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Zaparina O, Kovner A, Petrova V, Kolosova N, Mordvinov V, Pakharukova M. Plastoquinone-Derivative SkQ1 Improved the Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia during Liver Fluke Infection. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1593-1606. [PMID: 38392221 PMCID: PMC10887543 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic food-borne liver fluke infections are a serious epidemiological threat worldwide. The major complications of Opisthorchis felineus infection are chronic inflammation and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia. Although evidence has accumulated that increased reactive oxygen species production is observed in liver fluke infection, a direct relationship between the oxidative stress and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia has not been shown. Quinones and SkQ1, a derivative of plastoquinone, have been demonstrated to be cytoprotective in numerous liver injuries due to their potent antioxidant properties. This study is aimed to assess the level of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia in O. felineus-infected hamsters after treatment with mitochondria-targeted SkQ1. SkQ1 significantly reduced the biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, which was accompanied by a decrease in lipid and DNA oxidation byproducts, mRNA expression and level of proteins associated with inflammation (TNF-α, CD68) and fibrogenesis (CK7, αSMA), and was also associated with an activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Thus, a direct relationship was found between oxidative stress and the severity of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia in O. felineus-infected hamsters. The hepatoprotective effect of plastoquinone-derivative SkQ1 was established; therefore, this compound is a promising agent in complex therapy in the treatment of opisthorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Zaparina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna Kovner
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viktoria Petrova
- Department of Biology, Cherepovets State University, 5, St. Lunacharsky, Cherepovets 162600, Russia
| | - Nataliya Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Cogliati B, Klaassen CD, Kumar S, Cheng X, Bu P. Distinct bile acid alterations in response to a single administration of PFOA and PFDA in mice. Toxicology 2024; 502:153719. [PMID: 38181850 PMCID: PMC10922993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of synthetic chemicals that were once widely used for industrial purposes and in consumer products, are widely found in the environment and in human blood due to their extraordinary resistance to degradation. Once inside the body, PFASs can activate nuclear receptors such as PPARα and CAR. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) on liver structure and functions, as well as bile acid homeostasis in mice. A single administration of 0.1 mmole/kg of PFDA, not PFOA, elevated serum ALT and bilirubin levels and caused cholestasis in WT mice. PFDA increased total and various bile acid species in serum but decreased them in the liver. Furthermore, in mouse livers, PFDA, not PFOA, down-regulated mRNA expression of uptake transporters (Ntcp, Oatp1a1, 1a4, 1b2, and 2b1) but induced efflux transporters (Bcrp, Mdr2, and Mrp2-4). In addition, PFDA, not PFOA, decreased Cyp7a1, 7b1, 8b1, and 27a1 mRNA expression in mouse livers with concomitant hepatic accumulation of cholesterol. In contrast, in PPARα-null mice, PFDA did not increase serum ALT, bilirubin, or total bile acids, but produced prominent hepatosteatosis; and the observed PFDA-induced expression changes of transporters and Cyps in WT mice were largely attenuated or abolished. In CAR-null mice, the observed PFDA-induced bile acid alterations in WT mice were mostly sustained. These results indicate that, at the dose employed, PFDA has more negative effects than PFOA on liver function. PPARα appears to play a major role in mediating most of PFDA-induced effects, which were absent or attenuated in PPARα-null mice. Lack of PPARα, however, exacerbated hepatic steatosis. Our findings indicate separated roles of PPARα in mediating the adaptive responses to PFDA: protective against hepatosteatosis but exacerbating cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| | - Youcai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, United States
| | - Sanaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
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Fernández-Ginés R, Encinar JA, Escoll M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Jiménez-Villegas J, García-Yagüe ÁJ, González-Rodríguez Á, Garcia-Martinez I, Valverde ÁM, Rojo AI, Cuadrado A. Specific targeting of the NRF2/β-TrCP axis promotes beneficial effects in NASH. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103027. [PMID: 38184999 PMCID: PMC10808969 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease that compromises liver function, for which there is not a specifically approved medicine. Recent research has identified transcription factor NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target. However, current NRF2 activators, designed to inhibit its repressor KEAP1, exhibit unwanted side effects. Alternatively, we previously introduced PHAR, a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of NRF2/β-TrCP, which induces a mild NRF2 activation and selectively activates NRF2 in the liver, close to normal physiological levels. Herein, we assessed the effect of PHAR in protection against NASH and its progression to fibrosis. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that PHAR effectively activated NRF2 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Then, we used the STAM mouse model of NASH, based on partial damage of endocrine pancreas and insulin secretion impairment, followed by a high fat diet. Non-invasive analysis using MRI revealed that PHAR protects against liver fat accumulation. Moreover, PHAR attenuated key markers of NASH progression, including liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, transcriptomic data indicate that PHAR led to upregulation of 3 anti-fibrotic genes (Plg, Serpina1a, and Bmp7) and downregulation of 6 pro-fibrotic (including Acta2 and Col3a1), 11 extracellular matrix remodeling, and 8 inflammatory genes. Overall, our study suggests that the mild activation of NRF2 via the protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR holds promise as a strategy for addressing NASH and its progression to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maribel Escoll
