1
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Sebastianelli M, Lukhele SM, Nwankwo EC, Hadjioannou L, Kirschel ANG. Continent-wide patterns of song variation predicted by classical rules of biogeography. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2448-2462. [PMID: 36124660 PMCID: PMC9826498 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Physiological constraints related to atmospheric temperature pose a limit to body and appendage size in endothermic animals. This relationship has been summarised by two classical principles of biogeography: Bergmann's and Allen's rules. Body size may also constrain other phenotypic traits important in ecology, evolution and behaviour, and such effects have seldom been investigated at a continental scale. Through a multilevel-modelling approach, we demonstrate that continent-wide morphology of related African barbets follows predictions of Bergmann's rule, and that body size mirrors variation in song pitch, an acoustic trait important in species recognition and sexual selection. Specifically, effects on song frequency in accordance with Bergmann's rule dwarf those of acoustic adaptation at a continental scale. Our findings suggest that macroecological patterns of body size can influence phenotypic traits important in ecology and evolution, and provide a baseline for further studies on the effects of environmental change on bird song.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander N. G. Kirschel
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus,University of California Los AngelesDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Edward Grey Institute, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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2
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McGlothlin JW, Kobiela ME, Wright HV, Kolbe JJ, Losos JB, III EDB. Conservation and Convergence of Genetic Architecture in the Adaptive Radiation of Anolis Lizards. Am Nat 2022; 200:E207-E220. [DOI: 10.1086/721091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Calsbeek R, Zamora-Camacho FJ, Symes LB. Individual contributions to group chorus dynamics influence access to mating opportunities in wood frogs. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1401-1409. [PMID: 35305074 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A limitation in bioacoustic studies has been the inability to differentiate individual sonic contributions from group-level dynamics. We present a novel application of acoustic camera technology to investigate how individual wood frogs' calls influence chorus properties, and how variation influences mating opportunities. We recorded mating calls and used playback trials to gauge preference for different chorus types in the laboratory. Males and females preferred chorus playbacks with low variance in dominant frequency. Females preferred choruses with low mean peak frequency. Field studies revealed more egg masses laid in ponds where males chorused with low variance in dominant frequency. We also noted a trend towards more egg masses laid in ponds where males called with low mean frequency. Nearest-neighbour distances influenced call timing (neighbours called in succession) and distances increased with variance in chorus frequency. Results highlight the potential fitness implications of individual-level contributions to a bioacoustic signal produced by groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurel B Symes
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA
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4
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Moore AJ, McGlothlin JW, Wolf JB. Runaway evolution from male-male competition. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:295-306. [PMID: 34784652 PMCID: PMC9299654 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wondrously elaborate weapons and displays that appear to be counter to ecological optima are widespread features of male contests for mates across the animal kingdom. To understand how such diverse traits evolve, here we develop a quantitative genetic model of sexual selection for a male signaling trait that mediates aggression in male‐male contests and show that an honest indicator of aggression can generate selection on itself by altering the social environment. This can cause selection to accelerate as the trait is elaborated, leading to runaway evolution. Thus, an evolving source of selection provided by the social environment is the fundamental unifying feature of runaway sexual selection driven by either male‐male competition or female mate choice. However, a key difference is that runaway driven by male‐male competition requires signal honesty. Our model identifies simple conditions that provide clear, testable predictions for empirical studies using standard quantitative genetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Joel W McGlothlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason B Wolf
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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5
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Svensson EI, Arnold SJ, Bürger R, Csilléry K, Draghi J, Henshaw JM, Jones AG, De Lisle S, Marques DA, McGuigan K, Simon MN, Runemark A. Correlational selection in the age of genomics. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:562-73. [PMID: 33859374 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are well aware that natural and sexual selection do not operate on traits in isolation, but instead act on combinations of traits. This long-recognized and pervasive phenomenon is known as multivariate selection, or-in the particular case where it favours correlations between interacting traits-correlational selection. Despite broad acknowledgement of correlational selection, the relevant theory has often been overlooked in genomic research. Here, we discuss theory and empirical findings from ecological, quantitative genetic and genomic research, linking key insights from different fields. Correlational selection can operate on both discrete trait combinations and quantitative characters, with profound implications for genomic architecture, linkage, pleiotropy, evolvability, modularity, phenotypic integration and phenotypic plasticity. We synthesize current knowledge and discuss promising research approaches that will enable us to understand how correlational selection shapes genomic architecture, thereby linking quantitative genetic approaches with emerging genomic methods. We suggest that research on correlational selection has great potential to integrate multiple fields in evolutionary biology, including developmental and functional biology, ecology, quantitative genetics, phenotypic polymorphisms, hybrid zones and speciation processes.
