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Yamasaki T, Sanders SP, Hylind RJ, Milligan C, Fynn-Thompson F, Mayer JE, Blume ED, Daly KP, Carreon CK. Pathology of explanted pediatric hearts: An 11-year study. Population characteristics and implications for outcomes. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14742. [PMID: 38702926 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As more pediatric patients become candidates for heart transplantation (HT), understanding pathological predictors of outcome and the accuracy of the pretransplantation evaluation are important to optimize utilization of scarce donor organs and improve outcomes. The authors aimed to investigate explanted heart specimens to identify pathologic predictors that may affect cardiac allograft survival after HT. METHODS Explanted pediatric hearts obtained over an 11-year period were analyzed to understand the patient demographics, indications for transplant, and the clinical-pathological factors. RESULTS In this study, 149 explanted hearts, 46% congenital heart defects (CHD), were studied. CHD patients were younger and mean pulmonary artery pressure and resistance were significantly lower than in cardiomyopathy patients. Twenty-one died or underwent retransplantation (14.1%). Survival was significantly higher in the cardiomyopathy group at all follow-up intervals. There were more deaths and the 1-, 5- and 7-year survival was lower in patients ≤10 years of age at HT. Early rejection was significantly higher in CHD patients exposed to homograft tissue, but not late rejection. Mortality/retransplantation rate was significantly higher and allograft survival lower in CHD hearts with excessive fibrosis of one or both ventricles. Anatomic diagnosis at pathologic examination differed from the clinical diagnosis in eight cases. CONCLUSIONS Survival was better for the cardiomyopathy group and patients >10 years at HT. Prior homograft use was associated with a higher prevalence of early rejection. Ventricular fibrosis (of explant) was a strong predictor of outcome in the CHD group. We presented several pathologic findings in explanted pediatric hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Yamasaki
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robyn J Hylind
- Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmia Program, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Milligan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis Fynn-Thompson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Blume
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin P Daly
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chrystalle Katte Carreon
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Sattler S. Is ischaemic heart failure an autoimmune disease? ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:611-614. [PMID: 38152948 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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3
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Gergely TG, Drobni ZD, Kallikourdis M, Zhu H, Meijers WC, Neilan TG, Rassaf T, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Immune checkpoints in cardiac physiology and pathology: therapeutic targets for heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-023-00986-9. [PMID: 38279046 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are physiological regulators of the adaptive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, have revolutionized cancer treatment and their clinical use is increasing. However, ICIs can cause various immune-related adverse events, including acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Of these cardiovascular complications, ICI-induced acute fulminant myocarditis is the most studied, although emerging clinical and preclinical data are uncovering the importance of other ICI-related chronic cardiovascular complications, such as accelerated atherosclerosis and non-myocarditis-related heart failure. These complications could be more difficult to diagnose, given that they might only be present alongside other comorbidities. The occurrence of these complications suggests a potential role of immune checkpoint molecules in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, and disruption of physiological immune checkpoint signalling might thus lead to cardiac pathologies, including heart failure. Although inflammation is a long-known contributor to the development of heart failure, the therapeutic targeting of pro-inflammatory pathways has not been successful thus far. The increasingly recognized role of immune checkpoint molecules in the failing heart highlights their potential use as immunotherapeutic targets for heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the available data on ICI-induced cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and discuss how immune checkpoint signalling is altered in the failing heart. Furthermore, we describe how pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoints could be used to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia D Drobni
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Gupta K, Bagang N, Singh G, Laddi L. Rat Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:123-136. [PMID: 38676889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Isoproterenol (ISO) administration produces significant biochemical and histological changes including oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and inflammation that leads to aggravation of myocardial injury. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal ISO injection into rats can replicate several features of human heart disease, making it a useful tool for comprehending the underlying mechanisms and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. In the present chapter, we elaborate on how depending on the precise experimental goals and the intended level of severity, different dosages and regimens are employed to induce myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- International Graduate Program of Medicines, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Loveinder Laddi
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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5
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Hayashi T, Lim KRQ, Kovacs A, Mann DL. Recurrent Adrenergic Stress Provokes Persistent Myocarditis in PD-1-Deficient Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1503-1517. [PMID: 38205352 PMCID: PMC10774592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear how the immune system initiates effective tissue repair responses without also simultaneously activating adaptive immune responses to self-antigens released by damaged or necrotic cells. We studied the role of repetitive adrenergic mediated stress on cardiac injury wild-type and programmed death-1-deficient (PD-1-/-) mice treated with 3 intraperitoneal low doses of isoproterenol followed by an intraperitoneal injection of high-dose ISO 7 days later (ISOprimed/ISOinjury). Repetitive adrenergic stress in ISOprimed/ISOinjury PD-1-/- mice resulted in a persistent dysregulated myocardial inflammatory response characterized by the expansion of autoreactive effector CD8+ T cells, increased cardiac hypertrophy, mild left ventricular dysfunction, and increased lethality when compared with ISOprimed/ISOinjury wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hayashi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Rowel Q. Lim
