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Kopach O, Pivneva T, Fedirko N, Voitenko N. Mitochondrial malfunction mediates impaired cholinergic Ca 2+ signalling and submandibular salivary gland dysfunction in diabetes. Neuropharmacology 2024; 243:109789. [PMID: 37972885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Xerostomia (dry-mouth syndrome) is a painful and debilitating condition that frequently occurs in individuals with diabetes and is associated with impaired saliva production and salivary gland hypofunction. Saliva fluid production relies on Ca2+-coupled secretion driven by neurotransmitter stimulation of submandibular acinar cells. Although impairments in intracellular Ca2+ signalling have been reported in various xerostomia models, the specific Ca2+-dependent mechanisms underlying saliva fluid hypofunction in diabetes remain unclear. In this study, we show that diabetic animals exhibit severe xerostomia, evident by reduced saliva flow rate, diminished total protein content, and decreased amylase activity in the saliva secreted by submandibular glands. These impairments remained resistant to exogenous cholinergic stimulation. In submandibular acinar cells, the intracellular Ca2+ signals evoked by cholinergic stimulation were reduced and delayed in diabetes, caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Upon initiation of cholinergic-evoked Ca2+ signals, mitochondria accumulate higher Ca2+ and fail to redistribute Ca2+ influx and facilitate the store-operated Ca2+ entry effectively. Structural damage to mitochondria was evident in the acinar cells in diabetes. These findings provide insights into the potential targeting of malfunctioning mitochondria for the treatment of diabetic xerostomia as an alternative strategy to the existing pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ukrainian Neuroscience".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Tetyana Pivneva
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nana Voitenko
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dobrobut Academy Medical School, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Mirnic J, Djuric M, Veljovic T, Gusic I, Katanic J, Vukoje K, Ramic B, Tadic A, Brkic S. Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation in the Saliva of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123147. [PMID: 36551903 PMCID: PMC9775685 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, it may serve as a link between these conditions. Therefore, as a part of the present study, salivary lipid peroxidation (LP) in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) was evaluated, along with the periodontal therapy effectiveness. The study sample comprised of 71 DM2 patients with periodontitis and 31 systemically healthy controls suffering from periodontitis of comparable severity. In all participants, periodontal indices—plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)—were recorded, and salivary LP was measured using a spectrophotometric method prior to treatment initiation and three months post-treatment. At baseline, mean salivary LP in DM2 patients was higher than that measured for the control group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05), whereas a positive significant correlation was found between PPD and LP in both groups. Three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, clinical periodontal parameters and salivary LP levels were significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the improvement in clinical periodontal status following nonsurgical periodontal therapy is accompanied by a significant decrease in salivary LP in DM2 patients, suggesting that periodontitis, rather than diabetes, is the primary driver of the elevated salivary LP in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mirnic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-063-519-256
| | - Milanko Djuric
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tanja Veljovic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Gusic
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Katanic
- Children and Youth Health Care Institute of Vojvodina, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Karolina Vukoje
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Ramic
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tadic
- Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snezana Brkic
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mirnic J, Djuric M, Gusic I, Veljovic T, Cakic S, Katanic J, Vukoje K, Ramic B, Brkic S. Effects of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine Levels and Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36140370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases that are potentially interrelated, as well as associated with oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on salivary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and glycemic control in patients suffering from both diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and periodontitis. The study sample included 53 DM2 patients, while 31 systemically healthy patients served as controls. Participants in both groups suffered from periodontitis of comparable severity. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, along with salivary 8-OHdG levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Levels of 8-OHdG were analyzed by ELISA. All aforementioned parameters were evaluated prior to commencing the study and at 90-day follow-up upon nonsurgical periodontal therapy completion. At baseline, salivary levels of 8-OHdG in DM2 patients were significantly higher (1.17 ng/mL) than those measured for the control group (0.75 ng/mL) and showed significant positive correlation with GI and PPD (p < 0.05). Three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, the salivary 8-OHdG levels were significantly reduced in DM2 patients (p < 0.05). Analysis results also revealed statistically significant changes in all measured clinical parameters between baseline and three-month follow-up in both groups (p < 0.05). Upon treatment completion, a decline in the HbA1c level was noted in DM group, but it did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that DM2 patients benefit from non-surgical periodontal therapy, as indicated by a marked reduction in their salivary 8-OHdG level and a modest improvement in glycemic control. Short-term clinical benefits noted in the DM group were similar to those observed in the non-diabetic periodontal patients.
