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Qiao X, Kong N, Sun S, Li X, Jiang C, Luo C, Wang L, Song L. Polymorphisms in the cysteine dioxygenase gene and their association with taurine content in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110981. [PMID: 38642610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is rich in taurine, which is crucial for its adaptation to the fluctuating intertidal environment and presents significant potential in improving taurine nutrition and boosting immunity in humans. Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a key enzyme involved in the initial step of taurine biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in regulating taurine content in the body. In the present study, polymorphisms of CDO gene in C. gigas (CgCDO) and their association with taurine content were evaluated in 198 individuals. A total of 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were identified in the exonic region of CgCDO gene by direct sequencing. Among these SNPs, c.279G>A and c.287C>A were found to be significantly associated with taurine content, with the GG and AA genotype at the two loci exhibiting enhanced taurine accumulation (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis revealed that the 279GG/287AA haplotype had the highest taurine content of 29.24 mg/g, while the 279AA/287CC haplotype showed the lowest taurine content of 21.19 mg/g. These results indicated that the SNPs of CgCDO gene could influence the taurine content in C. gigas and have potential applications in the selective breeding of high-taurine varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Shiqing Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Baykalir Y, Simsek UG, Seker İ, Koseman A, Gul B, Eroglu M, Mutlu SI, Kocyigit S, Karaca M, Demir P. Investigation of the effects of in ovo taurine injection on hatching characteristics and stress reduction potential. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1387. [PMID: 38379352 PMCID: PMC10879721 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovo application is the process of administering some nutrients or components into the egg. The main purpose of this application is to ensure that some nutrients are provided to chicks with a short incubation period. Few studies were conducted with taurine in fertile eggs; especially, no observation of hatchability and chick quality has been found. In addition, taurine has an anti-stress impact that fights oxidative factors. OBJECTIVE To assess the hatchability and chick quality after in ovo taurine administration. To determine the stress that may occur as a result of in ovo application and whether taurine has a stress-reducing effect. METHODS A total of 1200 fertile eggs from a 34-week-old broiler breeder (Ross 308) flock were categorized into 4 groups with 75 eggs per replicate: control (uninjected), taurine group (0.30 mL dissolved taurine in distilled water), sham control (sterile distilled water) and perforation (eggs perforated and then waxed). On day 14 of incubation, an in ovo injection was administered to the albumen. Data on hatching parameters and hepatic HSP70 levels were obtained using relevant formulas and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Control chicks exhibited higher hatchability than other groups, with the taurine group showing the lowest hatchability. The HSP70 levels were the highest in the perforation group compared to the control group. An increase of 21.37% in the taurine group and 83.45% in the sham control group was observed compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that in ovo application may induce increased stress, whereas taurine may have positive effects in mitigating the stress caused by in ovo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Baykalir
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBalikesir UniversityBalikesirTurkey
| | - Ulku Gulcihan Simsek
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | - İbrahim Seker
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | | | - Burcu Gul
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | - Mehmet Eroglu
- Agriculture and Rural Development Support InstitutionElazigTurkey
| | - Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | | | - Mehmet Karaca
- The Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryElazigTurkey
| | - Pelin Demir
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
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Zou H, Zhou Y, Gong L, Huang C, Liu X, Lu R, Yu J, Kong Z, Zhang Y, Lin D. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Improves Exercise Performance by Reducing Oxidative Stress through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:759. [PMID: 38398511 PMCID: PMC10893042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has attracted interest because of its association with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and evidence for the beneficial effects of TMAO is accumulating. This study investigates the role of TMAO in improving exercise performance and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using C2C12 cells, we established an oxidative stress model and administered TMAO treatment. Our results indicate that TMAO significantly protects myoblasts from oxidative stress-induced damage by increasing the expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1), and catalase (CAT). In particular, suppression of Nrf2 resulted in a loss of the protective effects of TMAO and a significant decrease in the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. In addition, we evaluated the effects of TMAO in an exhaustive swimming test in mice. TMAO treatment significantly prolonged swimming endurance, increased glutathione and taurine levels, enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity, and increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes, including HO-1, NQO1, and CAT, in skeletal muscle. These findings underscore the potential of TMAO to counteract exercise-induced oxidative stress. This research provides new insights into the ability of TMAO to alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway, providing a valuable framework for the development of sports nutrition supplements aimed at mitigating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- Physical Education Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.K.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (X.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.K.)
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (X.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruohan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (X.L.); (R.L.)
- Affiliated High School of Minnan, Normal University, Zhangzhou 363005, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.K.)
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.K.)
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.K.)
- China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (X.L.); (R.L.)
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An W, Huang Z, Mao Z, Qiao T, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X. Dietary Taurine Supplementation Improves the Meat Quality, Muscle Fiber Type, and Mitochondrial Function of Finishing Pigs. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:15331-15340. [PMID: 37801406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with taurine (TAU) on the meat quality, muscle fiber type, and mitochondrial function of finishing pigs. The results demonstrated that TAU significantly increased the a* value while decreasing b*45 min, L*24 h, and drip loss24 h and drip loss48 h in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Dietary supplemented with TAU reduced the content of lactate and the glycolytic potential (GP) in the LD muscle. Dietary supplemented with TAU enhanced the oxidative fiber-related gene expression as well as increased succinic dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities while reducing lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with TAU increased the contents of mtDNA and ATP and mitochondrial function-related gene expression. Moreover, TAU enhanced the mRNA expressions of calcineurin (CaN) and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and protein expressions of CNA and NFATc1. The results indicate that dietary TAU supplementation improves meat quality and mitochondrial biogenesis and function and promotes muscle fiber-type conversion from the glycolytic fiber to the oxidative fiber via the CaN/NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting An
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Tianlei Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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Santulli G, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Mone P, Jankauskas SS, Lombardi A. Functional Role of Taurine in Aging and Cardiovascular Health: An Updated Overview. Nutrients 2023; 15:4236. [PMID: 37836520 PMCID: PMC10574552 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Found in various foods and often used in energy drinks and supplements, taurine has been studied extensively to understand its impact on human physiology. Determining its exact functional roles represents a complex and multifaceted topic. We provide an overview of the scientific literature and present an analysis of the effects of taurine on various aspects of human health, focusing on aging and cardiovascular pathophysiology, but also including athletic performance, metabolic regulation, and neurological function. Additionally, our report summarizes the current recommendations for taurine intake and addresses potential safety concerns. Evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that taurine may have beneficial cardiovascular effects, including blood pressure regulation, improved cardiac fitness, and enhanced vascular health. Its mechanisms of action and antioxidant properties make it also an intriguing candidate for potential anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
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Loureiro LL, Ferreira TJ, Cahuê FLC, Bittencourt VZ, Valente AP, Pierucci APTR. Comparison of the effects of pea protein and whey protein on the metabolic profile of soccer athletes: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1210215. [PMID: 37810915 PMCID: PMC10556705 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1210215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pea protein (PP) concentrate is a plant-based alternative to animal protein sources, such as whey protein (WP). In addition to its valuable amino acid composition, PP has a low environmental impact, making it a sustainable, nutritious, and viable alternative for enhanced sports performance, such as in soccer. PP Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of PP and WP supplementation on biochemical and metabolic parameters in soccer players. Methods Twelve male under-20 soccer players were included in this double-blind, randomized crossover intervention study. For 10 consecutive days, each participant received either 0.5 g/kg of the PP or WP supplementation after training, starting 7 days before the test game, and continuing until 2 days after. After a 4-day washout period, the athletes switched groups and the intervention was restarted. Blood samples were collected before and after the game, as well as 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h intervals thereafter. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate (LA), urea, creatinine, and uric acid were analyzed using commercial kits. Exploratory metabolic profiling of the serum samples was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results A comparison of biochemical markers showed that the PP group had lower CK in the post-game moment, 24 h, and 48 h. Lower LA in the post-game moment, and lower ALT in the post-game moment and at 24 h. Of the 48 metabolites analyzed, 22 showed significant differences between the time points, such as amino acids, ketone bodies, and glucose metabolism. Glutamate and lactate levels significantly increased between the pre- and post-game moments in the WP group. After the game, the WP group exhibited reduced levels of metabolites such as arginine and taurine, whereas no such change was observed in the PP group. There was no difference in metabolites 72 h after the game. Conclusions Despite the slight advantage of the PP group in specific biochemical markers, these differences are not sufficient to justify the choice of a particular type of protein. However, the results highlight the viability of plant protein as a potential alternative to animal protein without compromising athletic performance or recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Lannes Loureiro
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tathiany Jéssica Ferreira
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Candido Cahuê
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Zaban Bittencourt
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- CNRMN, Structural Biology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lodge S, Lawler NG, Gray N, Masuda R, Nitschke P, Whiley L, Bong SH, Yeap BB, Dwivedi G, Spraul M, Schaefer H, Gil-Redondo R, Embade N, Millet O, Holmes E, Wist J, Nicholson JK. Integrative Plasma Metabolic and Lipidomic Modelling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Relation to Clinical Severity and Early Mortality Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11614. [PMID: 37511373 PMCID: PMC10380980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrative multi-modal metabolic phenotyping model was developed to assess the systemic plasma sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (rRT-PCR positive) induced COVID-19 disease in patients with different respiratory severity levels. Plasma samples from 306 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were collected in 2020 and classified into four levels of severity ranging from mild symptoms to severe ventilated cases. These samples were investigated using a combination of quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS) platforms to give broad lipoprotein, lipidomic and amino acid, tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, and biogenic amine pathway coverage. All platforms revealed highly significant differences in metabolite patterns between patients and controls (n = 89) that had been collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of significant metabolites increased with severity with 344 out of the 1034 quantitative variables being common to all severity classes. Metabolic signatures showed a continuum of changes across the respiratory severity levels with the most significant and extensive changes being in the most severely affected patients. Even mildly affected respiratory patients showed multiple highly significant abnormal biochemical signatures reflecting serious metabolic deficiencies of the type observed in Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome patients. The most severe respiratory patients had a high mortality (56.1%) and we found that we could predict mortality in this patient sub-group with high accuracy in some cases up to 61 days prior to death, based on a separate metabolic model, which highlighted a different set of metabolites to those defining the basic disease. Specifically, hexosylceramides (HCER 16:0, HCER 20:0, HCER 24:1, HCER 26:0, HCER 26:1) were markedly elevated in the non-surviving patient group (Cliff's delta 0.91-0.95) and two phosphoethanolamines (PE.O 18:0/18:1, Cliff's delta = -0.98 and PE.P 16:0/18:1, Cliff's delta = -0.93) were markedly lower in the non-survivors. These results indicate that patient morbidity to mortality trajectories is determined relatively soon after infection, opening the opportunity to select more intensive therapeutic interventions to these "high risk" patients in the early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nathan G. Lawler
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.B.Y.); (G.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.B.Y.); (G.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | | | | | - Rubén Gil-Redondo
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (N.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (N.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (N.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (N.G.L.); (N.G.); (R.M.); (P.N.); (L.W.); (S.-H.B.); (E.H.)