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Saleh D, Jones RTL, Schroth SL, Thorp EB, Feinstein MJ. Emerging Roles for Dendritic Cells in Heart Failure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1535. [PMID: 37892217 PMCID: PMC10605025 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cardio-immunology has emerged from discoveries that define roles for innate and adaptive immune responses associated with myocardial inflammation and heart failure. Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise an important cellular compartment that contributes to systemic immune surveillance at the junction of innate and adaptive immunity. Once described as a singular immune subset, we now appreciate that DCs consist of a heterogeneous pool of subpopulations, each with distinct effector functions that can uniquely regulate the acute and chronic inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the cardiovascular-specific context involving DCs in negotiating the biological response to myocardial injury is not well understood. Herein, we review our current understanding of the role of DCs in cardiac inflammation and heart failure, including gaps in knowledge and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Saleh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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7
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Wang X, Wei Z, Wang P, Zhou J, Feng M, Li M, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang X, Gao F, Xing C, Li J. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac reserve to detect subtle cardiac dysfunction in mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122079. [PMID: 37696487 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac reserve is a sensitive tool for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. However, cardiac reserve assessment by catecholamine stress echocardiography in mice varied in the doses of β-adrenergic agonists and the time point for measurements, which may lead to inaccurate readouts. This study aims to establish a standardized protocol for assessing cardiac reserve in mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice under isoflurane anesthesia were intraperitoneally injected with varying doses of isoproterenol (Iso), and subjected to echocardiographic measurements. KEY FINDINGS Heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate all reached peak values within 1-3 min after Iso injection at doses higher than 0.2 mg/kg. Compared with 0.1 mg/kg Iso, 0.2 mg/kg Iso resulted in higher HR, EF, FS and GLS, whereas doses higher than 0.2 mg/kg did not yield further increase. Cardiac response of female mice recapitulated main characteristics of those of male mice except that female mice displayed higher maximum HR and were more sensitive to higher doses of Iso. Furthermore, the advantages of present stress protocol over conventional baseline echocardiographic measurements were verified in comparisons of exercised vs. sedentary and aged vs. young mice for cardiac function evaluation. SIGNIFICANCE We developed a reproducible and sensitive approach to evaluate cardiac reserve by continuously monitoring cardiac function every minute for 3 min after 0.2 mg/kg Iso injection. This approach will enable detection of subtle cardiac dysfunction and accelerate innovative research in cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengya Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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8
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Lim KRQ, Mann DL, Kenzaka T, Hayashi T. The Immunology of Takotsubo Syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254011. [PMID: 37868970 PMCID: PMC10588665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a disorder characterized by transient cardiac dysfunction with ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities, primarily thought to be caused by the effects of a sudden catecholamine surge on the heart. Although the majority of patients exhibit prompt recovery of their cardiac dysfunction, TTS remains associated with increased mortality rates acutely and at long-term, and there is currently no cure for TTS. Inflammation has been shown to play a key role in determining outcomes in TTS patients, as well as in the early pathogenesis of the disorder. There are also cases of TTS patients that have been successfully treated with anti-inflammatory therapies, supporting the importance of the inflammatory response in TTS. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the available clinical and pre-clinical literature on the immune response in TTS, in an effort to not only better understand the pathophysiology of TTS but also to generate insights on the treatment of patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Rowel Q. Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tsuneaki Kenzaka
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tamba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Tamba, Japan
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Long H, Lichtnekert J, Andrassy J, Schraml BU, Romagnani P, Anders HJ. Macrophages and fibrosis: how resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes account for organ injury, regeneration or atrophy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194988. [PMID: 37868987 PMCID: PMC10587486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP), i.e., monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), are essential for immune homeostasis via their capacities to clear pathogens, pathogen components, and non-infectious particles. However, tissue injury-related changes in local microenvironments activate resident and infiltrating MP towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes that contribute to inflammation by secreting additional inflammatory mediators. Efficient control of injurious factors leads to a switch of MP phenotype, which changes the microenvironment towards the resolution of inflammation. In the same way, MP endorses adaptive structural responses leading to either compensatory hypertrophy of surviving cells, tissue regeneration from local tissue progenitor cells, or tissue fibrosis and atrophy. Under certain circumstances, MP contribute to the reversal of tissue fibrosis by clearance of the extracellular matrix. Here we give an update on the tissue microenvironment-related factors that, upon tissue injury, instruct resident and infiltrating MP how to support host defense and recover tissue function and integrity. We propose that MP are not intrinsically active drivers of organ injury and dysfunction but dynamic amplifiers (and biomarkers) of specific tissue microenvironments that vary across spatial and temporal contexts. Therefore, MP receptors are frequently redundant and suboptimal targets for specific therapeutic interventions compared to molecular targets upstream in adaptive humoral or cellular stress response pathways that influence tissue milieus at a contextual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Long