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jiménez-Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel J García-Yagüe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Greatorex S, Kaur S, Xirouchaki CE, Goh PK, Wiede F, Genders AJ, Tran M, Jia Y, Raajendiran A, Brown WA, McLean CA, Sadoshima J, Watt MJ, Tiganis T. Mitochondria- and NOX4-dependent antioxidant defense mitigates progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e162533. [PMID: 38060313 PMCID: PMC10849767 DOI: 10.1172/jci162533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in the majority of individuals with obesity, but in a subset of these individuals, it progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (0NASH) and fibrosis. The mechanisms that prevent NASH and fibrosis in the majority of patients with NAFLD remain unclear. Here, we report that NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) were elevated in hepatocytes early in disease progression to prevent NASH and fibrosis. Mitochondria-derived ROS activated NFE2L2 to induce the expression of NOX4, which in turn generated H2O2 to exacerbate the NFE2L2 antioxidant defense response. The deletion or inhibition of NOX4 in hepatocytes decreased ROS and attenuated antioxidant defense to promote mitochondrial oxidative stress, damage proteins and lipids, diminish insulin signaling, and promote cell death upon oxidant challenge. Hepatocyte NOX4 deletion in high-fat diet-fed obese mice, which otherwise develop steatosis, but not NASH, resulted in hepatic oxidative damage, inflammation, and T cell recruitment to drive NASH and fibrosis, whereas NOX4 overexpression tempered the development of NASH and fibrosis in mice fed a NASH-promoting diet. Thus, mitochondria- and NOX4-derived ROS function in concert to drive a NFE2L2 antioxidant defense response to attenuate oxidative liver damage and progression to NASH and fibrosis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Greatorex
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Pei K. Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Amanda J. Genders
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Melanie Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - YaoYao Jia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Arthe Raajendiran
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Kasai S, Kokubu D, Mizukami H, Itoh K. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Insulin Resistance, and Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response-Toward an Actionable Strategy for Anti-Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1544. [PMID: 37892226 PMCID: PMC10605809 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly by mitochondrial respiration and function as signaling molecules in the physiological range. However, ROS production is also associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the etiology of IR and early events, especially mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production in insulin-sensitive tissues. Importantly, IR and/or defective adipogenesis in the white adipose tissues (WAT) is thought to increase free fatty acid and ectopic lipid deposition to develop into systemic IR. Fatty acid and ceramide accumulation mediate coenzyme Q reduction and mtROS production in IR in the skeletal muscle, while coenzyme Q synthesis downregulation is also involved in mtROS production in the WAT. Obesity-related IR is associated with the downregulation of mitochondrial catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the WAT, and the accumulation of BCAA and its metabolites as biomarkers in the blood could reliably indicate future T2D. Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates antioxidant enzyme expression in response to oxidative stress, is downregulated in insulin-resistant tissues. However, Nrf2 inducers, such as sulforaphane, could restore Nrf2 and target gene expression and attenuate IR in multiple tissues, including the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Daichi Kokubu
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
- Diet & Well-being Research Institute, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
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Hammoutene A, Laouirem S, Albuquerque M, Colnot N, Brzustowski A, Valla D, Provost N, Delerive P, Paradis V. A new NRF2 activator for the treatment of human metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100845. [PMID: 37663119 PMCID: PMC10472315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Oxidative stress triggers metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and fibrosis. Previous animal studies demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), the master regulator of antioxidant response, protects against MAFLD and fibrosis. S217879, a next generation NRF2 activator has been recently shown to trigger diet-induced steatohepatitis resolution and to reduce established fibrosis in rodents. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of S217879 in human MAFLD and its underlying mechanisms using the relevant experimental 3D model of patient-derived precision cut liver slices (PCLS). Methods We treated PCLS from 12 patients with varying stages of MAFLD with S217879 or elafibranor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]α/δ agonist used as a referent molecule) for 2 days. Safety and efficacy profiles, steatosis, liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed as well as mechanisms involved in MAFLD pathophysiology, namely antioxidant response, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Results Neither elafibranor nor S217879 had toxic effects at the tested concentrations on human PCLS with MAFLD. PPARα/δ and NRF2 target genes (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 [PDK4], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1], heme oxygenase 1 [HMOX1], respectively) were strongly upregulated in PCLS in response to elafibranor and S217879, respectively. Compared with untreated PCLS, elafibranor and S217879-treated slices displayed lower triglycerides and reduced inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 [CCL2]). Additional inflammatory markers (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 [CCL5], stimulator of interferon genes [STING], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were