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, UK
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Singh P, Gollapalli K, Mangiola S, Schranner D, Yusuf MA, Chamoli M, Shi SL, Bastos BL, Nair T, Riermeier A, Vayndorf EM, Wu JZ, Nilakhe A, Nguyen CQ, Muir M, Kiflezghi MG, Foulger A, Junker A, Devine J, Sharan K, Chinta SJ, Rajput S, Rane A, Baumert P, Schönfelder M, Iavarone F, Lorenzo GD, Kumari S, Gupta A, Sarkar R, Khyriem C, Chawla AS, Sharma A, Sarper N, Chattopadhyay N, Biswal BK, Settembre C, Nagarajan P, Targoff KL, Picard M, Gupta S, Velagapudi V, Papenfuss AT, Kaya A, Ferreira MG, Kennedy BK, Andersen JK, Lithgow GJ, Ali AM, Mukhopadhyay A, Palotie A, Kastenmüller G, Kaeberlein M, Wackerhage H, Pal B, Yadav VK. Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging. Science 2023; 380:eabn9257. [PMID: 37289866 PMCID: PMC10630957 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and health span in monkeys. Mechanistically, taurine reduced cellular senescence, protected against telomerase deficiency, suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased DNA damage, and attenuated inflammaging. In humans, lower taurine concentrations correlated with several age-related diseases and taurine concentrations increased after acute endurance exercise. Thus, taurine deficiency may be a driver of aging because its reversal increases health span in worms, rodents, and primates and life span in worms and rodents. Clinical trials in humans seem warranted to test whether taurine deficiency might drive aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Gollapalli
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute; Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Daniela Schranner
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University; Lucknow, India
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Sting L. Shi
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Bruno Lopes Bastos
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN); Nice, France
| | - Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Annett Riermeier
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M. Vayndorf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Judy Z. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya Nilakhe
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Kiflezghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | - Anna Foulger
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Jack Devine
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Rane
- Buck Institute of Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd; California, USA
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Technical University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Swati Kumari
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Costerwell Khyriem
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Amanpreet S. Chawla
- Immunobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- MRC-Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, University of Dundee; Dundee, UK
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Perth, Australia
| | - Nazan Sarper
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli University Hospital; Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Bichitra K. Biswal
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM); Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University; Naples, Italy
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Primate Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Small Animal Research Facility, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Kimara L. Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University; Virginia, USA
| | | | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System; Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Abdullah Mahmood Ali
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, USA
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; WA, USA
| | | | - Bhupinder Pal
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University; Bundoora, Australia
| | - Vijay K. Yadav
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; New York, USA
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University; New York, USA
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Gowda GAN, Abell L, Tian R, Raftery D. Whole Body Distribution of Labile Coenzymes and Antioxidants in a Mouse Model as Visualized Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6029-6037. [PMID: 36988554 PMCID: PMC10089975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A, coenzymes of cellular energy, coenzymes of redox reactions, and antioxidants mediate biochemical reactions fundamental to the functioning of all living cells. There is an immense interest in measuring them routinely in biological specimens to gain insights into their roles in cellular functions and to help characterize the biological status. However, it is challenging to measure them ex vivo as they are sensitive to specimen harvesting, extraction, and measurement conditions. This challenge is largely underappreciated and carries the risk of grossly inaccurate measurements that lead to incorrect inferences. To date, several efforts have been focused on alleviating this challenge using NMR spectroscopy. However, a comprehensive solution for the measurement of the compounds in a wide variety of biological specimens is still lacking. As a part of addressing this challenge, we demonstrate here that the total pool of each group of unstable metabolites offers a starting place for the representation of labile metabolites in biological specimens. Based on this approach, in this proof-of-concept study, we determine the distribution of the labile compounds in different organs including heart, kidney, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle of a mouse model. The results were independently validated using different specimens and a different metabolite extraction protocol. Further, we show that both stable and unstable metabolites were distributed differentially in different organs, which signifies their differential functional roles, the knowledge of which is currently lacking for many metabolites. Intriguingly, the concentration of taurine, an amino sulfonic acid, in skeletal muscle is >30 mM, which is the highest for any metabolite in a mammalian tissue known to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to profile the whole body distribution of the labile and other high-concentration metabolites using NMR spectroscopy. The results may pave ways for gaining new insights into cellular functions in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Lauren Abell
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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Sun B, Maruta H, Ma Y, Yamashita H. Taurine Stimulates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Modulates the Skeletal Muscle Functions in Rats via the Induction of Intracellular Calcium Influx. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free amino acid abundantly found in mammalian tissues. Taurine plays a role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle functions and is associated with exercise capacity. However, the mechanism underlying taurine function in skeletal muscles has not yet been elucidated. In this study, to investigate the mechanism of taurine function in the skeletal muscles, the effects of short-term administration of a relatively low dose of taurine on the skeletal muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats and the underlying mechanism of taurine function in cultured L6 myotubes were investigated. The results obtained in this study in rats and L6 cells indicate that taurine modulates the skeletal muscle function by stimulating the expression of genes and proteins associated with mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase via the calcium signaling pathway.
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Akalp K, Vatansever Ş, Sönmez GT. Effects of acute taurine consumption on single bout of muscular endurance resistance exercise performance and recovery in resistance trained young male adults. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2023; 15:74-82. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: This study investigated the effect of taurine supplementation on exercise performance and recovery from resistance exercise. The study was conducted with a cross-over design in a double-blind manner.
Material and methods: Ten resistance trained males (age 21.4 ± 2.01 years; BMI: 23.6 ± 2.5 kg/m²) ingested either a taurine (0.1g/kg) supplement or placebo (18 mg aspartame) prior to resistance exercise. Vertical jump, flexibility, balance, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), maximal voluntary muscle contraction, speed, lactate, glucose and perceived soreness and strain were assessed. The subjects performed two exercise trials with 1 week wash out interval. Blood samples were collected at baseline and before each exercise (chest press, abdominal crunch and leg extension) to analyse plasma levels of lactate and glucose.
Results: Paired-T test results showed statistically significant increment (p < 0.05) in total volume (kg × #repetitions), chest press volume and leg extension volume. Repeated measure ANOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in lactate and flexibility in trial and time, and in maximal voluntary isometric muscle contraction (MVIC) test in time, trial and trial × time in favour taurine group. No statistically significant differences were found in cardiovascular parameters, glucose, and balance parameters (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, 0.1 g/kg of taurine consumption before resistance exercise could positively affect exercise performance by increasing exercise volume and reducing lactate levels.