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Julia Lichtnekert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara U. Schraml
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Loh SX, Ekinci Y, Spray L, Jeyalan V, Olin T, Richardson G, Austin D, Alkhalil M, Spyridopoulos I. Fractalkine Signalling (CX 3CL1/CX 3CR1 Axis) as an Emerging Target in Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4821. [PMID: 37510939 PMCID: PMC10381654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common and dramatic complication of atherosclerosis, which, despite successful reperfusion therapy, can lead to incident heart failure (HF). HF occurs when the healing process is impaired due to adverse left ventricular remodelling, and can be the result of so-called ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), visualised by the development of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) or microvascular obstruction (MVO) in cardiac MRI. Thus far, translation of novel pharmacological strategies from preclinical studies to target either IRI or HF post MI have been largely unsuccessful. Anti-inflammatory therapies also carry the risk of affecting the immune system. Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine, present as a transmembrane protein on the endothelium, or following cleavage as a soluble ligand, attracting leukocyte subsets expressing the corresponding receptor CX3CR1. We have shown previously that the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is associated with MVO in patients undergoing primary PCI. Moreover, inhibition of CX3CR1 with an allosteric small molecule antagonist (KAND567) in the rat MI model reduces acute infarct size, inflammation, and IMH. Here we review the cellular biology of fractalkine and its receptor, along with ongoing studies that introduce CX3CR1 as a future target in coronary artery disease, specifically in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xian Loh
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Yasemin Ekinci
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Luke Spray
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Visvesh Jeyalan
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - David Austin
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
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11
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Cserne Szappanos H, Viola HM, Ito DW, Lim S, Mangala M, Holliday M, Barratt Ross S, Semsarian C, Hill A, Dixon RE, Hool LC. Cytoskeletal disarray increases arrhythmogenic vulnerability during sympathetic stimulation in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11296. [PMID: 37438479 PMCID: PMC10338442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) patients are advised to avoid strenuous exercise due to increased risk of arrhythmias. Mice expressing the human FHC-causing mutation R403Q in the myosin heavy chain gene (MYH6) recapitulate the human phenotype, including cytoskeletal disarray and increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Following in vivo administration of isoproterenol, mutant mice exhibited tachyarrhythmias, poor recovery and fatigue. Arrhythmias were attenuated with the β-blocker atenolol and protein kinase A inhibitor PKI. Mutant cardiac myocytes had significantly prolonged action potentials and triggered automaticity due to reduced repolarization reserve and connexin 43 expression. Isoproterenol shortened cycle length, and escalated electrical instability. Surprisingly isoproterenol did not increase CaV1.2 current. We found alterations in CaV1.2-β1 adrenergic receptor colocalization assessed using super-resolution nanoscopy, and increased CaV1.2 phosphorylation in mutant hearts. Our results reveal for the first time that altered ion channel expression, co-localization and β-adrenergic receptor signaling associated with myocyte disarray contribute to electrical instability in the R403Q mutant heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Danica W Ito
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seakcheng Lim
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Mangala
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mira Holliday
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Barratt Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Ye M, Ruan L, Huang L, Zheng H, Xu W, Xu W, Chen L, Li H. Triterpenoids with diverse skeletons from the roots of Rhus chinensis and their protective effects on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in zebrafish. Phytochemistry 2023:113749. [PMID: 37307886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing quest to discover previously unreported lead compounds that provide protection against heart failure (HF), ten formerly undescribed (1-10) and nine known (11-19) triterpenoids were obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis Mill. The isolated triterpenoids exhibited distinct skeletal types, including rare 17-epi-dammarane (1, 6, 7, 11, and 12), conventional dammarane (2-5, 8, and 9), oleanane (10 and 13-17) and lupane (18 and 19). Their structures were elucidated via a comprehensive analysis of the HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD data, as well as quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters. Notably, compounds 1-5, 10-15, and 19 possessed an unusual 3,19 (or 25)-hemiketal structure bridging over ring A, while the remaining compounds were classified as 3-oxotriterpenoids. The skeletal diversity observed in these compounds was further elaborated from a biosynthetic perspective. Subsequently, the protective effects of fourteen compounds (1, 3, 4, 6-9, 11-14, and 16-18) against HF were evaluated using zebrafish models of isoproterenol-induced HF at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. Remarkably, all fourteen compounds significantly ameliorated pericardial edema, with five compounds (3, 6, 11, 14, and 16) also attenuating impaired cardiac output (CO), and eight compounds (1, 3, 4, 7-9, 14, and 16) inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, certain compounds even restored the impaired pericardium and CO to near-normal levels. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids derived from R. chinensis as promising agents for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Lingjie Ruan
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Lina Huang
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China; Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China.