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Muraoka MY, Justino AB, Caixeta DC, Queiroz JS, Sabino-Silva R, Salmen Espindola F. Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262369. [PMID: 35061788 PMCID: PMC8782344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results were obtained by fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy (total attenuated reflection-Fourier transform, ATR-FTIR) followed by multivariate analysis of principal components (PCA), protein profile, immunodetection, enzymatic activity and oxidative damage to proteins. Fluorescence increased in all glycated samples, except in saliva with fructose. The ATR-FTIR spectra and PCA analysis showed structural changes related to the vibrational mode of glycation of albumin, lysozyme, and salivary proteins. Glycation increased the relative molecular mass (Mr) in protein profile of albumin and lysozyme. Saliva showed a decrease in band intensity when glycated. The analysis of sAA immunoblotting indicated a relative reduction in intensity of its correspondent Mr after sAA glycation; and a decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Carbonylation levels increased in all glycated samples, except for saliva with fructose. Thiol content decreased only for glycated lysozyme and saliva with MGO. Therefore, glycation of salivary fluid and sAA may have the potential to identify products derived by glycation process. This opens perspectives for further studies on the use of saliva, an easy and non-invasive collection fluid, to monitor glycated proteins in the aging process and evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yumiko Muraoka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Davidovich E, Hevroni A, Gadassi LT, Spierer-Weil A, Yitschaky O, Polak D. Dental, oral pH, orthodontic and salivary values in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2503-2511. [PMID: 34677695 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mouth breathing is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study evaluated dental, salivary and orthodontic characteristics of children with OSA, and compared them to those of children without OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two children (mean age 5.3 years, 13 males) with OSA and 21 children without OSA who served as a control group (mean age 6.8 years, 11 males) underwent dental examinations. The OSA group was classified according to the apnea-hypopnea Index. Clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, caries status, pH at 7 oral sites, salivary carries bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine levels. Orthodontics measurements were calculated as the percentage of children with values in the normal range, in each group. RESULTS The mean values of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT)/dmft index, the gingival index and the plaque index were higher in the OSA than the control group. Salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the OSA than the control group; as were pH values in the hard and soft palate, and in the posterior and middle tongue. Significantly lower values were observed in the OSA than the control group for most of the orthodontic variables examined. Similarly, stratification of AHI according to severity shows the lowest values among those with mild OSA, and the highest among those with severe AHI. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a control group, mouth breathing children with obstructive sleep apnea had differences in oral microbiota, greater acidity and poorer dental status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should be aware of the various oral disturbances that may accompany OSA, and implement preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - A Hevroni
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Tzur Gadassi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Spierer-Weil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Yitschaky
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zalewska A, Szarmach I, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Maciejczyk M. The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Respiratory Enzymes, ADP/ATP Ratio, Glutathione Metabolism, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Gland Mitochondria of Insulin Resistant Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020458. [PMID: 32059375 PMCID: PMC7071150 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the mitochondrial respiratory system, as well as free radical production, glutathione metabolism, nitrosative stress, and apoptosis in the salivary gland mitochondria of rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR). The study was conducted on male Wistar rats divided into four groups of 10 animals each: C (control, rats fed a standard diet containing 10.3% fat), C + NAC (rats fed a standard diet, receiving NAC intragastrically), HFD (rats fed a high-fat diet containing 59.8% fat), and HFD + NAC (rats fed HFD diet, receiving NAC intragastrically). We confirmed that 8 weeks of HFD induces systemic IR as well as disturbances in mitochondrial complexes of the parotid and submandibular glands of rats. NAC supplementation leads to a significant increase in the activity of complex I, II + III and cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and also reduces the ADP/ATP ratio compared to HFD rats. Furthermore, NAC reduces the hydrogen peroxide production/activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, increases the pool of mitochondrial glutathione, and prevents cytokine formation, apoptosis, and nitrosative damage to the mitochondria in both aforementioned salivary glands of HFD rats. To sum up, NAC supplementation enhances energy metabolism in the salivary glands of IR rats, and prevents inflammation, apoptosis, and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Izabela Szarmach
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.)