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Wang Q, Yang K, Wei X, Qiao W, Chen L. Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes in co-fermentation with human milk-derived probiotics and Poria cocos. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1032870. [PMID: 36578582 PMCID: PMC9791117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To develop functional foods with traditional medicines and homologous food ingredients as well as human milk-derived probiotics, the co-fermentation process of two probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum R9 and Lactobacillus gasseri B1-27, isolated from the human milk of healthy parturients and the traditional medicine and food homologous ingredient Poria cocos, were separately investigated. Results The Poria cocos fermentation broth at 2.5% significantly enhanced the total number of L. plantarum R9 (p = 0.001) and L. gasseri B1-27 (p = 0.013) after 20 h of fermentation, and Non-targeted metabolomics assays conducted before and after fermentation of the human milk-derived L. plantarum R9 and L. gasseri B1-27 using the 2.5% Poria cocos fermentation broth revealed 35 and 45 differential metabolites, respectively. A variety of active substances with physiological functions, such as L-proline, L-serine, beta-alanine, taurine, retinol, luteolin, and serotonin, were found to be significantly increased. Mannitol, a natural sweetener with a low glycemic index, was also identified. The most significantly altered metabolic pathways were pyrimidine metabolism, pentose phosphate, yeast meiosis, ABC transporter, insulin signaling, and mineral absorption, suggesting that co-fermentation of human milk-derived probiotics and Poria cocos may affect the metabolism of trace minerals, sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. Discussion Overall, we determined that the optimal concentration of Poria cocos to be used in co-fermentation was 2.5% and identified more than 35 differentially expressed metabolites in each probiotic bacteria after co-fermentation. Moreover, several beneficial metabolites were significantly elevated as a result of the co-fermentation process indicating the valuable role of Poria cocos as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China,National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China,National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Chen,
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Zhuo P, Ding K, Deng B, Lai K, Zhang S, Zhang L, Yang H. The effect of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on locomotor behaviour and muscle physiology of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114198. [PMID: 36274561 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the predominant congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and it is also a persistent organic pollutant that with a higher detection rate in samples from environment and animals. To date, there have been few studies of the effects of BDE-47 on locomotion in sea cucumbers. In this study, we investigated the influence of different concentrations of BDE-47 (low: 0.1 μg/L; moderate: 1.0 μg/L; high: 10.0 μg/L) on locomotion of Apostichopus japonicus and evaluated changes in their muscle physiology using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The behavioural studies showed that the average and maximum velocity of movement decreased significantly in both the moderate and high BDE-47 groups after 1 day of exposure. In addition, levels of 55 metabolites were identified and characterized in the longitudinal muscle of A. japonicus exposed to BDE-47. The alteration of taurine and norepinephrine levels indicated that BDE-47 had drastic physiological effects on the longitudinal muscle of A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengji Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; North China Sea Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, s, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Beini Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, s, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kaiqi Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, s, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuangli Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, s, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, s, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Murakami S, Funahashi K, Tamagawa N, Ning M, Ito T. Taurine Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Modulating Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:524. [PMID: 35736457 PMCID: PMC9228042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfated amino acid derivative that plays an important role in maintaining the cell function of the living body. Although taurine has been shown to ameliorate diabetes, its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of taurine on diabetes focusing on glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. Type 1 diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) to male C57BL/6J mice. Taurine was dissolved in drinking water at 3% (w/v) and allowed to be freely ingested by diabetic mice. The weight and blood glucose levels were measured weekly. After nine weeks, mice were sacrificed and their serum, liver, and kidney were removed and used for biochemical and histological analyses. A microarray analysis was also performed in normal mice. Taurine alleviated STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia, accompanied by the suppression of the decrease in hepatic glycogen and upregulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic glucose transporter GLUT-2. Furthermore, STZ-induced elevation of oxidative stress in the liver and kidney was suppressed by taurine treatment. These results showed that taurine ameliorated diabetes and diabetic complications by improving hepatic glucose metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.
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Doss HM, Kim JY, Kim KS. Taurine Supplementation Inhibits the Expression of Atrogin-1 and MURF-1, Protein Degradation Marker Genes, in Skeletal Muscle of C26-Induced Cachexia Mouse Model. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ouzia S, Royer AL, Pezzolato M, Benedetto A, Biasibetti E, Guitton Y, Le Bizec B, Bozetta E, Dervilly G. Nandrolone and estradiol biomarkers identification in bovine urine applying a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:879-886. [PMID: 34242491 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of specifically investigating patterns associated with three steroid treatments (17β-nandrolone, 17β-estradiol, and 17β-nandrolone + 17β-estradiol) in bovine, an reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)(+/-)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) study was conducted to characterize the urinary profiles of involved animals. Although specific fingerprints with strong differences could be highlighted between urinary metabolite profiles within urine samples collected on control and treated animals, it appeared further that significant discriminations could also be observed between steroid treatments, evidencing thus specific patterns and candidate biomarkers associated to each treatment. An MS-2 structural elucidation step enabled level-1 identification of two biomarkers mainly involved in energy pathways, in relation to skeletal muscle functioning. These results make it possible to envisage a global strategy for the detection of anabolic practices involving steroids, while at the same time providing clues as to the compounds used, which would facilitate the confirmation stage to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Benedetto
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Bozetta
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale Indagini Biologiche Anabolizzanti Animali - CIBA, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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Holmes E, Wist J, Masuda R, Lodge S, Nitschke P, Kimhofer T, Loo RL, Begum S, Boughton B, Yang R, Morillon AC, Chin ST, Hall D, Ryan M, Bong SH, Gay M, Edgar DW, Lindon JC, Richards T, Yeap BB, Pettersson S, Spraul M, Schaefer H, Lawler NG, Gray N, Whiley L, Nicholson JK. Incomplete Systemic Recovery and Metabolic Phenoreversion in Post-Acute-Phase Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Assessment of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3315-3329. [PMID: 34009992 PMCID: PMC8147448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a multivariate metabotyping approach to assess the functional recovery of nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients and the possible biochemical sequelae of "Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome", colloquially known as long-COVID. Blood samples were taken from patients ca. 3 months after acute COVID-19 infection with further assessment of symptoms at 6 months. Some 57% of the patients had one or more persistent symptoms including respiratory-related symptoms like cough, dyspnea, and rhinorrhea or other nonrespiratory symptoms including chronic fatigue, anosmia, myalgia, or joint pain. Plasma samples were quantitatively analyzed for lipoproteins, glycoproteins, amino acids, biogenic amines, and tryptophan pathway intermediates using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Metabolic data for the follow-up patients (n = 27) were compared with controls (n = 41) and hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (n = 18, with multiple time-points). Univariate and multivariate statistics revealed variable patterns of functional recovery with many patients exhibiting residual COVID-19 biomarker signatures. Several parameters were persistently perturbed, e.g., elevated taurine (p = 3.6 × 10-3 versus controls) and reduced glutamine/glutamate ratio (p = 6.95 × 10-8 versus controls), indicative of possible liver and muscle damage and a high energy demand linked to more generalized tissue repair or immune function. Some parameters showed near-complete normalization, e.g., the plasma apolipoprotein B100/A1 ratio was similar to that of healthy controls but significantly lower (p = 4.2 × 10-3) than post-acute COVID-19 patients, reflecting partial reversion of the metabolic phenotype (phenoreversion) toward the healthy metabolic state. Plasma neopterin was normalized in all follow-up patients, indicative of a reduction in the adaptive immune activity that has been previously detected in active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Other systemic inflammatory biomarkers such as GlycA and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio remained elevated in some, but not all, patients. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal-partial least-squares discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) showed that the follow-up patients were, as a group, metabolically distinct from controls and partially comapped with the acute-phase patients. Significant systematic metabolic differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic follow-up patients were also observed for multiple metabolites. The overall metabolic variance of the symptomatic patients was significantly greater than that of nonsymptomatic patients for multiple parameters (χ2p = 0.014). Thus, asymptomatic follow-up patients including those with post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome displayed a spectrum of multiple persistent biochemical pathophysiology, suggesting that the metabolic phenotyping approach may be deployed for multisystem functional assessment of individual post-acute COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del
Valle, 76001 Cali, Colombia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Torben Kimhofer
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sofina Begum
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Berin Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Aude-Claire Morillon
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sung-Tong Chin
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Drew Hall
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Monique Ryan
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Melvin Gay
- Bruker Pty. Ltd., Preston,
VIC 3072, Australia
| | - Dale W. Edgar
- State Adult Burn Unit, Fiona Stanley
Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Node, The University
of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - John C. Lindon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of
Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,
U.K.
| | - Toby Richards
- Department of Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Medical
School, University of Western Australia,Harry Perkins Building,
Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona
Stanley Hospital, Medical School, University of Western
Australia, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Singapore National NeuroScience
Centre, Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232,
Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine.