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13
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Nichtová Z, Fernandez-Sanz C, De La Fuente S, Yuan Y, Hurst S, Lanvermann S, Tsai HY, Weaver D, Baggett A, Thompson C, Bouchet-Marquis C, Várnai P, Seifert EL, Dorn GW, Sheu SS, Csordás G. Enhanced Mitochondria-SR Tethering Triggers Adaptive Cardiac Muscle Remodeling. Circ Res 2023; 132:e171-e187. [PMID: 37057625 PMCID: PMC10213149 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac contractile function requires high energy from mitochondria, and Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Via local Ca2+ transfer at close mitochondria-SR contacts, cardiac excitation feedforward regulates mitochondrial ATP production to match surges in demand (excitation-bioenergetics coupling). However, pathological stresses may cause mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, excessive reactive oxygen species production and permeability transition, risking homeostatic collapse and myocyte loss. Excitation-bioenergetics coupling involves mitochondria-SR tethers but the role of tethering in cardiac physiology/pathology is debated. Endogenous tether proteins are multifunctional; therefore, nonselective targets to scrutinize interorganelle linkage. Here, we assessed the physiological/pathological relevance of selective chronic enhancement of cardiac mitochondria-SR tethering. METHODS We introduced to mice a cardiac muscle-specific engineered tether (linker) transgene with a fluorescent protein core and deployed 2D/3D electron microscopy, biochemical approaches, fluorescence imaging, in vivo and ex vivo cardiac performance monitoring and stress challenges to characterize the linker phenotype. RESULTS Expressed in the mature cardiomyocytes, the linker expanded and tightened individual mitochondria-junctional SR contacts; but also evoked a marked remodeling with large dense mitochondrial clusters that excluded dyads. Yet, excitation-bioenergetics coupling remained well-preserved, likely due to more longitudinal mitochondria-dyad contacts and nanotunnelling between mitochondria exposed to junctional SR and those sealed away from junctional SR. Remarkably, the linker decreased female vulnerability to acute massive β-adrenergic stress. It also reduced myocyte death and mitochondrial calcium-overload-associated myocardial impairment in ex vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS We propose that mitochondria-SR/endoplasmic reticulum contacts operate at a structural optimum. Although acute changes in tethering may cause dysfunction, upon chronic enhancement of contacts from early life, adaptive remodeling of the organelles shifts the system to a new, stable structural optimum. This remodeling balances the individually enhanced mitochondrion-junctional SR crosstalk and excitation-bioenergetics coupling, by increasing the connected mitochondrial pool and, presumably, Ca2+/reactive oxygen species capacity, which then improves the resilience to stresses associated with dysregulated hyperactive Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nichtová
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Celia Fernandez-Sanz
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sergio De La Fuente
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Hurst
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hui-Ying Tsai
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariele Baggett
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis Univ., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Dep. Med., WUSM, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Tejedor S, Buigues M, González-King H, Silva AM, García NA, Dekker N, Sepúlveda P. Oncostatin M-Enriched Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Isoproterenol-Induced Fibrosis and Enhance Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076467. [PMID: 37047440 PMCID: PMC10095085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of cardiac dysfunction. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine that can promote fibrosis in different organs after sustained exposure. However, OSM released by macrophages during cardiac fibrosis suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation by modulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression and extracellular matrix deposition. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated to treat myocardial infarction, using different strategies to bolster their therapeutic ability. Here, we generated TERT-immortalized human MSC cell lines (MSC-T) engineered to overexpress two forms of cleavage-resistant OSM fused to CD81TM (OSM-SEVs), which allows the display of the cytokine at the surface of secreted SEVs. The therapeutic potential of OSM-SEVs was assessed in vitro using human cardiac ventricular fibroblasts (HCF-Vs) activated by TGF-β1. Compared with control SEVs, OSM-loaded SEVs reduced proliferation in HCF-V and blunted telo-collagen expression. When injected intraperitoneally into mice treated with isoproterenol, OSM-loaded SEVs reduced fibrosis, prevented cardiac hypertrophy, and increased angiogenesis. Overall, we demonstrate that the enrichment of functional OSM on the surface of MSC-T-SEVs increases their potency in terms of anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic properties, which opens new perspectives for this novel biological product in cell-free-based therapies.
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15
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Siatra P, Vatsellas G, Chatzianastasiou A, Balafas E, Manolakou T, Papapetropoulos A, Agapaki A, Mouchtouri ET, Ruchaya PJ, Korovesi AG, Mavroidis M, Thanos D, Beis D, Kokkinopoulos I. Return of the Tbx5; lineage-tracing reveals ventricular cardiomyocyte-like precursors in the injured adult mammalian heart. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:13. [PMID: 36869039 PMCID: PMC9984483 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The single curative measure for heart failure patients is a heart transplantation, which is limited due to a shortage of donors, the need for immunosuppression and economic costs. Therefore, there is an urgent unmet need for identifying cell populations capable of cardiac regeneration that we will be able to trace and monitor. Injury to the adult mammalian cardiac muscle, often leads to a heart attack through the irreversible loss of a large number of cardiomyocytes, due to an idle regenerative capability. Recent reports in zebrafish indicate that Tbx5a is a vital transcription factor for cardiomyocyte regeneration. Preclinical data underscore the cardioprotective role of Tbx5 upon heart failure. Data from our earlier murine developmental studies have identified a prominent unipotent Tbx5-expressing embryonic cardiac precursor cell population able to form cardiomyocytes, in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo. Using a developmental approach to an adult heart injury model and by employing a lineage-tracing mouse model as well as the use of single-cell RNA-seq technology, we identify a Tbx5-expressing ventricular cardiomyocyte-like precursor population, in the injured adult mammalian heart. The transcriptional profile of that precursor cell population is closer to that of neonatal than embryonic cardiomyocyte precursors. Tbx5, a cardinal cardiac development transcription factor, lies in the center of a ventricular adult precursor cell population, which seems to be affected by neurohormonal spatiotemporal cues. The identification of a Tbx5-specific cardiomyocyte precursor-like cell population, which is capable of dedifferentiating and potentially deploying a cardiomyocyte regenerative program, provides a clear target cell population for translationally-relevant heart interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Siatra