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Abstract
Redox (portmanteau of reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species in biological processes fundamental to life. It is of outmost importance that cells maintain a healthy redox state by balancing the action of oxidants and antioxidants; failure to do so leads to a multitude of diseases including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. From the perspective of precision medicine, it is therefore beneficial to interrogate the redox phenotype of the individual-similar to the use of genomic sequencing-in order to design tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an overview of redox metabolism and focuses on how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to advance our knowledge in redox biology and precision medicine.
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Abstract
Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
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Żukowski P, Maciejczyk M, Waszkiel D. Sources of free radicals and oxidative stress in the oral cavity. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:8-17. [PMID: 29729478 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An oral cavity is a place especially susceptible to oxidative damage. It is subjected to many environmental pro-oxidative factors or factors that have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this article is to present the main sources of ROS and oxidative stress in the oral environment. DESIGN A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS One of the most important ROS sources in the oral cavity is periodontal inflammation. Other sources of ROS include: xenobiotics (ethanol, cigarette smoke, drugs), food (high-fat diet, high-protein diet, acrolein), dental treatment (ozone, ultrasound, non-thermal plasma, laser light, ultraviolet light), and dental materials (fluorides, dental composites, fixed orthodontic appliances, and titanium fixations). It has been shown that excessive production of ROS in the oral cavity may cause oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cellular DNA, lipids, and proteins, thus predisposing to many oral and systemic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of the exogenous sources of ROS and limitation of exposure to the ROS generating factors can be one of the prophylactic measures preventing oral and systemic diseases. It is suggested that antioxidant supplementation may be helpful in people exposed to excessive production of ROS in the oral cavity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Żukowski
- Department of Hospital Dentistry, Croydon University Hospital, England, 530 London Road Croydon, Surrey CR7 7YE, United Kingdom.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Danuta Waszkiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
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Żukowski P, Maciejczyk M, Matczuk J, Kurek K, Waszkiel D, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:6581970. [PMID: 29636851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6581970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance (IR). It is not surprising that new substances are constantly being sought that will protect against the harmful effects of IR in the oral cavity environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and secretory function of salivary glands in a rat model of insulin resistance. Rats were divided into 4 groups: C-normal diet, C + NAC-normal diet + NAC, HFD-high-fat diet, and HFD + NAC. We have demonstrated that NAC elevated enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS)) in the parotid glands of HFD + NAC rats, while in the submandibular glands increased only GSH and TAS levels. NAC protects against oxidative damage only in the parotid glands and increased stimulated salivary secretion; however, it does not increase the protein secretion in the both salivary glands. Summarizing, NAC supplementation prevents the decrease of stimulated saliva secretion, seen in the HFD rats affected. NAC improves the antioxidative capacity of the both glands and protects against oxidative damage to the parotid glands of IR rats.