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6
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Noble DWA, Kar F, Nakagawa S, Keogh JS, Whiting MJ. Sexual selection on performance traits in an Australian lizard with alternative reproductive tactics. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:451-464. [PMID: 33296538 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection shapes the adaptive landscape in complex ways that lead to trait integration. Much of our understanding of selection comes from studies of morphological traits. However, few studies attempt to quantify the form and direction of selection on performance even though it is predicted to be a more direct target of selection in nature. We measured sexual selection on performance traits (bite force, sprint speed and endurance) in an Australian lizard, the Eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii). We first staged 123 contests between size-matched males to investigate whether performance traits were important in determining contest outcome. In a second experiment, we established six breeding populations in large replicate semi-natural enclosures to estimate whether performance traits predicted reproductive success. Our results show that none of the performance measures were important in predicting contest outcome and were not generally strong predictors of reproductive success. However, our analyses suggest a complex fitness landscape driven by males adopting different alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). We provide a rare test of the role performance plays in sexual selection and highlight the need to test common assumptions regarding the link between maximal performance and fitness. Our results suggest that performance traits may not necessarily be direct targets of sexual selection, but rather indirect targets through their integration with morphological and/or behavioural traits, highlighting a need for more explicit tests of the predicted links between performance and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W A Noble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fonti Kar
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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San-Jose LM, Roulin A. On the Potential Role of the Neural Crest Cells in Integrating Pigmentation Into Behavioral and Physiological Syndromes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Mizuno
- Biosystems Science Course, The Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayo Soma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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9
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McGlothlin JW, Cox RM, Brodie ED. Sex-Specific Selection and the Evolution of Between-Sex Genetic Covariance. J Hered 2020; 110:422-432. [PMID: 31095325 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the sexes share a genome, traits expressed in males are usually genetically correlated with the same traits expressed in females. On short timescales, between-sex genetic correlations (rmf) for shared traits may constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism by preventing males and females from responding independently to sex-specific selection. However, over longer timescales, rmf may evolve, thereby facilitating the evolution of dimorphism. Although it has been suggested that sexually antagonistic selection may reduce rmf, we lack a general theory for the evolution of rmf and its multivariate analog, the between-sex genetic covariance matrix (B). Here, we derive a simple analytical model for the within-generation change in B due to sex-specific directional selection. We present a single-trait example demonstrating that sex-specific directional selection may either increase or decrease between-sex genetic covariance, depending on the relative strength of selection in each sex and on the current value of rmf. Although sexually antagonistic selection can reduce between-sex covariance, it will only do so when selection is much stronger in one sex than in the other. Counterintuitively, sexually antagonistic selection that is equal in strength in the 2 sexes will maintain positive between-sex covariance. Selection acting in the same direction on both sexes is predicted to reduce between-sex covariance in many cases. We illustrate our model numerically using empirical measures of sex-specific selection and between-sex genetic covariance from 2 populations of sexually dimorphic brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) and discuss its importance for understanding the resolution of intralocus sexual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Edmund D Brodie
- Department of Biology and Mountain Lake Biological Station, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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10
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Kooyers NJ, Donofrio A, Blackman BK, Holeski LM. The Genetic Architecture of Plant Defense Trade-offs in a Common Monkeyflower. J Hered 2020; 111:333-345. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Determining how adaptive combinations of traits arose requires understanding the prevalence and scope of genetic constraints. Frequently observed phenotypic correlations between plant growth, defenses, and/or reproductive timing have led researchers to suggest that pleiotropy or strong genetic linkage between variants affecting independent traits is pervasive. Alternatively, these correlations could arise via independent mutations in different genes for each trait and extensive correlational selection. Here we evaluate these alternatives by conducting a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiment involving a cross between 2 populations of common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) that differ in growth rate as well as total concentration and arsenal composition of plant defense compounds, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs). We find no evidence that pleiotropy underlies correlations between defense and growth rate. However, there is a strong genetic correlation between levels of total PPGs and flowering time that is largely attributable to a single shared QTL. While this result suggests a role for pleiotropy/close linkage, several other QTLs also contribute to variation in total PPGs. Additionally, divergent PPG arsenals are influenced by a number of smaller-effect QTLs that each underlie variation in 1 or 2 PPGs. This result indicates that chemical defense arsenals can be finely adapted to biotic environments despite sharing a common biochemical precursor. Together, our results show correlations between defense and life-history traits are influenced by pleiotropy or genetic linkage, but genetic constraints may have limited impact on future evolutionary responses, as a substantial proportion of variation in each trait is controlled by independent loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kooyers
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Abigail Donofrio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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11
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McLean CA, Bartle RA, Dong CM, Rankin KJ, Stuart-Fox D. Divergent male and female mate preferences do not explain incipient speciation between lizard lineages. Curr Zool 2020; 66:485-492. [PMID: 33293929 PMCID: PMC7705505 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification in sexual signals is often taken as evidence for the importance of sexual selection in speciation. However, in order for sexual selection to generate reproductive isolation between populations, both signals and mate preferences must diverge together. Furthermore, assortative mating may result from multiple behavioral mechanisms, including female mate preferences, male mate preferences, and male–male competition; yet their relative contributions are rarely evaluated. Here, we explored the role of mate preferences and male competitive ability as potential barriers to gene flow between 2 divergent lineages of the tawny dragon lizard, Ctenophorus decresii, which differ in male throat coloration. We found stronger behavioral barriers to pairings between southern lineage males and northern lineage females than between northern males and southern females, indicating incomplete and asymmetric behavioral isolating barriers. These results were driven by both male and female mate preferences rather than lineage differences in male competitive ability. Intrasexual selection is therefore unlikely to drive the outcome of secondary contact in C. decresii, despite its widely acknowledged importance in lizards. Our results are consistent with the emerging view that although both male and female mate preferences can diverge alongside sexual signals, speciation is rarely driven by divergent sexual selection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A McLean
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Richard A Bartle
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Caroline M Dong
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Katrina J Rankin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
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12
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Davenport JM, King AB, Riley AW, Hampson ME, Constantinides P. The non‐consumptive effects of predators and personality on prey growth and mortality. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Davenport
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alexis B. King
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alex W. Riley
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Maria E. Hampson
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
