1
|
de Carvalho JCS, da Silva-Neto PV, Toro DM, Fuzo CA, Nardini V, Pimentel VE, Pérez MM, Fraga-Silva TFC, Oliveira CNS, Degiovani AM, Ostini FM, Feitosa MR, Parra RS, da Rocha JJR, Feres O, Vilar FC, Gaspar GG, Santos IKFM, Fernandes APM, Maruyama SR, Russo EMS, Bonato VLD, Cardoso CRB, Dias-Baruffi M, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA. The Interplay among Glucocorticoid Therapy, Platelet-Activating Factor and Endocannabinoid Release Influences the Inflammatory Response to COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020573. [PMID: 36851787 PMCID: PMC9959303 DOI: 10.3390/v15020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated immune response. Currently, several medicines are licensed for the treatment of this disease. Due to their significant role in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators, glucocorticoids (GCs) have attracted a great deal of attention. Similarly, the endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates various physiological processes including the immunological response. Additionally, during inflammatory and thrombotic processes, phospholipids from cell membranes are cleaved to produce platelet-activating factor (PAF), another lipid mediator. Nonetheless, the effect of GCs on this lipid pathway during COVID-19 therapy is still unknown. This is a cross-sectional study involving COVID-19 patients (n = 200) and healthy controls (n = 35). Target tandem mass spectrometry of plasma lipid mediators demonstrated that COVID-19 severity affected eCBs and PAF synthesis. This increased synthesis of eCB was adversely linked with systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and sTREM-1 levels and neutrophil counts. The use of GCs altered these lipid pathways by reducing PAF and increasing 2-AG production. Corroborating this, transcriptome analysis of GC-treated patients blood leukocytes showed differential modulation of monoacylglycerol lipase and phospholipase A2 gene expression. Altogether, these findings offer a breakthrough in our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology, indicating that GCs may promote additional protective pharmacological effects by influencing the eCB and PAF pathways involved in the disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan C. S. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro V. da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Diana M. Toro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius E. Pimentel
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Malena M. Pérez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla N. S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto M. Degiovani
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima M. Ostini
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marley R. Feitosa
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio S. Parra
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José J. R. da Rocha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Vilar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto G. Gaspar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel K. F. M. Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. M. Fernandes
- Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-EERP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Maruyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa M. S. Russo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia L. D. Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina R. B. Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H. Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Sorgi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada-PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-3315-9176
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Surina NM, Fedotova IB, Poletaeva II. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Infusions of Dexamethasone on Audiogenic Seizures and Catalepsy in Rats of Krushinsky–Molodkina and “0” Strains. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Li S, Li H, Xu Y, Ning W, Hu S, Wei S, Song H, Sun J, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Hu X, Liu M. Implications of Human Antimicrobial Peptide Defensin Beta-1 in Clinical Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients via an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:2203615. [PMID: 35222682 PMCID: PMC8881164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human antimicrobial peptide defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) has been found to play antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory roles in oral diseases; however, its tumor-regulating role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not yet been researched by using an integrative bioinformatics approach. OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulating mechanisms of the DEFB1 gene in OSCC in terms of its expression patterns, prognostic values, biological functions, and implication for tumor immunity. METHODS The DEFB1 gene expression pattern and regulatory involvement in OSCC were investigated using publically accessible data from TCGA database. R software tools and public web servers were utilized to conduct statistical analysis of data from cancer and noncancerous samples. RESULTS DEFB1 was found to be significantly downregulated in OSCC tumor samples compared with healthy control oral samples. The DEFB1 gene was found associated with the prognostic outcomes of OSCC, and its upregulation represented better survival outcome. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showed that DEFB1-significantly correlated genes were mainly enriched in four signaling pathways mediating the antitumor role of DEFB1 in OSCC, including extracellular matrix-related pathway, RTK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, keratinization, and cytokine-related pathway. The gene-gene interaction network showed that DEFB1 was closely correlated with several genes, for example, CCR6 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 6), CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1), MAP4K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2), PTGER3 (prostaglandin E receptor 3), and MMP7 (matrix metallopeptidase 7). Moreover, DEFB1 was found to be involved in the tumor immunity of OSCC by regulating the function of tumor macrophage cells, mast cells, T cells, and NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Given the dysregulation, prognostic value, and tumor progression-related biological pathway alteration, indicating the tumor immune-modulatory role of DEFB1 in OSCC, the DEFB1 gene should be regarded as a potential therapeutic target for treating oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shaonan Hu
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Leipzig University, Semmelweisstraße 14, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shanzun Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hongning Song
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Jianghe Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xianda Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, 218 Anwaixiaoguanbeili Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Olive L, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Carvalho A, Maes M, Walder K, Berk M. Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118617. [PMID: 33096114 PMCID: PMC7574725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of mortality. This paper describes the processes involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from the initial infection and subsequent destruction of type II alveolar epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and culminating in the development of ARDS. MAIN BODY The activation of alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages leads to the release of large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their translocation into the pulmonary vasculature. The presence of these inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment leads to the activation of vascular endothelial cells platelets and neutrophils and the subsequent formation of platelet neutrophil complexes. These complexes in concert with activated endothelial cells interact to create a state of immunothrombosis. The consequence of immunothrombosis include hypercoagulation, accelerating inflammation, fibrin deposition, migration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) producing neutrophils into the alveolar apace, activation of the NLRP3 inflammazome, increased alveolar macrophage destruction and massive tissue damage by pyroptosis and necroptosis Therapeutic combinations aimed at ameliorating immunothrombosis and preventing the development of severe COVID-19 are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Curran MM, Hall AM, Patterson KP, Shao M, Eltom N, Chen K, Dubé CM, Baram TZ. Dexamethasone Attenuates Hyperexcitability Provoked by Experimental Febrile Status Epilepticus. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO. [PMID: 31685676 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0430-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammation in the mechanisms of epilepsy development is important because inflammatory mediators provide tractable targets for intervention. Inflammation is intrinsically involved in the generation of childhood febrile seizures (FSs), and prolonged FS [febrile status epilepticus (FSE)] precedes a large proportion of adult cases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As TLE is often refractory to therapy and is associated with serious cognitive and emotional problems, we investigated whether its development can be prevented using anti-inflammatory strategies. Using an immature rat model of FSE [experimental FSE (eFSE)], we administered dexamethasone (DEX), a broad anti-inflammatory agent, over 3 d following eFSE. We assessed eFSE-provoked hippocampal network hyperexcitability by quantifying the presence, frequency, and duration of hippocampal spike series, as these precede and herald the development of TLE-like epilepsy. We tested whether eFSE provoked hippocampal microgliosis, astrocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine production in male and female rats and investigated blood–brain barrier (BBB) breaches as a potential contributor. We then evaluated whether DEX attenuated these eFSE sequelae. Spike series were not observed in control rats given vehicle or DEX, but occurred in 41.6% of eFSE-vehicle rats, associated with BBB leakage and elevated hippocampal cytokines. eFSE did not induce astrocytosis or microgliosis but provoked BBB disruption in 60% of animals. DEX significantly reduced spike series prevalence (to 7.6%) and frequency, and abrogated eFSE-induced cytokine production and BBB leakage (to 20%). These findings suggest that a short, postinsult intervention with a clinically available anti-inflammatory agent potently attenuates epilepsy-predicting hippocampal hyperexcitability, potentially by minimizing BBB disruption and related neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sugimoto N, Ishibashi H, Ueda Y, Nakamura H, Yachie A, Ohno-Shosaku T. Corticosterone inhibits the expression of cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced decrease in cell viability in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1557-1563. [PMID: 31423223 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system regulates physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. Recently, emotional and physical stressors were observed to be involved in impairing the endocannabinoid system, which was concomitant with an increase in serum corticosteroids. However, the influence of corticosteroids on the endocannabinoid system has yet to be completely elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of corticosterone, one of the corticosteroids, on the endocannabinoid system in malignant glioblastoma cells in vitro. U-87 MG cells derived from malignant glioblastoma were subjected to corticosterone stimulation and their viability, signal transduction, and endocannabinoid-related gene expression were examined. Corticosterone decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2. Of note, although endocannabinoids decreased cell viability, corticosterone inhibited the cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced decrease in cell viability by downregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in glioblastoma cells. These results suggest that corticosteroids modify the endocannabinoid system in glioblastoma cells, and a reduction in the beneficial anti-tumor effects of endocannabinoids through downregulation of the CB1 receptor by corticosterone may promote the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishibashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takako Ohno-Shosaku
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu CP, Xun QF, Li XZ, Hu XY, Qin L, He RX, Feng JT. Effects of Glucocorticoid-Induced Transcript 1 Gene Deficiency on Glucocorticoid Activation in Asthmatic Mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2817-2826. [PMID: 30511684 PMCID: PMC6278198 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.246061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) is the first-line therapy for asthma, but some asthmatics are insensitive to it. Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene (GLCCI1) is reported to be associated with GCs efficiency in asthmatics, while its exact mechanism remains unknown. Methods: A total of 30 asthmatic patients received fluticasone propionate for 12 weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and GLCCI1 expression were detected. Asthma model was constructed in wild-type and GLCCI1 knockout (GLCCI1-/-) mice. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression were detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting (WB). The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also detected by WB. Results: In asthmatic patients, the change of FEV1 was well positively correlated with change of GLCCI1 expression (r = 0.430, P = 0.022). In animal experiment, GR and MKP-1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in asthmatic mice than in control mice (wild-type: GR: 0.769 vs. 1.000, P = 0.022; MKP-1: 0.493 vs. 1.000, P < 0.001. GLCCI1-/-: GR: 0.629 vs. 1.645, P < 0.001; MKP-1: 0.377 vs. 2.146, P < 0.001). Hydroprednisone treatment significantly increased GR and MKP-1 mRNA expression levels than in asthmatic groups; however, GLCCI1-/- asthmatic mice had less improvement (wild-type: GR: 1.517 vs. 0.769, P = 0.023; MKP-1: 1.036 vs. 0.493, P = 0.003. GLCCI1-/-: GR: 0.846 vs. 0.629, P = 0.116; MKP-1: 0.475 vs. 0.377, P = 0.388). GLCCI1-/- asthmatic mice had more obvious phosphorylation of p38 MAPK than wild-type asthmatic mice (9.060 vs. 3.484, P < 0.001). It was still higher even though after hydroprednisone treatment (6.440 vs. 2.630, P < 0.001). Conclusions: GLCCI1 deficiency in asthmatic mice inhibits the activation of GR and MKP-1 and leads to more obvious phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to a decremental sensitivity to GCs. Trial Registration: ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR-RCC-13003634; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5926.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Xun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Zhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ruo-Xi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun-Tao Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Peng H, Xu J, Xu Y, Yin Y, He B, Zhuang J. Effects of Dendrobium Officinale Polysaccharides on Brain Inflammation of Epileptic Rats. INT J POLYM SCI 2019; 2019:1-6. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9058161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPS) on the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α and the MKP-1/MAPK signal pathway. Methods. PTZ-induced epileptic rat models were established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the DOPS group, the model group, and the DOPS intervention group. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampi of all groups; western blot was used to measure the protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and MKP-1 in the hippocampi of all groups at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after modeling. Results. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after modeling, there were no significant differences between the control group and the DOPS group in the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and MKP-1 (all P>0.05); the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 were significantly increased, while the phosphorylation of MKP-1 was decreased in the model group compared with the control group. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 were significantly decreased, while the phosphorylation of MKP-1 was increased in the DOPS intervention group compared with the model group. Conclusion. DOPS can reduce PTZ-induced brain inflammation and seizures of epileptic rats by inhibiting IL-1β, TNF-α, and MAPK signal pathways.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fruitwala S, El-Naccache DW, Chang TL. Multifaceted immune functions of human defensins and underlying mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:163-172. [PMID: 29501617 PMCID: PMC6485945 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defensins have been long recognized as natural antimicrobial peptides, but they also possess diverse and versatile immune functions. Defensins can both induce inflammation and suppress inflammatory responses by acting on specific cells through distinct mechanisms. Defensins can also modulate the immune response by forming a complex with cellular molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. The mechanisms of defensin-mediated immune modulation appear to be cell-type and context specific. Because the levels of human defensins are often altered in response to infection or disease states, suggesting their clinical relevance, this review summarizes the complex immune functions of human defensins and their underlying mechanisms of action, which have implications for the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saahil Fruitwala
