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Gao X, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Han Y, Jia R, Zhang W. Effects of myeloperoxidase on inflammatory responses with hypoxia in Citrobacter rodentium-infectious mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1157. [PMID: 38415976 PMCID: PMC10836036 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been identified as a mediator in various inflammatory diseases. Bacterial infection of the intestine and hypoxia can both lead to inflammatory responses, but the role of MPO in these phenomena remains unclear. METHODS By building the MPO-/- mice, we evaluated relevant inflammatory factors and tissue damage in mice with intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection and hypoxia. The body weight and excreted microorganisms were monitored. Intestinal tissues were collected 7 days after bacterial infection under hypoxia to undergo haematoxylin-eosin staining and assess the degree of pathological damage. ELISA assays were performed to quantify the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β inflammatory cytokines. PCR, WB, and IF assays were conducted to determine the expression of chemokines MCP1, MIP2, and KC in the colon and spleen. RESULTS The C. rodentium infection and hypoxia caused weight loss, intestinal colitis, and splenic inflammatory cells active proliferation in wild-type mice. MPO deficiency alleviated this phenomenon. MPO-/- mice also displayed a significant decline in bacteria clearing ability. The level of TNF-α in the serum and spleen was both lower in MPO-/- hypoxia C. rodentium-infected mice than that in wild-type mice. The chemokines expression levels of MIP2, KC, and MCP1 in the spleen and colon of each bacterial infected group were significantly increased (p < .05), while in hypoxia, the factors in the spleen and colon were decreased (p < .05). MPO deficiency was found to lower the levels of these chemokines compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSION MPO plays an important role of the inflammatory responses in infectious enteritis and hypoxia in mice, and the loss of MPO may greatly reduce the body's inflammatory responses to fight diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Research Centre for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- The Key Laboratory of High‐Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Research Centre for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- The Key Laboratory of High‐Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Research Centre for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- The Key Laboratory of High‐Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Ruhan Jia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Research Centre for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- The Key Laboratory of High‐Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Research Centre for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
- The Key Laboratory of High‐Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina
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Xu D, Zhou S, Liu Y, Scott AL, Yang J, Wan F. Complement in breast milk modifies offspring gut microbiota to promote infant health. Cell 2024; 187:750-763.e20. [PMID: 38242132 PMCID: PMC10872564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing nourishment and immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota. Although it has been appreciated for decades that breast milk contains complement components, the physiological relevance of complement in breast milk remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that weanling mice fostered by complement-deficient dams rapidly succumb when exposed to murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR), whereas pups fostered on complement-containing milk from wild-type dams can tolerate CR challenge. The complement components in breast milk were shown to directly lyse specific members of gram-positive gut commensal microbiota via a C1-dependent, antibody-independent mechanism, resulting in the deposition of the membrane attack complex and subsequent bacterial lysis. By selectively eliminating members of the commensal gut community, complement components from breast milk shape neonate and infant gut microbial composition to be protective against environmental pathogens such as CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Bowser S, Melton-Celsa A, Chapartegui-González I, Torres AG. Efficacy of EHEC gold nanoparticle vaccines evaluated with the Shiga toxin-producing Citrobacter rodentium mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0226123. [PMID: 38047703 PMCID: PMC10783022 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02261-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) remains an important cause of diarrheal disease and complications worldwide, especially in children, yet there are no available vaccines for human use. Inadequate pre-clinical evaluation due to inconsistent animal models remains a major barrier to novel vaccine development. We demonstrate the usefulness of Stx2d-producing Citrobacter rodentium in assessing vaccine effectiveness because it more closely recapitulates human disease caused by EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bowser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Melton-Celsa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Itziar Chapartegui-González
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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4
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Latour YL, McNamara KM, Allaman MM, Barry DP, Smith TM, Asim M, Williams KJ, Hawkins CV, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Myeloid deletion of talin-1 reduces mucosal macrophages and protects mice from colonic inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22368. [PMID: 38102166 PMCID: PMC10724268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune response is crucial in maintaining a healthy gut, but the enhanced migration of macrophages in response to pathogens is a major contributor to disease pathogenesis. Integrins are ubiquitously expressed cellular receptors that are highly involved in immune cell adhesion to endothelial cells while in the circulation and help facilitate extravasation into tissues. Here we show that specific deletion of the Tln1 gene encoding the protein talin-1, an integrin-activating scaffold protein, from cells of the myeloid lineage using the Lyz2-cre driver mouse reduces epithelial damage, attenuates colitis, downregulates the expression of macrophage markers, decreases the number of differentiated colonic mucosal macrophages, and diminishes the presence of CD68-positive cells in the colonic mucosa of mice infected with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Bone marrow-derived macrophages lacking expression of Tln1 did not exhibit a cell-autonomous phenotype; there was no impaired proinflammatory gene expression, nitric oxide production, phagocytic ability, or surface expression of CD11b, CD86, or major histocompatibility complex II in response to C. rodentium. Thus, we demonstrate that talin-1 plays a role in the manifestation of infectious colitis by increasing mucosal macrophages, with an effect that is independent of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline V Hawkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Peña-Díaz J, Woodward SE, Creus-Cuadros A, Serapio-Palacios A, Ortiz-Jiménez S, Deng W, Finlay BB. Quorum sensing modulates bacterial virulence and colonization dynamics of the gastrointestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2267189. [PMID: 37842938 PMCID: PMC10580866 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2267189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) is a form of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to modify behavior according to their population density. While QS has been proposed as a potential intervention against pathogen infection, QS-mediated communication within the mammalian digestive tract remains understudied. Using an LC-MS/MS approach, we discovered that Citrobacter rodentium, a natural murine pathogen used to model human infection by pathogenic Escherichia coli, utilizes the CroIR system to produce three QS-molecules. We then profiled their accumulation both in vitro and across different gastrointestinal sites over the course of infection. Importantly, we found that in the absence of QS capabilities the virulence of C. rodentium is enhanced. This highlights the role of QS as an effective mechanism to regulate virulence according to the pathogen's spatio-temporal context to optimize colonization and transmission success. These results also demonstrate that inhibiting QS may not always be an effective strategy for the control of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Peña-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Creus-Cuadros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonio Serapio-Palacios
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ortiz-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Wanyin Deng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Cremin M, Tay EXY, Ramirez VT, Murray K, Nichols RK, Brust-Mascher I, Reardon C. TRPV1 controls innate immunity during Citrobacter rodentium enteric infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011576. [PMID: 38109366 PMCID: PMC10758261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is critical to host protection from enteric pathogens and must be carefully controlled to prevent immunopathology. Regulation of immune responses can occur through a diverse range of mechanisms including bi-directional communication with neurons. Among which include specialized sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli due to the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) ion channel and have a significant role in the coordination of host-protective responses to enteric bacterial pathogens. Here we have used the mouse-adapted attaching and effacing pathogen Citrobacter rodentium to assess the specific role of TRPV1 in coordinating the host response. TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1-/-) mice had a significantly higher C. rodentium burden in the distal colon and fecal pellets compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Increased bacterial burden was correlated with significantly increased colonic crypt hyperplasia and proliferating intestinal epithelial cells in TRPV1-/- mice compared to WT. Despite the increased C. rodentium burden and histopathology, the recruitment of colonic T cells producing IFNγ, IL-17, or IL-22 was similar between TRPV1-/- and WT mice. In evaluating the innate immune response, we identified that colonic neutrophil recruitment in C. rodentium infected TRPV1-/- mice was significantly reduced compared to WT mice; however, this was independent of neutrophil development and maturation within the bone marrow compartment. TRPV1-/- mice were found to have significantly decreased expression of the neutrophil-specific chemokine Cxcl6 and the adhesion molecules Icam1 in the distal colon compared to WT mice. Corroborating these findings, a significant reduction in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but not MAdCAM-1 protein on the surface of colonic blood endothelial cells from C. rodentium infected TRPV1-/- mice compared to WT was observed. These findings demonstrate the critical role of TRPV1 in regulating the host protective responses to enteric bacterial pathogens, and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cremin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie T. Ramirez
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rene K. Nichols
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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7
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Fleming DS, Liu F, Li RW. Differential Correlation of Transcriptome Data Reveals Gene Pairs and Pathways Involved in Treatment of Citrobacter rodentium Infection with Bioactive Punicalagin. Molecules 2023; 28:7369. [PMID: 37959788 PMCID: PMC10650703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is part of the work investigating bioactive fruit enzymes as sustainable alternatives to parasite anthelmintics that can help reverse the trend of lost efficacy. The study looked to define biological and molecular interactions that demonstrate the ability of the pomegranate extract punicalagin against intracellular parasites. The study compared transcriptomic reads of two distinct conditions. Condition A was treated with punicalagin (PA) and challenged with Citrobacter rodentium, while condition B (CM) consisted of a group that was challenged and given mock treatment of PBS. To understand the effect of punicalagin on transcriptomic changes between conditions, a differential correlation analysis was conducted. The analysis examined the regulatory connections of genes expressed between different treatment conditions by statistically querying the relationship between correlated gene pairs and modules in differing conditions. The results indicated that punicalagin treatment had strong positive correlations with the over-enriched gene ontology (GO) terms related to oxidoreductase activity and lipid metabolism. However, the GO terms for immune and cytokine responses were strongly correlated with no punicalagin treatment. The results matched previous studies that showed punicalagin to have potent antioxidant and antiparasitic effects when used to treat parasitic infections in mice and livestock. Overall, the results indicated that punicalagin enhanced the effect of tissue-resident genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damarius S. Fleming
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Robert W. Li
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
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Zhao B, Osbelt L, Lesker TR, Wende M, Galvez EJC, Hönicke L, Bublitz A, Greweling-Pils MC, Grassl GA, Neumann-Schaal M, Strowig T. Helicobacter spp. are prevalent in wild mice and protect from lethal Citrobacter rodentium infection in the absence of adaptive immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112549. [PMID: 37245209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of the gut microbiota from wild to laboratory mice alters the host's immune status and enhances resistance to infectious and metabolic diseases, but understanding of which microbes and how they promote host fitness is only emerging. Our analysis of metagenomic sequencing data reveals that Helicobacter spp. are enriched in wild compared with specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and conventionally housed mice, with multiple species commonly co-colonizing their hosts. We create laboratory mice harboring three non-SPF Helicobacter spp. to evaluate their effect on mucosal immunity and colonization resistance to the enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Our experiments reveal that Helicobacter spp. interfere with C. rodentium colonization and attenuate C. rodentium-induced gut inflammation in wild-type (WT) mice, even preventing lethal infection in Rag2-/- SPF mice. Further analyses suggest that Helicobacter spp. interfere with tissue attachment of C. rodentium, putatively by reducing the availability of mucus-derived sugars. These results unveil pivotal protective functions of wild mouse microbiota constituents against intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Osbelt