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13
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14
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Baruah G, Clements CF, Ozgul A. Eco-evolutionary processes underlying early warning signals of population declines. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:436-448. [PMID: 31433863 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change can impact the stability of ecological systems and cause rapid declines in populations. Abundance-based early warning signals have been shown to precede such declines, but detection prior to wild population collapses has had limited success, leading to the development of warning signals based on shifts in distribution of fitness-related traits such as body size. The dynamics of population abundances and traits in response to external environmental perturbations are controlled by a range of underlying factors such as reproductive rate, genetic variation and plasticity. However, it remains unknown how such ecological and evolutionary factors affect the stability landscape of populations and the detectability of abundance and trait-based early warning signals. Here, we apply a trait-based demographic approach and investigate both trait and population dynamics in response to gradual and increasing changes in the environment. We explore a range of ecological and evolutionary constraints under which stability of a population may be affected. We show both analytically and with simulations that strength of abundance- and trait-based warning signals are affected by ecological and evolutionary factors. Finally, we show that combining trait- and abundance-based information improves our ability to predict population declines. Our study suggests that the inclusion of trait dynamic information alongside generic warning signals should provide more accurate forecasts of the future state of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baruah
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher F Clements
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Cantarero A, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Romero-Haro AÁ, Chastel O, Alonso-Alvarez C. Carotenoid-based coloration predicts both longevity and lifetime fecundity in male birds, but testosterone disrupts signal reliability. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221436. [PMID: 31442265 PMCID: PMC6707625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection promotes the evolution of conspicuous animal ornaments. To evolve as signals, these traits must reliably express the “quality” of the bearer, an indicator of individual fitness. Direct estimates of individual fitness may include the contribution of longevity and fecundity. However, evidence of a correlation between the level of signal expression and these two fitness components are scarce, at least among vertebrates. Relative fitness is difficult to assess in the wild as age at death and extra-pair paternity rates are often unknown. Here, in captive male red-legged partridges, we show that carotenoid-based ornament expression, i.e., redness of the bill and eye rings, at the beginning of reproductive life predicts both longevity (1–7 years) and lifetime breeding output (offspring number and hatching success). The recently proposed link between the individual capacity to produce red (keto) carotenoid pigments and the efficiency of cell respiration could, ultimately, explain the correlation with lifespan and, indirectly, fecundity. Nonetheless, in males of avian species, carotenoid-based coloration in bare parts is also partially controlled by testosterone. We also manipulated androgen levels throughout life by treating males with testosterone or antiandrogen compounds. Treatments caused correlations between signal levels and both fitness components to disappear, thus making the signals unreliable. This suggests that the evolution of carotenoid-based sexual signals requires a tightly-controlled steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cantarero
- Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (AC); (CA-A)
| | - Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS U.M.R. 7372 and Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Carlos Alonso-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AC); (CA-A)
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16
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Labarbera K, Hayes KRR, Langhans KE, Lacey EA. Elevation affects extra-pair paternity but not a sexually selected plumage trait in dark-eyed juncos. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019; 73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Abolins-Abols M, Kornobis E, Ribeca P, Wakamatsu K, Peterson MP, Ketterson ED, Milá B. Differential gene regulation underlies variation in melanic plumage coloration in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis
). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4501-4515. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikus Abolins-Abols
- Department of Animal Biology; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | | | | | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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18
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Costa e Silva J, Harrison PA, Wiltshire R, Potts BM. Evidence that divergent selection shapes a developmental cline in a forest tree species complex. Ann Bot 2018; 122:181-194. [PMID: 29788049 PMCID: PMC6025196 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evolutionary change in developmental trajectories (heterochrony) is a major mechanism of adaptation in plants and animals. However, there are few detailed studies of the variation in the timing of developmental events among wild populations. We here aimed to identify the climatic drivers and measure selection shaping a genetic-based developmental cline among populations of an endemic tree species complex on the island of Tasmania. METHODS Seed lots from 38 native provenances encompassing the clinal transition from the heteroblastic Eucalyptus tenuiramis to the homoblastic Eucalyptus risdonii were grown in a common-garden field trial in southern Tasmania for 20 years. We used 27 climatic variables to model the provenance variation in vegetative juvenility as assessed at age 5 years. A phenotypic selection analysis was used to measure the fitness consequences of variation in vegetative juvenility based on its impact on the survival and reproductive capacity of survivors at age 20 years. KEY RESULTS Significant provenance divergence in vegetative juvenility was shown to be associated with home-site aridity, with the retention of juvenile foliage increasing with increasing aridity. Our results indicated that climate change may lead to different directions of selection across the geographic range of the complex, and in our mesic field site demonstrated that total directional selection within phenotypically variable provenances was in favour of reduced vegetative juvenility. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that heteroblasty is adaptive and argue that, in assessing the impacts of rapid global change, developmental plasticity and heterochrony are underappreciated processes which can contribute to populations of long-lived organisms, such as trees, persisting and ultimately adapting to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Costa e Silva
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter A Harrison
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robert Wiltshire
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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19
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San-Jose LM, Roulin A. Toward Understanding the Repeated Occurrence of Associations between Melanin-Based Coloration and Multiple Phenotypes. Am Nat 2018; 192:111-130. [PMID: 30016163 DOI: 10.1086/698010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is the most widespread pigment in organisms. Melanin-based coloration has been repeatedly observed to be associated with the same traits and in the same direction in different vertebrate and insect species. However, whether any factors that are common to different taxa account for the repeated evolution of melanin-phenotype associations remains unclear. We propose to approach this question from the perspective of convergent and parallel evolution to clarify to what extent different species have evolved the same associations owing to a shared genetic basis and being subjected to similar selective pressures. Our current understanding of the genetic basis of melanin-phenotype associations allows for both convergent and parallel evolution, but this understanding is still limited. Further research is needed to clarify the generality and interdependencies of the different proposed mechanisms (supergenes, pleiotropy based on hormones, or neural crest cells). The general ecological scenarios whereby melanin-based coloration is under selection-protection from ultraviolet radiation, thermoregulation in cold environments, or as a signal of social status-offer a good opportunity to study how melanin-phenotype associations evolve. Reviewing these scenarios shows that some traits associated with melanin-based coloration might be selected together with coloration by also favoring adaptation but that other associated traits might impede adaptation, which may be indicative of genetic constraints. We therefore encourage further research on the relative roles that selection and genetic constraints play in shaping multiple melanin-phenotype associations. Placed into a phylogenetic context, this will help clarify to what extent these associations result from convergent or parallel evolutionary processes and why melanin-phenotype associations are so common across the tree of life.
