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Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review. METHODS We searched PubMed® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first-generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide. RESULTS A total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second- or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first-generation migrants. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Ferro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Krawczyk N, de Souza Espíndola Santos A, Lima J, Meyer A. Revisiting cancer 15 years later: Exploring mortality among agricultural and non-agricultural workers in the Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:77-86. [PMID: 27699817 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Agricultural production has expanded dramatically throughout Brazil. Previous research in the Serrana Region found that from 1979 to 1998, agricultural workers experienced high mortality rates from certain cancers compared to non-agricultural workers [Meyer et al. (2003): Environ Res 93:264-271]. METHODS New data were obtained for 1999-2013 and Mortality Odds Ratios (MORs) were utilized to compare cancer and other mortality between male agricultural workers in the Serrana Region and non-agricultural workers in the Serrana Region, Rio de Janeiro, and Porto Alegre, and to compare mortality odds to previous decades. RESULTS Respectively, compared to aforementioned reference-groups, agricultural workers experienced highest MORs for stomach (1.55 [95%CI: 1.13-2.12], 2.30 [95%CI: 1.72-3.08], 2.28 [95%CI: 1.69-3.08]) and esophageal cancers (95%CI: 1.93 [1.38-2.7], 1.93 [95%CI: 1.38-2.71], 3.12 [95%CI: 2.30-4.24]), greater than reported in previous decades. Agricultural workers experienced higher mortality for external-causes, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems compared to urban reference-groups. CONCLUSION Agricultural workers may be at increasing risk for cancer and other mortality. Efforts are needed to investigate distinct risk-factors among this group. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:77-86, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Krawczyk
- Department of Mental Health; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | | | - Jaime Lima
- Department of Biochemistry; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Armando Meyer
- Institute for Studies in Collective Health; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Goto Y, Syam AF, Darnindro N, Hapsari FCP. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Healthy Inhabitants in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4747-4753. [PMID: 27893207 PMCID: PMC5454627 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Indonesia has been reported to be
exceedingly low. The purpose of our study was to confirm whether this is the case in Northern Jakarta using a sensitive
13C-urea breath test (UBT), and to examine any associations with lifestyle/environment factors and potential routes
of transmission. Methods: We recruited a total of 196 subjects from a low-income community in Northern Jakarta,
Indonesia, data from 193 who completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle/environment and had UBT being included
as the final. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex and age with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a
logistic regression model. Results: The overall H. pylori infection rate was 15.0% (95%CI, 10.3-20.9), with variation
among Javanese (9.1%, total=77), Buginese (40.0%, 35), Betawi (9.1%, 33), Sundanese (3.7%, 27), and Batak (40.0%,
5). On multivariate analysis, the ORs for intake of soybean milk, cucumber more than once a week, infrequent hand
washing practice before meals, and alcohol consumption were 0.10 (95%CI: 0.01-0.97), 6.61 (95%CI: 1.87-23.3), 4.10
(95%CI: 1.15-14.6), and 61.9 (95%CI: 1.67-2300.8), respectively. Rates for Buginese (OR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.82-33.8)
and Batak (OR=20.1; 95%CI: 1.90-213.2) were significantly higher than for Javanese. Conclusions: The H. pylori
infection rate in this study was relatively low, in line with previous studies. Regarding ethnicity factors, Buginese and
Batak reported eating food using fingers more frequently than Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese. Our study indicated
that person-person transmission is possible in this low prevalence area. The low infection rates for H. pylori among
Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese ethnics could be partly due to their sanitary practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Suzuki RB, Cola RF, Cola LTB, Ferrari CG, Ellinger F, Therezo AL, Silva LC, Eterovic A, Sperança MA. Different risk factors influence peptic ulcer disease development in a Brazilian population. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5404-11. [PMID: 23082057 PMCID: PMC3471109 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate age, sex, histopathology and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status, as risk factors for gastroduodenal disease outcome in Brazilian dyspeptic patients.