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Chatzianastasiou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Agapaki
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Histochemistry Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Taxiarchia Mouchtouri
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Prashant J. Ruchaya
- grid.60969.300000 0001 2189 1306School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Artemis G. Korovesi
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Thanos
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- grid.417593.d0000 0001 2358 8802Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Abedalqader NN, Rababa'h AM, Ababneh M. The protective effect of rivaroxaban with or without aspirin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet reactivity in isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:337-351. [PMID: 36334131 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases are principal sources of mortality and disability in global human population. Progressively, rivaroxaban is being evaluated for the prevention of atherosclerotic thrombi, particularly with anti-platelet agents. Hence, the current report aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of rivaroxaban on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury model in rats and the possible synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five different groups. Cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Rat tail bleeding time was performed prior to sacrifice. Cardiac enzymes, platelet activity, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pre-administration of rivaroxaban alone and on combination with aspirin prevented ISO-induced increase in cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels. Moreover, a significant prolongation of bleeding time was demonstrated among aspirin, rivaroxaban, and aspirin plus rivaroxaban treated groups. On the other hand, the combination treatment of aspirin plus rivaroxaban showed no marked difference in these biomarkers and bleeding time relative to either drug administered separately. However, a prominent decrease of cardiac 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) level was displayed in the combination treatment when compared with ISO and rivaroxaban-treated groups, whereas no significant improvement was seen in cardiac glycoprotein V (GPV) levels except in aspirin-treated group. The study results demonstrated that rivaroxaban decreases cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelets reactivity. However, the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin did not seem to show synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiplatelet effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour N Abedalqader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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17
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Hayashi T, Tiwary SK, Lim KRQ, Rocha-Resende C, Kovacs A, Weinheimer C, Mann DL. Refining the reproducibility of a murine model of stress-induced reversible cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H229-H240. [PMID: 36563015 PMCID: PMC9886343 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many advantages of isoproterenol (Iso)-induced models of cardiomyopathy, the extant literature suggests that the reproducibility of the Iso-induced stress cardiomyopathy phenotype varies considerably depending on the dose of Iso used, the mode of administration of Iso (subcutaneous vs. intraperitoneal), and the species of the animal that is being studied. Recently, we have shown that a single injection of Iso into female C57BL/6J mice provokes transient myocardial injury that is characterized by a brisk release of troponin I within 1 h, as well as a self-limited myocardial inflammatory response that is associated with increased myocardial tissue edema, inferoapical regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities, and a transient decrease in global LV function, which were completely recovered by day 7 after the Iso injection (i.e., stress-induced reversible cardiomyopathy). Here we expand upon this initial report in this model by demonstrating important sexually dimorphic differences in the response to Iso-induced tissue injury, the ensuing myocardial inflammatory response, and changes in LV structure and function. We also provide information with respect to enhancing the reproducibility in this model by optimizing animal welfare during the procedure. The acute Iso-induced myocardial injury model provides a low-cost, relatively high-throughput small-animal model that mimics human disease (e.g., Takotsubo cardiomyopathy). Given that the model can be performed in different genetic backgrounds, as well as different experimental conditions, the acute Iso injury model should provide the cardiovascular community with a valuable nonsurgical animal model for understanding the myocardial response to tissue injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study highlights the importance of sexual dimorphism with respect to isoproterenol injury, as well as the importance of animal handling and welfare to obtain reproducible results from investigator to investigator. Based on serial observations of animal recovery (locomotor activity and grooming behavior), troponin I release, and inflammation, we identified that the method used to restrain the mice for the intraperitoneal injection was the single greatest source of variability in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hayashi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Sajal K Tiwary
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenji Rowel Q Lim
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Cibele Rocha-Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Carla Weinheimer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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18
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Caravia XM, Ramirez-Martinez A, Gan P, Wang F, McAnally JR, Xu L, Bassel-Duby R, Liu N, Olson EN. Loss of function of the nuclear envelope protein LEMD2 causes DNA damage–dependent cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158897. [PMID: 36377660 PMCID: PMC9663152 DOI: 10.1172/jci158897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nuclear envelope proteins (NEPs) cause devastating genetic diseases, known as envelopathies, that primarily affect the heart and skeletal muscle. A mutation in the NEP LEM domain-containing protein 2 (LEMD2) causes severe cardiomyopathy in humans. However, the roles of LEMD2 in the heart and the pathological mechanisms responsible for its association with cardiac disease are unknown. We generated knockin (KI) mice carrying the human c.T38>G Lemd2 mutation, which causes a missense amino acid exchange (p.L13>R) in the LEM domain of the protein. These mice represent a preclinical model that phenocopies the human disease, as they developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac fibrosis leading to premature death. At the cellular level, KI/KI cardiomyocytes exhibited disorganization of the transcriptionally silent heterochromatin associated with the nuclear envelope. Moreover, mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Lemd2 also died shortly after birth due to heart abnormalities. Cardiomyocytes lacking Lemd2 displayed nuclear envelope deformations and extensive DNA damage and apoptosis linked to p53 activation. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific Lemd2 gene therapy via adeno-associated virus rescued cardiac function in KI/KI mice. Together, our results reveal the essentiality of LEMD2 for genome stability and cardiac function and unveil its mechanistic association with human disease.