downregulated by S217879. S217879 but not elafibranor lowered DNA damage (phospho-Histone H2A.X [p-H2A.X], RAD51, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 [XRCC1]) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and inhibited fibrogenesis markers expression (alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], collagen 1 alpha 1 [COL1A1], collagen 1 alpha 2 [COL1A2]). Such effects were mediated through an improvement of lipid metabolism, activated antioxidant response and enhanced autophagy, without effect on endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Conclusions This study highlights the therapeutic potential of a new NRF2 activator for MAFLD using patient-derived PCLS supporting the evaluation of NRF2 activating strategies in clinical trials. Impact and implications Oxidative stress is a major driver of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development and progression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, the master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of MAFLD. This study demonstrates that S217879, a new potent and selective nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator, displays antisteatotic effects, lowers DNA damage, apoptosis, and inflammation and inhibits fibrogenesis in human PCLS in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Samira Laouirem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Colnot
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Angélique Brzustowski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - the QUID-NASH Research Group
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
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Pioltine EM, Costa CB, Franchi FF, dos Santos PH, Nogueira MFG. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Supplementation in In Vitro Culture of Indicine Bovine Embryos: Molecular and Cellular Effects on the In Vitro Cryotolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14060. [PMID: 37762363 PMCID: PMC10531190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryo development, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as an important site for protein biosynthesis; however, in vitro culture (IVC) can negatively affect ER homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, in the IVC of bovine embryos. Two experiments were carried out: Exp. 1: an evaluation of blastocyst rate, hatching kinetics, and gene expression of hatched embryos after being treated with different concentrations of TUDCA (50, 200, or 1000 μM) in the IVC; Exp. 2: an evaluation of the re-expansion, hatching, and gene expression of hatched embryos previously treated with 200 µM of TUDCA at IVC and submitted to vitrification. There was no increase in the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates treated with TUDCA in the IVC. However, embryos submitted to vitrification after treatment with 200 µM of TUDCA underwent an increased hatching rate post-warming together with a down-regulation in the expression of ER stress-related genes and the accumulation of lipids. In conclusion, this work showed that the addition of TUDCA during in vitro culture can improve the cryotolerance of the bovine blastocyst through the putative modulation of ER and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mariano Pioltine
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Bortoliero Costa
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Embryonic Micromanipulation, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fagali Franchi
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Helena dos Santos
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Embryonic Micromanipulation, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil
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Xu F, Ziebarth JD, Goeminne LJ, Gao J, Williams EG, Quarles LD, Makowski L, Cui Y, Williams RW, Auwerx J, Lu L. Gene network based analysis identifies a coexpression module involved in regulating plasma lipids with high-fat diet response. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 119:109398. [PMID: 37302664 PMCID: PMC10896179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasma lipids are modulated by gene variants and many environmental factors, including diet-associated weight gain. However, understanding how these factors jointly interact to influence molecular networks that regulate plasma lipid levels is limited. Here, we took advantage of the BXD recombinant inbred family of mice to query weight gain as an environmental stressor on plasma lipids. Coexpression networks were examined in both nonobese and obese livers, and a network was identified that specifically responded to the obesogenic diet. This obesity-associated module was significantly associated with plasma lipid levels and enriched with genes known to have functions related to inflammation and lipid homeostasis. We identified key drivers of the module, including Cidec, Cidea, Pparg, Cd36, and Apoa4. The Pparg emerged as a potential master regulator of the module as it can directly target 19 of the top 30 hub genes. Importantly, activation of this module is causally linked to lipid metabolism in humans, as illustrated by correlation analysis and inverse-variance weighed Mendelian randomization. Our findings provide novel insights into gene-by-environment interactions for plasma lipid metabolism that may ultimately contribute to new biomarkers, better diagnostics, and improved approaches to prevent or treat dyslipidemia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jesse D Ziebarth
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ludger Je Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Leigh D Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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Molina-Gonzalez I, Holloway RK, Jiwaji Z, Dando O, Kent SA, Emelianova K, Lloyd AF, Forbes LH, Mahmood A, Skripuletz T, Gudi V, Febery JA, Johnson JA, Fowler JH, Kuhlmann T, Williams A, Chandran S, Stangel M, Howden AJM, Hardingham GE, Miron VE. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3372. [PMID: 37291151 PMCID: PMC10250470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed regeneration of myelin around neuronal axons following central nervous system damage contributes to nerve dysfunction and clinical decline in various neurological conditions, for which there is an unmet therapeutic demand. Here, we show that interaction between glial cells - astrocytes and mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes - is a determinant of remyelination. Using in vivo/ ex vivo/ in vitro rodent models, unbiased RNA sequencing, functional manipulation, and human brain lesion analyses, we discover that astrocytes support the survival of regenerating oligodendrocytes, via downregulation of the Nrf2 pathway associated with increased astrocytic cholesterol biosynthesis pathway activation. Remyelination fails following sustained astrocytic Nrf2 activation in focally-lesioned male mice yet is restored by either cholesterol biosynthesis/efflux stimulation, or Nrf2 inhibition using the existing therapeutic Luteolin. We identify that astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates remyelination, and reveal a drug strategy for central nervous system regeneration centred on targeting this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah A Kent