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González-García JM, Lara C, Quesada J, Chávez-Zichinelli CA, Serrano-Meneses MA. Superciliums in white-eared hummingbirds as badges of status signaling dominance. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:31. [PMID: 29616351 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of badges as indicators of contest ability has been previously described. In hummingbirds, the exhibition of a badge is expected to save energy expenditure in agonistic interactions and to favor energy intake. Here, we investigate whether variable supercilium size in the white-eared hummingbird has a role in dominance status signaling. Firstly, 45 hummingbird males were captured and their superciliums were photographed to investigate variation in size and any possible allometric relationships. Secondly, 42 male birds were used to analyze whether the supercilium has a role in dominance status signaling in a dyadic contest. We found that supercilium size varied continuously but that despite variability between individuals, there was no relationship between supercilium size and body size. However, our dyad experiment indicated that birds with larger badges were able to make more visits to the feeders than individuals with smaller badges. We suggest a status signaling function of the supercilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel González-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Tlaxcala Km 1.5, 90070, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martín Texmelucan, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, 90120, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Javier Quesada
- Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Chordates Laboratory, Passeig Picasso s/n, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Samuk K, Xue J, Rennision DJ. Exposure to predators does not lead to the evolution of larger brains in experimental populations of threespine stickleback. Evolution 2018; 72:916-929. [PMID: 29392719 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection is often invoked to explain differences in brain size among vertebrates. However, the particular agents of selection that shape brain size variation remain obscure. Recent studies suggest that predators may select for larger brains because increased cognitive and sensory abilities allow prey to better elude predators. Yet, there is little direct evidence that exposure to predators causes the evolution of larger brains in prey species. We experimentally tested this prediction by exposing families of 1000-2000 F2 hybrid benthic-limnetic threespine stickleback to predators under naturalistic conditions, along with matched controls. After two generations of selection, we found that fish from the predator addition treatment had significantly smaller brains (specifically smaller telencephalons and optic lobes) than fish from the control treatment. After an additional generation of selection, we reared experimental fish in a common environment and found that this difference in brain size was maintained in the offspring of fish from the predator addition treatment. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that (a) predators can indeed drive the evolution of brain size--but not in the fashion commonly expected and (b) that the tools of experimental evolution can be used to the study the evolution of the vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Samuk
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Jan Xue
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Diana J Rennision
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Reichert MS, Höbel G. Phenotypic integration and the evolution of signal repertoires: A case study of treefrog acoustic communication. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3410-3429. [PMID: 29607035 PMCID: PMC5869261 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal signals are inherently complex phenotypes with many interacting parts combining to elicit responses from receivers. The pattern of interrelationships between signal components reflects the extent to which each component is expressed, and responds to selection, either in concert with or independently of others. Furthermore, many species have complex repertoires consisting of multiple signal types used in different contexts, and common morphological and physiological constraints may result in interrelationships extending across the multiple signals in species' repertoires. The evolutionary significance of interrelationships between signal traits can be explored within the framework of phenotypic integration, which offers a suite of quantitative techniques to characterize complex phenotypes. In particular, these techniques allow for the assessment of modularity and integration, which describe, respectively, the extent to which sets of traits covary either independently or jointly. Although signal and repertoire complexity are thought to be major drivers of diversification and social evolution, few studies have explicitly measured the phenotypic integration of signals to investigate the evolution of diverse communication systems. We applied methods from phenotypic integration studies to quantify integration in the two primary vocalization types (advertisement and aggressive calls) in the treefrogs Hyla versicolor, Hyla cinerea, and Dendropsophus ebraccatus. We recorded male calls and calculated standardized phenotypic variance-covariance (P) matrices for characteristics within and across call types. We found significant integration across call types, but the strength of integration varied by species and corresponded with the acoustic similarity of the call types within each species. H. versicolor had the most modular advertisement and aggressive calls and the least acoustically similar call types. Additionally, P was robust to changing social competition levels in H. versicolor. Our findings suggest new directions in animal communication research in which the complex relationships among the traits of multiple signals are a key consideration for understanding signal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Reichert
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Gerlinde Höbel
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWIUSA
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23
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Dijkstra PD, Maguire SM, Harris RM, Rodriguez AA, DeAngelis RS, Flores SA, Hofmann HA. The melanocortin system regulates body pigmentation and social behaviour in a colour polymorphic cichlid fish. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2838. [PMID: 28356453 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is a neuroendocrine system that regulates a range of physiological and behavioural processes. We examined the extent to which the melanocortin system simultaneously regulates colour and behaviour in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni We found that yellow males are more aggressive than blue males, in line with previous studies. We then found that exogenous α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) increases yellowness of the body and dispersal of xanthophore pigments in both morphs. However, α-MSH had a morph-specific effect on aggression, with only blue males showing an increase in the rate of aggression. Exogenous agouti signalling peptide (ASIP), a melanocortin antagonist, did not affect coloration but reduced the rate of aggression in both colour morphs. Blue males had higher cortisol levels than yellow males. Neural gene expression of melanocortin receptors (mcr) and ligands was not differentially regulated between colour morphs. In the skin, however, mc1r and pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) β were upregulated in blue males, while asip 1 was upregulated in yellow males. The effects of α-MSH on behaviour and body coloration, combined with morph-specific regulation of the stress response and the melanocortin system, suggest that the melanocortin system contributes to the polymorphism in behaviour and coloration in A. burtoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Dijkstra
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA .,Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Sean M Maguire
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rayna M Harris
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Agosto A Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ross S DeAngelis
- Program for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie A Flores
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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24
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Cramer ERA, Kaiser SA, Webster MS, Sillett TS, Ryder TB. Characterizing selection in black-throated blue warblers using a sexual network approach. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:2177-2188. [PMID: 28986958 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of trait evolution is built upon studies that examine the correlation between traits and fitness, most of which implicitly assume all individuals experience similar selective environments. However, accounting for differences in selective pressures, such as variation in the social environment, can advance our understanding of how selection shapes individual traits and subsequent fitness. In this study, we test whether variation in the social environment affects selection on individual phenotype. We apply a new sexual network framework to quantify each male's social environment as the mean body size of his primary competitors. We test for direct and social selection on male body size using a 10-year data set on black-throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens), a territorial species for which body size is hypothesized to mediate competition for mates. We found that direct selection on body size was weak and nonsignificant, as was social selection via the body size of the males' competitors. Analysing both types of selection simultaneously allows us to firmly reject a role for body size in competitive interactions between males and subsequent male fitness in this population. We evaluate the application of the sexual network approach to empirical data and suggest that other phenotypic traits such as song characteristics and plumage may be more relevant than body size for male-male competition in this small passerine bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R A Cramer
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S A Kaiser
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - T S Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T B Ryder
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Abstract
Many morphological, behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits covary across the biological scales of individuals, populations, and species. However, the processes that cause traits to covary also change over these scales, challenging our ability to use patterns of trait covariance to infer process. Trait relationships are also widely assumed to have generic functional relationships with similar evolutionary potentials, and even though many different trait relationships are now identified, there is little appreciation that these may influence trait covariation and evolution in unique ways. We use a trait-performance-fitness framework to classify and organize trait relationships into three general classes, address which ones more likely generate trait covariation among individuals in a population, and review how selection shapes phenotypic covariation. We generate predictions about how trait covariance changes within and among populations as a result of trait relationships and in response to selection and consider how these can be tested with comparative data. Careful comparisons of covariation patterns can narrow the set of hypothesized processes that cause trait covariation when the form of the trait relationship and how it responds to selection yield clear predictions about patterns of trait covariation. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of comparative approaches to evaluate hypotheses about the evolutionary causes and consequences of trait covariation and highlight the importance of evaluating patterns within populations replicated in the same and in different selective environments. Explicit hypotheses about trait relationships are key to generating effective predictions about phenotype and its evolution using covariance data.