Nanyang Technological University, Mandalay Road, Singapore
308232, Singapore
- Department of Life Science Centre,
Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur 47500,
Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nathan G. Lawler
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and
Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009,
Australia
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures
Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin
Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive,
Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation,
Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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18
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Zhou L, Lu R, Huang C, Lin D. Taurine Protects C2C12 Myoblasts From Impaired Cell Proliferation and Myotube Differentiation Under Cisplatin-Induced ROS Exposure. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:685362. [PMID: 34124164 PMCID: PMC8189557 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.685362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer patients, chemotherapeutic medication induces aberrant ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation in skeletal muscles, resulting in myofiber degradation, muscle weakness, and even cachexia, which further leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. Acting as an antioxidant, taurine is extensively used to accelerate postexercise muscle recovery in athletes. The antioxidant effects of taurine have been shown in mature myotubes and myofibers but not yet in myoblasts, the myotube precursor. The proliferation and differentiation ability of myoblasts play a very important role in myofiber repair and regeneration, which is usually impaired during chemotherapeutics in cancer patients as well. Here, we explored the effects of taurine supplementation on C2C12 myoblasts exposed to cisplatin-induced ROS. We found that cisplatin treatment led to dramatically decreased cell viability; accumulated ROS level; down-regulated expressions of MyoD1 (myoblast determination protein 1), myogenin, and MHC (myosin heavy chain); and impaired myotube differentiation in myoblasts. Significantly, taurine supplementation protected myoblasts against cisplatin-induced cell viability decrease, promoted cellular ROS clearance, and, most importantly, preserved the expressions of MyoD1, myogenin, and MHC as well as myotube differentiation ability. We further conducted NMR-based metabolomic analysis to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. We identified 14 characteristic metabolites primarily responsible for the discrimination of metabolic profiles between cisplatin-treated cells and normal counterparts, including increased levels of BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids: leucine and isoleucine), alanine, glycine, threonine, glucose, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), phenylalanine, and PC (O-phosphocholine), and decreased levels of lysine, β-alanine, choline, GPC (sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and myo-inositol. Evidently, taurine supplementation partially reversed the changing trends of several metabolites (isoleucine, threonine, glycine, PC, β-alanine, lysine, and myo-inositol). Furthermore, taurine supplementation promoted the proliferation and myotube differentiation of myoblasts by alleviating cellular catabolism, facilitating GSH (reduced glutathione) biosynthesis, improving glucose utilization and TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle anaplerosis, and stabilizing cellular membranes. Our results demonstrated the protective effects of taurine on cisplatin-impaired myoblasts and elucidated the mechanistic rationale for the use of taurine to ameliorate muscle toxicity in clinical chemotherapy cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruohan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine has become a popular supplement among athletes attempting to improve performance. While the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid remains controversial, this paper summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of taurine in aerobic and anaerobic performance, metabolic stress, muscle soreness, and recovery. METHODS Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through September 2020. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated taurine as a single ingredient at dosages of < 1 g - 6 g, ranging from 10 to 15 min-to-2 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days- 8 weeks) of consumption were included. Articles were excluded if taurine was not the primary or only ingredient in a supplement or food source, not published in peer-reviewed journals, if participants were older than 50 years, articles published before 1999, animal studies, or included participants with health issues. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. RESULTS Key results include improvements in the following: VO2max, time to exhaustion (TTE; n = 5 articles), 3 or 4 km time-trial (n = 2 articles), anaerobic performance (n = 7 articles), muscle damage (n = 3 articles), peak power (n = 2 articles), recovery (n = 1 article). Taurine also caused a change in metabolites: decrease in lactate, creatine kinase, phosphorus, inflammatory markers, and improved glycolytic/fat oxidation markers (n = 5 articles). Taurine dosing appears to be effective at ~ 1-3 g/day acutely across a span of 6-15 days (1-3 h before an activity) which may improve aerobic performance (TTE), anaerobic performance (strength, power), recovery (DOMS), and a decrease in metabolic markers (creatine kinase, lactate, inorganic phosphate). CONCLUSIONS Limited and varied findings prohibit definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of taurine on aerobic and anaerobic performance and metabolic outcomes. There are mixed findings for the effect of taurine consumption on improving recovery from training bouts and/or mitigating muscle damage. The timing of taurine ingestion as well as the type of exercise protocol performed may contribute to the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid. More investigations are needed to better understand the potential effects of taurine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance, muscle damage, metabolic stress, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kurtz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - J Andrew Doyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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20
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Varillas-Delgado D. Energy Drinks and Sports Performance, Cardiovascular Risk, and Genetic Associations; Future Prospects. Nutrients 2021; 13:715. [PMID: 33668219 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of energy drinks (e.g., containing caffeine and taurine) has increased over the last decade among adolescents and athletes to enhance their cognitive level and improve intellectual and athletic performance. Numerous studies have shown that drinking moderate doses of such drinks produces beneficial effects, as they considerably boost the sporting performance of elite athletes in various sports, including both endurance and explosive events. However, apart from their ergogenic effects, the regular consumption of energy drinks also increases blood pressure and consequently incites problems such as hypertension, tachycardia, and nervousness, all of which can lead to cardiovascular disorders. A potential positive correlation between genetics and the moderate consumption of energy drinks and athletic performance has recently been reported; notwithstanding, a better understanding of the genetic variants involved in metabolism is a key area for future research to optimize the dose of energy drink consumed and obtain the maximal ergogenic effect in elite sports. The aim of this literature review, therefore, is to present the results of recent studies, classifying them according to the differences in the associations between energy drinks and: (i) Athletic performance; (ii) cardiovascular risk factors while practicing sports; and (iii) genetic associations and future prospects between the consumption of energy drinks and performance.
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21
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Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Furtado GE, Santos ML, Ferreira JP, Filaire E, Teixeira AM. Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women. Amino Acids 2021; 53:333-345. [PMID: 33586039 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contributes to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and those conditions could be attenuated by non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies, such as exercise and supplementation with the amino acid taurine. Since taurine body content decreases with aging, we investigated the effects of supplementation (alone and combined with exercise) on oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, white blood cells, neurotrophins, cognition and physical fitness of elderly women. Forty-eight women (83.58 ± 6.98 years) were enrolled into exercise training only (EO: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TS: n = 12), exercise training + taurine supplementation (ETTS: n = 11), and control group (CG: n = 12). All interventions lasted 14 weeks. Exercise was applied twice a week, and taurine was given once a day (1.5 g). Data collection occurred before and after interventions with the determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, and white blood cell counts (WBC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and physical fitness tests were also evaluated. Concentration of MPO and MMP-9 decreased after intervention in TS (p < 0.05). No effect of time or time × group was observed for WBC parameters; however, univariate analysis showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes for TS, while an increase in monocytes occurred in the CG (p < 0.05). MoCA scores decreased over time in the CG (p < 0.05). Improvements in physical fitness occurred in ETTS (better agility and aerobic capacity), mostly likely due to exercise and boosted by taurine supplementation. No changes in BDNF levels were observed (p > 0.05), while NGF concentration were undetectable in almost subjects. Exercise together with taurine supplementation appears to be a valuable strategy to enhance health-related outcomes in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Uba Chupel
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Leonardo Santos
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edith Filaire
- CIAMS Laboratory, EA 4532, University of Paris-Sud, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Olsen T, Sollie O, Nurk E, Turner C, Jernerén F, Ivy JL, Vinknes KJ, Clauss M, Refsum H, Jensen J. Exhaustive Exercise and Post-exercise Protein Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation Affect Plasma and Urine Concentrations of Sulfur Amino Acids, the Ratio of Methionine to Homocysteine and Glutathione in Elite Male Cyclists. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609335. [PMID: 33384615 PMCID: PMC7769812 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tissue sulfur amino acid (SAA) availability are crucial for intracellular methylation reactions and cellular antioxidant defense, which are important processes during exercise and in recovery. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial among eight elite male cyclists, we explored the effect of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrates and protein (CHO+PROT) vs. carbohydrates (CHO) on plasma and urine SAAs, a potential new marker of methylation capacity (methionine/total homocysteine ratio [Met/tHcy]) and related metabolites. The purpose of the study was to further explore the role of SAAs in exercise and recovery. Athletes cycled to exhaustion and consumed supplements immediately after and in 30 min intervals for 120 min post-exercise. After ~18 h recovery, performance was tested in a time trial in which the CHO+PROT group cycled 8.5% faster compared to the CHO group (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min, p < 0.05). Plasma methionine decreased by ~23% during exhaustive exercise. Two h post-exercise, further decline in methionine had occured by ~55% in the CHO group vs. ~33% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001). The Met/tHcy ratio decreased by ~33% during exhaustive exercise, and by ~54% in the CHO group vs. ~27% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001) post-exercise. Plasma cystathionine increased by ~72% in the CHO group and ~282% in the CHO+PROT group post-exercise (pgroup × time < 0.001). Plasma total cysteine, taurine and total glutathione increased by 12% (p = 0.03), 85% (p < 0.001) and 17% (p = 0.02), respectively during exhaustive exercise. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we report upregulated transcript levels of skeletal muscle SLC7A5 (log2 fold-change: 0.45, FDR:1.8e−07) and MAT2A (log2 fold-change: 0.38, FDR: 3.4e−0.7) after acute exercise. Our results show that exercise acutely lowers plasma methionine and the Met/tHcy ratio. This response was attenuated in the CHO+PROT compared to the CHO group in the early recovery phase potentially affecting methylation capacity and contributing to improved recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ove Sollie
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,National Institute of Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John L Ivy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Clauss
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Whitfield J, Harris RC, Broad EM, Patterson AK, Ross MLR, Shaw G, Spriet LL, Burke LM. Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:280-283. [PMID: 33075232 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study determined if supplementation with pantothenic acid (PA) for 16 weeks could increase skeletal muscle coenzyme A (CoASH) content and exercise performance. Trained male cyclists (n = 14) were matched into control or PA (6 g·day-1) groups. At 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, subjects performed an incremental time to exhaustion cycle with muscle biopsies taken prior to and following exercise. Prolonged PA supplementation did not change skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl-CoA contents or exercise performance. Novelty: Supplementation with pantothenic acid for 16 weeks had no effect on skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl-CoA content or exercise performance in trained male cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Whitfield
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Megan L R Ross
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia
| | - Gregory Shaw
- Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Louise M Burke
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia