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Ittichaicharoen J, Apaijai N, Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor enhances restoration of salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:148-153. [PMID: 29073562 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic high-fat diet consumption causes not only obese- insulin resistance, but also leads to pathological changes in salivary glands, including increased mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) is an oral anti-diabetic drug, using for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Vildagliptin has been shown to exert beneficial effects on several organs in cases of obese-insulin resistant condition. However, the effect of vildagliptin on salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance has not been investigated. The hypothesis in this study is that vildagliptin confers beneficial effects on the salivary gland impaired by obese-insulin resistance via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. DESIGN Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Each group was fed with either a normal (ND; n=8) or a high fat diet (HFD; n=16) for 16 weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into 2 subgroups to receive either a vehicle or vildagliptin (3mg/kg/day) for 28days via gavage feeding. ND-fed rats were treated with the vehicle. At the end of treatment, metabolic parameters were examined, and rats were killed. Submandibular glands were removed to appraise inflammatory markers, apoptosis and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance with an increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the salivary glands. Vildagliptin therapy reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in salivary gland of HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin prevented salivary gland injury occurring due to obese-insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Muthuraj MSA, Janakiram S, Chithresan K, Maradi AP, Maddur PK, Rangaraju R. Effect of scaling and root planing on levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients with and without Type II diabetes mellitus. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017; 21:201-206. [PMID: 29440786 PMCID: PMC5803875 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_184_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Chronic periodontitis (CP) and diabetes mellitus are associated with increased oxidative damage to DNA with formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of 8-OHdG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 3 months after scaling and root planing (SRP), in CP patients with and without Type II diabetes mellitus. Settings and Design: Sixteen patients with CP, 16 patients with CP and Type II diabetes mellitus (CP-D), and 16 systemically healthy individuals with clinically healthy periodontium who served as controls were included in the study. Materials and Methods: The clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP%]), HbA1c levels, and GCF 8-OHdG levels were measured at baseline. All the patients except controls were treated with SRP followed by evaluation of the above-mentioned clinical and biochemical parameters after 3 months. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: After SRP, CP-D group showed a greater reduction in PI, PD, BOP%, and greater gain in CAL when compared to CP patients (P < 0.05). Levels of 8-OHdG and HbA1c in CP-D patients also showed a greater reduction, 3 months after SRP when compared to CP patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions: GCF 8-OHdG levels, HbA1c levels, and clinical parameters were reduced significantly in CP and CP-D patients, with maximum reduction achieved in CP-D patients 3 months after SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srihari Janakiram
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Koshy Chithresan
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Parappa Maradi
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Krishna Maddur
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Rangaraju
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dal S, Sigrist S. The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications. Diseases 2016; 4:diseases4030024. [PMID: 28933404 PMCID: PMC5456287 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
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14
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Detection of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and urine: Potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:783-99. [PMID: 27013544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216638770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of inflammatory cells to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. This inflammation has been linked to several chronic diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Major biomarkers of inflammation include tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipooxygenase, and C-reactive protein, all of which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Although examining inflammatory biomarkers in blood is a standard practice, its identification in saliva and/or urine is more convenient and non-invasive. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the detection of these inflammatory biomarkers in urine and saliva; (2) advantages of using salivary and urinary inflammatory biomarkers over blood, while also weighing on the challenges and/or limitations of their use; (3) examine their role(s) in connection with diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and drug development for several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences, including cancer; and (4) explore the use of innovative salivary and urine based biosensor strategies that may permit the testing of biomarkers quickly, reliably, and cost-effectively, in a decentralized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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15
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Wang J, Schipper HM, Velly AM, Mohit S, Gornitsky M. Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress: A critical review. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:95-104. [PMID: 25889823 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human saliva is an increasingly attractive medium for biomarker discovery due to its amenability to noninvasive and repeated sampling, ease of collection and processing, and suitability for single analyte or metabolomic measurements. Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress reflect local and systemic pathologies and may inform on the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responsiveness of numerous human diseases. However, for many of the disorders investigated, data reporting on alterations in salivary redox homeostasis are often highly conflicted across studies. We surveyed the available biomedical literature on this topic and noted significant discrepancies in the study designs, target populations, and operating procedures which likely contribute to the discordant data sets reported. Based on these observations, guidelines are provided to minimize interlaboratory variability in redox biomarker discovery based on human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, A-024, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Velly
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, A-024, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1
| | - Shrisha Mohit
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, A-024, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornitsky
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, A-024, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1.