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging, and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Robin Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie Wende
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging, and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eric J C Galvez
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa Hönicke
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arne Bublitz
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Guntram A Grassl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Bacterial Metabolomics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Forgie AJ, Pepin DM, Ju T, Tollenaar S, Sergi CM, Gruenheid S, Willing BP. Over supplementation with vitamin B12 alters microbe-host interactions in the gut leading to accelerated Citrobacter rodentium colonization and pathogenesis in mice. Microbiome 2023; 11:21. [PMID: 36737826 PMCID: PMC9896722 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes in the gut. Yet, to what extent excessive levels contribute to the activities of the gut microbiota remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of B12 on microbial ecology using a B12 supplemented mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-specific pathogen. Mice were fed a standard chow diet and received either water or water supplemented with B12 (cyanocobalamin: ~120 μg/day), which equates to approximately 25 mg in humans. Infection severity was determined by body weight, pathogen load, and histopathologic scoring. Host biomarkers of inflammation were assessed in the colon before and after the pathogen challenge. RESULTS Cyanocobalamin supplementation enhanced pathogen colonization at day 1 (P < 0.05) and day 3 (P < 0.01) postinfection. The impact of B12 on gut microbial communities, although minor, was distinct and attributed to the changes in the Lachnospiraceae populations and reduced alpha diversity. Cyanocobalamin treatment disrupted the activity of the low-abundance community members of the gut microbiota. It enhanced the amount of interleukin-12 p40 subunit protein (IL12/23p40; P < 0.001) and interleukin-17a (IL-17A; P < 0.05) in the colon of naïve mice. This immune phenotype was microbe dependent, and the response varied based on the baseline microbiota. The cecal metatranscriptome revealed that excessive cyanocobalamin decreased the expression of glucose utilizing genes by C. rodentium, a metabolic attribute previously associated with pathogen virulence. CONCLUSIONS Oral vitamin B12 supplementation promoted C. rodentium colonization in mice by altering the activities of the Lachnospiraceae populations in the gut. A lower abundance of select Lachnospiraceae species correlated to higher p40 subunit levels, while the detection of Parasutterella exacerbated inflammatory markers in the colon of naïve mice. The B12-induced change in gut ecology enhanced the ability of C. rodentium colonization by impacting key microbe-host interactions that help with pathogen exclusion. This research provides insight into how B12 impacts the gut microbiota and highlights potential consequences of disrupting microbial B12 competition/sharing through over-supplementation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Deanna M Pepin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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10
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Cuesta S, Burdisso P, Segev A, Kourrich S, Sperandio V. Gut colonization by Proteobacteria alters host metabolism and modulates cocaine neurobehavioral responses. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1615-1629.e5. [PMID: 36323315 PMCID: PMC9669251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut-microbiota membership is associated with diverse neuropsychological outcomes, including substance use disorders (SUDs). Here, we use mice colonized with Citrobacter rodentium or the human γ-Proteobacteria commensal Escherichia coli HS as a model to examine the mechanistic interactions between gut microbes and host responses to cocaine. We find that cocaine exposure increases intestinal norepinephrine levels that are sensed through the bacterial adrenergic receptor QseC to promote intestinal colonization of γ-Proteobacteria. Colonized mice show enhanced host cocaine-induced behaviors. The neuroactive metabolite glycine, a bacterial nitrogen source, is depleted in the gut and cerebrospinal fluid of colonized mice. Systemic glycine repletion reversed, and γ-Proteobacteria mutated for glycine uptake did not alter the host response to cocaine. γ-Proteobacteria modulated glycine levels are linked to cocaine-induced transcriptional plasticity in the nucleus accumbens through glutamatergic transmission. The mechanism outline here could potentially be exploited to modulate reward-related brain circuits that contribute to SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Paula Burdisso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) and Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica (PLABEM), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Amir Segev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Saïd Kourrich
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases - Foundation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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Si X, Song Z, Liu N, Jia H, Liu H, Wu Z. α-Ketoglutarate Restores Intestinal Barrier Function through Promoting Intestinal Stem Cells-Mediated Epithelial Regeneration in Colitis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13882-13892. [PMID: 36269035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the preventive effects of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG, in the form of sodium salt) on a Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colitis and explored potential mechanisms. The results demonstrated that CR caused body weight loss and colon length shortening, which were abrogated by the α-KG administration. The colon length of mice in the α-KG plus CR group was significantly higher than that of mice in the CR group (6.9 ± 0.59 (mean ± SD) vs 6.1 ± 0.55; P < 0.05). This beneficial effect was associated with regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. In addition, small intestinal organoids generated from intestinal crypts of mice were exposed to α-KG in the presence of TNF-α or IWR-1 to assess stem cell activity in vitro. The results demonstrated that TNF-α exposure decreased the viability of organoids and impaired barrier function by suppressing Wnt signaling, which was abolished by α-KG. Interestingly, the protective effect of α-KG on intestinal barrier function was abrogated by the inhibitor of Wnt signaling in the intestinal organoids. Taken together, α-KG restored barrier function by regulating ER stress and activating Wnt/β-catenin-medicated intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Feng Y, Li D, Ma C, Tian M, Hu X, Chen F. Barley Leaf Ameliorates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis through Preventive Effects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183833. [PMID: 36145206 PMCID: PMC9502111 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been increasing globally and progressively in recent decades. Barley leaf (BL) is a nutritional supplement that is shown to have health-promoting effects on intestinal homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that BL could significantly attenuate Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colitis, but whether it exerts a prophylactic or therapeutic effect remains elusive. In this study, we supplemented BL before or during CR infestation to investigate which way BL acts. The results showed that BL supplementation prior to infection significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI) score, weight loss, colon shortening, colonic wall swelling, and transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. It significantly reduced the amount of CR in the feces and also markedly inhibited the extraintestinal transmission of CR. Meanwhile, it significantly reduced the levels and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin-1β (IL1β). In addition, pretreatment with BL improved CR-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing the content of Proteobacteria, while increasing the content of Lactobacillus. In contrast, the effect of BL supplementation during infestation on the improvement of CR-induced colitis was not as good as that of pretreatment with BL. In conclusion, BL protects against CR-caused colitis in a preventive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737645 (ext. 18)
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13
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Cao YG, Bae S, Villarreal J, Moy M, Chun E, Michaud M, Lang JK, Glickman JN, Lobel L, Garrett WS. Faecalibaculum rodentium remodels retinoic acid signaling to govern eosinophil-dependent intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1295-1310.e8. [PMID: 35985335 PMCID: PMC9481734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays critical roles in sensing and integrating dietary and microbial signals. How microbiota and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) interactions regulate host physiology in the proximal small intestine, particularly the duodenum, is unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of duodenal IECs under germ-free (GF) and different conventional microbiota compositions, we show that specific microbiota members alter epithelial homeostasis by increasing epithelial turnover rate, crypt proliferation, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Microbiome profiling identified Faecalibaculum rodentium as a key species involved in this regulation. F. rodentium decreases enterocyte expression of retinoic-acid-producing enzymes Adh1, Aldh1a1, and Rdh7, reducing retinoic acid signaling required to maintain certain intestinal eosinophil populations. Eosinophils suppress intraepithelial-lymphocyte-mediated production of interferon-γ that regulates epithelial cell function. Thus, we identify a retinoic acid-eosinophil-interferon-γ-dependent circuit by which the microbiota modulates duodenal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Cao
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sena Bae
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jannely Villarreal
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madelyn Moy
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica K Lang
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lior Lobel
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Xue Y, Xu YF, Zhang B, Huang HB, Pan TX, Li JY, Tang Y, Shi CW, Wang N, Yang GL, Wang CF. Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorates the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced experimental colitis in mice. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108264. [PMID: 35523284 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease that causes serious harm to human health and the pig breeding industry. However, there are reports that Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection can treat autoimmune diseases, including enteritis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). However, research on the mechanism of T. spiralis infection in infectious enteritis has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this experiment used Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) to induce colitis in mouse models and explored its underlying mechanisms. In this experiment, a total of 72 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental mice in the TS and TS + CR groups were orally inoculated with individual T. spiralis larvae. At 21 days postinfection (dpi) with T. spiralis, experimental animals in the CR and TS + CR groups were inoculated by orogastric gavage with C. rodentium. The control group received PBS only. The results indicated that the weight loss and macroscopic and microscopic colon damage of mice in the TS + CR group were significantly decreased compared with those observed in the CR group. The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression levels of IL-4, IL-10 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were increased (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 were decreased in the spleens and MLNs of the TS + CR experimental mice compared with the colitis model mice. ELISA results revealed that the TS + CR group not only elicited a strong IgG1 response (P < 0.01) but also a low level of IgG2a response (P < 0.05) relative to the CR group. The above results demonstrated that prior exposure of mice to T. spiralis infection ameliorated the severity of C. rodentium-induced infectious colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Xu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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15
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Zindl CL, Witte SJ, Laufer VA, Gao M, Yue Z, Janowski KM, Cai B, Frey BF, Silberger DJ, Harbour SN, Singer JR, Turner H, Lund FE, Vallance BA, Rosenberg AF, Schoeb TR, Chen JY, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. A nonredundant role for T cell-derived interleukin 22 in antibacterial defense of colonic crypts. Immunity 2022; 55:494-511.e11. [PMID: 35263568 PMCID: PMC9126440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is central to immune defense at barrier sites. We examined the contributions of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and T cell-derived IL-22 during Citrobacter rodentium (C.r) infection using mice that both report Il22 expression and allow lineage-specific deletion. ILC-derived IL-22 activated STAT3 in C.r-colonized surface intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but only temporally restrained bacterial growth. T cell-derived IL-22 induced a more robust and extensive activation of STAT3 in IECs, including IECs lining colonic crypts, and T cell-specific deficiency of IL-22 led to pathogen invasion of the crypts and increased mortality. This reflected a requirement for T cell-derived IL-22 for the expression of a host-protective transcriptomic program that included AMPs, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, and mucin-related molecules, and it restricted IFNγ-induced proinflammatory genes. Our findings demonstrate spatiotemporal differences in the production and action of IL-22 by ILCs and T cells during infection and reveal an indispensable role for IL-22-producing T cells in the protection of the intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene L Zindl