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24
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Pirinen E, Auranen M, Khan NA, Brilhante V, Urho N, Pessia A, Hakkarainen A, Kuula J, Heinonen U, Schmidt MS, Haimilahti K, Piirilä P, Lundbom N, Taskinen MR, Brenner C, Velagapudi V, Pietiläinen KH, Suomalainen A. Niacin Cures Systemic NAD + Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1078-1090.e5. [PMID: 32386566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is a redox-active metabolite, the depletion of which has been proposed to promote aging and degenerative diseases in rodents. However, whether NAD+ depletion occurs in patients with degenerative disorders and whether NAD+ repletion improves their symptoms has remained open. Here, we report systemic NAD+ deficiency in adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy patients. We administered an increasing dose of NAD+-booster niacin, a vitamin B3 form (to 750-1,000 mg/day; clinicaltrials.govNCT03973203) for patients and their matched controls for 10 or 4 months, respectively. Blood NAD+ increased in all subjects, up to 8-fold, and muscle NAD+ of patients reached the level of their controls. Some patients showed anemia tendency, while muscle strength and mitochondrial biogenesis increased in all subjects. In patients, muscle metabolome shifted toward controls and liver fat decreased even 50%. Our evidence indicates that blood analysis is useful in identifying NAD+ deficiency and points niacin to be an efficient NAD+ booster for treating mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
| | - Mari Auranen
- Research Program of Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nahid A Khan
- Research Program of Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Virginia Brilhante
- Research Program of Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Niina Urho
- Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo 12200, Finland
| | - Juho Kuula
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Heinonen
- Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimmo Haimilahti
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Obesity Centre, Abdominal Centre, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Program of Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; HUSlab, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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Ahmadi S, Wang S, Nagpal R, Wang B, Jain S, Razazan A, Mishra SP, Zhu X, Wang Z, Kavanagh K, Yadav H. A human-origin probiotic cocktail ameliorates aging-related leaky gut and inflammation via modulating the microbiota/taurine/tight junction axis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132055. [PMID: 32302292 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Although its precise etiology is unknown, low-grade inflammation in older adults is commonly associated with increased intestinal epithelial permeability (leaky gut) and abnormal (dysbiotic) gut microbiota. The increasing older population and lack of treatments to reduce aging-related microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and inflammation culminates in a rise in aging-related comorbidities, constituting a significant public health concern. Here, we demonstrate that a human-origin probiotic cocktail containing 5 Lactobacillus and 5 Enterococcus strains isolated from healthy infant gut prevented high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, inflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, and physical function decline in older mice. Probiotic-modulated gut microbiota primarily reduced leaky gut by increasing tight junctions, which in turn reduced inflammation. Mechanistically, probiotics modulated microbiota in a way to increase bile salt hydrolase activity, which in turn increased taurine abundance in the gut that stimulated tight junctions and suppressed gut leakiness. Furthermore, in Caenorhabditis elegans, taurine increased life span, reduced adiposity and leaky gut, and enhanced physical function. The results suggest that such probiotic therapies could prevent or treat aging-related leaky gut and inflammation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sidharth P Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology-Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
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26
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Engelen MPKJ, Jonker R, Thaden JJ, Ten Have GAM, Jeon MS, Dasarathy S, Deutz NEP. Comprehensive metabolic flux analysis to explain skeletal muscle weakness in COPD. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3056-3065. [PMID: 32035752 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic characterization of a well-defined group of patients could be a powerful tool in revealing metabolic signatures to explain limb muscle weakness in chronic diseases. Studies are currently limited in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to the identification of differential amino acid concentrations but lack comprehensive analysis of the flux through relevant muscle function related metabolic pathways. METHODS In 23 stable patients with moderate to very severe COPD and 19 healthy controls, a comprehensive metabolic flux analysis was conducted by administering an intravenous pulse and primed constant infusion of multiple stable tracers of amino acids known to play a role in muscle health. Blood samples were obtained to calculate production (WBP) and interconversion rates, and plasma concentrations of these amino acids. Lower and upper limb muscle strength, muscle mass, lung function, physical activity level, and disease history and characteristics were assessed. RESULTS The COPD group was characterized by lower and upper limb muscle weakness (P < 0.01) despite preserved muscle mass. Higher values were found in COPD for plasma glutamine, WBP of leucine (P < 0.001), 3-methylhistidine (P < 0.01) (marker of enhanced myofibrillar protein breakdown), citrulline (P < 0.05), and arginine to citrulline conversion (P < 0.05) (reflecting enhanced nitric oxide synthesis). Plasma concentration of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB with anticatabolic, anabolic and contractile properties), WBP of glycine (precursor of creatine and glutathione), and transcutaneous O2 saturation explained up to 79% and 65% of the variation in strength of the lower and upper limb muscles, respectively, in COPD. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive metabolic flux analysis revealed a homogenous metabolic signature in stable patients with COPD and a specific metabolic profile in those with skeletal muscle weakness. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No. NCT01787682; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Renate Jonker
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John J Thaden
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Moon Sun Jeon
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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27
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Wang C, Zhu Y, Wu D, Wang Z, Xu X, Shi Y, Yang G, Yu Y, Peng X. The role of PDIA3 in myogenesis during muscle regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:105-117. [PMID: 31956274 PMCID: PMC7000731 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta 3 (β3) integrin plays an important role in the initiation of myogenesis in adult muscle. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) can activate β3 integrin in various cells to promote cell migration, adhesion and fusion. However, the effect of PDIs on myogenesis during muscle regeneration has not been elucidated. Here, we report that PDIA3 expression is induced in regenerating myofibers. The inhibition of PDIA3 in muscle injuries in mice disrupts myoblast differentiation, impairs muscle regeneration, and ultimately aggravates muscle damage. Moreover, PDIA3 expression is upregulated and observed on the cell surfaces of myoblasts during differentiation and fusion. The inhibition of extracellular PDIA3 with an anti-PDIA3 monoclonal antibody attenuates β3 integrin/AKT/mTOR signal activity, inhibits myoblast differentiation, and blocks the fusion of myoblasts. Thus, PDIA3 may be a mediator of myoblast differentiation and fusion during muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610011, China
| | - Yuanjiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zien Wang
- Department of Burns, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610011, China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongming Yu
- Shriners Burns Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (The Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Burns, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Shriners Burns Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Proteins and its building blocks, amino acids, have many physiological roles in the body. While some amino acids can be synthesized endogenously, exogenous protein and amino acids are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Because skeletal muscle contains a large portion of endogenous protein and plays important roles in movement, regulation, and metabolism, imbalanced protein and amino acid availability may result in clinical conditions including skeletal muscle atrophy, impaired muscle growth or regrowth, and functional decline. Aging is associated with changes in protein metabolism and multiple physiological and functional alterations in the skeletal muscle that are accentuated by decreased dietary protein intake and impaired anabolic responses to stimuli. Inactivity and chronically elevated inflammation of the skeletal muscle can initiate and/or augment pathological remodeling of the tissue (i.e., increase of fat and fibrotic tissues and atrophy of the muscle). Defining an adequate amount of dietary protein that is appropriate to maintain the availability of amino acids for biological needs is necessary but is still widely debated for older adults. This chapter will provide (i) an overview of dietary protein and amino acids and their role in skeletal muscle health; (ii) an overview of skeletal muscle structure and function and the deterioration of muscle that occurs with advancing age; (iii) a discussion of the relationship between protein/amino acid metabolism and skeletal muscle decline with aging; and (iv) a brief discussion of optimal protein intakes for older adults to maintain skeletal muscle health in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Barre
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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29
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van der Meij BS, Deutz NE, Rodriguez RE, Engelen MP. Increased amino acid turnover and myofibrillar protein breakdown in advanced cancer are associated with muscle weakness and impaired physical function. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2399-2407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Supinski GS, Wang L, Schroder EA, Callahan LAP. Taurine administration ablates sepsis induced diaphragm weakness. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 271:103289. [PMID: 31505275 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection induced diaphragm weakness is a major contributor to death and prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Infection induced muscle dysfunction is associated with activation of muscle proteolytic enzymes, and taurine is known to suppress proteolysis. We therefore postulated that taurine administration may prevent infection induced diaphragm dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using a clinically relevant animal model of infection, i.e. cecal ligation puncture induced sepsis (CLP). Studies were performed on (n = 5-7 mice/group): (a) sham operated controls, (b) animals with sepsis induced by CLP, (c) sham operated animals given taurine (75 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneally), and (d) CLP animals given taurine. At intervals after surgery animals were euthanized, diaphragm force generation measured in vitro, and diaphragm calpain, caspase and proteasomal activity determined. CLP elicited a large reduction in diaphragm specific force generation at 24 h (1-150 Hz, p < 0.001) and taurine significantly attenuated CLP induced diaphragm weakness at all stimulation frequencies (p < 0.001). CLP induced significant increases in diaphragm calpain, caspase and proteasomal activity; taurine administration prevented increases in the activity of all three pathways. In additional time course experiments, diaphragm force generation remained at control levels over 72 h in CLP animals treated with daily taurine administration, while CLP animals demonstrated severe, sustained reductions in diaphragm strength (p < 0.01 for all time points). Our results indicate that taurine administration prevents infection induced diaphragm weakness and reduces activation of three major proteolytic pathways. Because this agent is has been shown to be safe, non-toxic when administered to humans, taurine may have a role in treating infection induced diaphragm weakness. Future clinical studies will be needed to assess this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Supinski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Leigh Ann P Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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31
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Chen C, Xia S, He J, Lu G, Xie Z, Han H. Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication. Life Sci 2019; 231:116584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Pitti E, Petrella G, Di Marino S, Summa V, Perrone M, D'Ottavio S, Bernardini A, Cicero DO. Salivary Metabolome and Soccer Match: Challenges for Understanding Exercise induced Changes. Metabolites 2019; 9:E141. [PMID: 31336760 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva samples of seventeen soccer players were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance before and after an official match. Two different ways of normalizing data are discussed, using total proteins and total metabolite concentrations. Changes in markers related to energy, hydration status, amino acids and other compounds were found. The limits and advantages of using saliva to define the systemic responses to exercise are examined, both in terms of data normalization and interpretation, and the time that the effect lasts in this biofluid, which is shorter to that commonly observed in blood. The heterogeneous nature and different timing of the exercise developed by players also plays an important role in the metabolic changes that can be measured. Our work focuses mainly on three different aspects: The effect that time sampling has on the observed effect, the type of normalization that is necessary to perform in order to cope with changes in water content, and the metabolic response that can be observed using saliva.