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16
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu H, Che Y, Xu Y, E L. Age-related variations of protein carbonyls in human saliva and plasma: is saliva protein carbonyls an alternative biomarker of aging? Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:9781. [PMID: 25943699 PMCID: PMC4420756 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Free radical hypothesis which is one of the most acknowledged aging theories was developed into oxidative stress hypothesis. Protein carbonylation is by far one of the most widely used markers of protein oxidation. We studied the role of age and gender in protein carbonyl content of saliva and plasma among 273 Chinese healthy subjects (137 females and 136 males aged between 20 and 79) and discussed the correlation between protein carbonyl content of saliva and plasma. Protein carbonyl content of saliva and plasma were, respectively, 2.391 ± 0.639 and 0.838 ± 0.274 nmol/mg. Variations of saliva and plasma different age groups all reached significant differences in both male and female (all p < 0.05) while both saliva and plasma protein carbonyls were found to be significantly correlated with age (r = 0.6582 and r = 0.5176, all p < 0.001). Gender was discovered to be unrelated to saliva and plasma protein carbonyl levels (all p > 0.05). Saliva and plasma protein carbonyls were positively related (r = 0.4405, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, saliva and plasma protein carbonyls/ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) ratios were proved to be significantly correlated with age (r = 0.7796 and r = 0.6938, all p < 0.001) while saliva protein carbonyls/FRAP ratio and plasma protein carbonyls/FRAP ratio were also correlated (r = 0.5573, p < 0.001). We concluded that saliva protein carbonyls seem to be an alternative biomarker of aging while the mechanisms of protein carbonylation and oxidative stress and the relationship between saliva protein carbonyls and diseases need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- />Department of Stomatology, Hainan Branch of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China 572013
| | - Yanyi Wang
- />Department of Stomatology, Hainan Branch of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China 572013
| | - Hongchen Liu
- />Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China 100853
| | - Yuwei Che
- />Department of Prosthodontics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China 100853
| | - Yingying Xu
- />Department of Prosthodontics, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China 100853
| | - Lingling E
- />Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China 100853
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Djukić LJ, Roganović J, Brajović MD, Bokonjić D, Stojić D. The effects of anti-hypertensives and type 2 diabetes on salivary flow and total antioxidant capacity. Oral Dis 2015; 21:619-25. [PMID: 25689395 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effect of first-line anti-hypertensive drugs (enalapril, metoprolol, and combinations of enalapril with metoprolol and/or hydrochlorothiazide) on salivary gland function and salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hypertensive patients with/without diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary gland function was measured as xerostomia (interview) and unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UWSFR) in 447 subjects (387 hypertensive and 60 healthy). Salivary TAC was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. RESULTS Enalapril is not xerogenic, while metoprolol and drug combinations are. In the presence of DM type 2, all drugs, except metoprolol, had pronounced xerogenic effect. Binary logistic regression analysis found enalapril to be significantly associated with decreased risk of xerogenic effect development, while DM type 2 with increased risk. In the presence of enalapril in hypertensive patients with/without DM type 2 salivary TAC was similar to that in healthy subjects, while for metoprolol was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Enalapril is not xerogenic but is antioxidant, which moderately reduces the risk of xerogenic effect development even in the presence of DM type 2. However, metoprolol and drug combinations exhibit xerogenic effect. In DM type 2, xerogenic effect of all drugs was pronounced except of metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Djukić
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M D Brajović
- Department of Cardiology, Zvezdara University Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Bokonjić
- Military Medical Academy, National Poison Control Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Stojić