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19
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Tranter MH, Redfors B, Wright PT, Couch LS, Lyon AR, Omerovic E, Harding SE. Hyperthermia as a trigger for Takotsubo syndrome in a rat model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:869585. [PMID: 35958426 PMCID: PMC9360576 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.869585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome is a well-characterized cause of acute yet reversible heart failure associated with periods of intense emotional stress, often mimicking on presentation an acute coronary syndrome. Animal models of Takotsubo syndrome have been developed, either through the application of a stressor, or administration of exogenous catecholamine. We found that in a model of isoproterenol-induced Takotsubo syndrome in anesthetized rats hyperthermia (40–41°C) would occur after the administration of isoproterenol. Maintenance of this hyperthermia would result in an apical hypocontractility typical of the syndrome, whereas prevention of hyperthermia with active cooling to maintain a euthermic core body temperature prevented (but did not subsequently reverse) apical hypocontractility. In vitro experimentation with isolated cardiomyocytes showed no effect of hyperthermia on either baseline contractility or contractility change after beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. We suggest that the rise in body temperature that is characteristic of catecholamine storm may be a component in the development of Takotsubo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Tranter
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
- Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Matthew H. Tranter
| | - Bjorn Redfors
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter T. Wright
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam S. Couch
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), London, United Kingdom
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20
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Schiattarella GG, Alcaide P, Condorelli G, Gillette TG, Heymans S, Jones EAV, Kallikourdis M, Lichtman A, Marelli-Berg F, Shah S, Thorp EB, Hill JA. Immunometabolic Mechanisms of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:211-222. [PMID: 35755006 PMCID: PMC9229992 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, already accounting for at least half of all heart failure (HF). As most patients with HFpEF are obese with metabolic syndrome, metabolic stress has been implicated in syndrome pathogenesis. Recently, compelling evidence for bidirectional crosstalk between metabolic stress and chronic inflammation has emerged, and alterations in systemic and cardiac immune responses are held to participate in HFpEF pathophysiology. Indeed, based on both preclinical and clinical evidence, comorbidity-driven systemic inflammation, coupled with metabolic stress, have been implicated together in HFpEF pathogenesis. As metabolic alterations impact immune function(s) in HFpEF, major changes in immune cell metabolism are also recognized in HFpEF and in HFpEF-predisposing conditions. Both arms of immunity - innate and adaptive - are implicated in the cardiomyocyte response in HFpEF. Indeed, we submit that crosstalk among adipose tissue, the immune system, and the heart represents a critical component of HFpEF pathobiology. Here, we review recent evidence in support of immunometabolic mechanisms as drivers of HFpEF pathogenesis, discuss pivotal biological mechanisms underlying the syndrome, and highlight questions requiring additional inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Italy,Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrew Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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Raihan MO, Espelien BM, Mcgregor BA, Hanson C, Brishti A, Velaris NA, Alvine TD, Bradley DS, Nilles M, Golovko MY, Hur J, Porter JE. Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling Molecules in Bordetella pertussis Antigen-Challenged Human Monocytes in Presence of Adrenergic Agonists. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:321. [PMID: 35214778 PMCID: PMC8879854 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BscF is a type III secretion system (T3SS) needle protein from Bordetella pertussis and has previously been shown to induce a sufficient Th1 and Th17 response in human monocytes and mice as a prerequisite for long-lasting protective immunity against pertussis infection. In our current study, we aim to compare the modulation of inflammatory signaling molecules as a direct measure of the immune response to the B. pertussis antigens BscF and Tdap in the presence or absence of the adrenergic receptor agonists phenylephrine (PE) or isoproterenol (ISO) to observe differences that may contribute to the diminished protective immunity of the current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, Tdap. Stimulation of human monocyte THP-1 cells with LPS, BscF, and Tdap induced a robust elevation of CCL20, CXCL10, PGE2, and PGF2α among most chemokine and prostanoid members when compared with the control treatment. Treatment with the adrenergic agonist PE or ISO significantly enhanced the BscF- and Tdap-stimulated modulation of CCL20 and CXCL10 but not PGE2 and PGF2α, suggesting that adrenergic modulation of pertussis antigen responses might be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the longevity of pertussis immunity. Stimulation of THP-1 cells with BscF alone initiated significant expression of CXCL10 and PGF2α but not when Tdap was used, suggesting that BscF might be an important pertussis antigen for next-generation pertussis vaccines or when combined with the current aP vaccine. Our data offer opportunities for designing new therapeutic approaches against pertussis infection.