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Steven J Witte
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vincent A Laufer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zongliang Yue
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen M Janowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Baiyi Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Blake F Frey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stacey N Harbour
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Singer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Henrietta Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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16
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Wu W, Zhou D, Xuan R, Zhou J, Liu J, Chen J, Han H, Niu T, Li X, Chen H, Wang F. λ-carrageenan exacerbates Citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious colitis in mice by targeting gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105940. [PMID: 34666171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For nearly half a century, the scientific community has been unable to agree upon the safety profile of carrageenan (CGN), a ubiquitous food additive. Little is known about the mechanisms by which consumption of CGN aggravates the etiopathogenesis of murine colitis. However, analyses of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity have provided a breakthrough in explaining the synergistic effect of CGN upon colitis. In Citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious murine colitis, inflammation and the clinical severity of gut tissue were aggravated in the presence of λ-CGN. Using fecal transplantation and germ-free mice experiments, we evaluated the role of intestinal microbiota on the pro-inflammatory effect of λ-CGN. Mice with high dietary λ-CGN consumption showed altered colonic microbiota composition that resulted in degradation of the colonic mucus layer, a raised fecal LPS level, and a decrease in the presence of bacterially derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mucus layer defects and altered fecal LPS and SCFA levels could be reproduced in germ-free mice by fecal transplantation from CGN-H-fed mice, but not from germ-free CGN-H-fed mice. Our results confirm that λ-CGN may create an environment that favors inflammation by altering gut microbiota composition and gut bacterial metabolism. The present study provides evidence that the "gut microbiota-barrier axis" could be an alternative target for ameliorating the colitis promoting effect of λ-CGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jingwangwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Mu T, Yang Y, Zhang J, Ren F, Wu Z. Lactobacillus johnsonii Attenuates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis by Regulating Inflammatory Responses and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:3391-3399. [PMID: 34383918 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are beneficial in intestinal disorders. However, the benefits of Lactobacillus johnsonii in experimental colitis remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the benefits of L. johnsonii against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. METHODS Thirty-six 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 12): control (Ctrl) group, Citrobacter rodentium treatment (CR) group (2 × 109 CFU C. rodentium), and Lactobacillus johnsonii and Citrobacter rodentium cotreatment (LJ + CR) group (109 CFU L. johnsonii with C. rodentium). Colon length, mucosal thickness, proinflammatory cytokine genes, and endoplasmic reticulum stress were tested. RESULTS The CR group had greater spleen weight, mucosal thickness, and Ki67+ cells (0.4-4.7 times), and a 23.8% shorter colon length than the Ctrl group, which in the LJ + CR group were 22.4%-77.6% lower and 30% greater than in the CR group, respectively. Relative to the Ctrl group, serum proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration were greater by 0.3-1.6 times and 6.2-8.8 times in the CR group, respectively; relative to the CR group, these were 19.9%-61.9% and 69.5%-84.2% lower in the LJ + CR group, respectively. The mRNA levels of lysozyme (Lyz) and regenerating islet-derived protein III were 22.7%-36.5% lower and 1.5-2.7 times greater in the CR group than in the Ctrl group, respectively, whereas they were 22.2%-25.7% greater and 57.2%-76.9% lower in the LJ + CR group than in the CR group, respectively. Cell apoptosis was 11.9 times greater in the CR group than in the Ctrl group, and 87.4% lower in the LJ + CR group than in the CR group. Consistently, the protein abundances of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase 1 and 3, activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6A), and phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (P-IRE1A) were 0.3-2.1 times greater in the CR group and 31.1%-60.4% lower in the LJ + CR group. All these indexes did not differ between the Ctrl and LJ + CR groups, except for CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD11b+ and F4/80+ macrophages (1-1.5 times greater in LJ + CR) and mRNA concentration of Lyz2 (20.1% lower in LJ + CR). CONCLUSIONS L. johnsonii supplementation is a promising nutritional strategy for preventing C. rodentium-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Michiels C, Puigdevall L, Cochez P, Achouri Y, Cheou P, Hendrickx E, Dauguet N, Blanchetot C, Dumoutier L. A Targetable, Noncanonical Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation Induced by the Y-Less Region of IL-22 Receptor Orchestrates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2668-2678.e6. [PMID: 33992648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exacerbated IL-22 activity induces tissue inflammation and immune disorders such as psoriasis. However, because IL-22 is also essential for tissue repair and defense at barrier interfaces, targeting IL-22 activity to treat psoriasis bears the risk of deleterious effects at mucosal sites such as the gut. We previously showed in vitro that IL-22 signaling relies on IL-22 receptor alpha (IL-22Rα) Y-dependent and -independent pathways. The second depends on the C-terminal Y-less region of IL-22Rα and leads to a massive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Because STAT3 activation is associated with the development of psoriasis, we hypothesized that the specific inhibition of the noncanonical STAT3 activation by the Y-less region of IL-22Rα could reduce psoriasis-like disease while leaving intact its tissue defense functions in the gut. We show that mice expressing a C-terminally truncated version of IL-22Rα (ΔCtermut/mut mice) are protected from the development of psoriasis-like dermatitis lesions induced by imiquimod to a lesser extent than Il22ra-/- mice. In contrast, only Il22ra-/- mice lose weight after Citrobacter rodentium infection. Altogether, our data suggest that specific targeting of the noncanonical STAT3 activation by IL-22 could serve to treat psoriasis-like skin inflammation without affecting IL-22‒dependent tissue repair or barrier defense at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Michiels
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Léna Puigdevall
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Perrine Cochez
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgenic Core Facility, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paméla Cheou
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Hendrickx
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Platform, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laure Dumoutier
- Experimental Medicine Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Schroeder JH, Roberts LB, Meissl K, Lo JW, Hromadová D, Hayes K, Zabinski T, Read E, Moreira Heliodoro C, Reis R, Howard JK, Grencis RK, Neves JF, Strobl B, Lord GM. Sustained Post-Developmental T-Bet Expression Is Critical for the Maintenance of Type One Innate Lymphoid Cells In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760198. [PMID: 34795671 PMCID: PMC8594445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play a significant role in the intestinal immune response and T-bet+ CD127+ group 1 cells (ILC1) have been linked to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the functional importance of ILC1 in the context of an intact adaptive immune response has been controversial. In this report we demonstrate that induced depletion of T-bet using a Rosa26-Cre-ERT2 model resulted in the loss of intestinal ILC1, pointing to a post-developmental requirement of T-bet expression for these cells. In contrast, neither colonic lamina propria (cLP) ILC2 nor cLP ILC3 abundance were altered upon induced deletion of T-bet. Mechanistically, we report that STAT1 or STAT4 are not required for intestinal ILC1 development and maintenance. Mice with induced deletion of T-bet and subsequent loss of ILC1 were protected from the induction of severe colitis in vivo. Hence, this study provides support for the clinical development of an IBD treatment based on ILC1 depletion via targeting T-bet or its downstream transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Schroeder
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke B. Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan W. Lo
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Hromadová
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kelly Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Zabinski
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Read
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rita Reis
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K. Howard
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joana F. Neves
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Chatterjee S, Lekmeechai S, Constantinou N, Grzybowska EA, Kozik Z, Choudhary JS, Berger CN, Frankel G, Clements A. The type III secretion system effector EspO of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli inhibits apoptosis through an interaction with HAX-1. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13366. [PMID: 34021690 PMCID: PMC7613270 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many enteric pathogens employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate effector proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm, where they subvert signalling pathways of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we report that the anti-apoptotic regulator HS1-associated protein X1 (HAX-1) is an interaction partner of the T3SS effectors EspO of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium, OspE of Shigella flexneri and Osp1STYM of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. EspO, OspE and Osp1STYM have previously been reported to interact with the focal adhesions protein integrin linked kinase (ILK). We found that EspO localizes both to the focal adhesions (ILK localisation) and mitochondria (HAX-1 localisation), and that increased expression of HAX-1 leads to enhanced mitochondrial localisation of EspO. Ectopic expression of EspO, OspE and Osp1STYM protects cells from apoptosis induced by staurosporine and tunicamycin. Depleting cells of HAX-1 indicates that the anti-apoptotic activity of EspO is HAX-1 dependent. Both HAX-1 and ILK were further confirmed as EspO1-interacting proteins during infection using T3SS-delivered EspO1. Using cell detachment as a proxy for cell death we confirmed that T3SS-delivered EspO1 could inhibit cell death induced during EPEC infection, to a similar extent as the anti-apoptotic effector NleH, or treatment with the pan caspase inhibitor z-VAD. In contrast, in cells lacking HAX-1, EspO1 was no longer able to protect against cell detachment, while NleH1 and z-VAD maintained their protective activity. Therefore, during both infection and ectopic expression EspO protects cells from cell death by interacting with HAX-1. These results suggest that despite the differences between EHEC, C. rodentium, Shigella and S. typhimurium infections, hijacking HAX-1 anti-apoptotic signalling is a common strategy to maintain the viability of infected cells. TAKE AWAY: EspO homologues are found in EHEC, Shigella, S. typhimurium and some EPEC. EspO homologues interact with HAX-1. EspO protects infected cells from apoptosis. EspO joins a growing list of T3SS effectors that manipulate cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sujinna Lekmeechai
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Constantinou
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ewa A. Grzybowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kozik
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jyoti S. Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Cedric N. Berger
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc E Rothenberg
- From the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
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22
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Kimizuka T, Seki N, Yamaguchi G, Akiyama M, Higashi S, Hase K, Kim YG. Amino Acid-Based Diet Prevents Lethal Infectious Diarrhea by Maintaining Body Water Balance in a Murine Citrobacter rodentium Infection Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061896. [PMID: 34072947 PMCID: PMC8227537 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea is one of the most important health problems worldwide. Although nutritional status influences the clinical manifestation of various enteric pathogen infections, the effect of diet on enteric infectious diseases remains unclear. Using a fatal infectious diarrheal model, we found that an amino acid-based diet (AD) protected susceptible mice infected with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. While the mice fed other diets, including a regular diet, were highly susceptible to C. rodentium infection, AD-fed mice had an increased survival rate. An AD did not suppress C. rodentium colonization or intestinal damage; instead, it prevented diarrhea-induced dehydration by increasing water intake. An AD altered the plasma and fecal amino acid levels and changed the gut microbiota composition. Treatment with glutamate, whose level was increased in the plasma and feces of AD-fed mice, promoted water intake and improved the survival of C. rodentium-infected mice. Thus, an AD changes the systemic amino acid balance and protects against lethal infectious diarrhea by maintaining total body water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kimizuka