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Wellcome Trust Translational Neuroscience PhD programme, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie Emelianova
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amy F Lloyd
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lindsey H Forbes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ayisha Mahmood
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - James A Febery
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Waisman Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jill H Fowler
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, D-48129, Germany
| | - Anna Williams
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5UU, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research at St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Al-Hussan R, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Yahya MA. Phloretamide Prevent Hepatic and Pancreatic Damage in Diabetic Male Rats by Modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061456. [PMID: 36986192 PMCID: PMC10059022 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of phloretamide, a metabolite of phloretin, on liver damage and steatosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. Adult male rats were divided into two groups: control (nondiabetic) and STZ-treated rats, each of which was further treated orally with the vehicle phloretamide 100 mg or 200 mg. Treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Phloretamide, at both doses, significantly attenuated STZ-mediated pancreatic β-cell damage, reduced fasting glucose, and stimulated fasting insulin levels in STZ-treated rats. It also increased the levels of hexokinase, which coincided with a significant reduction in glucose-6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (PBP1) in the livers of these diabetic rats. Concomitantly, both doses of phloretamide reduced hepatic and serum levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL), serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and hepatic ballooning. Furthermore, they reduced levels of lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mRNA, and total and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, but increased mRNA levels, total and nuclear levels of Nrf2, as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the livers of diabetic rats. All of these effects were dose-dependent. In conclusion, phloretamide is a novel drug that could ameliorate DM-associated hepatic steatosis via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanisms of protection involve improving the β-cell structure and hepatic insulin action, suppressing hepatic NF-κB, and stimulating hepatic Nrf2.
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11
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Seedorf K, Weber C, Vinson C, Berger S, Vuillard LM, Kiss A, Creusot S, Broux O, Geant A, Ilic C, Lemaitre K, Richard J, Hammoutene A, Mahieux J, Martiny V, Durand D, Melchiore F, Nyerges M, Paradis V, Provost N, Duvivier V, Delerive P. Selective disruption of NRF2-KEAP1 interaction leads to NASH resolution and reduction of liver fibrosis in mice. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100651. [PMID: 36866391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Oxidative stress is recognized as a major driver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. The transcription factor NRF2 and its negative regulator KEAP1 are master regulators of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as detoxification, and thus appear to be attractive targets for the treatment of NASH. Methods Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography were used to design S217879 - a small molecule that could disrupt the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction. S217879 was highly characterized using various molecular and cellular assays. It was then evaluated in two different NASH-relevant preclinical models, namely the methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and diet-induced obesity NASH (DIO NASH) models. Results Molecular and cell-based assays confirmed that S217879 is a highly potent and selective NRF2 activator with marked anti-inflammatory properties, as shown in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In MCDD mice, S217879 treatment for 2 weeks led to a dose-dependent reduction in NAFLD activity score while significantly increasing liver Nqo1 mRNA levels, a specific NRF2 target engagement biomarker. In DIO NASH mice, S217879 treatment resulted in a significant improvement of established liver injury, with a clear reduction in both NAS and liver fibrosis. αSMA and Col1A1 staining, as well as quantification of liver hydroxyproline levels, confirmed the reduction in liver fibrosis in response to S217879. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed major alterations in the liver transcriptome in response to S217879, with activation of NRF2-dependent gene transcription and marked inhibition of key signaling pathways that drive disease progression. Conclusions These results highlight the potential of selective disruption of the NRF2-KEAP1 interaction for the treatment of NASH and liver fibrosis. Impact and implications We report the discovery of S217879 - a potent and selective NRF2 activator with good pharmacokinetic properties. By disrupting the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction, S217879 triggers the upregulation of the antioxidant response and the coordinated regulation of a wide spectrum of genes involved in NASH disease progression, leading ultimately to the reduction of both NASH and liver fibrosis progression in mice.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- HEC, hydroxyethyl cellulose