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Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Schuh K, Dusel G, Frieten D, Koch C, Prehn C, Adamski J, Sauerwein H. Biogenic amines: Concentrations in serum and skeletal muscle from late pregnancy until early lactation in dairy cows with high versus normal body condition score. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6571-6586. [PMID: 31056318 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BA) are a class of nitrogenous compounds that are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, but their role in transition cows is poorly understood. Our objectives were to describe the longitudinal changes of BA in serum and in skeletal muscle during the transition period and to characterize temporal responses of BA in relation to body condition score (BCS) of periparturient dairy cows. Fifteen weeks before calving, 36 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups (n = 18 per group) that were fed differently to reach either high [HBCS; net energy for lactation (NEL) = 7.2 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM)] or normal BCS (NBCS; NEL = 6.8 MJ/kg of DM) at dry-off. The targeted BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) at dry-off (HBCS, >3.75 and >1.4 cm; NBCS, <3.5 and <1.2 cm) were reached. Thereafter, both groups were fed identical diets. Blood samples and muscle (semitendinosus) biopsies were collected at d -49, +3, +21, and +84 relative to parturition. In serum and skeletal muscle, BA concentrations were measured using a targeted metabolomics assay. The data were analyzed as a repeated measure using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The serum concentrations of most BA (i.e., creatinine, taurine, carnosine putrescine, spermine, α-aminoadipic acid, acetylornithine, kynurenine, serotonin, hydroxyproline, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine) fluctuated during the transition period, while others (i.e., spermidine, phenylethylamine) did not change with time. The muscle concentrations of BA remained unchanged over time. Creatinine had the highest concentrations in the serum, while carnosine had the highest concentration among the muscle BA. The serum concentrations of creatinine (d +21), putrescine (d +84), α-aminoadipic acid (d +3), and hydroxyproline (d +21) were or tended to be higher for HBCS compared with NBCS postpartum. The serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (d -49) and acetylornithine (d +84) were or tended to be lower for HBCS compared with NBCS, respectively. The serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d +84). Compared with NBCS, HBCS was associated with lower muscle concentrations of carnosine, but those of hydroxyproline were higher (d -49). In both serum and muscle, the asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d -49). No correlation was found between serum and skeletal muscle BA. This study indicates that overconditioning of dairy cows may influence serum and muscle BA concentrations in the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - K Schuh
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - G Dusel
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dörte Frieten
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - C Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Milczarek M, Czopowicz M, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Witkowski L, Nalbert T, Markowska-Daniel I, Bagnicka E, Puchała R, Kosieradzka I, Kaba J. Metabolomic profile of young male goats seropositive to small ruminant lentivirus – A longitudinal study. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Maslov D, Trifonova O, Mikhailov A, Zolotarev K, Nakhod K, Nakhod V, Belyaeva N, Mikhailova M, Lokhov P, Archakov A. Comparative Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Metabolites of Fish with Various Rates of Aging. Fishes 2019; 4:25. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish species exhibit great diversity rating of aging (from negligible to rapid), which gives a unique possibility for the discovery of the molecular mechanisms that determine the differences in the rate of aging. A mass spectrometric metabolic profiling of skeletal muscle of fish with various aging rates was carried out by direct injection to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The first group includes long-lived fish species (pike (Esox Lucius) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus); the second group—species with gradual senescence such as that observed in many mammalian species of similar size (zander (Sandra lucioperca) and perch (Perca fluviatilis)) and the third group—species with very short life cycle (chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)). Multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles allowed the detecting of about 80 group-specific features associated with amino acids, lipids, biogenic amines, intermediates of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and citric acid cycle. Possible roles in the aging process are hypothesized for the biochemical pathways of the metabolites that were altered in the different groups.
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Fang H, Meng F, Piao F, Jin B, Li M, Li W. Effect of Taurine on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Cells in Peyer's Patches of Immunosuppressive Mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1155:13-24. [PMID: 31468382 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which has strong activities in enhancing immunity. Gut microbiota is closely interrelated with intestinal mucosal immunity, but the effects and mechanisms of taurine on intestinal microbiota and mucosal immune cells under an immunosuppressive condition remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of taurine on gut microbiota and immune cells in Peyer's patches (PPs) of dexamethasone (Dex)-induced immunosuppressive mice. Mice (4-week-old, Male) were randomly divided into three groups: the Control group (n = 12), the Dex-induced immunosuppressive model group (n = 12) and the taurine intervention group (n = 12). The model was established by Dex injection for 7 days and the taurine intervention group was gavaged 100 mg/kg soluble taurine for 30 days. The changes of intestinal microbiota and immune cells in PPs were tested by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results showed that the microbiota in immunosuppressive mice was obvious different compared with control group, in which, the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae groups were significantly reduced, and their reduction were reversed after taurine intervention. Compared to the control group, the total cell number in PPs, as well as the subsets of CD3+ cells (T cells), CD19+ cells (B cells) in model groups were significantly lower, and they were dramatically improved after taurine treatment. Our results suggested that taurine has a positive effect on i ntestinal homeostasis of the immunosuppressive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanpeng Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Fundamental and Applied Cryobiology Group, Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
Presently, sports and energy drinks are widely spread not only among athletes, but also among ordinary people of different ages. The purpose of these beverages is to effectively compensate for the loss of water, energy and electrolytes in the human body before or after some exhausting activities. A questionnaire survey on energy drinks conducted in all eight federal districts of the Russian Federation shows that the younger groups of the Russian population (aged 12–17 and 18–30) drink tonic beverages more often than the older groups (aged 31–45 and 45–60). Further, a recent rise in unreasonable consumption of sports and energy drinks among teenagers may lead to various diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and tooth enamel erosion. Finally, the authors analyse the composition of energy beverages and thoroughly describe each of their main components (L-carnitine, creatine, caffeine, taurine, and juice-containing products). These components are used by athletes due to their effects: L-carnitine helps reduce the signs of physical and mental overstrain, and stimulates working capacity; creatine improves endurance and anaerobic activity; caffeine raises aerobic endurance by increasing the oxidation of fats, thereby helping preserve glycogen in the muscles; taurine plays an important role as an antioxidant protector in the regulation of Ca++ transport, and as a regulator of osmotic pressure in the tissues.