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26
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Sacchi R, Mangiacotti M, Scali S, Ghitti M, Zuffi MAL. Effects of Colour Morph and Temperature on Immunity in Males and Females of the Common Wall Lizard. Evol Biol 2017; 44:496-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Labarbera K, Hayes KR, Marsh KJ, Lacey EA. Complex relationships among environmental conditions and bill morphology in a generalist songbird. Evol Ecol 2017; 31:707-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-017-9906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Cox RM, Costello RA, Camber BE, McGlothlin JW. Multivariate genetic architecture of the Anolis dewlap reveals both shared and sex-specific features of a sexually dimorphic ornament. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1262-1275. [PMID: 28370951 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Darwin viewed the ornamentation of females as an indirect consequence of sexual selection on males and the transmission of male phenotypes to females via the 'laws of inheritance'. Although a number of studies have supported this view by demonstrating substantial between-sex genetic covariance for ornament expression, the majority of this work has focused on avian plumage. Moreover, few studies have considered the genetic basis of ornaments from a multivariate perspective, which may be crucial for understanding the evolution of sex differences in general, and of complex ornaments in particular. Here, we provide a multivariate, quantitative-genetic analysis of a sexually dimorphic ornament that has figured prominently in studies of sexual selection: the brightly coloured dewlap of Anolis lizards. Using data from a paternal half-sibling breeding experiment in brown anoles (Anolis sagrei), we show that multiple aspects of dewlap size and colour exhibit significant heritability and a genetic variance-covariance structure (G) that is broadly similar in males (Gm ) and females (Gf ). Whereas sexually monomorphic aspects of the dewlap, such as hue, exhibit significant between-sex genetic correlations (rmf ), sexually dimorphic features, such as area and brightness, exhibit reduced rmf values that do not differ from zero. Using a modified random skewers analysis, we show that the between-sex genetic variance-covariance matrix (B) should not strongly constrain the independent responses of males and females to sexually antagonistic selection. Our microevolutionary analysis is in broad agreement with macroevolutionary perspectives indicating considerable scope for the independent evolution of coloration and ornamentation in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R A Costello
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B E Camber
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J W McGlothlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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29
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Friis G, Aleixandre P, Rodríguez-Estrella R, Navarro-Sigüenza AG, Milá B. Rapid postglacial diversification and long-term stasis within the songbird genus Junco: phylogeographic and phylogenomic evidence. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:6175-6195. [PMID: 27862578 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural systems composed of closely related taxa that vary in the degree of phenotypic divergence and geographic isolation provide an opportunity to investigate the rate of phenotypic diversification and the relative roles of selection and drift in driving lineage formation. The genus Junco (Aves: Emberizidae) of North America includes parapatric northern forms that are markedly divergent in plumage pattern and colour, in contrast to geographically isolated southern populations in remote areas that show moderate phenotypic divergence. Here, we quantify patterns of phenotypic divergence in morphology and plumage colour and use mitochondrial DNA genes, a nuclear intron, and genomewide SNPs to reconstruct the demographic and evolutionary history of the genus to infer relative rates of evolutionary divergence among lineages. We found that geographically isolated populations have evolved independently for hundreds of thousands of years despite little differentiation in phenotype, in sharp contrast to phenotypically diverse northern forms, which have diversified within the last few thousand years as a result of the rapid postglacial recolonization of North America. SNP data resolved young northern lineages into reciprocally monophyletic lineages, indicating low rates of gene flow even among closely related parapatric forms, and suggesting a role for strong genetic drift or multifarious selection acting on multiple loci in driving lineage divergence. Juncos represent a compelling example of speciation in action, where the combined effects of historical and selective factors have produced one of the fastest cases of speciation known in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Friis
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Pau Aleixandre
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo G Navarro-Sigüenza
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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30
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Punzalan D, Rowe L. Concordance between stabilizing sexual selection, intraspecific variation, and interspecific divergence in Phymata. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7997-8009. [PMID: 27878072 PMCID: PMC5108252 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical studies show that lineages typically exhibit long periods of evolutionary stasis and that relative levels of within-species trait covariance often correlate with the extent of between-species trait divergence. These observations have been interpreted by some as evidence of genetic constraints persisting for long periods of time. However, an alternative explanation is that both intra- and interspecific variation are shaped by the features of the adaptive landscape (e.g., stabilizing selection). Employing a genus of insects that are diverse with respect to a suite of secondary sex traits, we related data describing nonlinear phenotypic (sexual) selection to intraspecific trait covariances and macroevolutionary divergence. We found support for two key predictions (1) that intraspecific trait covariation would be aligned with stabilizing selection and (2) that there would be restricted macroevolutionary divergence in the direction of stabilizing selection. The observed alignment of all three matrices offers a point of caution in interpreting standing variability as metrics of evolutionary constraint. Our results also illustrate the power of sexual selection for determining variation observed at both short and long timescales and account for the apparently slow evolution of some secondary sex characters in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Punzalan
- Department of Natural HistoryRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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31
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Ferreira AC, Atwell JW, Whittaker DJ, Ketterson ED, Cardoso GC. Communication Value of Mistakes in Dark-Eyed Junco Song. Am Nat 2016; 188:289-305. [DOI: 10.1086/687520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Canestrelli D, Porretta D, Lowe WH, Bisconti R, Carere C, Nascetti G. The Tangled Evolutionary Legacies of Range Expansion and Hybridization. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:677-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Poissant J, Morrissey MB, Gosler AG, Slate J, Sheldon BC. Multivariate selection and intersexual genetic constraints in a wild bird population. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2022-2035. [PMID: 27338121 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