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (T.K.); (N.S.); (G.Y.); (M.A.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Natsumi Seki
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (T.K.); (N.S.); (G.Y.); (M.A.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Genki Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (T.K.); (N.S.); (G.Y.); (M.A.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (T.K.); (N.S.); (G.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Seiichiro Higashi
- Co-Creation Center, Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (T.K.); (N.S.); (G.Y.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Cox CB, Storm EE, Kapoor VN, Chavarria-Smith J, Lin DL, Wang L, Li Y, Kljavin N, Ota N, Bainbridge TW, Anderson K, Roose-Girma M, Warming S, Arron JR, Turley SJ, de Sauvage FJ, van Lookeren Campagne M. IL-1R1-dependent signaling coordinates epithelial regeneration in response to intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe8856. [PMID: 33963061 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Repair of the intestinal epithelium is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis. The response after epithelial damage needs to be local and proportional to the insult. How different types of damage are coupled to repair remains incompletely understood. We report that after distinct types of intestinal epithelial damage, IL-1R1 signaling in GREM1+ mesenchymal cells increases production of R-spondin 3 (RSPO3), a Wnt agonist required for intestinal stem cell self-renewal. In parallel, IL-1R1 signaling regulates IL-22 production by innate lymphoid cells and promotes epithelial hyperplasia and regeneration. Although the regulation of both RSPO3 and IL-22 is critical for epithelial recovery from Citrobacter rodentium infection, IL-1R1-dependent RSPO3 production by GREM1+ mesenchymal cells alone is sufficient and required for recovery after dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. These data demonstrate how IL-1R1-dependent signaling orchestrates distinct repair programs tailored to the type of injury sustained that are required to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Cox
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elaine E Storm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David L Lin
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Noelyn Kljavin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Travis W Bainbridge
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Keith Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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24
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Wu Y, Wang J, He Q, Yu L, Pham Q, Cheung L, Zhang Z, Kim YS, Smith AD, Wang TTY. Dietary Indole-3-Carbinol Alleviated Spleen Enlargement, Enhanced IgG Response in C3H/HeN Mice Infected with Citrobacter rodentium. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3148. [PMID: 33076301 PMCID: PMC7602481 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are important enteric pathogens that induce hemorrhagic colitis or even fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Emerging evidence shows that some bio-actives derived from fruits and vegetables may serve as alternatives to antibiotics for overcoming multidrug resistant E. coli infections. In this study, the Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) infection model was utilized to mimic E. coli-induced acute intestinal inflammation, and the effects of a cruciferous vegetable-derived cancer protective compound, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), on the immune responses of Cr-susceptible C3H/HeN mice were investigated. Dietary I3C significantly inhibited the loss of body weight and the increase in spleen size in Cr infected mice. In addition, I3C treatment reduced the inflammatory response to Cr infection by maintaining anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-22 mRNA levels while reducing expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL17A, IL6, IL1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of IL17, TNF-α, IL12p70, and G-CSF also were down-regulated by I3C in Cr-infected mice. Additionally, dietary I3C specifically enhanced the Cr-specific IgG response to Cr infection. In general, dietary I3C reduced the Cr-induced pro-inflammatory response in susceptible C3H/HeN mice and alleviated the physiological changes and tissue damage induced by Cr infection but not Cr colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Qiang He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Young S. Kim
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Allen D. Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
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25
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Yang W, Yu T, Huang X, Bilotta AJ, Xu L, Lu Y, Sun J, Pan F, Zhou J, Zhang W, Yao S, Maynard CL, Singh N, Dann SM, Liu Z, Cong Y. Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4457. [PMID: 32901017 PMCID: PMC7478978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T cells produce IL-22, which is critical for intestinal immunity. The microbiota is central to IL-22 production in the intestines; however, the factors that regulate IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells and ILCs are not clear. Here, we show that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promote IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells and ILCs through G-protein receptor 41 (GPR41) and inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). SCFAs upregulate IL-22 production by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression, which are differentially regulated by mTOR and Stat3. HIF1α binds directly to the Il22 promoter, and SCFAs increase HIF1α binding to the Il22 promoter through histone modification. SCFA supplementation enhances IL-22 production, which protects intestines from inflammation. SCFAs promote human CD4+ T cell IL-22 production. These findings establish the roles of SCFAs in inducing IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells and ILCs to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Butyrates/immunology
- Butyrates/metabolism
- Butyrates/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Citrobacter rodentium
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/microbiology
- Colitis/prevention & control
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Immunity, Innate
- In Vitro Techniques
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/deficiency
- Interleukins/genetics
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sara M Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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26
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Boucher AA, Rosenfeldt L, Mureb D, Shafer J, Sharma BK, Lane A, Crowther RR, McKell MC, Whitt J, Alenghat T, Qualls J, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Flick MJ, Steinbrecher KA, Palumbo JS. Cell type-specific mechanisms coupling protease-activated receptor-1 to infectious colitis pathogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:91-103. [PMID: 31539206 PMCID: PMC7026906 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) plays a major role in multiple disease processes, including colitis. Understanding the mechanisms coupling PAR-1 to disease pathogenesis is complicated by the fact that PAR-1 is broadly expressed across multiple cell types. OBJECTIVE Determine the specific contributions of PAR-1 expressed by macrophages and colonic enterocytes to infectious colitis. METHODS Mice carrying a conditional PAR-1 allele were generated and bred to mice expressing Cre recombinase in a myeloid- (PAR-1ΔM ) or enterocyte-specific (PAR-1ΔEPI ) fashion. Citrobacter rodentium colitis pathogenesis was analyzed in mice with global PAR-1 deletion (PAR-1-/- ) and cell type-specific deletions. RESULTS Constitutive deletion of PAR-1 had no significant impact on weight loss, crypt hypertrophy, crypt abscess formation, or leukocyte infiltration in Citrobacter colitis. However, colonic shortening was significantly blunted in infected PAR-1-/- mice, and these animals exhibited decreased local levels of IL-1β, IL-22, IL-6, and IL-17A. In contrast, infected PAR-1ΔM mice lost less weight and had fewer crypt abscesses relative to controls. PAR-1ΔM mice had diminished CD3+ T cell infiltration into colonic tissue, but macrophage and CD4+ T cell infiltration were similar to controls. Also contrasting results in global knockouts, PAR-1ΔM mice exhibited lower levels of IL-1β, but not Th17-related cytokines (ie, IL-22, IL-6, IL-17A). Infected PAR-1ΔEPI mice exhibited increased crypt hypertrophy and crypt abscess formation, but local cytokine elaboration was similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal complex, cell type-specific roles for PAR-1 in modulating the immune response to Citrobacter colitis that are not readily apparent in analyses limited to mice with global PAR-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Boucher
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Duaa Mureb
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessica Shafer
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca R. Crowther
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melanie C. McKell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph Qualls
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kris A. Steinbrecher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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27
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Ahmed I, Roy BC, Raach RMT, Owens SM, Xia L, Anant S, Sampath V, Umar S. Enteric infection coupled with chronic Notch pathway inhibition alters colonic mucus composition leading to dysbiosis, barrier disruption and colitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206701. [PMID: 30383855 PMCID: PMC6211731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucus layer disruption and gut microflora modification in conjunction with tight junction (TJ) changes can increase colonic permeability that allows bacterial dissemination and intestinal and systemic disease. We showed previously that Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colonic crypt hyperplasia and/or colitis is regulated by a functional cross-talk between the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In the current study, mucus analysis in the colons of CR-infected (108 CFUs) and Notch blocker Dibenzazepine (DBZ, i.p.; 10μmol/Kg b.w.)-treated mice revealed significant alterations in the composition of trace O-glycans and complex type and hybrid N-glycans, compared to CR-infected mice alone that preceded/accompanied alterations in 16S rDNA microbial community structure and elevated EUB338 staining. While mucin-degrading bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) along with Enterobacteriaceae belonging to Proteobacteria phyla increased in the feces, antimicrobial peptides Angiogenin-4, Intelectin-1 and Intelectin-2, and ISC marker Dclk1, exhibited dramatic decreases in the colons of CR-infected/DBZ-treated mice. Also evident was a loss of TJ and adherens junction protein immuno-staining within the colonic crypts that negatively impacted paracellular barrier. These changes coincided with the loss of Notch signaling and exacerbation of mucosal injury. In response to a cocktail of antibiotics (Metronidazole/ciprofloxacin) for 10 days, there was increased survival that coincided with: i) decreased levels of Proteobacteria, ii) elevated Dclk1 levels in the crypt and, iii) reduced paracellular permeability. Thus, enteric infections that interfere with Notch activity may promote mucosal dysbiosis that is preceded by changes in mucus composition. Controlled use of antibiotics seems to alleviate gut dysbiosis but may be insufficient to promote colonic crypt regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Badal C. Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rita-Marie T. Raach
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Owens
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lijun Xia
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Varankovich N, Grigoryan A, Brown K, Inglis GD, Uwiera RRE, Nickerson MT, Korber DR. Pea-protein alginate encapsulation adversely affects development of clinical signs of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice treated with probiotics. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:744-760. [PMID: 29958098 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of two strains of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052) immobilized in microcapsules composed of pea protein isolate (PPI) and alginate microcapsules was assessed using a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Accordingly, 4-week-old mice were fed diets supplemented with freeze-dried probiotics (group P), probiotic-containing microcapsules (group PE) (lyophilized PPI-alginate microcapsules containing probiotics), or PPI-alginate microcapsules containing no probiotics (group E). Half of the mice (controls, groups P, PE, and E) received C. rodentium by gavage 2 weeks after initiation of feeding. Daily monitoring of disease symptoms (abnormal behavior, diarrhea, etc.) and body weights was undertaken. Histopathological changes in colonic and cecal tissues, cytokine expression levels, and pathogen and probiotic densities in feces were examined, and the microbial communities of the distal colon mucosa were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Infection with C. rodentium led to marked progression of infectious colitis, as revealed by symptomatic and histopathological data, changes in cytokine expression, and alteration of composition of mucosal communities. Probiotics led to changes in most of the disease markers but did not have a significant impact on cytokine profiles in infected animals. On the basis of cytokine expression analyses and histopathological data, it was evident that encapsulation materials (pea protein and calcium alginate) contributed to inflammation and worsened a set of symptoms in the cecum. These results suggest that even though food ingredients may be generally recognized as safe, they may in fact contribute to the development of an inflammatory response in certain animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Varankovich
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Alexander Grigoryan
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Kirsty Brown