METHODS: From all 1466 consecutive dyspeptic patients submitted to upper gastroscopy at Hospital das Clinicas of Marilia, antral biopsy specimens were obtained and subjected to histopathology and H. pylori diagnosis. All patients presenting chronic gastritis (CG) and peptic ulcer (PU) disease localized in the stomach, gastric ulcer (GU) and/or duodenal ulcer (DU) were included in the study. Gastric biopsies (n = 668) positive for H. pylori by rapid urease test were investigated for vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) medium (m) region mosaicism by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the association of age, sex, histopathologic alterations, H. pylori diagnosis and vacA m region mosaicism with the incidence of DU, GU and CG in patients.
RESULTS: Of 1466 patients submitted to endoscopy, 1060 (72.3%) presented CG [male/female = 506/554; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.2 ± 17.81], 88 (6.0%) presented DU [male/female = 54/34; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.4 ± 17.14], and 75 (5.1%) presented GU [male/female = 54/21; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.3 ± 17.12] and were included in the comparative analysis. Sex and age showed no detectable effect on CG incidence (overall χ2 = 2.1, P = 0.3423). Sex [Odds ratios (OR) = 1.8631, P = 0.0058] but not age (OR = 0.9929, P = 0.2699) was associated with DU and both parameters had a highly significant effect on GU (overall χ2 = 30.5, P < 0.0001). The histopathological results showed a significant contribution of ageing for both atrophy (OR = 1.0297, P < 0.0001) and intestinal metaplasia (OR = 1.0520, P < 0.0001). Presence of H. pylori was significantly associated with decreasing age (OR = 0.9827, P < 0.0001) and with the incidence of DU (OR = 3.6077, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of m1 in DU was statistically significant (OR = 2.3563, P = 0.0018) but not in CG (OR = 2.678, P = 0.0863) and GU (OR = 1.520, P= 0.2863).
CONCLUSION: In our population, male gender was a risk factor for PU; ageing for GU, atrophy and metaplasia; and H. pylori of vacA m1 genotype for DU.
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Gao QY, Wang ZH, Chooi EYH, Cui Y, Hu Y, Yang CQ, Liu F, Zheng P, Wang CD, Song YY, Fang JY. A novel model might predict the risk of chronic atrophic gastritis: a multicenter prospective study in China. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:509-17. [PMID: 22404449 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.658857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a new way to predict the risk of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS All the participants received endoscopy and histological examination as well as a standard questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression to build the CAG risk model. The accuracy was evaluated by 1418 subjects recruited from six medical centers. 63 subjects received another endoscopy after 1-year follow-up and divided into three groups according to the comparison of the histological results (improved, no change and worse). RESULTS The model showed relatively good discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.888 (95% CI 0.852-0.925). A final probability cut-off score of 0.73 was used to predict the presence (>0.73) or absence of CAG (≤0.73). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 82.8%, 74.7%, 91.8% and 56%, respectively. The predicted results of 1418 subjects compared with the histological results were quite similar. There was a significant difference of the scores between three groups who were followed-up for 1 year (F = 3.248, p = 0.046). In multiple comparisons, a significant difference existed between Group A (the histological results had improved after 1-year follow-up) and Group C (the results were worse) (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of the use of a mathematical model for CAG risk screening. Endoscopy should be recommended to those who are positive according to the model, to detect CAG early and conserve medical resources. In those who have a high-risk score, closer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health-Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, 145 Middle Shandong Rd, Shanghai, China
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6
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Mattar R, Monteiro MS, Marques SB, Zilberstein B, Hashimoto CL, Carrilho FJ. Association of LEC and tnpA Helicobacter pylori genes with gastric cancer in a Brazilian population. Infect Agent Cancer 2010; 5:1. [PMID: 20205796 PMCID: PMC2823720 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background H. pylori seroprevalence in Brazilians varies and is dependent on socioeconomic status, sanitation conditions and ethnicity; furthermore, H. pylori is not always associated with the incidence of gastric cancer, suggesting the role of more virulent strains. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of more virulent H. pylori strains with gastric cancer. Methods DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of thirty-four cases of gastric cancer (11 intestinal-type, 23 diffuse-type), and thirty-four of patients with endoscopic gastritis. The presence of cagPAI genes (cagA, cagA promoter, cagE, cagM, tnpB, tnpA, cagT and the left end of the cagII (LEC)) and babA were analyzed by PCR. Results Comparison of H. pylori isolates from gastric cancer and gastritis patients showed significant associations of tnpA and LEC with gastric cancer (73.5% [OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 2.30-19.25] and 58.8% [OR, 10.71; 95% CI, 3.07-37.28] of cases, respectively). Other cagPAI genes were detected in both groups at similar frequencies. Conclusions tnpA and LEC of H. pylori cagPAI were associated with gastric cancer; nonetheless, these results were restricted within this group of patients and further studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger sample and determine their role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Mattar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 9 degrees andar sala 9159, São Paulo, 05403-000, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a cause of chronic gastritis and maybe responsible for functional dyspepsia in a subset of patients. Many risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and smoking, may contribute to the colonization and infection of H. pylori in humans. However, studies on the relationship between H. pylori infection and drinking or smoking have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether consumption of alcohol or smoking is associated with active H. pylori infection in functional dyspepsia patients. METHODS H. pylori infection was confirmed by CLOtest and histology on at least two biopsies. Active chronic gastritis was diagnosed using the updated Sydney system. In addition to gender and age, information on drinking and smoking habits was collected using a standard questionnaire. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome II diagnostic criteria. RESULTS H. pylori infection was positive in 27.3% of the 139 functional dyspepsia patients. Both age and gender were not significantly associated with H. pylori infection. A multiple logistic model found that alcohol consumption (OR = 9.05, 95% CI: 1.05-77.98) and pathology (active gastritis) (OR = 595.39, 95% CI: 81.43-4353.33) were associated with H. pylori infection. Active gastritis was associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.03-8.02), smoking (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.22-6.05) and age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). CONCLUSIONS In patients with functional dyspepsia, there is no significant association between active H. pylori infection and smoking. However, alcohol consumption appears to be associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas, for which the pathogenesis of chronic gastric inflammation prevails and provides the pathogenic basis. Since the role of H. pylori infection is promoting carcinogenesis rather than acting as a direct carcinogen, as several publications show, eradication alone cannot be the right answer for preventing H. pylori-associated gastric cancer. Therefore, a non-antimicrobial approach has been suggested to attain microbe-associated cancer prevention through controlling H. pylori-related chronic inflammatory processes and mediators responsible for carcinogenesis. Phytoceutical is a term for plant products that are active on biological systems. Phytoceuticals such as Korean red ginseng, green tea, red wine, flavonoids, broccoli sprouts, garlic, probiotics and flavonoids are known to inhibit H. pylori colonization, decrease gastric inflammation by inhibiting cytokine and chemokine release, and repress precancerous changes by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B DNA binding, inducing profuse levels of apoptosis and inhibiting mutagenesis. Even though further unsolved issues are awaited before phytoceuticals are accepted as a standard treatment for H. pylori infection, phytoceuticals can be a mighty weapon for either suppressing or modulating the disease-associated footprints of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kawai S, Goto Y, Ito LS, Oba-Shinjo SM, Uno M, Shinjo SK, Marie SKN, Ishida Y, Nishio K, Naito M, Hamajima N. Significant association between PTPN11 polymorphism and gastric atrophy among Japanese Brazilians. Gastric Cancer 2007; 9:277-83. [PMID: 17235629 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-006-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, especially the cytotoxin-associated antigen A (cagA)-positive strains, plays a crucial role in the development of gastric atrophy and gastric cancer. CagA delivered into gastric epithelial cells combines with src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), possibly leading to atrophy/cancer. Our previous study found that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; IMS-JST057927) of the PTPN11 gene encoding SHP-2, was associated with gastric atrophy among H. pylori-seropositive subjects. This study aimed to examine the reproducibility of the association among Japanese residing in a different circumstance. METHODS The subjects were 918 healthy adult Japanese Brazilians from four different areas in Brazil. Blood was sampled from March to May 2001. The target SNP in intron 3 of PTPN11 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). Gastric atrophy was evaluated with serum pepsinogens (PGs); PG I, less than 70 ng/dl and PG I/II ratio, less than 3. RESULTS The genotype frequency of PTPN11 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: 65.5% for G/G, 30.4% for G/A, and 4.1% for A/A. The PTPN11 polymorphism had no significant association with H. pylori seropositivity. Among the H. pylori-seropositive subjects, the odds ratios (ORs) of gastric atrophy were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-1.47) for the G/A genotype and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.10-0.95) for the A/A genotype, compared with the G/G genotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study reproduced the significant association between the A/A genotype and reduced risk of gastric atrophy among Japanese outside Japan. According to the Japan Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (JSNP) database (db)SNP data, the G