When selection differs between the sexes for traits that are genetically correlated between the sexes, there is potential for the effect of selection in one sex to be altered by indirect selection in the other sex, a situation commonly referred to as intralocus sexual conflict (ISC). While potentially common, ISC has rarely been studied in wild populations. Here, we studied ISC over a set of morphological traits (wing length, tarsus length, bill depth and bill length) in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) from Wytham Woods, UK. Specifically, we quantified the microevolutionary impacts of ISC by combining intra- and intersex additive genetic (co)variances and sex-specific selection estimates in a multivariate framework. Large genetic correlations between homologous male and female traits combined with evidence for sex-specific multivariate survival selection suggested that ISC could play an appreciable role in the evolution of this population. Together, multivariate sex-specific selection and additive genetic (co)variance for the traits considered accounted for additive genetic variance in fitness that was uncorrelated between the sexes (cross-sex genetic correlation = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.83, 0.83). Gender load, defined as the reduction in a population's rate of adaptation due to sex-specific effects, was estimated at 50% (95% CI = 13%, 86%). This study provides novel insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism in wild populations and illustrates how quantitative genetics and selection analyses can be combined in a multivariate framework to quantify the microevolutionary impacts of ISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Poissant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK. .,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - M B Morrissey
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - A G Gosler
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B C Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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34
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Abstract
Evolutionary change in one trait can elicit evolutionary changes in other traits due to genetic correlations. This constrains the independent evolution of traits and can lead to unpredicted ecological and evolutionary outcomes. Animals might frequently exhibit genetic associations among behavioural and morphological-physiological traits, because the physiological mechanisms behind animal personality can have broad multitrait effects and because many selective agents influence the evolution of multiple types of traits. However, we currently know little about genetic correlations between animal personalities and nonbehavioural traits. We tested for associations between personality, morphology and locomotor performance by comparing zebrafish (Danio rerio) collected from the wild and then selectively bred for either a proactive or reactive stress coping style ('bold' or 'shy' phenotypes). Based on adaptive hypotheses of correlational selection in the wild, we predicted that artificial selection for boldness would produce correlated evolutionary responses of larger caudal regions and higher fast-start escape performance (and the opposite for shyness). After four to seven generations, morphology and locomotor performance differed between personality lines: bold zebrafish exhibited a larger caudal region and higher fast-start performance than fish in the shy line, matching predictions. Individual-level phenotypic correlations suggested that pleiotropy or physical gene linkage likely explained the correlated response of locomotor performance, while the correlated response of body shape may have reflected linkage disequilibrium, which is breaking down each generation in the laboratory. Our results indicate that evolution of personality can result in concomitant changes in morphology and whole-organism performance, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. A. Kern
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Detric Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Erika Gass
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - John Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - R. Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
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35
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Cox RM, McGlothlin JW, Bonier F. Hormones as Mediators of Phenotypic and Genetic Integration: an Evolutionary Genetics Approach. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:126-37. [PMID: 27252188 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary endocrinology represents a synthesis between comparative endocrinology and evolutionary genetics. This synthesis can be viewed through the breeder's equation, a cornerstone of quantitative genetics that, in its univariate form, states that a population's evolutionary response is the product of the heritability of a trait and selection on that trait (R = h(2)S). Under this framework, evolutionary endocrinologists have begun to quantify the heritability of, and the strength of selection on, a variety of hormonal phenotypes. With specific reference to our work on testosterone and corticosterone in birds and lizards, we review these studies while emphasizing the challenges of applying this framework to hormonal phenotypes that are inherently plastic and mediate adaptive responses to environmental variation. Next, we consider the untapped potential of evolutionary endocrinology as a framework for exploring multivariate versions of the breeder's equation, with emphasis on the role of hormones in structuring phenotypic and genetic correlations. As an extension of the familiar concepts of phenotypic integration and hormonal pleiotropy, we illustrate how the hormonal milieu of an individual acts as a local environment for the expression of genes and phenotypes, thereby influencing the quantitative genetic architecture of multivariate phenotypes. We emphasize that hormones are more than mechanistic links in the translation of genotype to phenotype: by virtue of their pleiotropic effects on gene expression, hormones structure the underlying genetic variances and covariances that determine a population's evolutionary response to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- *Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904 USA;
| | | | - Frances Bonier
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Abstract
To understand why organisms function the way that they do, we must understand how evolution shapes physiology. This requires knowledge of how selection acts on physiological traits in nature. Selection studies in the wild allow us to determine how variation in physiology causes variation in fitness, revealing how evolution molds physiology over evolutionary time. Manipulating phenotypes experimentally in a selection study shifts the distribution of trait variation in a population to better explore potential constraints and the adaptive value of physiological traits. There is a large database of selection studies in the wild on a variety of traits, but very few of those are physiological traits. Nevertheless, data available so far suggest that physiological traits, including metabolic rate, thermal physiology, whole-organism performance, and hormone levels, are commonly subjected to directional selection in nature, with stabilizing and disruptive selection less common than predicted if physiological traits are optimized to an environment. Selection studies on manipulated phenotypes, including circulating testosterone and glucocorticoid levels, reinforce this notion, but reveal that trade-offs between survival and reproduction or correlational selection can constrain the evolution of physiology. More studies of selection on physiological traits in nature that quantify multiple traits are necessary to better determine the manner in which physiological traits evolve and whether different types of traits (dynamic performance vs. regulatory) evolve differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Tringali A, Bowman R, Husby A. Selection and inheritance of sexually dimorphic juvenile plumage coloration. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5413-5422. [PMID: 30151142 PMCID: PMC6102527 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic plumage coloration is widespread in birds and is generally thought to be a result of sexual selection for more ornamented males. Although many studies find an association between coloration and fitness related traits, few of these simultaneously examine selection and inheritance. Theory predicts that sex‐linked genetic variation can facilitate the evolution of dimorphism, and some empirical work supports this, but we still know very little about the extent of sex linkage of sexually dimorphic traits. We used a longitudinal study on juvenile Florida scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) to estimate strength of selection and autosomal and Z‐linked heritability of mean brightness, UV chroma, and hue. Although plumage coloration signals dominance in juveniles, there was no indication that plumage coloration was related to whether or not an individual bred or its lifetime reproductive success. While mean brightness and UV chroma are moderately heritable, hue is not. There was no evidence for sex‐linked inheritance of any trait with most of the variation explained by maternal effects. The genetic correlation between the sexes was high and not significantly different from unity. These results indicate that evolution of sexual dimorphism in this species is constrained by low sex‐linked heritability and high intersexual genetic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tringali