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Theresa L Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdel-Mageed AM, Nii T, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Modulatory roles of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression of cathelicidins in the lower regions of the oviduct of laying hens. Cytokine 2017; 99:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Yeo SCM, Fenwick PS, Barnes PJ, Lin HS, Donnelly LE. Isorhapontigenin, a bioavailable dietary polyphenol, suppresses airway epithelial cell inflammation through a corticosteroid-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2043-2059. [PMID: 28369685 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a corticosteroid-resistant airway inflammatory condition. Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory activities in COPD but has weak potency and poor pharmacokinetics. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of isorhapontigenin, another dietary polyphenol, as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for COPD by examining its effects in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary human airway epithelial cells derived from healthy and COPD subjects, and A549 epithelial cells were incubated with isorhapontigenin or resveratrol and stimulated with IL-1β in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke extract. Effects of isorhapontigenin and resveratrol on the release of IL-6 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), and the activation of NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), MAPKs and PI3K/Akt/FoxO3A pathways were determined and compared with those of dexamethasone. The pharmacokinetic profiles of isorhapontigenin, after i.v. or oral administration, were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. KEY RESULTS Isorhapontigenin concentration-dependently inhibited IL-6 and CXCL8 release, with IC50 values at least twofold lower than those of resveratrol. These were associated with reduced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 and, notably, the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3A pathway, that was relatively insensitive to dexamethasone. In vivo, isorhapontigenin was rapidly absorbed with abundant plasma levels after oral dosing. Its oral bioavailability was approximately 50% higher than resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Isorhapontigenin, an orally bioavailable dietary polyphenol, displayed superior anti-inflammatory effects compared with resveratrol. Furthermore, it suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway that is insensitive to corticosteroids. These favourable efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties support its further development as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chao Ming Yeo
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter S Fenwick
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hai Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shimizu T, To M, Kamata Y, Saruta J, Sato T, Fuchida S, Hamada N, Tsukinoki K. Human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-1β expression in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis challenge in mice transplanted with periodontitic human gingiva. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:38-43. [PMID: 28286291 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in the host response contributes significantly to expression of periodontal disease. Thus, research into the human host response is considered important in the analysis of periodontal disease. Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is typically produced by epithelial tissues after stimulation with microorganisms and inflammatory mediators, and it contributes to the initial defense in the innate immune response. However, hBD-2 expression in response to infection has not been investigated in human gingival tissue with periodontitis. We examined the response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in an established in vivo model of human gingival grafts with various degrees of periodontitis. We also investigated the expression profile of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Gingival tissues were collected from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (21 with slight-to-moderate disease, 19 with severe disease) during tooth extraction or periodontal surgery. These tissues were transplanted subcutaneously into nu/nu mice. We used real-time PCR to compare the expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β. In slight-to-moderate chronic periodontitis, hBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the stimulated group than in the non-stimulated group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant increase in the group with severe chronic periodontitis. IL-1β expression did not differ between groups. Increased expression of hBD-2 and IL-1β was associated with slight-to-moderate periodontitis (p < 0.05), and there was a significant relationship between decreased hBD-2 and IL-1β expression and severe periodontitis (p < 0.05). The initial expression profile of hBD-2 in P. gingivalis infection differs according to the severity of periodontitis. In addition, changes in hBD-2 and IL-1β expression may be important in the progression of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro To
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Fuchida
- Department of Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramesh G, Martinez AN, Martin DS, Philipp MT. Effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation in glial and neuronal cells of the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:28. [PMID: 28153013 PMCID: PMC5290621 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previously, we reported that in a model of acute LNB in rhesus monkeys, treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone significantly reduced both pleocytosis and levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune mediators that were induced by Bb. Dexamethasone also inhibited the formation of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord of these animals. In contrast, these signs were evident in the infected animals that were left untreated or in those that were treated with meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Methods To address the differential anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam in the central nervous system (CNS), we evaluated the potential of these drugs to alter the levels of Bb-induced inflammatory mediators in culture supernatants of rhesus frontal cortex (FC) explants, primary rhesus astrocytes and microglia, and human oligodendrocytes. We also ascertained the potential of dexamethasone to modulate Bb-induced apoptosis in rhesus FC explants. As meloxicam is a known COX-2 inhibitor, we evaluated whether meloxicam altered the levels of COX-2 as induced by live Bb in cell lysates of primary rhesus astrocytes and microglia. Results Dexamethasone but not meloxicam significantly reduced the levels of several Bb-induced immune mediators in culture supernatants of FC explants, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Dexamethasone also had a protective effect on Bb-induced neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis in rhesus FC explants. Further, meloxicam significantly reduced the levels of Bb-induced COX-2 in microglia, while both Bb and meloxicam were unable to alter the constitutive levels of COX-2 in astrocytes. Conclusions These data indicate that dexamethasone and meloxicam have differential anti-inflammatory effects on Bb-induced inflammation in glial and neuronal cells of the CNS and help explain the in vivo findings of significantly reduced inflammatory mediators in the CSF and lack of inflammatory neurodegenerative lesions in the brain and spinal cord of Bb-infected animals that were treated with dexamethasone but not meloxicam. Signaling cascades altered by dexamethasone could serve as possible therapeutic targets for limiting CNS inflammation and tissue damage in LNB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Ramesh
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Alejandra N Martinez
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Dale S Martin
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Mario T Philipp