- b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - G Douglas Inglis
- b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - Richard R E Uwiera
- c Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael T Nickerson
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Darren R Korber
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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29
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Ma EL, Smith AD, Desai N, Cheung L, Hanscom M, Stoica BA, Loane DJ, Shea-Donohue T, Faden AI. Bidirectional brain-gut interactions and chronic pathological changes after traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:56-69. [PMID: 28676351 PMCID: PMC5909811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has complex effects on the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with TBI-related morbidity and mortality. We examined changes in mucosal barrier properties and enteric glial cell response in the gut after experimental TBI in mice, as well as effects of the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) on both gut and brain after injury. METHODS Moderate-level TBI was induced in C57BL/6mice by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Mucosal barrier function was assessed by transepithelial resistance, fluorescent-labelled dextran flux, and quantification of tight junction proteins. Enteric glial cell number and activation were measured by Sox10 expression and GFAP reactivity, respectively. Separate groups of mice were challenged with Cr infection during the chronic phase of TBI, and host immune response, barrier integrity, enteric glial cell reactivity, and progression of brain injury and inflammation were assessed. RESULTS Chronic CCI induced changes in colon morphology, including increased mucosal depth and smooth muscle thickening. At day 28 post-CCI, increased paracellular permeability and decreased claudin-1 mRNA and protein expression were observed in the absence of inflammation in the colon. Colonic glial cell GFAP and Sox10 expression were significantly increased 28days after brain injury. Clearance of Cr and upregulation of Th1/Th17 cytokines in the colon were unaffected by CCI; however, colonic paracellular flux and enteric glial cell GFAP expression were significantly increased. Importantly, Cr infection in chronically-injured mice worsened the brain lesion injury and increased astrocyte- and microglial-mediated inflammation. CONCLUSION These experimental studies demonstrate chronic and bidirectional brain-gut interactions after TBI, which may negatively impact late outcomes after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allen D Smith
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Neemesh Desai
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Marie Hanscom
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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30
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Saeed MA, Ng GZ, Däbritz J, Wagner J, Judd L, Han JX, Dhar P, Kirkwood CD, Sutton P. Protease-activated Receptor 1 Plays a Proinflammatory Role in Colitis by Promoting Th17-related Immunity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:593-602. [PMID: 28296821 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic cleavage of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) can result in potent downstream regulatory effects on inflammation. Although PAR1 is expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and activating proteases are increased in inflammatory bowel disease, the effect of PAR1 activation on colitis remains poorly understood, and has not previously been studied in pediatric disease. METHODS Expression of PAR1 and inflammatory cytokines in colonic biopsies from pediatric patients with Crohn's disease exhibiting active moderate to severe colitis was measured by quantitative PCR. The functional relevance of these clinical data was further studied in a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. RESULTS PAR1 expression was significantly upregulated in the inflamed colons of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, with expression levels directly correlating to disease severity. In patients with severe colitis, PAR1 expression uniquely correlated with Th17-related (IL17A, IL22, and IL23A) cytokines. Infection of PAR1-deficient (PAR1) and wildtype mice with colitogenic C. rodentium revealed that disease severity and colonic pathology were strongly attenuated in mice lacking PAR1. Furthermore, Th17-type immune response was completely abolished in the colons of infected PAR1 but not wildtype mice. Finally, PAR1 was shown to be essential for secretion of the Th17-driving cytokine IL-23 by C. rodentium-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a strong link between PAR1 expression, Th17-type immunity, and disease severity in both pediatric patients with Crohn's disease and C. rodentium-induced colitis in mice. The data presented suggest PAR1 exerts a proinflammatory role in colitis in both humans and mice by promoting a Th17-type immune response, potentially by supporting the production of IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Saeed
- *Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; †Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; ‡Department of Paediatrics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and §Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell, Desai et al. compare how dietary fiber affects the gut microbiota and susceptibility to disease. They find that a fiber-free diet promotes mucus-degrading bacteria and susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S Gazzaniga
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Singh K, Al-Greene NT, Verriere TG, Coburn LA, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Hardbower DM, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Vallance BA, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The L-Arginine Transporter Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 2 Mediates the Immunopathogenesis of Attaching and Effacing Bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005984. [PMID: 27783672 PMCID: PMC5081186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 7 member 2 (SLC7A2) is an inducible transporter of the semi-essential amino acid L-arginine (L-Arg), which has been implicated in immune responses to pathogens. We assessed the role of SLC7A2 in murine infection with Citrobacter rodentium, an attaching and effacing enteric pathogen that causes colitis. Induction of SLC7A2 was upregulated in colitis tissues, and localized predominantly to colonic epithelial cells. Compared to wild-type mice, Slc7a2–/–mice infected with C. rodentium had improved survival and decreased weight loss, colon weight, and histologic injury; this was associated with decreased colonic macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and Th1 and Th17 cells. In infected Slc7a2–/–mice, there were decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines G-CSF, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, and CCL5. In bone marrow chimeras, the recipient genotype drove the colitis phenotype, indicative of the importance of epithelial, rather than myeloid SLC7A2. Mice lacking Slc7a2 exhibited reduced adherence of C. rodentium to the colonic epithelium and decreased expression of Talin-1, a focal adhesion protein involved in the attachment of the bacterium. The importance of SLC7A2 and Talin-1 in the intimate attachment of C. rodentium and induction of inflammatory response was confirmed in vitro, using conditionally-immortalized young adult mouse colon (YAMC) cells with shRNA knockdown of Slc7a2 or Tln1. Inhibition of L-Arg uptake with the competitive inhibitor, L-lysine (L-Lys), also prevented attachment of C. rodentium and chemokine expression. L-Lys and siRNA knockdown confirmed the role of L-Arg and SLC7A2 in human Caco-2 cells co-cultured with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Overexpression of SLC7A2 in human embryonic kidney cells increased bacterial adherence and chemokine expression. Taken together, our data indicate that C. rodentium enhances its own pathogenicity by inducing the expression of SLC7A2 to favor its attachment to the epithelium and thus create its ecological niche. Intestinal infections by attaching and effacing (A/E) bacteria widely impact human health, with major social and economic repercussions. Mucosal immunity plays a critical role in determining the outcome of these infections. The amino acid L-arginine regulates inflammatory responses to bacterial pathogens. We studied the role of the L-arginine transporter solute carrier family 7 member 2 (SLC7A2) during infection with the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. SLC7A2 is induced in colonic epithelial cells during the infection and facilitates the intimate attachment of the bacteria, thus initiating the inflammatory response of the infected mucosa. These data were confirmed in vitro using C. rodentium-infected mouse cells and human colonic epithelial cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Our work describes a mechanism by which A/E bacteria manipulate host response to favor their colonization, thereby positioning SLC7A2 as an unrecognized therapeutic target to limit infection with enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshipra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole T. Al-Greene
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Hardbower
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Small CL, Xing L, McPhee JB, Law HT, Coombes BK. Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis Potentiates a Crohn's Disease Pathobiont to Fuel Ongoing Inflammation in the Post-Infectious Period. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005907. [PMID: 27711220 PMCID: PMC5053483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of diverse etiology. Exposure to foodborne pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis produces a long-term risk of CD well into the post-infectious period but the mechanistic basis for this ongoing relationship to disease onset is unknown. We developed two novel models to study the comorbidity of acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella Typhimurium or Citrobacter rodentium in mice colonized with adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), a bacterial pathobiont linked to CD. Here, we show that disease activity in the post-infectious period after gastroenteritis is driven by the tissue-associated expansion of the resident AIEC pathobiont, with an attendant increase in immunopathology, barrier defects, and delays in mucosal restitution following pathogen clearance. These features required AIEC resistance to host defense peptides and a fulminant inflammatory response to the enteric pathogen. Our results suggest that individuals colonized by AIEC at the time of acute infectious gastroenteritis may be at greater risk for CD onset. Importantly, our data identify AIEC as a tractable disease modifier, a finding that could be exploited in the development of therapeutic interventions following infectious gastroenteritis in at-risk individuals. Western societies have a disproportionately high rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with growing incidence especially in the adolescent population. A large body of evidence supports the view that bacteria in the gut participate in the pathophysiology of human bowel diseases. The unifying concept is chronic inflammation that is driven by microbial stimulation of the mucosal immune system. However, the mechanisms by which pathogenic or commensal microbes work in concert with each other and with host responses to perpetuate this inflammation is not well known. Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) are Crohn’s disease (CD)-associated bacteria that are implicated in disease pathology. AIEC are pro-inflammatory and may play a central role in maintaining chronic inflammation in response to other CD risk factors, such as acute infectious gastroenteritis. Here, we show that indeed, acute infectious gastroenteritis creates an inflammatory environment in the gut that drives AIEC expansion and worsens disease severity. The increase in disease severity strictly correlates with this AIEC bloom because blocking this bloom by sensitizing AIEC to host defenses also improves the health status of the host. The long time period between recovery from acute gastroenteritis and new onset CD may allow for targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of CD in AIEC-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie L. Small
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Xing
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph B. McPhee
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong T. Law
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K. Coombes
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hardbower DM, Singh K, Asim M, Verriere TG, Olivares-Villagómez D, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Washington MK, Peek RM, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. EGFR regulates macrophage activation and function in bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3296-312. [PMID: 27482886 DOI: 10.1172/jci83585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling regulates macrophage function, but its role in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the role of macrophage EGFR signaling during infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that causes persistent inflammation and gastric cancer. EGFR was phosphorylated in murine and human macrophages during H. pylori infection. In human gastric tissues, elevated levels of phosphorylated EGFR were observed throughout the histologic cascade from gastritis to carcinoma. Deleting Egfr in myeloid cells attenuated gastritis and increased H. pylori burden in infected mice. EGFR deficiency also led to a global defect in macrophage activation that was associated with decreased cytokine, chemokine, and NO production. We observed similar alterations in macrophage activation and disease phenotype in the Citrobacter rodentium model of murine infectious colitis. Mechanistically, EGFR signaling activated NF-κB and MAPK1/3 pathways to induce cytokine production and macrophage activation. Although deletion of Egfr had no effect on DC function, EGFR-deficient macrophages displayed impaired Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses to H. pylori, which contributed to decreased chronic inflammation in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that EGFR signaling is central to macrophage function in response to enteric bacterial pathogens and is a potential therapeutic target for infection-induced inflammation and associated carcinogenesis.