- Avian Ecology Laboratory Archbold Biological Station 123 Main Dr. Venus Florida 33960
| | - Reed Bowman
- Avian Ecology Laboratory Archbold Biological Station 123 Main Dr. Venus Florida 33960
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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38
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Head ML, Vega-Trejo R, Jacomb F, Jennions MD. Predictors of male insemination success in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4999-5006. [PMID: 26640677 PMCID: PMC4662323 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying targets of selection is key to understanding the evolution of sexually selected behavioral and morphological traits. Many animals have coercive mating, yet little is known about whether and how mate choice operates when these are the dominant mating tactic. Here, we use multivariate selection analysis to examine the direction and shape of selection on male insemination success in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We found direct selection on only one of five measured traits, but correlational selection involving all five traits. Larger males with longer gonopodia and with intermediate sperm counts were more likely to inseminate females than smaller males with shorter gonopodia and extreme sperm counts. Our results highlight the need to investigate sexual selection using a multivariate framework even in species that lack complex sexual signals. Further, female choice appears to be important in driving the evolution of male sexual traits in this species where sexual coercion is the dominant mating tactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Head
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology Australian National University Acton Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Regina Vega-Trejo
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology Australian National University Acton Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Frances Jacomb
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology Australian National University Acton Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology Australian National University Acton Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
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39
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Bartheld JL, Gaitán‐Espitia JD, Artacho P, Salgado‐Luarte C, Gianoli E, Nespolo RF. Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bartheld
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | - Juan Diego Gaitán‐Espitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | - Paulina Artacho
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | | | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología Universidad de La Serena Casilla 554 La Serena Chile
- Departamento de Botánica Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160‐C Concepción Chile
| | - Roberto F. Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago 6513677 Chile
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40
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Fenster CB, Reynolds RJ, Williams CW, Makowsky R, Dudash MR. Quantifying hummingbird preference for floral trait combinations: The role of selection on trait interactions in the evolution of pollination syndromes. Evolution 2015; 69:1113-27. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Fenster
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland, College Park; College Park Maryland 20742
- Mountain Lake Biological Station; 240 Salt Pond Road Pembroke Virginia 24136
| | - Richard J. Reynolds
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland, College Park; College Park Maryland 20742
- Mountain Lake Biological Station; 240 Salt Pond Road Pembroke Virginia 24136
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Christopher W. Williams
- Mountain Lake Biological Station; 240 Salt Pond Road Pembroke Virginia 24136
- Frostburg State University; Frostburg Maryland 21502
- National Institutes of Health, NIDDK; Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | | | - Michele R. Dudash
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland, College Park; College Park Maryland 20742
- Mountain Lake Biological Station; 240 Salt Pond Road Pembroke Virginia 24136
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41
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Roulin A, Jensen H. Sex-linked inheritance, genetic correlations and sexual dimorphism in three melanin-based colour traits in the barn owl. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:655-66. [PMID: 25656218 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Theory states that genes on the sex chromosomes have stronger effects on sexual dimorphism than genes on the autosomes. Although empirical data are not necessarily consistent with this theory, this situation may prevail because the relative role of sex-linked and autosomally inherited genes on sexual dimorphism has rarely been evaluated. We estimated the quantitative genetics of three sexually dimorphic melanin-based traits in the barn owl (Tyto alba), in which females are on average darker reddish pheomelanic and display more and larger black eumelanic feather spots than males. The plumage traits with higher sex-linked inheritance showed lower heritability and genetic correlations, but contrary to prediction, these traits showed less pronounced sexual dimorphism. Strong offspring sexual dimorphism primarily resulted from daughters not expressing malelike melanin-based traits and from sons expressing femalelike traits to similar degrees as their sisters. We conclude that in the barn owl, polymorphism at autosomal genes rather than at sex-linked genes generate variation in sexual dimorphism in melanin-based traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Pradhan DS, Solomon-Lane TK, Grober MS. Contextual modulation of social and endocrine correlates of fitness: insights from the life history of a sex changing fish. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:8. [PMID: 25691855 PMCID: PMC4315020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are critical regulators of reproductive life history, and the steroid sensitive traits (morphology, behavior, physiology) associated with particular life history stages can have substantial fitness consequences for an organism. Hormones, behavior and fitness are reciprocally associated and can be used in an integrative fashion to understand how the environment impacts organismal function. To address the fitness component, we highlight the importance of using reliable proxies of reproductive success when studying proximate regulation of reproductive phenotypes. To understand the mechanisms by which the endocrine system regulates phenotype, we discuss the use of particular endocrine proxies and the need for appropriate functional interpretation of each. Lastly, in any experimental paradigm, the responses of animals vary based on the subtle differences in environmental and social context and this must also be considered. We explore these different levels of analyses by focusing on the fascinating life history transitions exhibited by the bi-directionally hermaphroditic fish, Lythrypnus dalli. Sex changing fish are excellent models for providing a deeper understanding of the fitness consequences associated with behavioral and endocrine variation. We close by proposing that local regulation of steroids is one potential mechanism that allows for the expression of novel phenotypes that can be characteristic of specific life history stages. A comparative species approach will facilitate progress in understanding the diversity of mechanisms underlying the contextual regulation of phenotypes and their associated fitness correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew S Grober