- HSCs, Hepatic Stellate Cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCDD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PSR, Picrosirius red
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- fibrosis
- hPBMCs, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- oxidative stress
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12
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Ameliorates Oxidative Stress Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs in HepG2 Cells. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11223143. [PMID: 36432871 PMCID: PMC9694780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lately, Spirulina platensis (SP), as an antioxidant, has exhibited high potency in the treatment of oxidative stress, diabetes, immune disorder, inflammatory stress, and bacterial and viral-related diseases. This study investigated the possible protective role of Spirulina platensis against ARV-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Human liver (HepG2) cells were treated with ARVs ((Lamivudine (3TC): 1.51 µg/mL, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): 0.3 µg/mL and Emtricitabine (FTC): 1.8 µg/mL)) for 96 h and thereafter treated with 1.5 µg/mL Spirulina platensis for 24 h. After the treatments, the gene and protein expressions of the antioxidant response pathway were determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blots. The results show that Spirulina platensis decreased the gene expressions of Akt (p < 0.0001) and eNOS (↓p < 0.0001) while, on the contrary, it increased the transcript levels of NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0021), Keap1 (↑p = 0.0002), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (↑p = 0.1432) in the HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the results show that Spirulina platensis also decreased the protein expressions of NRF-2 (↓p = 0.1226) and pNRF-2 (↓p = 0.0203). Interestingly, HAART-SP induced an NRF-2 pathway response through upregulating NRF-2 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001) mRNA expression. In addition, NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0085) and pNRF-2 (↑p < 0.0001) protein expression was upregulated in the HepG2 cells post-exposure to HAART-SP. The results, therefore, allude to the fact that Spirulina platensis has the potential to mitigate HAART-adverse drug reactions (HAART toxicity) through the activation of antioxidant response in HepG2 cells. We hereby recommend further studies on Spirulina platensis and HAART synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Medical Programme, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
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13
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Kang Y, Song Y, Luo Y, Song J, Li C, Yang S, Guo J, Yu J, Zhang X. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:25-36. [PMID: 36096356 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No approved effective therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently available. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) perform the functions such as inhibiting inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, regulating immunity, but it is not clear whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) exosomes protect against NASH through Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs exosomes on NASH through Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFHC) and methionine choline deficiency diet (MCD). Mice were treated with or without hUC-MSCs exosomes by tail intravenous injection. The liver histology, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were evaluated. HepG2 and AML12 cells were incubated with palmitic acid (PA) and MCD conditioned medium, respectively. Then the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSCs exosomes in steatotic cells was evaluated. To elucidate the signaling pathways, the Nrf2-specific blocker ML385 was applied to intervene in vitro. RESULTS In NASH models, hUC-MSCs exosomes attenuated steatosis in hepatocytes, altered the abnormal expression of lipid-related genes including SREBP-1c, PPAR-α, Fabp5, CPT1α, ACOX and FAS, suppressed the hepatic inflammatory responses by decreasing the expression of F4/80+ macrophages, CD11c+ macrophages as well as the content of TNF-α and IL-6. hUC-MSCs exosomes also inhibited oxidative stress by reducing the level of MDA, CYP2E1 and ROS, increasing the activity of SOD and GSH in hepatocytes. Notably, hUC-MSCs exosomes enhanced the protein ratio of p-Nrf2/Nrf2 and the protein expression of NQO-1. Moreover, in vitro, the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs exosomes on lipid deposition and ROS were reversed by ML385. Also, ML385 reduced the protein expression of p-Nrf2 and NQO-1 in vitro. CONCLUSION Nrf2/NQO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway may play a key role in the treatment of NASH by hUC-MSCs exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Shandong Qilu Cell Therapy Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Xia Y, Zhai X, Qiu Y, Lu X, Jiao Y. The Nrf2 in Obesity: A Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102067. [PMID: 36290791 PMCID: PMC9598341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become serious global health concerns recently and increasing work has been carried out to explicate the underlying mechanism of the disease development. The recognized correlations suggest oxidative stress and inflammation in expanding adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as its associated metabolic syndromes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance strongly correlates with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been described as a key modulator of antioxidant signaling, which regulates the transcription of various genes coding antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a pivotal target of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. However, its effects are controversial and even contradictory. This review aims to clarify the complicated interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and chronic inflammation in obesity. Elucidating the implications of Nrf2 modulation on obesity would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic approaches in obesity and its comorbidities.