allele is very frequent among Japanese and rare in Caucasians. This fact may partly explain the distribution of gastric atrophy/cancer in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Ito LS, Oba-Shinjo SM, Shinjo SK, Uno M, Marie SKN, Hamajima N. Community-based familial study of Helicobacter pylori infection among healthy Japanese Brazilians. Gastric Cancer 2007; 9:208-16. [PMID: 16952040 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-006-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study of Helicobacter pylori infection was conducted in family units of Japanese Brazilians living in São Paulo city. The authors attempted to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection within family units of Japanese Brazilians and to identify risk factors associated with intrafamilial transmission. METHODS The seroprevalence was determined in 1037 healthy and asymptomatic volunteer subjects aged 0-69 years (530 adults and 507 children) of 265 families. Demographic data and details of living conditions were obtained from each family. RESULTS H. pylori seropositive infection was found in 39.2% of the parents and 9.3% of the children. A reduced risk of H. pylori infection was found for girls (odds ratio [OR] 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.86). The prevalence of infection was 3.5% for children with uninfected parents; 9.9% (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.95-6.61) for those with a seronegative mother and a seropositive father; 14.9% (OR, 4.93; 95% CI, 1.86-13.06) for those with a seropositive mother and a seronegative father; and 16.0% (OR, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.98-14.14) for those with seropositive parents. On multivariate analysis, the use of a pacifier, and mother's symptoms of nausea and vomiting were significantly associated with the risk of H. pylori infection for children, and the child having her/his own room was significantly associated with a reduced risk. Income was not associated with H. pylori infection in children and was inversely associated in parents. CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection in family units of Japanese Brazilians supports the hypothesis of a predominant role for mother-child transmission of H. pylori infection, mainly through contact with regurgitated gastric juice in the mother's mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S Ito
- Japanese Brazilian Health Professional Volunteer Group, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Atsuta Y, Ito LS, Oba-Shinjo SM, Uno M, Shinjo SK, Marie SKN, Goto Y, Hamajima N. Associations of TNF-A-1031TT and -857TT genotypes with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric atrophy among Japanese Brazilians. Int J Clin Oncol 2006; 11:140-5. [PMID: 16622749 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-005-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study in a Japanese population showed elevated Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in those with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) A -1031TT and -857TT genotypes. This study examined the associations of this seropositivity and serum pepsinogen (PG) levels with these genotypes in Japanese Brazilians. METHODS The subjects were 963 individuals (399 males and 564 females), aged 33 to 69 years, from four regions (Sao Paulo, Curitiba, Mogi das Cruzes, and Mirandopolis) in Brazil. Gastric atrophy was evaluated with serum pepsinogens (PGI < 70 ng/dl and PGI/II < 3), and TNF T-1031C and C-857T were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). RESULTS The frequency of TNF-A T-1031C was 68.4% TT, 28.4% TC, and 3.3% CC, and that of C-857T was 64.5% CC, 31.7% CT, and 3.8% TT, whose distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant associations of the genotypes with H. pylori seropositivity or gastric atrophy were found. However, male participants with TNF-A -1031CC and -857CC showed the lowest seropositivity (43.8% out of 16), and males with TNF-A -1031TT and -857TT showed the highest (61.5% out of 13). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the associations between H. pylori seropositivity and TNF-A genotypes were not marked for Japanese Brazilians. The genotypes were not associated with gastric atrophy among the seropositive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Atsuta
- Department of Preventive Medicine / Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Santos IS, Boccio J, Santos AS, Valle NCJ, Halal CS, Bachilli MC, Lopes RD. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and associated factors among adults in Southern Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2005; 5:118. [PMID: 16283940 PMCID: PMC1308822 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-5-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is associated with several upper gastrointestinal disorders. Local data on the epidemiology of the infection are scarce in Brazil. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence rate and to explore the associated factors among the adult population living in Pelotas, a southern Brazilian city. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Through a multi-stage sampling method all individuals 20 years and over living at the selected households at the urban area of the city were interviewed regarding past and current socio-economic indicators; demographic characteristics; nutritional and behavioural habits; and history of upper gastrointestinal symptoms.Hp infection was ascertained through the 13C-UBT. Due to the high prevalence, data were analysed through robust Poisson regression. All analyses took into account the family clustering of the data. RESULTS Among 563 eligible individuals, 363 agreed to perform the 13C-UBT (refusal rate of 35.5%). Refusals were associated with female sex, consumption of mate drinking, and presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was 63.4% (95%CI 59.3%-69.3%). In crude analyses, prevalence was associated with increasing age, non-white skin colour, lower current family income, lower education level, higher size of the family, low socio-economic conditions in childhood, higher number of siblings and attendance to day-care centres in childhood, and presence of dyspeptic symptoms. In adjusted analysis the level of education of the father was inversely associated with the infection, whereas number of siblings and attendance to day-care centre in childhood were directly associated with it. Non-white skin colour remained significantly associated with increased prevalence even after allowing for past and current socio-economic characteristics, age and sex. Compared to non-symptomatic individuals, those reporting dyspeptic symptoms presented a higher prevalence of the infection even after allowing for current and past socio-economic conditions, ethnicity, age, and sex. CONCLUSION Hp infection is as common among adults in southern Brazil as it is in other developing countries. Socio-economic conditions in childhood besides ethnicity and presence of dyspeptic symptoms were the factors significantly associated with the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina S Santos
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jose Boccio
- Laboratory of Stable Isotopes applied to Medicine and Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ari S Santos
- Department of Analytic and Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto f Chemistry and Geosciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Neiva CJ Valle
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila S Halal
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marta Colvara Bachilli
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Lopes
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered to be a cause of gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and other diseases. The relationship between infection and the hygiene or housing circumstances of such patients in their childhood was explored. The study subjects were those who applied for a H. pylori antibody test, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire enclosed with a test kit, inquiring as to their hygiene and housing conditions when they were 10 years old. Of 5971 applicants, 5854 agreed to participate in the study. Associations between the six factors in the questionnaire and infection were calculated, and adjusted for sex, age and district. Drinking water, type of toilet, residential area, number of people in the house, and birth order showed significant correlations with H. pylori infection. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.73 (0.55-0.96) for tap water, 0.72 (0.63-0.84) for flush toilets, 0.74 (0.66-0.83) for urban location, 1.34 (1.09-1.64) for 7 or more people in the household, 1.19 (1.00-1.41) for 4th or 5th in birth order, and 1.47 (1.17-1.85) for 6th or more in birth order. No significant association with breast feeding was observed. These results suggest that infection with H. pylori may be associated with water-related sanitary factors in childhood, and that the bacillus may be transmitted within a family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsue Ueda
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Gikas A, Triantafillidis JK, Apostolidis N, Mallas E, Peros G, Androulakis G. Relationship of smoking and coffee and alcohol consumption with seroconversion to Helicobacter pylori: a longitudinal study in hospital workers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19:927-33. [PMID: 15242498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There are few data concerning the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seroconversion, and smoking habits and coffee and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between smoking habits, coffee and alcohol consumption, and H. pylori seroconversion. METHODS The data used were derived from a sample of 238 subjects (hospital employees) who were initially (on 1994) seronegative to H. pylori. These subjects were tested again 5 years later (1999). Information concerning smoking habits and coffee and alcohol consumption was collected by the use of a special questionnaire, which was completed by the same cohort of subjects in two different periods (1994 and 1999). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between H. pylori seroconversion and the aforementioned lifestyle factors. RESULTS Neither smoking nor coffee consumption was significantly related to H. pylori seroconversion. Adjusted odds ratio for alcohol drinkers as compared with non-/occasional drinkers was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-1.16, P = 0.13). However, the odds ratio was significantly lower (0.26, 95%CI: 0.07-0.95, P = 0.042) in subjects who reported moderate alcohol consumption at first (1994) examination, as compared with non-/occasional drinkers. Small and heavy drinking were not associated with H. pylori seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS There is no significant relation between H. pylori seroconversion and smoking and coffee consumption. The present findings suggest that moderate alcohol consumption might be inversely associated with H. pylori seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristofanis Gikas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Panteleimon General State Hospital, Nicea, Greece.
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