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Kang E, Yousefi M, Gruenheid S. R-Spondins Are Expressed by the Intestinal Stroma and are Differentially Regulated during Citrobacter rodentium- and DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152859. [PMID: 27046199 PMCID: PMC4821485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-spondin family of proteins has recently been described as secreted enhancers of β-catenin activation through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We previously reported that Rspo2 is a major determinant of susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium-mediated colitis in mice and recent genome-wide association studies have revealed RSPO3 as a candidate Crohn's disease-specific inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility gene in humans. However, there is little information on the endogenous expression and cellular source of R-spondins in the colon at steady state and during intestinal inflammation. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR were used to assess the expression of R-spondins at steady state and in two mouse models of colonic inflammation. The cellular source of R-spondins was assessed in specific colonic cell populations isolated by cell sorting. Data mining from publicly available datasets was used to assess the expression of R-spondins in the human colon. At steady state, colonic expression of R-spondins was found to be exclusive to non-epithelial CD45- lamina propria cells, and Rspo3/RSPO3 was the most highly expressed R-spondin in both mouse and human colon. R-spondin expression was found to be highly dynamic and differentially regulated during C. rodentium infection and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, with notably high levels of Rspo3 expression during DSS colitis, and high levels of Rspo2 expression during C. rodentium infection, specifically in susceptible mice. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that in the colon, R-spondins are expressed by subepithelial stromal cells, and that Rspo3/RSPO3 is the family member most implicated in colonic homeostasis. The differential regulation of the R-spondins in different models of intestinal inflammation indicate they respond to specific pathogenic and inflammatory signals that differ in the two models and provides further evidence that this family of proteins plays a key role in linking intestinal inflammation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Withers DR, Hepworth MR, Wang X, Mackley EC, Halford EE, Dutton EE, Marriott CL, Brucklacher-Waldert V, Veldhoen M, Kelsen J, Baldassano RN, Sonnenberg GF. Transient inhibition of ROR-γt therapeutically limits intestinal inflammation by reducing TH17 cells and preserving group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Med 2016; 22:319-23. [PMID: 26878233 PMCID: PMC4948756 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RAR-related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt) directs differentiation of proinflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is a potential therapeutic target in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, ROR-γt-dependent group 3 innate lymphoid cells ILC3s provide essential immunity and tissue protection in the intestine, suggesting that targeting ROR-γt could also result in impaired host defense after infection or enhanced tissue damage. Here, we demonstrate that transient chemical inhibition of ROR-γt in mice selectively reduces cytokine production from TH17 but not ILCs in the context of intestinal infection with Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in preserved innate immunity. Temporal deletion of Rorc (encoding ROR-γt) in mature ILCs also did not impair cytokine response in the steady state or during infection. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of ROR-γt provided therapeutic benefit in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and reduced the frequency of TH17 cells but not ILCs isolated from primary intestinal samples of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Collectively, these results reveal differential requirements for ROR-γt in the maintenance of TH17 cell and ILC3 responses and suggest that transient inhibition of ROR-γt is a safe and effective therapeutic approach during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Withers
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew R. Hepworth
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The Jill Robert’s Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The Jill Robert’s Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma C. Mackley
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily E. Halford
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma E. Dutton
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare L. Marriott
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Marc Veldhoen
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory F. Sonnenberg
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The Jill Robert’s Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Song C, Lee JS, Gilfillan S, Robinette ML, Newberry RD, Stappenbeck TS, Mack M, Cella M, Colonna M. Unique and redundant functions of NKp46+ ILC3s in models of intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1869-82. [PMID: 26458769 PMCID: PMC4612098 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) are innate sources of IL-22 and IL-17 and include lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi)-like and NKp46(+) subsets. Both depend on RORγt and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but NKp46(+)ILC3s also require Notch and T-bet for their development and are transcriptionally distinct. The extent to which these subsets have unique functions, especially in the context of T cell- and B cell-sufficient mice, remains largely unclear. To investigate the specific function of NKp46(+)ILC3s among other ILC3 subsets and T cells, we generated mice selectively lacking NKp46(+)ILC3s or all ILC3s and crossed them to T cell-deficient mice, thus maintaining B cells in all mice. In mice lacking T cells, NKp46(+)ILC3s were sufficient to promote inflammatory monocyte accumulation in the anti-CD40 innate colitis model through marked production of GM-CSF. In T cell-competent mice, lack of NKp46(+)ILCs had no impact on control of intestinal C. rodentium infection, whereas lack of all ILC3s partially impaired bacterial control. Thus, NKp46(+)ILC3s have a unique capacity to promote inflammation through GM-CSF-induced accumulation of inflammatory monocytes, but are superseded by LTi-like ILC3s and T cells in controlling intestinal bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Song
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jacob S Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michelle L Robinette
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Sit B, Crowley SM, Bhullar K, Lai CCL, Tang C, Hooda Y, Calmettes C, Khambati H, Ma C, Brumell JH, Schryvers AB, Vallance BA, Moraes TF. Active Transport of Phosphorylated Carbohydrates Promotes Intestinal Colonization and Transmission of a Bacterial Pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005107. [PMID: 26295949 PMCID: PMC4546632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient acquisition of extracellular nutrients is essential for bacterial pathogenesis, however the identities and mechanisms for transport of many of these substrates remain unclear. Here, we investigate the predicted iron-binding transporter AfuABC and its role in bacterial pathogenesis in vivo. By crystallographic, biophysical and in vivo approaches, we show that AfuABC is in fact a cyclic hexose/heptose-phosphate transporter with high selectivity and specificity for a set of ubiquitous metabolites (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). AfuABC is conserved across a wide range of bacterial genera, including the enteric pathogens EHEC O157:H7 and its murine-specific relative Citrobacter rodentium, where it lies adjacent to genes implicated in sugar sensing and acquisition. C. rodentium ΔafuA was significantly impaired in an in vivo murine competitive assay as well as its ability to transmit infection from an afflicted to a naïve murine host. Sugar-phosphates were present in normal and infected intestinal mucus and stool samples, indicating that these metabolites are available within the intestinal lumen for enteric bacteria to import during infection. Our study shows that AfuABC-dependent uptake of sugar-phosphates plays a critical role during enteric bacterial infection and uncovers previously unrecognized roles for these metabolites as important contributors to successful pathogenesis. Essentially all Gram-negative pathogens are reliant on specific transport machineries termed binding protein-dependent transporters (BPDTs) to transport solutes such as amino acids, sugars and metal ions across their membranes. In this study we investigated AfuABC, a predicted iron-transporting BPDT found in many bacterial pathogens. We show by structural and functional approaches that AfuABC is not an iron transporter. Instead, AfuABC is a trio of proteins that bind and transport sugar-phosphates such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In doing so, we present the first structural solution of a G6P-specific transport protein and add to the few known unique machineries for sugar-phosphate uptake by bacteria. Furthermore, we show that AfuABC is required by the intestinal pathogen C. rodentium to effectively transmit between mice and re-establish infection, leading us to propose that the transport of sugar-phosphates is an important part of general bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Sit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics and the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirandeep Bhullar
- Department of Pediatrics and the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Calvin Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yogesh Hooda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Calmettes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husain Khambati
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caixia Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John H. Brumell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony B. Schryvers
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics and the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (BAV); (TFM)
| | - Trevor F. Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (BAV); (TFM)
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Bergstrom KSB, Morampudi V, Chan JM, Bhinder G, Lau J, Yang H, Ma C, Huang T, Ryz N, Sham HP, Zarepour M, Zaph C, Artis D, Nair M, Vallance BA. Goblet Cell Derived RELM-β Recruits CD4+ T Cells during Infectious Colitis to Promote Protective Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005108. [PMID: 26285214 PMCID: PMC4540480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and related food and waterborne pathogens pose significant threats to human health. These attaching/effacing microbes infect the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), causing severe diarrheal disease. Colonizing the intestinal luminal surface helps segregate these microbes from most host inflammatory responses. Based on studies using Citrobacter rodentium, a related mouse pathogen, we speculate that hosts rely on immune-mediated changes in IEC, including goblet cells to defend against these pathogens. These changes include a CD4+ T cell-dependent increase in IEC proliferation to replace infected IEC, as well as altered production of the goblet cell-derived mucin Muc2. Another goblet cell mediator, REsistin-Like Molecule (RELM)-β is strongly induced within goblet cells during C. rodentium infection, and was detected in the stool as well as serum. Despite its dramatic induction, RELM-β’s role in host defense is unclear. Thus, wildtype and RELM-β gene deficient mice (Retnlb-/-) were orally infected with C. rodentium. While their C. rodentium burdens were only modestly elevated, infected Retnlb-/- mice suffered increased mortality and mucosal ulceration due to deep pathogen penetration of colonic crypts. Immunostaining for Ki67 and BrDU revealed Retnlb-/- mice were significantly impaired in infection-induced IEC hyper-proliferation. Interestingly, exposure to RELM-β did not directly increase IEC proliferation, rather RELM-β acted as a CD4+ T cell chemoattractant. Correspondingly, Retnlb-/- mice showed impaired CD4+ T cell recruitment