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Abstract
There has been recent interest in the ergogenic effects of caffeine delivered in low doses (~ 200 mg or ~ 3 mg/kg body mass) and administered in forms other than capsules, coffee and sports drinks, including chewing gum, bars, gels, mouth rinses, energy drinks and aerosols. Caffeinated chewing gum is absorbed quicker through the buccal mucosa compared with capsule delivery and absorption in the gut, although total caffeine absorption over time is not different. Rapid absorption may be important in many sporting situations. Caffeinated chewing gum improved endurance cycling performance, and there is limited evidence that repeated sprint cycling and power production may also be improved. Mouth rinsing with caffeine may stimulate nerves with direct links to the brain, in addition to caffeine absorption in the mouth. However, caffeine mouth rinsing has not been shown to have significant effects on cognitive performance. Delivering caffeine with mouth rinsing improved short-duration, high-intensity, repeated sprinting in normal and depleted glycogen states, while the majority of the literature indicates no ergogenic effect on aerobic exercise performance, and resistance exercise has not been adequately studied. Studies with caffeinated energy drinks have generally not examined the individual effects of caffeine on performance, making conclusions about this form of caffeine delivery impossible. Caffeinated aerosol mouth and nasal sprays may stimulate nerves with direct brain connections and enter the blood via mucosal and pulmonary absorption, although little support exists for caffeine delivered in this manner. Overall, more research is needed examining alternate forms of caffeine delivery including direct measures of brain activation and entry of caffeine into the blood, as well as more studies examining trained athletes and female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Wickham
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Murphy S, Zweyer M, Henry M, Meleady P, Mundegar RR, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of liver tissue from the mdx- 4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:34. [PMID: 30386187 PMCID: PMC6205794 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly complex multi-system disease caused by primary abnormalities in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Besides progressive skeletal muscle degeneration, this neuromuscular disorder is also associated with pathophysiological perturbations in many other organs including the liver. To determine potential proteome-wide alterations in liver tissue, we have used a comparative and mass spectrometry-based approach to study the dystrophic mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy. Methods The comparative proteomic profiling of mdx-4cv versus wild type liver extracts was carried out with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. The distribution of identified liver proteins within protein families and potential protein interaction patterns were analysed by systems bioinformatics. Key findings on fatty acid binding proteins were confirmed by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results The proteomic analysis revealed changes in a variety of protein families, affecting especially fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, biotransformation, the cellular stress response and ion handling in the mdx-4cv liver. Drastically increased protein species were identified as fatty acid binding protein FABP5, ferritin and calumenin. Decreased liver proteins included phosphoglycerate kinase, apolipoprotein and perilipin. The drastic change in FABP5 was independently verified by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusions The proteomic results presented here indicate that the intricate and multifaceted pathogenesis of the mdx-4cv model of dystrophinopathy is associated with secondary alterations in the liver affecting especially fatty acid transportation. Since FABP5 levels were also shown to be elevated in serum from dystrophic mice, this protein might be a useful indicator for monitoring liver changes in X-linked muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- 2Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Henry
- 3National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- 3National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Rustam R Mundegar
- 2Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- 2Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Wesselink E, Koekkoek WAC, Grefte S, Witkamp RF, van Zanten ARH. Feeding mitochondria: Potential role of nutritional components to improve critical illness convalescence. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:982-995. [PMID: 30201141 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent physical impairment is frequently encountered after critical illness. Recent data point towards mitochondrial dysfunction as an important determinant of this phenomenon. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge of mitochondrial function during and after critical illness and the role and potential therapeutic applications of specific micronutrients to restore mitochondrial function. Increased lactate levels and decreased mitochondrial ATP-production are common findings during critical illness and considered to be associated with decreased activity of muscle mitochondrial complexes in the electron transfer system. Adequate nutrient levels are essential for mitochondrial function as several specific micronutrients play crucial roles in energy metabolism and ATP-production. We have addressed the role of B vitamins, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, selenium, zinc, coenzyme Q10, caffeine, melatonin, carnitine, nitrate, lipoic acid and taurine in mitochondrial function. B vitamins and lipoic acid are essential in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while selenium, α-tocopherol, Coenzyme Q10, caffeine, and melatonin are suggested to boost the electron transfer system function. Carnitine is essential for fatty acid beta-oxidation. Selenium is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Notwithstanding the documented importance of several nutritional components for optimal mitochondrial function, at present, there are no studies providing directions for optimal requirements during or after critical illness although deficiencies of these specific micronutrients involved in mitochondrial metabolism are common. Considering the interplay between these specific micronutrients, future research should pay more attention to their combined supply to provide guidance for use in clinical practise. REVISION NUMBER: YCLNU-D-17-01092R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wesselink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - W A C Koekkoek
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716, Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - S Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 DW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A R H van Zanten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716, Ede, The Netherlands.
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Thirupathi A, Freitas S, Sorato HR, Pedroso GS, Effting PS, Damiani AP, Andrade VM, Nesi RT, Gupta RC, Muller AP, Pinho RA. Modulatory effects of taurine on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in a mice model of muscle overuse. Nutrition 2018; 54:158-164. [PMID: 29982143 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of taurine on the biochemical parameters of muscle injury by overuse. METHODS Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control (Ctrl), overuse (Ov), taurine (Tau), and overuse plus taurine (OvTau). High-intensity exercise sessions were administered for 21 d with concomitant subcutaneous injections of taurine (150 mg/kg). The mice were then sacrificed. The quadriceps muscles were surgically removed for subsequent histologic analysis and evaluation of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress parameters, tissue repair, and DNA damage markers. RESULTS The Ov group showed significant differences compared with the Ctrl group (all P <0.05). The fiber area decreased by 49.34%, whereas the centralized nuclei contents (Ctrl = 1.33%; Ov = 28.67%), membrane potential (Ctrlsuc = 179.05 arbitrary fluorescence units (AFUs), Ctrlsuc+ADP = 198.11 AFUs; Ovsuc = 482.95 AFUs, Ovsuc+ADP = 461.6 AFUs), complex I activity (Ctrl = 20.45 nmol ⋅ min ⋅ mg protein, Ov = 45.25 nmol ⋅ min ⋅ mg protein), hydrogen peroxide (Ctrlsuc = 1.08 relative fluorescence unit (RFU) ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, Ctrlsuc+ADP = 0.23 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein; Ovsuc = 5.02 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, Ovsuc+ADP = 0.26 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein) and malondialdehyde (Ctrl = 0.03 nmol ⋅ mg ⋅ protein, Ov = 0.06 nmol ⋅ mg ⋅ protein) levels, and DNA damage (Ctrlfreq = 7.17%, Ovfreq = 31.17%; Ctrlindex = 4.17, Ovindex = 72.5) were increased. Taurine administration reduced the number of centralized nuclei (OvTau = 5%), hydrogen peroxide levels (OvTausuc = 2.81 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein, OvTaussuc+ADP = 1.54 RFU ⋅ sec ⋅ mg protein), membrane potential (OvTausuc = 220.18 AFUs, OvTaussuc+ADP = 235.28 AFUs), lipid peroxidation (OvTau = 0.02 nmol/mg protein), and DNA damage (OvTaufreq = 21.33%, OvTauindex = 47.83) and increased the fiber area by 54% (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that taurine supplementation modulates various cellular remodeling parameters after overuse-induced muscle damage, and that these positive effects may be related to its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sharon Freitas
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen R Sorato
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pauline S Effting
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre P Muller
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Lee EC, Fragala MS, Kavouras SA, Queen RM, Pryor JL, Casa DJ. Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2920-2937. [PMID: 28737585 PMCID: PMC5640004 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lee, EC, Fragala, MS, Kavouras, SA, Queen, RM, Pryor, JL, and Casa, DJ. Biomarkers in sports and exercise: tracking health, performance, and recovery in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2920–2937, 2017—Biomarker discovery and validation is a critical aim of the medical and scientific community. Research into exercise and diet-related biomarkers aims to improve health, performance, and recovery in military personnel, athletes, and lay persons. Exercise physiology research has identified individual biomarkers for assessing health, performance, and recovery during exercise training. However, there are few recommendations for biomarker panels for tracking changes in individuals participating in physical activity and exercise training programs. Our approach was to review the current literature and recommend a collection of validated biomarkers in key categories of health, performance, and recovery that could be used for this purpose. We determined that a comprehensive performance set of biomarkers should include key markers of (a) nutrition and metabolic health, (b) hydration status, (c) muscle status, (d) endurance performance, (e) injury status and risk, and (f) inflammation. Our review will help coaches, clinical sport professionals, researchers, and athletes better understand how to comprehensively monitor physiologic changes, as they design training cycles that elicit maximal improvements in performance while minimizing overtraining and injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Lee
- 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; 2Quest Diagnostics, Madison, New Jersey; 3Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; 4Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia; and 5Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, California
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Carru C, Da Boit M, Paliogiannis P, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Sibson R, Meakin JR, Aspden RM, Mangoni AA, Gray SR. Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mass and function, and their responses to resistance exercise training in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:101-6. [PMID: 29326089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) negatively affects skeletal muscle homeostasis in experimental models of ageing. However, little is known about the associations between circulating OS markers and parameters of muscle mass and function, and their responses to exercise training, in humans. METHODS Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC, primary outcome) and isokinetic torque of the knee extensors at 30° s-1 (MIT), muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) and quality (MQ, secondary outcomes), and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA, pro-OS), homocysteine (HCY, pro-OS), taurine (TAU, anti-OS), and protein sulphydryl groups (PSH, anti-OS) were measured in 27 healthy older males and 23 females at baseline and after an 18-week resistance exercise program, with or without a nutritional intervention (fish oil vs. placebo). RESULTS After adjusting for age, glomerular filtration rate, and nutritional intervention, there were no significant correlations between baseline OS markers and muscle parameters, barring a positive association between TAU and MIT in females (r = 0.53, P = .035) and between MDA and MCSA in males (r = 0.69, P = .001). Training did not significantly change OS markers, except for a reduction in MDA in females (-0.27 μmol/L, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.02, P = .034). In females, there were significant correlations between baseline MDA and exercise-induced changes in MVC (P = .018), baseline TAU and changes in MCSA (P = .026), and baseline HCY and changes in MCSA (P = .046) and MQ (P = .022). In males, baseline MDA was significantly associated with exercise-induced changes in MVC (P = .040). CONCLUSIONS Plasma MDA, HCY, and TAU were significantly associated with baseline and/or exercise-induced changes in muscle mass and function in healthy older adults, primarily in females. Pending further confirmation in other populations, specific OS markers, particularly MDA, might predict muscle responses to resistance exercise programs in old age.
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Abstract
The number of old persons who participate in sports and can even achieve peak performances is increasing steadily. Normal aging, however, is associated with decreased muscle strength and a decline in cardiovascular endurance even in those persons who regularly participate in sports. Thus, it seems obvious to impact on muscle mass and muscle strength by using anabolic substances. The number of older persons who illegally use doping substances is currently unknown. Besides classical anabolic drugs, other proteins and amino acids are used to impact on muscle mass or strength. This article provides some insights into clinical trials of classical anabolic drugs in older persons and gives an overview on more recent studies examining the potential effects of taurine, creatine and whey protein in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzer
- Geriatrische Klinik St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 94, 9000, St. Gallen, Schweiz.