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hu CW, Cooke MS, Tsai YH, Chao MR. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations in various human body fluids: implications for their measurement and interpretation. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:201-10. [PMID: 24792325 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is the most investigated product of oxidatively damaged DNA lesion that has been associated with the development of aging, cancer and some degenerative diseases. Here, we present the first liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that enables the simultaneous measurement of its repair products in plasma and saliva, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) and 8-oxodGuo. Using this method, we investigated the underlying transport mechanism of the repair products of oxidatively damaged DNA between cellular compartments and biological matrices. Plasma, saliva and urine samples were collected concurrently from 57 healthy subjects. Various deproteinization methods were evaluated, and the precipitants acetonitrile and sodium hydroxide-methanol were, respectively, selected for plasma and saliva samples due to their effect on recovery efficiencies and chromatography. The mean baseline concentrations of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo in plasma were demonstrated to be 0.21 and 0.016 ng/mL, respectively, while in saliva they were 0.85 and 0.010 ng/mL, respectively. A relatively high concentration of 8-oxoGua was found in saliva with a concentration factor (CF, concentration ratio of saliva to plasma) of 4 as compared to that of 8-oxodGuo (CF: 0.6), implying that 8-oxoGua in plasma may be actively transported to saliva, whereas 8-oxodGuo was most dependent on a passive diffusion. Good correlations between urine and plasma concentrations were observed for 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo, suggesting that blood was a suitable matrix in addition to urine. Significant correlation between 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo in urine was only observed when the concentrations were not corrected for urinary creatinine, raising the issue of applicability of urinary creatinine to adjust 8-oxoGua concentrations.
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Sriram S, Subramanian S, Juvvuna PK, McFarlane C, Salerno MS, Kambadur R, Sharma M. Myostatin induces DNA damage in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5784-98. [PMID: 24425880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the features of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes is oxidative stress that induces DNA damage and cell death. Skeletal muscle atrophy is also considerable in type 1 diabetes, however, the signaling mechanisms that induce oxidative stress culminating in muscle atrophy are not fully known. Here, we show that in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic wild type mice, hypo-phosphorylation of Akt, resulted in activation of Foxa2 transcription factor in the muscle. Foxa2 transcriptionally up-regulated Myostatin, contributing to exaggerated oxidative stress leading to DNA damage via p63/REDD1 pathway in skeletal muscle of Streptozotocin-treated wild type mice. In Myostatin(-/-) mice however, Streptozotocin treatment did not reduce Akt phosphorylation despite reduced IRS-1 signaling. Moreover, Foxa2 levels remained unaltered in Myostatin(-/-) mice, while levels of p63/REDD1 were higher compared with wild type mice. Consistent with these results, relatively less DNA damage and muscle atrophy was observed in Myostatin(-/-) muscle in response to Streptozotocin treatment. Taken together, our results for the first time show the role of Foxa2 in Myostatin regulation in skeletal muscle in diabetic mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate the mechanism by which Myostatin contributes to DNA damage in skeletal muscle of the diabetic mice that would lead to myofiber degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sriram
- From the Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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20
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Tóthová L, Hodosy J, Mucska I, Celec P. Salivary markers of oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:563-70. [PMID: 24323279 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Measurement of oxidative stress in saliva seems to be promising in long-term treatment monitoring of OSAS patients. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether short-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment would influence oxidative stress in saliva. METHODS Patients with diagnosed OSAS (16 women, 28 men) underwent polysomnography during the first night and CPAP treatment during the second night. Saliva samples were taken in the evening and morning on both days. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were analyzed in saliva. RESULTS Evening concentrations of the salivary thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (p < 0.001), advanced glycation end-products (p < 0.001), and advanced oxidation protein products (p < 0.01) were significantly lower than morning values during the diagnostic night. However, salivary concentrations of none of the oxidative stress markers were significantly influenced by the CPAP treatment. No changes in salivary antioxidant status after CPAP therapy were found. CONCLUSION Salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status do not change significantly after one night treatment with CPAP. On the contrary, after 1 month with CPAP therapy, reduced markers of oxidative stress were reported. Therefore, the future studies should be focused on finding the optimal sampling frequency to clarify the potential of saliva for the monitoring of OSAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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