to their infected colons, along with reduced production of interleukin (IL)-22, a multifunctional cytokine that directly increased IEC proliferation. Enema delivery of RELM-β to Retnlb-/- mice restored CD4+ T cell recruitment, concurrently increasing IL-22 levels and IEC proliferation, while reducing mucosal pathology. These findings demonstrate that RELM-β and goblet cells play an unexpected, yet critical role in recruiting CD4+ T cells to the colon to protect against an enteric pathogen, in part via the induction of increased IEC proliferation. Food and water-borne bacterial pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) target the epithelial cells that line the inner surface of their host’s intestines, causing inflammation and diarrhea. While professional immune cells including T lymphocytes are well known for promoting host defense, we hypothesized that as the cells in closest contact with these bacterial pathogens, intestinal epithelial cells also play an active and essential role in protecting the host during infection. Infecting mice with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse specific relative of EHEC, we noted a dramatic upregulation in the expression and secretion of the mediator RELM-β by a subset of epithelial cells called goblet cells. Compared to wildtype mice, mice lacking RELM-β showed less epithelial cell proliferation and suffered significantly more intestinal damage during infection. Rather than directly causing epithelial cell proliferation, we found RELM-β instead recruited T lymphocytes to the infected intestine. Upon reaching the intestine, the T lymphocytes produced the cytokine interleukin-22, which directly increased epithelial cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that epithelial/goblet cells play a critical role in orchestrating the host response to an intestinal pathogen, by recruiting T lymphocytes and by promoting epithelial proliferation to limit the intestinal damage suffered during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk S. B. Bergstrom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vijay Morampudi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Justin M. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ganive Bhinder
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caixia Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tina Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Natasha Ryz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ho Pan Sham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maryam Zarepour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colby Zaph
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford Weill Department of Medicine, West Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Meera Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hodgson A, Wier EM, Fu K, Sun X, Yu H, Zheng W, Sham HP, Johnson K, Bailey S, Vallance BA, Wan F. Metalloprotease NleC suppresses host NF-κB/inflammatory responses by cleaving p65 and interfering with the p65/RPS3 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004705. [PMID: 25756944 PMCID: PMC4355070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attaching/Effacing (A/E) pathogens including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the rodent equivalent Citrobacter rodentium are important causative agents of foodborne diseases. Upon infection, a myriad of virulence proteins (effectors) encoded by A/E pathogens are injected through their conserved type III secretion systems (T3SS) into host cells where they interfere with cell signaling cascades, in particular the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway that orchestrates both innate and adaptive immune responses for host defense. Among the T3SS-secreted non-LEE-encoded (Nle) effectors, NleC, a metalloprotease, has been recently elucidated to modulate host NF-κB signaling by cleaving NF-κB Rel subunits. However, it remains elusive how NleC recognizes NF-κB Rel subunits and how the NleC-mediated cleavage impacts on host immune responses in infected cells and animals. In this study, we show that NleC specifically targets p65/RelA through an interaction with a unique N-terminal sequence in p65. NleC cleaves p65 in intestinal epithelial cells, albeit a small percentage of the molecule, to generate the p65¹⁻³⁸ fragment during C. rodentium infection in cultured cells. Moreover, the NleC-mediated p65 cleavage substantially affects the expression of a subset of NF-κB target genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, immune cell infiltration in the colon, and tissue injury in C. rodentium-infected mice. Mechanistically, the NleC cleavage-generated p65¹⁻³⁸ fragment interferes with the interaction between p65 and ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), a 'specifier' subunit of NF-κB that confers a subset of proinflammatory gene transcription, which amplifies the effect of cleaving only a small percentage of p65 to modulate NF-κB-mediated gene expression. Thus, our results reveal a novel mechanism for A/E pathogens to specifically block NF-κB signaling and inflammatory responses by cleaving a small percentage of p65 and targeting the p65/RPS3 interaction in host cells, thus providing novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Wier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC’s Children’s Hospital and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ho Pan Sham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC’s Children’s Hospital and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC’s Children’s Hospital and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Parello CSL, Mayer CL, Lee BC, Motomochi A, Kurosawa S, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ. Shiga toxin 2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress is minimized by activated protein C but does not correlate with lethal kidney injury. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:170-86. [PMID: 25609181 PMCID: PMC4303821 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli produce ribotoxic Shiga toxins (Stx), which are responsible for kidney injury and development of hemolytic uremic syndrome. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is hypothesized to induce apoptosis contributing to organ injury; however, this process has been described only in vitro. ER stress marker transcripts of spliced XBP1 (1.78-fold), HSP40 (4.45-fold) and CHOP (7.69-fold) were up-regulated early in kidneys of Stx2 challenged mice compared to saline controls. Anti-apoptotic Bcl2 decreased (−2.41-fold vs. saline) and pro-apoptotic DR5 increased (6.38-fold vs. saline) at later time points. Cytoprotective activated protein C (APC) reduced early CHOP expression (−3.3-fold vs. untreated), increased later Bcl2 expression (5.8-fold vs. untreated), and had early effects on survival but did not alter DR5 expression. Changes in kidney ER stress and apoptotic marker transcripts were observed in Stx2-producing C. rodentium challenged mice compared to mice infected with a non-toxigenic control strain. CHOP (4.14-fold) and DR5 (2.81-fold) were increased and Bcl2 (−1.65-fold) was decreased. APC reduced CHOP expression and increased Bcl2 expression, but did not alter mortality. These data indicate that Stx2 induces renal ER stress and apoptosis in murine models of Stx2-induced kidney injury, but decreasing these processes alone was not sufficient to alter survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S L Parello
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Chad L Mayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Amanda Motomochi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shinichiro Kurosawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Deborah J Stearns-Kurosawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Heller JJ, Schjerven H, Li S, Lee A, Qiu J, Chen ZME, Smale ST, Zhou L. Restriction of IL-22-producing T cell responses and differential regulation of regulatory T cell compartments by zinc finger transcription factor Ikaros. J Immunol 2014; 193:3934-46. [PMID: 25194055 PMCID: PMC4185244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proper immune responses are needed to control pathogen infection at mucosal surfaces. IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells play an important role in controlling bacterial infection in the gut; however, transcriptional regulation of these cells remains elusive. In this study, we show that mice with targeted deletion of the fourth DNA-binding zinc finger of the transcription factor Ikaros had increased IL-22-producing, but not IL-17-producing, CD4(+) T cells in the gut. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from these Ikaros-mutant mice conferred enhanced mucosal immunity against Citrobacter rodentium infection. Despite an intact in vivo thymic-derived regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in these Ikaros-mutant mice, TGF-β, a cytokine well known for induction of Tregs, failed to induce Foxp3 expression in Ikaros-mutant CD4(+) T cells in vitro and, instead, promoted IL-22. Aberrant upregulation of IL-21 in CD4(+) T cells expressing mutant Ikaros was responsible, at least in part, for the enhanced IL-22 expression in a Stat3-dependent manner. Genetic analysis using compound mutations further demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but not RORγt, was required for aberrant IL-22 expression by Ikaros-mutant CD4(+) T cells, whereas forced expression of Foxp3 was sufficient to inhibit this aberrant cytokine production. Together, our data identified new functions for Ikaros in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis by restricting IL-22 production by CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Heller
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Shiyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Aileen Lee
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ju Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Zong-Ming E Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;
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Singh AK, Eken A, Fry M, Bettelli E, Oukka M. DOCK8 regulates protective immunity by controlling the function and survival of RORγt+ ILCs. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4603. [PMID: 25091235 PMCID: PMC4135384 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt-positive (RORγt(+)) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) produce interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17, which are critical for protective immunity against enteric pathogens. The molecular mechanism underlying the development and survival of RORγt(+) ILCs is not thoroughly understood. Here, we show that Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8), a scaffolding protein involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell migration, is essential for the protective immunity against Citrobacter rodentium. A comparative RNA sequencing-based analysis reveals an impaired induction of antimicrobial peptides in the colon of DOCK8-deficient mice, which correlates with high susceptibility to infection and a very low number of IL-22-producing RORγt(+) ILCs in their GI tract. Furthermore, DOCK8-deficient RORγt(+) ILCs are less responsive to IL-7 mediated signalling, more prone to apoptosis and produce less IL-22 due to a defect in IL-23-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. Our studies reveal an unsuspected role of DOCK8 for the function, generation and survival of RORγt(+) ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Singh
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Mallory Fry