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22
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Liao X, Chang E, Tang X, Watanabe I, Zhang R, Jeong HW, Adams RH, Jain MK. Cardiac macrophages regulate isoproterenol-induced Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156236. [PMID: 35132957 PMCID: PMC8855841 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute, stress-induced cardiomyopathy that occurs predominantly in women after extreme physical and/or emotional stress. To date, our understanding of the molecular basis for TTS remains unknown and, consequently, specific therapies are lacking. Myocardial infiltration of monocytes and macrophages in TTS has been documented in clinical studies. However, the functional importance of these findings remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a single high dose of isoproterenol (ISO) in mice induced a TTS-like cardiomyopathy phenotype characterized by female predominance, severe cardiac dysfunction, and robust myocardial infiltration of macrophages. Single-cell RNA-Seq studies of myocardial immune cells revealed that TTS-like cardiomyopathy is associated with complex activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the heart, and macrophages were identified as the dominant immune cells. Global macrophage depletion (via clodronate liposome administration) or blockade of macrophage infiltration (via a CCR2 antagonist or in CCR2-KO mice) resulted in recovery of cardiac dysfunction in ISO-challenged mice. In addition, damping myeloid cell activation by HIF1α deficiency or exposure to the immunomodulatory agent bortezomib ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. Collectively, our findings identify macrophages as a critical regulator of TTS pathogenesis that can be targeted for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Chang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinmiao Tang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ippei Watanabe
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Münster, Germany
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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23
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Mehmet Ekici, Güngör H, Karayığıt MÖ, Turgut NH, Koҫkaya M, Karataș Ö, Üner AG. Cardioprotective Effect of Empagliflozin in Rats with Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: Evaluation of Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022130039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Although more than 90% of children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood, patients face significantly higher and premature morbidity and mortality. Heart failure as well as non-cardiac comorbidities represent a striking and life-limiting problem with need for new treatment options. Systemic chronic inflammation and immune activation have been identified as crucial drivers of disease causes and progression in various cardiovascular disorders and are promising therapeutic targets. Accumulating evidence indicates an inflammatory state and immune alterations in children and adults with CHD. In this review, we highlight the implications of chronic inflammation, immunity, and immune senescence in CHD. In this context, we summarize the impact of infant open-heart surgery with subsequent thymectomy on the immune system later in life and discuss the potential role of comorbidities and underlying genetic alterations. How an altered immunity and chronic inflammation in CHD influence patient outcomes facing SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear, but requires special attention, as CHD could represent a population particularly at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concluding remarks address possible clinical implications of immune changes in CHD and consider future immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Wienecke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30621, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Respiratory Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Congenital Heart Diseases Department, M3C Hospital Marie Lannelongue, Université Paris-Saclay, Plessis-Robinson, Paris, France
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30621, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin G Chousterman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942 MASCOT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Lim Y, Jeong A, Kwon DH, Lee YU, Kim YK, Ahn Y, Kook T, Park WJ, Kook H. P300/CBP-Associated Factor Activates Cardiac Fibroblasts by SMAD2 Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9944. [PMID: 34576109 PMCID: PMC8472677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various heart diseases cause cardiac remodeling, which in turn leads to ineffective contraction. Although it is an adaptive response to injury, cardiac fibrosis contributes to this remodeling, for which the reactivation of quiescent myofibroblasts is a key feature. In the present study, we investigated the role of the p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a high dose (160 mg/kg) of isoproterenol (ISP) induced cardiac fibrosis and reduced the amount of the PCAF in cardiac fibroblasts in the mouse heart. However, the PCAF activity was significantly increased in cardiac fibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes, obtained from ISP-administered mice. An in vitro study using human cardiac fibroblast cells recapitulated the in vivo results; an treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) reduced the PCAF, whereas it activated the PCAF in the fibroblasts. PCAF siRNA attenuated the TGF-β1-induced increase in and translocation of fibrosis marker proteins. PCAF siRNA blocked TGF-β1-mediated gel contraction and cell migration. The PCAF directly interacted with and acetylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2). PCAF siRNA prevented TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of SMAD2. These results suggest that the increase in PCAF activity during cardiac fibrosis may participate in SMAD2 acetylation and thereby in its activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoon Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- BK21 Plus Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Anna Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- BK21 Plus Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- BK21 Plus Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Yeong-Un Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584, Mujin-daero, Seo-gu, Gwangju 61954, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- BK21 Plus Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Taewon Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Woo-Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.L.); (A.J.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-U.L.); (T.K.)
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (Y.A.)
- BK21 Plus Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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Alvarez-Argote S, O'Meara CC. The Evolving Roles of Cardiac Macrophages in Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7923. [PMID: 34360689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages were first described as phagocytic immune cells responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis by the removal of pathogens that disturb normal function. Historically, macrophages have been viewed as terminally differentiated monocyte-derived cells that originated through hematopoiesis and infiltrated multiple tissues in the presence of inflammation or during turnover in normal homeostasis. However, improved cell detection and fate-mapping strategies have elucidated the various lineages of tissue-resident macrophages, which can derive from embryonic origins independent of hematopoiesis and monocyte infiltration. The role of resident macrophages in organs such as the skin, liver, and the lungs have been well characterized, revealing functions well beyond a pure phagocytic and immunological role. In the heart, recent research has begun to decipher the functional roles of various tissue-resident macrophage populations through fate mapping and genetic depletion studies. Several of these studies have elucidated the novel and unexpected roles of cardiac-resident macrophages in homeostasis, including maintaining mitochondrial function, facilitating cardiac conduction, coronary development, and lymphangiogenesis, among others. Additionally, following cardiac injury, cardiac-resident macrophages adopt diverse functions such as the clearance of necrotic and apoptotic cells and debris, a reduction in the inflammatory monocyte infiltration, promotion of angiogenesis, amelioration of inflammation, and hypertrophy in the remaining myocardium, overall limiting damage extension. The present review discusses the origin, development, characterization, and function of cardiac macrophages in homeostasis, cardiac regeneration, and after cardiac injury or stress.