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15
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Fang J, Wu Y, Gan C, Ruan S, He X, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu J, Sang C, Zeren D, Xiong T. Jia-ga-song-tang protection against alcoholic liver and intestinal damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981706. [PMID: 36225559 PMCID: PMC9549243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis play key roles in alcohol liver disease (ALD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-sensitive guarantor of cellular homeostasis. We investigated whether the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Jia-ga-song Tang (JGST) against ALD were associated with gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis. A predictive network depicting the relationship between Jia-Ga-Song-Tang (JGST) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was designed by Network pharmacology. Next, 5% v/v Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet was used to establish the ALD. JGST protected the liver damage, repaired the intestines to alleviate the Two-hit on the liver, and balanced the cellular homeostasis. It was manifested in repairing the liver and intestinal pathological structure, reducing serum ALT, AST, and liver TG, TC, MDA, CAT, and increasing liver GSH, and intestine GSH-Px. JGST mainly inhibited the liver mRNA levels of HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, FASN, and PPARα and activated the intestinal mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1, while inhibiting the liver protein levels of HO-1, NQO1. Furthermore, LPS and LBP in the plasma and the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, TGFβ1, CD14, and Myd88 were reduced after treatment to prove that JGST protects the liver from Two-hit. Ethanol was used to intervene in HepG2 and IEC-6 to establish an ALD cell model and treated by Germacrone, ML385, and TBHQ. repaired the intestinal barrier, and inhibited Nrf2 in IEC-6, but protect the HepG2 by activating Nrf2 to balance cellular homeostasis. Our results reinforce that JGST provides an effective protective method for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by regulating Gut-liver axis and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlian Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanlan Sang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
| | - Dawa Zeren
- Research Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
| | - Tianqin Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianqin Xiong, ; Chuanlan Sang, ; Dawa Zeren,
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16
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Li L, Zhu G, Fu G, Zha W, Li H. Metabolic Syndrome Ameliorated by 4-Methylesculetin by Reducing Hepatic Lipid Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10465. [PMID: 36142378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure during a long period and is characterized by adipose tissue disfunction and hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-methylesculetin (4-ME), a coumarin derivative, upon adipose microenvironment and hepatic steatosis in mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), and to explore potential mechanisms of its beneficial effect on metabolic disorders. HFD-fed mice displayed visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation, which was remarkably ameliorated by 4-ME treatment. Meanwhile, 4-ME ameliorated adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, hypoxia, and fibrosis in epididymal adipose tissue, thus improving the adipose tissue microenvironment. Furthermore, 4-ME reversed the increase in CD36, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and FASN, and the decrease in CPT-1A, PPAR-α, and Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in livers of HFD mice and in FFA-incubated hepatocytes. Moreover, the beneficial effects of 4-ME upon lipid deposition and the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism in FFA-induced LO2 cells were abolished by ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, indicating that Nrf2 is necessary for 4-ME to reduce hepatic lipid deposition. These findings suggested that 4-ME might be a potential lead compound candidate for preventing obesity and MAFLD.
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Petsouki E, Cabrera SNS, Heiss EH. AMPK and NRF2: Interactive players in the same team for cellular homeostasis? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:75-93. [PMID: 35918013 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
NRF2 (Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2) is a stress responsive transcription factor lending cells resilience against oxidative, xenobiotic, and also nutrient or proteotoxic insults. AMPK (AMP-activated kinase), considered as prime regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, not only tunes metabolism to provide the cell at any time with sufficient ATP or building blocks, but also controls redox balance and inflammation. Due to observed overlapping cellular responses upon AMPK or NRF2 activation and common stressors impinging on both AMPK and NRF2 signaling, it is plausible to assume that AMPK and NRF2 signaling may interdepend and cooperate to readjust cellular homeostasis. After a short introduction of the two players this narrative review paints the current picture on how AMPK and NRF2 signaling might interact on the molecular level, and highlights their possible crosstalk in selected examples of pathophysiology or bioactivity of drugs and phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shara Natalia Sosa Cabrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (VDS PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng ZY, Luo T. The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913883. [PMID: 35769384 PMCID: PMC9234462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, the effect of phytochemicals on signaling pathways involved in obesity were discussed on the basis of their chemical structure, suggesting molecular mechanisms for how phytochemicals may impact these signaling pathways. For example, compounds with an isothiocyanate group or an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group may interact with the TLR4 signaling pathway. Regarding Nrf2, we examine compounds possessing an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group which binds covalently with the cysteine thiols of Keap1. Additionally, phytochemical activation of PPARs, FTO and miRNAs were summarized. This information may be of value to better understand how specific phytochemicals interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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20
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Li X, Feng C, Sha H, Zhou T, Zou G, Liang H. Tandem Mass Tagging-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Damage to the Liver and Brain of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Exposed to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:589. [PMID: 35326239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture environments frequently experience hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation conditions, which have significant effects on hypoxia-sensitive fish populations. In this study, hepatic biochemical activity indices in serum and the content of major neurotransmitters in the brain were altered markedly after acute hypoxia and reoxygenation exposure in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Proteomics analysis of the liver showed that a number of immune-related and cytoskeletal organization-related proteins were downregulated, the ferroptosis pathway was activated, and several antioxidant molecules and detoxifying enzymes were upregulated. Proteomics analysis of the brain showed that somatostatin-1A (SST1A) was upregulated, dopamine-degrading enzyme catechol O methyltransferase (COMT) and ferritin, heavy subunit (FerH) were downregulated, and the levels of proteins involved in the nervous system were changed in different ways. In conclusion, these findings highlight that hypoxia–reoxygenation has potential adverse effects on growth, locomotion, immunity, and reproduction of silver carp, and represents a serious threat to liver and brain function, possibly via ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and cytoskeleton destruction in the liver, and abnormal expression of susceptibility genes for neurodegenerative disorders in the brain. Our present findings provide clues to the mechanisms of hypoxia and reoxygenation damage in the brain and liver of hypoxia-sensitive fish. They could also be used to develop methods to reduce hypoxia or reoxygenation injury to fish.