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
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43
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Venesky MD, Hess A, DeMarchi JA, Weil A, Murone J, Hickerson CAM, Anthony CD. Morph-specific differences in disease prevalence and pathogen-induced mortality in a terrestrial polymorphic salamander. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Venesky
- Department of Biology; Allegheny College; Meadville PA USA
| | - A. Hess
- Department of Biology; Allegheny College; Meadville PA USA
| | - J. A. DeMarchi
- Department of Biology; Allegheny College; Meadville PA USA
| | - A. Weil
- Department of Biology; Allegheny College; Meadville PA USA
| | - J. Murone
- Department of Biology; Allegheny College; Meadville PA USA
| | - C.-A. M. Hickerson
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH USA
| | - C. D. Anthony
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH USA
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44
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Atwell JW, Cardoso GC, Whittaker DJ, Price TD, Ketterson ED. Hormonal, Behavioral, and Life-History Traits Exhibit Correlated Shifts in Relation to Population Establishment in a Novel Environment. Am Nat 2014; 184:E147-60. [DOI: 10.1086/678398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Hegyi G, Laczi M, Nagy G, Szász E, Kötél D, Török J. Stable correlation structure among multiple plumage colour traits: can they work as a single signal? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Hegyi
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Miklós Laczi
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Eszter Szász
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Dóra Kötél
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C H1117 Budapest Hungary
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46
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Whittaker DJ, Reichard DG, Drouilly M, Battle K, Ziegenfus C. Avian olfactory displays: a hypothesis for the function of bill-wiping in a social context. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015; 69:159-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Wells SJ, Ji W, Dale J, Jones B, Gleeson D. Male size predicts extrapair paternity in a socially monogamous bird with extreme sexual size dimorphism. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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48
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Pitchers WR, Klingenberg CP, Tregenza T, Hunt J, Dworkin I. The potential influence of morphology on the evolutionary divergence of an acoustic signal. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2163-76. [PMID: 25223712 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of acoustic behaviour and that of the morphological traits mediating its production are often coupled. Lack of variation in the underlying morphology of signalling traits has the potential to constrain signal evolution. This relationship is particularly likely in field crickets, where males produce acoustic advertisement signals to attract females by stridulating with specialized structures on their forewings. In this study, we characterize the size and geometric shape of the forewings of males from six allopatric populations of the black field cricket (Teleogryllus commodus) known to have divergent advertisement calls. We sample from each of these populations using both wild-caught and common-garden-reared cohorts, allowing us to test for multivariate relationships between wing morphology and call structure. We show that the allometry of shape has diverged across populations. However, there was a surprisingly small amount of covariation between wing shape and call structure within populations. Given the importance of male size for sexual selection in crickets, the divergence we observe among populations has the potential to influence the evolution of advertisement calls in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Pitchers
- Department of Zoology, Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
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49
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Liebgold EB, Gerlach NM, Ketterson ED. Similarity in temporal variation in sex-biased dispersal over short and long distances in the dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:5548-60. [PMID: 24730036 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of sex-biased dispersal (SBD) are typically consistent within taxa, for example female-biased in birds and male-biased in mammals, leading to theories about the evolutionary pressures that lead to SBD. However, generalizations about the evolution of sex biases tend to overlook that dispersal is mediated by ecological factors that vary over time. We examined potential temporal variation in between- and within-population dispersal over an 11-year period in a bird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured between-population dispersal patterns using genetic assignment indices and found yearly variation in which sex was more likely to have immigrated. When we measured within-population spatial genetic structure and mark–recapture dispersal distances, we typically found yearly SBD patterns that mirrored between-population dispersal, indicating common eco-evolutionary causes despite expected differences due to the scale of dispersal. However, in years without detectable between-population sex biases, we found genetic similarity between nearby males within our population. This suggests that, in certain circumstances, ecological pressures may act on within-population dispersal without affecting dispersal between populations. Alternatively, current analytical tools may be better able to detect within-population SBD. Future work will investigate potential causes of the observed temporal variation in dispersal patterns and whether they have greater effects on within-population dispersal.
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50
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Walker LK, Ewen JG, Brekke P, Kilner RM. Sexually selected dichromatism in the hihi Notiomystis cincta: multiple colours for multiple receivers. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1522-35. [PMID: 24836349 PMCID: PMC4515105 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Why do some bird species show dramatic sexual dichromatism in their plumage? Sexual selection is the most common answer to this question. However, other competing explanations mean it is unwise to assume that all sexual dichromatism has evolved by this mechanism. Even if sexual selection is involved, further work is necessary to determine whether dichromatism results from competition amongst rival males, or by female choice for attractive traits, or both. Here, we test whether sexually dichromatic hihi (Notiomystis cincta) plumage is currently under sexual selection, with detailed behavioural and genetic analyses of a free-living island population. Bateman gradients measured for males and females reveal the potential for sexual selection, whilst selection gradients, relating reproductive success to specific colourful traits, show that there is stabilizing selection on white ear tuft length in males. By correlating colourful male plumage with different components of reproductive success, we show that properties of yellow plumage are most likely a product of male–male competition, whilst properties of the black and white plumage are an outcome of both male–male competition and female choice. Male plumage therefore potentially signals to multiple receivers (rival males and potential mates), and this may explain the multicoloured appearance of one of the most strikingly dichromatic species in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Walker
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, London, UK
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