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen L, Liu X, Wang H, Qu M. Gastrodin Attenuates Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures by Modulating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Associated Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:264-272. [PMID: 27909971 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, the major component isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Gastrodia elata ("Tianma"), has a long history in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we found that gastrodin ameliorated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures with improvement of the electroencephalographic pattern in mice. Further studies demonstrated that gastrodin decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α while increasing interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the brain. Furthermore, gastrodin attenuated the PTZ-induced microglial activation along with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases, cAMP response element binding protein, and NF-κB. Our data suggest that gastrodin attenuates seizures by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chen
- Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Xinan Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Min Qu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang WC, Wu SJ, Tu RS, Lai YR, Liou CJ. Phloretin inhibits interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 and ICAM-1 expression through inhibition of MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB signaling in human lung epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:1960-7. [PMID: 25996641 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00149h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phloretin, a flavonoid isolated from the apple tree, is reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-adiposity effects. In this study, we evaluated the suppressive effects of phloretin on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in IL-1β-stimulated human lung epithelial A549 cells. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations of phloretin (3-100 μM), followed by induced inflammation by IL-1β. Phloretin inhibited levels of prostaglandin E2, decreased COX-2 expression, and suppressed IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and IL-6 production. It also decreased ICAM-1 gene and protein expression and suppressed monocyte adhesion to inflammatory A549 cells. Phloretin also significantly inhibited Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and decreased nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) subunit p65 protein translocation into the nucleus. In addition, ICAM-1 and COX-2 expression was suppressed by pretreatment with both MAPK inhibitors and phloretin in inflammatory A549 cells. However, phlorizin, a derivative of phloretin, did not suppress the inflammatory response in IL-1β-stimulated A549 cells. These results suggest that phloretin might have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine, COX-2, and ICAM-1 expression via blocked NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Korzeniewski SJ, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Xu Z, Kusanovic JP, Dong Z, Docheva N, Martinez-Varea A, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T, Yeo L. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term II: the intra-amniotic inflammatory response. J Perinat Med 2016; 44:5-22. [PMID: 25938217 PMCID: PMC5891100 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that clinical chorioamnionitis is a heterogeneous condition and only approximately one-half of the patients have bacteria in the amniotic cavity, which is often associated with intra-amniotic inflammation. The objective of this study is to characterize the nature of the inflammatory response within the amniotic cavity in patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term according to the presence or absence of 1) bacteria in the amniotic cavity and 2) intra-amniotic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to examine cytokine and chemokine concentrations in the amniotic fluid (AF). Cases consisted of women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term (n=45). Controls were women with uncomplicated pregnancies at term who did not have intra-amniotic inflammation and were in labor (n=24). Women with clinical chorioamnionitis were classified according to the results of AF cultures, broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and AF concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) into those: 1) without intra-amniotic inflammation, 2) with microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation, and 3) with intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable bacteria. The AF concentrations of 29 cytokines/chemokines were determined using sensitive and specific V-PLEX immunoassays. RESULTS 1) The AF concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (except Eotaxin-3) were significantly higher in women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term than in controls (term labor without intra-amniotic inflammation); 2) patients with microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation, and those with intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable bacteria, had a dramatic differential expression of cytokines and chemokines in AF compared to patients with spontaneous labor without intra-amniotic inflammation. However, no difference could be detected in the pattern of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response between patients with intra-amniotic inflammation with and without detectable bacteria; and 3) in patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term but without intra-amniotic inflammation, the behavior of cytokines and chemokines in the AF was similar to those in spontaneous labor at term. CONCLUSIONS Patients with clinical chorioamnionitis who had microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable bacteria had a dramatic upregulation of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response assessed by amniotic fluid concentrations of cytokines. A subset of patients with term clinical chorioamnionitis does not have intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, as demonstrated by elevated AF concentrations of inflammation-related proteins, when compared to women in term labor with uncomplicated pregnancies, suggesting over-diagnosis. These observations constitute the first characterization of the cytokine/chemokine network in the amniotic cavity of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven J. Korzeniewski
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juan P. Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nikolina Docheva
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Martinez-Varea
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramesh G, Meisner OC, Philipp MT. Anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation in neuronal cultures of dorsal root ganglia and myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:240. [PMID: 26700298 PMCID: PMC4690425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), could result in cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and radiculoneuritis. We hypothesized that inflammation is a key factor in LNB pathogenesis and recently evaluated the effects of dexamethasone, a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and meloxicam a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in a rhesus monkey model of acute LNB. Dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced the levels of immune mediators, and prevented inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, infected animals treated with meloxicam showed levels of inflammatory mediators, inflammatory lesions, and DRG cell apoptosis that were similar to that of the infected animals that were left untreated. Methods To address the differential anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on neuronal and myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), we evaluated the potential of these drugs to alter the levels of Bb-induced inflammatory mediators in rhesus DRG cell cultures and primary human Schwann cells (HSC), using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). We also ascertained the ability of these drugs to modulate cell death as induced by live Bb in HSC using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay and the potential of dexamethasone to modulate Bb-induced apoptosis in HSC by the TUNEL assay. Results Earlier, we reported that dexamethasone significantly reduced Bb-induced immune mediators and apoptosis in rhesus DRG cell cultures. Here, we report that dexamethasone but not meloxicam significantly reduces the levels of several cytokines and chemokines as induced by live Bb, in HSC and DRG cell cultures. Further, meloxicam does not significantly alter Bb-induced cell death in HSC, while dexamethasone protects HSC against Bb-induced cell death. Conclusions These data help further explain our in vivo findings of significantly reduced levels of inflammatory mediators, DRG-apoptosis, and lack of inflammatory neurodegenerative lesions in the nerve roots and DRG of Bb-infected animals that were treated with dexamethasone, but not meloxicam. Evaluating the role of the signaling mechanisms that contribute to the anti-inflammatory potential of dexamethasone in the context of LNB could serve to identify therapeutic targets for limiting radiculitis and axonal degeneration in peripheral LNB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Ramesh