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Hou Y, Zhang X, Sun X, Qin Q, Chen D, Jia M, Chen Y. Genetically modified rabbit models for cardiovascular medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174890. [PMID: 35300995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) rabbits are outstanding animal models for studying human genetic and acquired diseases. As such, GM rabbits that express human genes have been extensively used as models of cardiovascular disease. Rabbits are genetically modified via prokaryotic microinjection. Through this process, genes are randomly integrated into the rabbit genome. Moreover, gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells is a powerful tool for understanding gene function. However, rabbits lack stable ES cell lines. Therefore, ES-dependent gene targeting is not possible in rabbits. Nevertheless, the RNA interference technique is rapidly becoming a useful experimental tool that enables researchers to knock down specific gene expression, which leads to the genetic modification of rabbits. Recently, with the emergence of new genetic technology, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), major breakthroughs have been made in rabbit gene targeting. Using these novel genetic techniques, researchers have successfully modified knockout (KO) rabbit models. In this paper, we aimed to review the recent advances in GM technology in rabbits and highlight their application as models for cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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22
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Khanaghaei M, Ziamajidi N, Poorolajal J, Asadikaram G, Nikoyan P, Bajian M, Abbasalipourkabir R. The influence of gastric bypass surgery on the concentration of high mobility group box 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and the genes expression of high mobility group box 1, nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with morbid obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35107739 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is known as a disease with a chronic low-grade state of inflammation and high levels of oxidative stress. Given the challenges and consequences caused by obesity, obesity therapy is an essential subject to address. For sustainable weight loss, gastric bypass surgery is the most successful and essential option. METHODS This prospective cohort study was performed on 35 patients aged (18-54) with morbid obesity (BMI: 42.06 kg/m2). Volunteers blood was taken, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, high mobility group box 1(HMGB1), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and biochemical factors were determined one day before and 4 months after surgery. RESULTS Four months following surgery, the BMI, hip and waist circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) all decreased significantly. The lipid profile and antioxidant power were dramatically enhanced after surgery. IL-6 and TNF-α expression in PBMC patients showed a significant decrease after surgery. HMGB1 and Nrf2 expression in PBMC of postoperative patients decreased compared to before surgery, and HMGB1, and Nrf2 protein levels also decreased after surgery. CONCLUSION Weight loss indicated the significant function of adipose tissue in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Gastric bypass reduced the inflammation conditions and improved the metabolic status and living situations in the patients with morbid obesity.