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Benaroya Research Institute, Immunology Program, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Immunology, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Su L, Qi Y, Zhang M, Weng M, Zhang X, Su C, Shi HN. Development of fatal intestinal inflammation in MyD88 deficient mice co-infected with helminth and bacterial enteropathogens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2987. [PMID: 25010669 PMCID: PMC4091940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with intestinal helminth and bacterial pathogens, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, continue to be a major global health threat for children. To determine whether and how an intestinal helminth parasite, Heligomosomoides polygyrus, might impact the TLR signaling pathway during the response to a bacterial enteropathogen, MyD88 knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. polygyrus, the bacterial enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium, or both. We found that MyD88 knockout mice co-infected with H. polygyrus and C. rodentium developed more severe intestinal inflammation and elevated mortality compared to the wild-type mice. The enhanced susceptibility to C. rodentium, intestinal injury and mortality of the co-infected MyD88 knockout mice were found to be associated with markedly reduced intestinal phagocyte recruitment, decreased expression of the chemoattractant KC, and a significant increase in bacterial translocation. Moreover, the increase in bacterial infection and disease severity were found to be correlated with a significant downregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in the intestinal tissue in co-infected MyD88 knockout mice. Our results suggest that the MyD88 signaling pathway plays a critical role for host defense and survival during helminth and enteric bacterial co-infection. Infections with intestinal helminths and enteric bacterial pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) continue to be major global health problems, especially for children. The ability of the host to control bacterial enteropathogens may be influenced by host immune status and by concurrent infections. Helminth parasites are of particular interest in this context because of their ability to modulate host immune responses, and because their geographic distribution coincides with those parts of the world where infections caused by bacterial enteropathogens are most problematic. In this study, we determined how intestinal helminth infection regulates host innate immunity against bacterial enteropathogens by using a murine co-infection model. This model involves co-infection with the intestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus and the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, the murine equivalent of EPEC. The infections were carried out in wild-type mice and in mice lacking MyD88, a protein required for signaling by the Toll-like receptors. We found that co-infection with the helminth parasite significantly worsened Citrobacter-induced colitis in the MyD88-deficient mice, in association with increased mortality and compromised innate immune responses. Our observations demonstrate an important role for MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling in host survival during helminth and enteric bacterial co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yujuan Qi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Qinghai University Medical School, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meiqian Weng
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xichen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chienwen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Assa A, Vong L, Pinnell LJ, Avitzur N, Johnson-Henry KC, Sherman PM. Vitamin D deficiency promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1296-305. [PMID: 24755435 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D, an important modulator of the immune system, has been shown to protect mucosal barrier homeostasis. This study investigates the effects of vitamin D deficiency on infection-induced changes in intestinal epithelial barrier function in vitro and on Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Polarized epithelial Caco2-bbe cells were grown in medium with or without vitamin D and challenged with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Barrier function and tight junction protein expression were assessed. Weaned C57BL/6 mice were fed either a vitamin D-sufficient or vitamin D-deficient diet and then infected with C. rodentium. Disease severity was assessed by histological analysis, intestinal permeability assay, measurement of inflammatory cytokine levels, and microbiome analysis. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D3 altered E. coli O157:H7-induced reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance (P < .01), decreased permeability (P < .05), and preserved barrier integrity. Vitamin D-deficient mice challenged with C. rodentium demonstrated increased colonic hyperplasia and epithelial barrier dysfunction (P < .0001 and P < .05, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency resulted in an altered composition of the fecal microbiome both in the absence and presence of C. rodentium infection. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that vitamin D is an important mediator of intestinal epithelial defenses against infectious agents. Vitamin D deficiency predisposes to more-severe intestinal injury in an infectious model of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Assa
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Linda Vong
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto, Canada
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Serafini N, Klein Wolterink RG, Satoh-Takayama N, Xu W, Vosshenrich CA, Hendriks RW, Di Santo JP. Gata3 drives development of RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2014; 211:199-208. [PMID: 24419270 PMCID: PMC3920560 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) include IL-22-producing NKp46(+) cells and IL-17A/IL-22-producing CD4(+) lymphoid tissue inducerlike cells that express RORγt and are implicated in protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Whereas the transcription factor Gata3 is essential for T cell and ILC2 development from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and for IL-5 and IL-13 production by T cells and ILC2, the role for Gata3 in the generation or function of other ILC subsets is not known. We found that abundant GATA-3 protein is expressed in mucosa-associated ILC3 subsets with levels intermediate between mature B cells and ILC2. Chimeric mice generated with Gata3-deficient fetal liver hematopoietic precursors lack all intestinal RORγt(+) ILC3 subsets, and these mice show defective production of IL-22 early after infection with the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, leading to impaired survival. Further analyses demonstrated that ILC3 development requires cell-intrinsic Gata3 expression in fetal liver hematopoietic precursors. Our results demonstrate that Gata3 plays a generalized role in ILC lineage determination and is critical for the development of gut RORγt(+) ILC3 subsets that maintain mucosal barrier homeostasis. These results further extend the paradigm of Gata3-dependent regulation of diversified innate ILC and adaptive T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Roel G.J. Klein Wolterink
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Wei Xu
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christian A.J. Vosshenrich
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France
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47
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Papapietro O, Gruenheid S. [Rspo2 controls C. rodentium infection outcome in mice]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:688-90. [PMID: 24005619 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013298003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Ahmed I, Roy B, Chandrakesan P, Venugopal A, Xia L, Jensen R, Anant S, Umar S. Evidence of functional cross talk between the Notch and NF-κB pathways in nonneoplastic hyperproliferating colonic epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G356-70. [PMID: 23203159 PMCID: PMC3566617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways regulate stem cell function and inflammation in the gut, respectively. We investigate whether a functional cross talk exists between the two pathways during transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) caused by Citrobacter rodentium (CR). During TMCH, NF-κB activity and subunit phosphorylation in colonic crypts of NIH Swiss mice at days 6 and 12 were associated with increases in downstream target CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-1/keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) expression. Blocking Notch signaling acutely for 5 days with the Notch blocker dibenzazepine (DBZ) failed to inhibit crypt NF-κB activity or CXCL-1/KC expression. Chronic DBZ administration for 10 days, however, blocked Notch and NF-κB signaling in the crypts and abrogated hyperplasia. Intriguingly, chronic Notch inhibition was associated with significant increases in IL-1α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and KC in the crypt-denuded lamina propria or whole distal colon, with concomitant increases in myeloperoxidase activity. In core-3(-/-) mice, which are defective in intestinal mucin, DBZ administration replicated the results of NIH Swiss mice; in Apc(Min/+) mice, which are associated with CR-induced elevation of NF-κB-p65(276) expression, DBZ reversed the increase in NF-κB-p65(276), which may have blocked rapid proliferation of the mutated crypts. DBZ further blocked reporter activities involving the NF-κB-luciferase reporter plasmid or the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB/SEAPorter HEK-293 reporter cell line, while ectopic expression of Notch-N(ICD) reversed the inhibitory effect. Dietary bael (Aegle marmelos) extract (4%) and curcumin (4%) restored Notch and NF-κB cross talk in NIH Swiss mice, inhibited CR/DBZ-induced apoptosis in the crypts, and promoted crypt regeneration. Thus functional cross talk between the Notch and NF-κB pathways during TMCH regulates hyperplasia and/or inflammation in response to CR infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Raczynski AR, Muthupalani S, Schlieper K, Fox JG, Tannenbaum SR, Schauer DB. Enteric infection with Citrobacter rodentium induces coagulative liver necrosis and hepatic inflammation prior to peak infection and colonic disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33099. [PMID: 22427959 PMCID: PMC3302869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic forms of inflammation are known to affect liver responses and susceptibility to disease and injury. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota has been shown critical in mediating inflammatory host responses in various animal models. Using C. rodentium, a known enteric bacterial pathogen, we examined liver responses to gastrointestinal infection at various stages of disease pathogenesis. For the first time, to our knowledge, we show distinct liver pathology associated with enteric infection with C. rodentium in C57BL/6 mice, characterized by increased inflammation and hepatitis index scores as well as prominent periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis indicative of thrombotic ischemic injury in a subset of animals during the early course of C. rodentium pathogenesis. Histologic changes in the liver correlated with serum elevation of liver transaminases, systemic and liver resident cytokines, as well as signal transduction changes prior to peak bacterial colonization and colonic disease. C. rodentium infection in C57BL/6 mice provides a potentially useful model to study acute liver injury and inflammatory stress under conditions of gastrointestinal infection analogous to enteropathogenic E. coli infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz R Raczynski
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Song X, Zhu S, Shi P, Liu Y, Shi Y, Levin SD, Qian Y. IL-17RE is the functional receptor for IL-17C and mediates mucosal immunity to infection with intestinal pathogens. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:1151-8. [PMID: 21993849 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is an orphan receptor of the IL-17 receptor family. Here we show that IL-17RE is a receptor specific to IL-17C and has an essential role in host mucosal defense against infection. IL-17C activated downstream signaling through IL-17RE-IL-17RA complex for the induction of genes encoding antibacterial peptides as well as proinflammatory molecules. IL-17C was upregulated in colon epithelial cells during infection with Citrobacter rodentium and acted in synergy with IL-22 to induce the expression of antibacterial peptides in colon epithelial cells. Loss of IL-17C-mediated signaling in IL-17RE-deficient mice led to lower expression of genes encoding antibacterial molecules, greater bacterial burden and early mortality during infection. Together our data identify IL-17RE as a receptor of IL-17C that regulates early innate immunity to intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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