenic pathways of interest rather than model all aspects of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason DeVoss
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
The human colon plays host to a diverse and metabolically complex community of microorganisms. While the colonic microbiome has been suggested to contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), a definitive link has not been made. The role in which the colon microflora could contribute to the initiation and/or progression of CRC is explored in this review. Potential mechanisms of bacterial oncogenesis are presented, along with lines of evidence derived from animal models of microbially induced CRC. Particular focus is given to the oncogenic capabilities of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Recent progress in defining the microbiome of CRC in the human population is evaluated, and the future challenges of linking specific etiologic agents to CRC are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dejea
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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47
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Eriksson M, Johannssen T, von Smolinski D, Gruber AD, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B. The C-Type Lectin Receptor SIGNR3 Binds to Fungi Present in Commensal Microbiota and Influences Immune Regulation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:196. [PMID: 23882266 PMCID: PMC3712271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition of acute and chronic inflammation of the gut. An important factor contributing to pathogenesis is a dysregulated mucosal immunity against commensal bacteria and fungi. Host pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) sense commensals in the gut and are involved in maintaining the balance between controlled responses to pathogens and overwhelming innate immune activation. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs recognizing glycan structures on pathogens and self-antigens. Here we examined the role of the murine CLR specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin homolog-related 3 (SIGNR3) in the recognition of commensals and its involvement in intestinal immunity. SIGNR3 is the closest murine homolog of the human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor recognizing similar carbohydrate ligands such as terminal fucose or high-mannose glycans. We discovered that SIGNR3 recognizes fungi present in the commensal microbiota. To analyze whether this interaction impacts the intestinal immunity against microbiota, the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model was employed. SIGNR3−/− mice exhibited an increased weight loss associated with more severe colitis symptoms compared to wild-type control mice. The increased inflammation in SIGNR3−/− mice was accompanied by a higher level of TNF-α in colon. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that SIGNR3 recognizes intestinal fungi and has an immune regulatory role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Eriksson
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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Dong F, Zhang L, Hao F, Tang H, Wang Y. Systemic responses of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis using 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2958-66. [PMID: 23651354 DOI: 10.1021/pr4002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between genetic mutation and environmental factors is believed to contribute to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While focused attention has been paid to the aforementioned research, time-specific and organ-specific metabolic changes associated with IBD are still lacking. Here, we induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice by providing water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and investigated the metabolic changes of plasma, urine, and a range of biological tissues by employing a (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics approach with complementary information on serum clinical chemistry and histopathology. We found that DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis leads to significant elevations in the levels of amino acids in plasma and decreased levels in the membrane-related metabolites and a range of nucleotides, nucleobases, and nucleosides in the colon. In addition, acute-colitis-induced elevations in the levels of nucleotides in the liver were observed, accompanied by reduced levels of glucose. DSS-induced acute colitis also resulted in increased levels of oxidized glutathione and attenuated levels of taurine in the spleen. Furthermore, acute colitis resulted in depletion in the levels of gut microbial cometabolites in urine along with an increase in citric acid cycle intermediates. These findings suggest that DSS-induced acute colitis causes a disturbance of lipid and energy metabolism, damage to the colon and liver, a promoted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory response, and perturbed gut microbiotal communities. The information obtained here provided details of the time-dependent and holistic metabolic changes in the development of the DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis, which could be useful in discovery of novel therapeutic targets for management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Toumi R, Abdelouhab K, Rafa H, Soufli I, Raissi-Kerboua D, Djeraba Z, Touil-Boukoffa C. Beneficial role of the probiotic mixture Ultrabiotique on maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier in DSS-induced experimental colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:403-9. [PMID: 23638770 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.790413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease has not yet been clarified. Several hypotheses suggest a change in composition of gut microflora along with an impaired mucosal barrier that lead to excessive mucosal immunologic responses. Increased production of nitric oxide (NO) contributes greatly to the tissue injury caused by chronic inflammation. Evidence indicates that the mucus layer covering the epithelium is altered during UC and experimental colitis. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of probiotic during DSS-induced colitis by modulating the immune system and colonic mucus production. For that purpose, the probiotic formulation Ultrabiotique(®) (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium breve) was administered daily for 7 d to mice with colitis. Probiotic supplementation improved clinical symptoms and histological alterations observed during DSS induced colitis. Ultrabiotique(®) treatment down regulated the NO production by peritoneal macrophages of DSS-treated mice and enhanced mucus production in both DSS-treated and healthy mice. In conclusion, the modification of microflora by the Ultrabiotique(®) played a beneficial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and promoted tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Toumi
- USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Faculty of Biological Science, Algiers, Algeria
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50
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Patel M, Olinde J, Tatum A, Ganta CV, Cromer WE, Sheth AR, Jennings MH, Mathis JM, Testerman T, Jordan PA, Manas K, Monceaux CP, Alexander JS. Gut sterilization in experimental colitis leukocyte mediated colon injury, and effects on angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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