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
| | - Olivia C Meisner
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mario T Philipp
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
von Bernhardi R, Cornejo F, Parada GE, Eugenín J. Role of TGFβ signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:426. [PMID: 26578886 PMCID: PMC4623426 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); being associated with conspicuous changes on microglia activation. Aged microglia exhibit an increased expression of cytokines, exacerbated reactivity to various stimuli, oxidative stress, and reduced phagocytosis of β-amyloid (Aβ). Whereas normal inflammation is protective, it becomes dysregulated in the presence of a persistent stimulus, or in the context of an inflammatory environment, as observed in aging. Thus, neuroinflammation can be a self-perpetuating deleterious response, becoming a source of additional injury to host cells in neurodegenerative diseases. In aged individuals, although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is upregulated, its canonical Smad3 signaling is greatly reduced and neuroinflammation persists. This age-related Smad3 impairment reduces protective activation while facilitating cytotoxic activation of microglia through several cellular mechanisms, potentiating microglia-mediated neurodegeneration. Here, we critically discuss the role of TGFβ-Smad signaling on the cytotoxic activation of microglia and its relevance in the pathogenesis of AD. Other protective functions, such as phagocytosis, although observed in aged animals, are not further induced by inflammatory stimuli and TGFβ1. Analysis in silico revealed that increased expression of receptor scavenger receptor (SR)-A, involved in Aβ uptake and cell activation, by microglia exposed to TGFβ, through a Smad3-dependent mechanism could be mediated by transcriptional co-factors Smad2/3 over the MSR1 gene. We discuss that changes of TGFβ-mediated regulation could at least partially mediate age-associated microglia changes, and, together with other changes on inflammatory response, could result in the reduction of protective activation and the potentiation of cytotoxicity of microglia, resulting in the promotion of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rommy von Bernhardi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo E Parada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wagner C, Goldmann T, Rohmann K, Rupp J, Marwitz S, Rotta detto Loria J, Limmer S, Zabel P, Dalhoff K, Dr�mann D. Budesonide Inhibits Intracellular Infection with Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae despite Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Respiratory Cells and Human Lung Tissue: A Role for p38 MAP Kinase. Respiration 2015; 90:416-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000439226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Lei K, Georgiou EX, Chen L, Yulia A, Sooranna SR, Brosens JJ, Bennett PR, Johnson MR. Progesterone and the Repression of Myometrial Inflammation: The Roles of MKP-1 and the AP-1 System. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1454-67. [PMID: 26280733 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy and its functional withdrawal is associated with increased prostaglandin synthesis and the onset of labor. In primary human myometrial cells, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) rather than the P4 receptor mediates P4 antagonism of IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. We now report that P4 also acts via GR to induce MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 and knockdown of MKP-1 impairs the ability of P4 to repress IL-1β-dependent COX-2 induction. Microarray analysis revealed that P4 repressed preferentially activator protein-1-responsive genes in response to IL-1β. Consistent with these observations, we found that the ability of P4 to reduce c-Jun activation was lost upon GR as well as MKP-1 knockdown. Interestingly, c-Jun levels in human myometrial cells declined upon GR and MKP-1 knockdown, which suggests the presence of an activator protein-1 feedback loop. This is supported by our observation that c-Jun levels declined after an initial rise in primary myometrial cells treated with phorbol 12-myrisatate 13-acetate, a potent activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Finally, we show that MKP-1 is an intermediate in P4-mediated repression of some but not all IL-1β-responsive genes. For example, P4 repression of IL11 and IRAK3 was maintained upon MKP-1 knockdown. Taken together, the data show that P4 acts via GR to drive MKP-1 expression, which in turn inhibits IL-1β-dependent c-Jun activation and COX-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Lei
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - E X Georgiou
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - L Chen
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A Yulia
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S R Sooranna
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J J Brosens
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P R Bennett
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M R Johnson
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group (K.L., E.X.G., L.C., A.Y., S.R.S., M.R.J.), Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (KL.,. E.X.G., A.Y., S.R.S., P.R.B., M.R.J.), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Obstetrics Department (L.C.), First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; and Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramesh G, Didier PJ, England JD, Santana-Gould L, Doyle-Meyers LA, Martin DS, Jacobs MB, Philipp MT. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:1344-60. [PMID: 25892509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, affects both peripheral and central nervous systems. We assessed a causal role for inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis by evaluating the induced inflammatory changes in the central nervous system, spinal nerves, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rhesus macaques that were inoculated intrathecally with live B. burgdorferi and either treated with dexamethasone or meloxicam (anti-inflammatory drugs) or left untreated. ELISA of cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, chemokine ligand 2, and CXCL13 and pleocytosis in all infected animals, except dexamethasone-treated animals. Cerebrospinal fluid and central nervous system tissues of infected animals were culture positive for B. burgdorferi regardless of treatment. B. burgdorferi antigen was detected in the DRG and dorsal roots by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Histopathology revealed leptomeningitis, vasculitis, and focal inflammation in the central nervous system; necrotizing focal myelitis in the cervical spinal cord; radiculitis; neuritis and demyelination in the spinal roots; and inflammation with neurodegeneration in the DRG that was concomitant with significant neuronal and satellite glial cell apoptosis. These changes were absent in the dexamethasone-treated animals. Electromyography revealed persistent abnormalities in F-wave chronodispersion in nerve roots of a few infected animals; which were absent in dexamethasone-treated animals. These results suggest that inflammation has a causal role in the pathogenesis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Ramesh
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Peter J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - John D England
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lenay Santana-Gould
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lara A Doyle-Meyers
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Dale S Martin
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mary B Jacobs
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mario T Philipp