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27
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Abstract
Cardiac injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances, a full understanding of why the heart fails to fully recover function after acute injury, and why progressive heart failure frequently ensues, remains elusive. No therapeutics, short of heart transplantation, have emerged to reliably halt or reverse the inexorable progression of heart failure in the majority of patients once it has become clinically evident. To date, most pharmacological interventions have focused on modifying hemodynamics (reducing afterload, controlling blood pressure and blood volume) or on modifying cardiac myocyte function. However, important contributions of the immune system to normal cardiac function and the response to injury have recently emerged as exciting areas of investigation. Therapeutic interventions aimed at harnessing the power of immune cells hold promise for new treatment avenues for cardiac disease. Here, we review the immune response to heart injury, its contribution to cardiac fibrosis, and the potential of immune modifying therapies to affect cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Rurik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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28
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Forte E, Perkins B, Sintou A, Kalkat HS, Papanikolaou A, Jenkins C, Alsubaie M, Chowdhury RA, Duffy TM, Skelly DA, Branca J, Bellahcene M, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Furtado MB, Ng FS, Hasham MG, Rosenthal N, Sattler S. Cross-Priming Dendritic Cells Exacerbate Immunopathology After Ischemic Tissue Damage in the Heart. Circulation 2021; 143:821-836. [PMID: 33297741 PMCID: PMC7899721 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.044581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of heart failure and despite advanced therapeutic options, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Although acute inflammation in response to myocardial cell death has been extensively studied, subsequent adaptive immune activity and anti-heart autoimmunity may also contribute to the development of heart failure. After ischemic injury to the myocardium, dendritic cells (DC) respond to cardiomyocyte necrosis, present cardiac antigen to T cells, and potentially initiate a persistent autoimmune response against the heart. Cross-priming DC have the ability to activate both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in response to necrotic cells and may thus be crucial players in exacerbating autoimmunity targeting the heart. This study investigates a role for cross-priming DC in post-myocardial infarction immunopathology through presentation of self-antigen from necrotic cardiac cells to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. METHODS We induced type 2 myocardial infarction-like ischemic injury in the heart by treatment with a single high dose of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. We characterized the DC population in the heart and mediastinal lymph nodes and analyzed long-term cardiac immunopathology and functional decline in wild type and Clec9a-depleted mice lacking DC cross-priming function. RESULTS A diverse DC population, including cross-priming DC, is present in the heart and activated after ischemic injury. Clec9a-/- mice deficient in DC cross-priming are protected from persistent immune-mediated myocardial damage and decline of cardiac function, likely because of dampened activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by cross-priming DC contributes to exacerbation of postischemic inflammatory damage of the myocardium and corresponding decline in cardiac function. Importantly, this provides novel therapeutic targets to prevent postischemic immunopathology and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Bryant Perkins
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Amalia Sintou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Harkaran S. Kalkat
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Catherine Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Mashael Alsubaie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Rasheda A. Chowdhury
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Theodore M. Duffy
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Daniel A. Skelly
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Jane Branca
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Milena B. Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
- Amgen Biotechnology, Thousand Oaks, CA (M.B.F.)
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Muneer G. Hasham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
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29
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Forte E, Panahi M, Baxan N, Ng FS, Boyle JJ, Branca J, Bedard O, Hasham MG, Benson L, Harding SE, Rosenthal N, Sattler S. Type 2 MI induced by a single high dose of isoproterenol in C57BL/6J mice triggers a persistent adaptive immune response against the heart. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:229-243. [PMID: 33249764 PMCID: PMC7810962 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the common final pathway of several cardiovascular conditions and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aberrant activation of the adaptive immune system in response to myocardial necrosis has recently been implicated in the development of heart failure. The ß-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol hydrochloride is used for its cardiac effects in a variety of different dosing regimens with high doses causing acute cardiomyocyte necrosis. To assess whether isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis triggers an adaptive immune response against the heart, we treated C57BL/6J mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol. We confirmed tissue damage reminiscent of human type 2 myocardial infarction. This is followed by an adaptive immune response targeting the heart as demonstrated by the activation of T cells, the presence of anti-heart auto-antibodies in the serum as late as 12 weeks after initial challenge and IgG deposition in the myocardium. All of these are hallmark signs of an established autoimmune response. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from isoproterenol-treated mice induces left ventricular dilation and impairs cardiac function in healthy recipients. In summary, a single administration of a high dose of isoproterenol is a suitable high-throughput model for future studies of the pathological mechanisms of anti-heart autoimmunity and to test potential immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Panahi
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicoleta Baxan
- Biological Imaging CentreCentral Biomedical ServicesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joseph J. Boyle
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Lindsay Benson
- Central Biomedical ServicesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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