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De Carvalho FG, Barbieri RA, Carvalho MB, Dato CC, Campos EZ, Gobbi RB, Papoti M, Silva ASR, de Freitas EC. Taurine supplementation can increase lipolysis and affect the contribution of energy systems during front crawl maximal effort. Amino Acids 2017; 50:189-198. [PMID: 29082444 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine can affect the energy system metabolism, specifically the lipid metabolism, since an increase in lipid oxidation may promote carbohydrate savings. We hypothesized that taurine supplementation associated with high-intensity exercise could increase levels of lipolysis, benefiting swimmer performance. Nine male competitive swimmers performed two 400-m front crawl maximal efforts with a 1-week washout, and the athletes received 6 g of taurine (TAU) or placebo (PLA) supplementation 120 min before performing the effort. Oxygen consumption and the contribution of the energy systems were analyzed post effort using a Quark CPET gas analyzer. Blood samples were collected before, and 5 min post the effort for taurine and glycerol analysis. Immediately before and 3, 5, and 7 min post the effort, blood samples from the earlobe were collected to determine lactate levels. An increase of 159% was observed in taurine plasma levels 120 min post ingestion. Glycerol levels were higher in both groups post effort; however, the TAU condition promoted an 8% higher increase than the PLA. No changes were observed in swimmer performance or lactate levels; however, the percentage change in lactate levels (∆[La-]) was different (TAU: 9.36 ± 2.78 mmol L-1; PLA: 11.52 ± 2.19 mmol L-1, p = 0.04). Acute taurine supplementation 120 min before performing a maximal effort did not improve swimmer performance; however, it increased glycerol plasma levels and reduced both the ∆[La-] and lactic anaerobic system contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G De Carvalho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 24 A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Milena B Carvalho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Carla C Dato
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Post Graduate Program in Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 1235 Professor Moraes Rego Street, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Gobbi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 24 A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil. .,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil.
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De Carvalho FG, Galan BSM, Santos PC, Pritchett K, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Papoti M, Marchini JS, de Freitas EC. Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:710. [PMID: 28979213 PMCID: PMC5611412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine and chocolate milk supplementation on oxidative stress and protein metabolism markers, and aerobic parameters in triathletes. Methods: A double-blind, crossover study was conducted with 10 male triathletes, aged 30.9 ± 1.3 year, height 1.79 ± 0.01 m and body weight 77.45 ± 2.4 kg. Three grams of taurine and 400 ml of chocolate milk (TAUchoc), or a placebo (chocolate milk) (CHOC) was ingested post exercise for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress marker levels, and 24 h urinary nitrogen, creatinine, and urea excretion were measured before and after 8 weeks of training and supplementation with TAUchoc or CHOC. A maximal incremental running test on a treadmill was performed in order to evaluate aerobic parameters: Vmax, heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: TAUchoc treatment during the 8 weeks resulted in increased taurine plasma levels (PRE 201.32 ± 29.03 μmol/L and POST 234.36 ± 35.51 μmol/L, p = 0.01), decreased malondialdehyde levels (19.4%, p = 0.03) and urinary nitrogen excretion (−33%, p = 0.03), and promoted positive nitrogen balance (p = 0.01). There were no changes in reduced glutathione (TAUchoc PRE 0.72 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.83 ± 0.08 mmol/L; CHOC PRE 0.69 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.81 ± 0.06 mmol/L), vitamin E plasma levels (TAUchoc PRE 33.99 ± 2.52 μmol/L and 35.95 ± 2.80 μmol/L and CHOC PRE 31.48 ± 2.12 μmol/L and POST 33.77 ± 3.64 μmol/L), or aerobic parameters, which were obtained in the last phase of the maximal incremental running test (Vmax TAUchoc PRE 13 ± 1.4 km/h and POST 13.22 ± 1.34 km/h; CHOC PRE 13.11 ± 2.34 km/h and POST 13.11 ± 2.72 km/h), the heart rate values were TAUchoc PRE 181.89 ± 24.18 bpm and POST 168.89 ± 46.56 bpm; CHOC PRE 181.56 ± 2.14 bpm and POST 179.78 ± 3.4 bpm, and the RPE were TAUchoc PRE 8.33 ± 2.4 AU and POST 9.1 ± 2.1 AU; CHOC PRE 8.11 ± 4.94 AU and POST 8.78 ± 2.78 AU). Conclusion: Taurine supplementation did not improve aerobic parameters, but was effective in increasing taurine plasma levels and decreasing oxidative stress markers, which suggests that taurine may prevent oxidative stress in triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G De Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversitySao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan S M Galan
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversitySao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversitySao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Pritchett
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Health Sciences, Central Washington UniversityEllensburg, WA, United States
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlio S Marchini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversitySao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the central nervous system and has important functions in the promotion of brain development. This study aimed to determine the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation. METHODS The data for this review were primarily retrieved from the PubMed database from 1985 to 2015 in English. The search string included the keywords taurine, brain development, neuronal, stem cell, proliferation, differentiation, and others. Relevant publications were identified, retrieved, and reviewed. RESULTS This review introduces the source, function, and mechanisms of taurine in brain development and provides additional detail regarding the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation. Many studies concerning these aspects are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Taurine plays an important role in brain development, including neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and differentiation, via several mechanisms. Taurine can be directly used in clinical applications to improve brain development because it has no toxic effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wen Li
- a Department of Neonatology & NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
- b Graduate School of the Liaoning Medical College , Jinzhou City 121001 , Liaoning province , China
| | - Hong-Yan Gao
- c Department of Scientific Research , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Jing Liu
- a Department of Neonatology & NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
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Mason SA, Morrison D, McConell GK, Wadley GD. Muscle redox signalling pathways in exercise. Role of antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:29-45. [PMID: 26912034 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent research highlights the importance of redox signalling pathway activation by contraction-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in normal exercise-related cellular and molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle. In this review, we discuss some potentially important redox signalling pathways in skeletal muscle that are involved in acute and chronic responses to contraction and exercise. Specifically, we discuss redox signalling implicated in skeletal muscle contraction force, mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme induction, glucose uptake and muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, we review evidence investigating the impact of major exogenous antioxidants on these acute and chronic responses to exercise. Redox signalling pathways involved in adaptive responses in skeletal muscle to exercise are not clearly elucidated at present, and further research is required to better define important signalling pathways involved. Evidence of beneficial or detrimental effects of specific antioxidant compounds on exercise adaptations in muscle is similarly limited, particularly in human subjects. Future research is required to not only investigate effects of specific antioxidant compounds on skeletal muscle exercise adaptations, but also to better establish mechanisms of action of specific antioxidants in vivo. Although we feel it remains somewhat premature to make clear recommendations in relation to application of specific antioxidant compounds in different exercise settings, a bulk of evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is ergogenic through its effects on maintenance of muscle force production during sustained fatiguing events. Nevertheless, a current lack of evidence from studies using performance tests representative of athletic competition and a potential for adverse effects with high doses (>70mg/kg body mass) warrants caution in its use for performance enhancement. In addition, evidence implicates high dose vitamin C (1g/day) and E (≥260 IU/day) supplementation in impairments to some skeletal muscle cellular adaptations to chronic exercise training. Thus, determining the utility of antioxidant supplementation in athletes likely requires a consideration of training and competition periodization cycles of athletes in addition to type, dose and duration of antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale Morrison
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn K McConell
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Ward R, Bridge CA, McNaughton LR, Sparks SA. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 4-km time trial performance in trained cyclists. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2581-2587. [PMID: 27380030 PMCID: PMC5073122 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (TAU) has been shown to improve exercise time to exhaustion and 3-km running performance; however, no studies have considered the effect of acute TAU ingestion on short duration cycling time trial (TT) performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a single oral acute dose of 1000 mg of TAU on a laboratory simulated 4-km cycling TT. Eleven trained male cyclists performed three, 4-km TTs. The first of the trials was a familiarisation, followed by two subsequent trials which were performed two hours after the consumption of either 1000 mg of TAU or placebo (P), using a double-blind randomised crossover design. Capillary blood samples were obtained prior to the start and immediately after each TT for the measurement of lactate, pH and HCO3-. There was no effect of TAU (p = 0.731, d = 0.151) on performance (390 ± 27 and 388 ± 21 s for TAU and P, respectively), nor were there any condition main effects for VO2, lactate, pH, or HCO3- (p > 0.05) despite post TT changes in lactate (7.3 ± 2.5 mmol l-1, p < 0.001, d = 2.86, 7.6 ± 2.0 mmol l-1 p < 0.001, d = 3.75); pH (-0.255 ± 0.1, p < 0.001, d = 2.62, -0.258 ± 0.09, p < 0.001, d = 2.87); HCO3- (-13.58 ± 2.7 mmol l-1, p < 0.001, d = 5.04 vs. -13.36 ± 2.3, p < 0.001, d = 5.72 for TAU and P, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that a pre-exercise dose of 1000 mg TAU offers no performance advantage during 4-km TT nor does it alter the blood buffering responses in trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ward
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Craig A Bridge
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - S Andy Sparks
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
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