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hallstrand TS, Hackett TL, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:1-15. [PMID: 24503171 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic, structural and functional studies have identified the airway and lung epithelium as a key orchestrator of the immune response. Further, there is now strong evidence that epithelium dysfunction is involved in the development of inflammatory disorders of the lung. Here we review the characteristic immune responses that are orchestrated by the epithelium in response to diverse triggers such as pollutants, cigarette smoke, bacterial peptides, and viruses. We focus in part on the role of epithelium-derived interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), as well as CC family chemokines as critical regulators of the immune response. We cite examples of the function of the epithelium in host defense and the role of epithelium dysfunction in the development of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Despite being the most effective anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) effect repression of inflammatory gene expression remain incompletely understood. Direct interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) with inflammatory transcription factors to repress transcriptional activity, i.e. transrepression, represents one mechanism of action. However, transcriptional activation, or transactivation, by NR3C1 also represents an important mechanism of glucocorticoid action. Glucocorticoids rapidly and profoundly increase expression of multiple genes, many with properties consistent with the repression of inflammatory gene expression. For example: the dual specificity phosphatase, DUSP1, reduces activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases; glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (TSC22D3) represses nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcriptional responses; inhibitor of κBα (NFKBIA) inhibits NF-κB; tristraprolin (ZFP36) destabilises and translationally represses inflammatory mRNAs; CDKN1C, a cell cycle regulator, may attenuate JUN N-terminal kinase signalling; and regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2), by reducing signalling from Gαq-linked G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is bronchoprotective. While glucocorticoid-dependent transrepression can co-exist with transactivation, transactivation may account for the greatest level and most potent repression of inflammatory genes. Equally, NR3C1 transactivation is enhanced by β2-adrenoceptor agonists and may explain the enhanced clinical efficacy of β2-adrenoceptor/glucocorticoid combination therapies in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Finally, NR3C1 transactivation is reduced by inflammatory stimuli, including respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus. This provides an explanation for glucocorticoid resistance. Continuing efforts to understand roles for glucocorticoid-dependent transactivation will provide opportunities to improve glucocorticoid therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim YJ, Shin HS, Lee JH, Jung YW, Kim HB, Ha UH. Pneumolysin-mediated expression of β-defensin 2 is coordinated by p38 MAP kinase-MKP1 in human airway cells. J Microbiol 2013; 51:194-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
Sul GD, Park HJ, Bae JH, Hong KD, Park BD, Chun J, Jeong SK, Lee SH, Ahn SK, Kim HJ. Preventive effects of multi-lamellar emulsion on low potency topical steroid induced local adverse effect. Ann Dermatol 2013; 25:5-11. [PMID: 23467730 PMCID: PMC3582928 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2013.25.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topical steroid treatment induces diverse local Wand systemic adverse effects. Several approaches have been tried to reduce the steroid-induced adverse effects. Simultaneous application of physiological lipid mixture is also suggested. Objective Novel vehicles for topical glucocorticoids formulation were evaluated for the efficacy of reducing side-effects and the drug delivery properties of desonide, a low potency topical steroid. Methods Transcutaneous permeation and skin residual amount of desonide were measured using Franz diffusion cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using murine model. Results Topical steroids formulation containing desonide, in either cream or lotion form, were prepared using multi-lamellar emulsion (MLE), and conventional desonide formulations were employed for comparison. MLE formulations did not affect the anti-inflammatory activity of the desonide in phobol ester-induced skin inflammation model, compared with conventional formulations. While the penetrated amounts of desonide were similar for all the tested formulations at 24 hours after application, the increased lag time was observed for the MLE formulations. Interestingly, residual amount of desonide in epidermis was significantly higher in lotion type MLE formulation. Steroid-induced adverse effects, including permeability barrier function impairment, were partially prevented by MLE formulation. Conclusion Topical desonide formulation using MLE as a vehicle showed a better drug delivery with increased epidermal retention. MLE also partially prevented the steroid-induced side effects, such as skin barrier impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Dong Sul
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kjellerup R, Johansen C, Kragballe K, Iversen L. The expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 mRNA is downregulated in lesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:339-45. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
27
|
Herrera-Molina R, Flores B, Orellana JA, von Bernhardi R. Modulation of interferon-γ-induced glial cell activation by transforming growth factor β1: a role for STAT1 and MAPK pathways. J Neurochem 2012; 123:113-23. [PMID: 22823229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overactivated glial cells can produce neurotoxic oxidant molecules such as nitric oxide (NO·) and superoxide anion (O(2)·(-)). We have previously reported that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) released by hippocampal cells modulates interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced production of O(2)·(-) and NO· by glial cells. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, thereby, the aim of this work was to study the effect of TGFβ1 on IFNγ-induced signaling pathways. We found that costimulation with TGFβ1 decreased IFNγ-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2)·(-) and NO· production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Moreover, IFNγ caused a decrease in TGFβ1-mediated phosphorylation of P38, whereas pre-treatment with ERK and P38 inhibitors decreased IFNγ-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 on serine727 and production of radical species. These results suggested that modulation of glial activation by TGFβ1 is mediated by deactivation of MAPKs. Notably, TGFβ1 increased the levels of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), whose participation in TGFβ1-mediated modulation was confirmed by MKP-1 siRNA transfection in mixed and purified glial cultures. Our results indicate that the cross-talk between IFNγ and TGFβ1 might regulate the activation of glial cells and that TGFβ1 modulated IFNγ-induced production of neurotoxic oxidant molecules through STAT1, ERK, and P38 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Departamento de Neurología, Laboratorio de Neurosciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Narumoto O, Matsuo Y, Sakaguchi M, Shoji S, Yamashita N, Schubert D, Abe K, Horiguchi K, Nagase T, Yamashita N. Suppressive effects of a pyrazole derivative of curcumin on airway inflammation and remodeling. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:18-25. [PMID: 22542791 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To advance the control of airway epithelial cell function and asthma, we investigated the effects of a new curcumin derivative, CNB001, which possesses improved pharmacological properties. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with synthetic double-stranded RNA, Poly(I:C). CNB001 significantly suppressed IL-6, TNF-α, and GM-CSF production by NHBE cells, and did so more effectively than did curcumin or dexamethasone (DEX). CNB001 significantly inhibited the decrease of E-cadherin mRNA expression and increase of vimentin mRNA expression observed in NHBE cells induced by a combination of TGF-β1 and TNF-α, which are markers of airway remodeling. In NHBE cells stimulated by TGF-β1, CNB001 significantly downregulated the level of active serine peptidase inhibitor clade E member (SERPINE) 1, which is also reported to be related to airway remodeling. Whereas DEX alone significantly increased the active SERPINE1 level, the combination of DEX and CNB001 significantly suppressed active SERPINE1. In addition, CNB001 significantly suppressed neutrophil infiltration, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-13 and active SERPINE1 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the murine asthma model, which was not observed in the case of DEX. In conclusion, the curcumin derivative, CNB001, is a promising candidate to treat asthma associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Narumoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun Y, Li C, Shu Y, Ju X, Zou Z, Wang H, Rao S, Guo F, Liu H, Nan W, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Tang J, Zhao C, Yang P, Liu K, Wang S, Lu H, Li X, Tan L, Gao R, Song J, Gao X, Tian X, Qin Y, Xu KF, Li D, Jin N, Jiang C. Inhibition of autophagy ameliorates acute lung injury caused by avian influenza A H5N1 infection. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra16. [PMID: 22355189 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The threat of a new influenza pandemic has existed since 1997, when the highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of avian influenza A virus infected humans in Hong Kong and spread across Asia, where it continued to infect poultry and people. The human mortality rate of H5N1 infection is about 60%, whereas that of seasonal H1N1 infection is less than 0.1%. The high mortality rate associated with H5N1 infection is predominantly a result of respiratory failure caused by acute lung injury; however, how viral infection contributes to this disease pathology is unclear. Here, we used electron microscopy to show the accumulation of autophagosomes in H5N1-infected lungs from a human cadaver and mice, as well as in infected A549 human epithelial lung cells. We also showed that H5N1, but not seasonal H1N1, induced autophagic cell death in alveolar epithelial cells through a pathway involving the kinase Akt, the tumor suppressor protein TSC2, and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Additionally, we suggest that the hemagglutinin protein of H5N1 may be responsible for stimulating autophagy. When applied prophylactically, reagents that blocked virus-induced autophagic signaling substantially increased the survival rate of mice and substantially ameliorated the acute lung injury and mortality caused by H5N1 infection. We conclude that the autophagic cell death of alveolar epithelial cells likely plays a crucial role in the high mortality rate of H5N1 infection, and we suggest that autophagy-blocking agents might be useful as prophylactics and therapeutics against infection of humans by the H5N1 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jensen JM, Ahrens K, Meingassner J, Scherer A, Bräutigam M, Stütz A, Schwarz T, Fölster-Holst R, Harder J, Gläser R, Proksch E. Differential suppression of epidermal antimicrobial protein expression in atopic dermatitis and in EFAD mice by pimecrolimus compared to corticosteroids. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:783-8. [PMID: 21707760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the increased rate of bacterial infection in atopic dermatitis (AD) may be caused by reduced antimicrobial protein (AMP) expression. We were interested whether common treatments in AD affect antimicrobial defense. We investigated the effects of topically applied corticosteroids betamethasone valerate (BV) and triamacinolone acetonide (TA) and those of the calcineurin inhibitor pimecrolimus for 3 weeks on AMP expression in AD. BV and TA treatment in AD led to a significant reduction in AMP expression; protein expression of human beta-defensins (hBD)-2 and hBD-3, psoriasin, RNase 7 and cathelicidin LL-37 was below the level in skin of healthy controls. After pimecrolimus treatment, AMP expression was also reduced but less compared to BV and TA; the expression levels of hBD-2, psoriasin and RNase 7 still remained above the control levels. In essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) mice, a model of chronic skin barrier disease with inflammation, expression of the mouse beta-defensins mBD-1, mBD-3 and mBD-14 (orthologues for hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-3, respectively), was reduced by both treatments, again more pronounced by BV compared to pimecrolimus. In summary, we found that treatment for AD with corticosteroids in human skin and EFAD mice caused a strong reduction in AMPs; reduction was less with pimecrolimus. This result may explain the clinical observation that prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroids sometimes leads to bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng LX, Wu GX, Cao Y, Fan B, Gao X, Tang XH, Huang N. The Chromosomal Protein HMGN2 Mediates the LPS-Induced Expression of β-Defensins in Mice. Inflammation 2011; 35:456-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Deng LX, Wu GX, Cao Y, Fan B, Gao X, Luo L, Huang N. The chromosomal protein HMGN2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of β-defensins in A549 cells. FEBS J 2011; 278:2152-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
33
|
Song WB, Wang YY, Meng FS, Zhang QH, Zeng JY, Xiao LP, Yu XP, Peng DD, Su L, Xiao B, Zhang ZS. Curcumin protects intestinal mucosal barrier function of rat enteritis via activation of MKP-1 and attenuation of p38 and NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12969. [PMID: 20885979 PMCID: PMC2945766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal mucosa barrier (IMB) dysfunction results in many notorious diseases for which there are currently few effective treatments. We studied curcumin's protective effect on IMB and examined its mechanism by using methotrexate (MTX) induced rat enteritis model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated cell death model. Methodology/Principal Findings Curcumin was intragastrically administrated from the first day, models were made for 7 days. Cells were treated with curcumin for 30 min before exposure to LPS. Rat intestinal mucosa was collected for evaluation of pathological changes. We detected the activities of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) according to previous research and measured the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by colorimetric method. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were determined by RT-PCR and IL-10 production was determined by ELISA. We found Curcumin decreased the levels of D-lactate, DAO, MPO, ICAM-1, IL-1β and TNF-α, but increased the levels of IL-10 and SOD in rat models. We further confirmed mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) was activated but phospho-p38 was inhibited by curcumin by western blot assay. Finally, NF-κB translocation was monitored by immunofluorescent staining. We showed that curcumin repressed I-κB and interfered with the translocation of NF-κB into nucleus. Conclusions/Significance The effect of curcumin is mediated by the MKP-1-dependent inactivation of p38 and inhibition of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Curcumin, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities may be used as an effective reagent for protecting intestinal mucosa barrier and other related intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Song
- Department of Gerontology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim YS, Min KS, Lee SI, Shin SJ, Shin KS, Kim EC. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression and regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2010; 36:64-9. [PMID: 20003937 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the expression of human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in odontoblasts from human dental pulp (HDP) has been reported, the production of hBD-2 and its regulation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokines on the induction of hBD-2 and its signaling mechanisms in HDP cells. METHODS After stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of these cytokines on the production of hBD-2. RESULTS TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha synergistically increased hBD-2 messenger RNA levels, protein expression, and activity. The up-regulation of hBD-2 by cytokines was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of PKC, JNK, p38, ERK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION These results suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha up-regulate HBD-2 expression in HDP cells through the PKC, JNK MAPK, p38, ERK, NF-kappaB, and AMPK pathways. Thus, the induction of hBD-2 by proinflammatory cytokines might up-regulate the pulpal host immune defense system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lasa M, Gil-Araujo B, Palafox M, Aranda A. Thyroid hormone antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling in pituitary cells through the induction of dual specificity phosphatase 1. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 24:412-22. [PMID: 20032197 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary function has been shown to be regulated by an increasing number of factors, including cytokines and hormones, such as TNFalpha and T(3). Both the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha and T(3) have been suggested to be involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the anterior pituitary gland. In this report we show that T(3) negatively interferes with MAPK p38 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha in GH4C1 cells. Our data demonstrate that MAPK p38 is specifically activated upon exposure to TNFalpha and that T(3) abolishes this activation in a time-dependent manner by a mechanism that involves the induction of the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1. Our data show that the pool of up-regulated DUSP1 by T(3) is mainly localized to the cytosol, and that TNFalpha does not affect this localization. On the other hand, we show that T(3) impairs the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway induced by TNFalpha, producing a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, translocation of p65/NF-kappaB to the nucleus, and p65/NF-kappaB transactivation potential. Interestingly, the overexpression of DUSP1 inhibits the NF-kappaB activation achieved by either TNFalpha or ectopic expression of the upstream inducer of MAPK p38. Conversely, DUSP1 depletion abrogates the inhibitory effect of T(3) on the induction of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by TNFalpha. Overall, our results indicate that T(3) antagonizes TNFalpha signaling in rat pituitary tumor cells through the induction of DUSP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chang SW, Chou SF, Yu SY. Dexamethasone reduces mitomycin C-related inflammatory cytokine expression without inducing further cell death in corneal fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 18:59-69. [PMID: 20002897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on mitomycin C (MMC)-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in corneal fibroblasts. Primary human corneal fibroblasts were treated with MMC, dexamethasone, or in combination. Morphological changes and cell growth were documented using phase-contrast microscopy and PicoGreen assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V/propidium iodide staining, whereas viability was tested by the live/dead assay and analyzed by flow cytometry. The relative expression of interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was investigated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression were documented by Western blot analysis. We found that MMC induced corneal fibroblast elongation, apoptosis, and retarded cell growth, whereas DEX did not significantly alter cell morphology or viability. The combination of DEX and MMC did not induce additional apoptosis and cell death. DEX dose dependently down-regulated basal and MMC-induced interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion. DEX attenuated MMC-induced p38 and Jun N-terminal kinases activation and up-regulated expression. These suggested that DEX may inhibit MMC-induced interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by up-regulating MKP-1 expression, which subsequently deactivated p38 and Jun N-terminal kinases activation. Combined MMC and DEX treatment may facilitate corneal wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban-Chiao, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multi-functional peptides whose fundamental biological role in vivo has been proposed to be the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Genes encoding these peptides are expressed in a variety of cells in the host, including circulating phagocytic cells and mucosal epithelial cells, demonstrating a wide range of utility in the innate immune system. Expression of these genes is tightly regulated; they are induced by pathogens and cytokines as part of the host defense response, and they can be suppressed by bacterial virulence factors and environmental factors which can lead to increased susceptibility to infection. New research has also cast light on alternative functionalities, including immunomodulatory activities, which are related to their unique structural characteristics. These peptides represent not only an important component of innate host defense against microbial colonization and a link between innate and adaptive immunity, but also form a foundation for the development of new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tchen CR, Martins JRS, Paktiawal N, Perelli R, Saklatvala J, Clark AR. Glucocorticoid regulation of mouse and human dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) genes: unusual cis-acting elements and unexpected evolutionary divergence. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2642-52. [PMID: 19940143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are partly mediated by up-regulation of DUSP1 (dual specificity phosphatase 1), which dephosphorylates and inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinases. We identified putative GC-responsive regions containing GC receptor (GR) binding site consensus sequences that are well conserved between human and mouse DUSP1 loci in position, orientation, and sequence (at least 11 of 15 positions identical) and lie within regions of extended sequence conservation (minimum 65% identity over at least 100 bp). These were located approximately 29, 28, 24, 4.6, and 1.3 kb upstream of the DUSP1 transcription start site. The homology-based approach successfully identified four cis-acting regions that mediated transcriptional responses to dexamethasone. However, there was surprising interspecies divergence in site usage. This could not be explained by variations of the GR binding sites themselves. Instead, variations in flanking sequences appear to have driven the evolutionary divergence in mechanisms of regulation of mouse and human DUSP1 genes. There was a good correlation between the ability of cis-acting elements to respond to GC in transiently transfected reporter constructs and their ability to recruit GR in the context of intact chromatin. We propose that divergence of gene regulation has involved the loss or gain of binding sites for accessory transcription factors that assist in GR recruitment. Finally, a novel GC-responsive region of the human DUSP1 gene contains a highly unusual element, in which three closely spaced GR half-sites are required for potent transcriptional activation by GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R Tchen
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dhaliwal W, Kelly P, Bajaj-Elliott M. Differential effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-mediated immune activation on intestinal defensins. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:263-70. [PMID: 19386083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the small intestine members of both the alpha-defensin (DEFA5 and DEFA6) and beta-defensin (DEFB1 and DEFB2) family contribute to the anti-microbial barrier against infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-mediated immune activation and proinflammatory cytokines play a role in the regulation of intestinal defensin expression. Defensin mRNA and peptide secretion was studied after ex vivo tissue culture of duodenal biopsies over 24 h. Immune (T cell and macrophage) activation was induced by SEB, and in separate experiments exogenous proinflammatory cytokines were added individually. Defensin mRNA levels were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and peptide release into culture supernatants was quantified by immuno dot blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increasing concentrations of SEB down-regulated DEFA5, DEFA6 and DEFB1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner but increased DEFB2 simultaneously. The down-regulation of alpha-defensins was reversed by dexamethasone. DEFA5 and DEFB2 peptide secretion levels were altered in parallel with mRNA. Interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-1beta exhibited a dose-dependent down-regulation of alpha-defensin mRNA, IL-6 significantly down-regulated only DEFA6; in contrast, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-4 had no significant effect. Immune cell activation and proinflammatory cytokines down-regulated the constitutively expressed DEFA5, DEFA6 and DEFB1 defensins, and up-regulated DEFB2 in intact human intestinal tissue explants in short-term culture. The effect of local immune activation on innate defence may explain the reduced alpha-defensin expression noted in inflammatory T cell-mediated enteropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Dhaliwal
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim SM, Park JG, Baek WK, Suh MH, Lee H, Yoo SK, Jung KH, Suh SI, Jang BC. Cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 expression via the glutathione depletion-mediated p38 MAPK activation in C6 glioma cells. Neurosci Lett 2008; 440:289-93. [PMID: 18573614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal and an environmental pollutant. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a negative regulator of the family of MAPK. In this study, we investigated the effect of heavy metals on MKP-1 expression in C6 rat glioma cells. Cadmium treatment induced MKP-1 at both protein and mRNA levels while cobalt or manganese treatment did not, suggesting the specificity. Cadmium treatment also depleted intracellular GSH and activated p38 MAPK, JNKs, and AKT. Profoundly, pretreatment with thiol-containing compounds NAC or GSH, but not vitamin E, blocked GSH depletion, 38 MAPK activation and MKP-1 expression by cadmium. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 suppressed the cadmium-induced MKP-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 by transcriptional up-regulation in C6 cells in a mechanism associated with the glutathione depletion-dependent p38 MAPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Kim
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|