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Mu F, Wang Y, Wu H, You Q, Zhang D. The myocardial infarction-associated transcript 2 inhibits lipid accumulation and promotes cholesterol efflux in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced THP-1-derived macrophages via inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and activating the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:407-417. [PMID: 34783297 PMCID: PMC8805865 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism of macrophages contributes to thrombosis and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) myocardial infarction-associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) has been reported to inhibit inflammation and lipid accumulation; therefore, this study intended to clarify whether Mirt2 served a role in lipid metabolism. THP-1-derived macrophages with or without Mirt2-knockdown or overexpression, were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), then cell migration, lipid accumulation, cholesterol efflux and inflammation were assessed using wound healing, oil red staining, commercial kits and western blot assays. Besides, ML385 was used to treat THP-1-derived macrophages to inhibit nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression. The expression of proteins involved in the above processes were measured by western blot. Results demonstrated that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly increased Mirt2 expression in THP-1 cells. Mirt2-knockdown enhanced ox-LDL-induced macrophage migration, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and inhibited cholesterol efflux. By contrast, Mirt2 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. Furthermore, Mirt2-knockdown inhibited NRF2 signaling and enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, while Mirt2 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. Finally, the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 significantly reversed the above effects of Mirt2. In summary, Mirt2 served an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in macrophages via inhibiting MAPK signaling and activating the NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingxia You
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kamisako T, Tanaka Y. Oltipraz ameliorates the progression of steatohepatitis in Nrf2-null mice fed a high-fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:147-153. [PMID: 35400824 PMCID: PMC8921722 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oltipraz, a synthetic dithiolethione, has chemopreventive effect through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Nrf2 is known to be involved in the development of experimental steatohepatitis in rodents. In this study, to evaluate the effect of oltipraz on lipid and bile acid metabolism, wild-type and Nrf2-null mice were fed the standard diet (containing 4% soybean oil) with or without oltipraz. Based on these results, we examined the effect of oltipraz on the experimental steatohepatitis in high-fat diet (containing 4% soybean oil and 20% lard) fed Nrf2-null mice. Oltipraz induced hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, carnitine palmityl transferase 1, and bile salt export pump by Nrf2 independent mechanisms. In Nrf2-null mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, moderate to severe inflammation and fibrosis were observed. Oral administration of oltipraz suppressed the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in Nrf2-null mouse liver fed a high-fat diet. These histopathological findings approximately corresponded to the data of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, Timp-1, and collagen type 1α1. These results indicated that oltipraz administration ameliorated liver injury by Nrf2 independent manner in a model of steatohepatitis generated by Nrf2-null mice with high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kindai University Hospital
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25
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Cheng X, Tu P, Dong W, Yu B, Xia S, Muskat MN, Guan B. Electrophilic thymol isobutyrate from Inula nervosa Wall. (Xiaoheiyao) ameliorates steatosis in HepG2 cells via Nrf2 activation. J Funct Foods 2022; 88:104895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Tsai SF, Hung HC, Shih MMC, Chang FC, Chung BC, Wang CY, Lin YL, Kuo YM. High-fat diet-induced increases in glucocorticoids contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22130. [PMID: 34959259 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have produced a strain of transgenic mice (termed L/L mice) that have normal levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT), the major type of GCs in rodents, but unlike wild-type (WT) mice, their circulating CORT was not affected by HFD. Compared to WT mice, 12-week HFD-induced fatty liver was less pronounced with higher plasma levels of triglycerides in L/L mice. These changes were reversed by CORT supplement to L/L mice. By analyzing a sort of lipid metabolism-related proteins, we found that expressions of the hepatic cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) were upregulated by HFD-induced CORT and involved in CORT-mediated fatty liver. Dexamethasone, an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), upregulated expressions of CD36 in HepG2 hepatocytes and facilitated lipid accumulation in the cells. In conclusion, the fat ingestion-induced release of CORT contributes to NAFLD. This study highlights the pathogenic role of CORT-mediated upregulation of hepatic CD 36 in diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Le Y, Ji Y, Yarde S, Yu X, Cheng X. Activation of activator protein-1-fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling attenuates Cisplatin hepatotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2021;:114823. [PMID: 34748822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf/FGF) 21, which plays important roles in sugar, lipid and energy metabolism, has been accepted as a mito-stress marker gene. We recently reported that FGF21 expression can be up-regulated via activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and that FGF21 plays important cytoprotective roles. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. Numerous adverse effects including hepatotoxicity have been noted during CDDP therapy. It is known that CDDP can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. The studies were designed to determine the regulation of Fgf/FGF21 expression by CDDP, and to characterize the underlying mechanisms of its regulation, as well as to determine the impact of gain or loss of Fgf/FGF21 function on the progression of CDDP hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that CDDP and phorbol ester induced mRNA and protein expression of Fgf/FGF21 and β-Klotho, two essential components of Fgf21 signaling, in mouse livers and cultured mouse/human hepatocytes. Luciferase reporter assays and ChIP-qPCR assays demonstrated that the cJun-AP-1 activation is responsible for CDDP- and phorbol ester-induced Fgf/FGF21 expression. Such induction is abolished after cotreated with AP-1 inhibitor SR11302. In addition, CDDP produces more severe liver injury in Fgf21-null than wild-type mice. Pre-treatment of GR activator dexamethasone or AhR activator β-Naphthoflavone, both of which can induce Fgf21 expression, attenuated CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, Fgf/FGF21-β-Klotho signaling can be activated via AP-1 activation. Gain of Fgf/FGF21 function attenuates the progression of CDDP hepatotoxicity, which may be considered clinically to improve CDDP therapy.
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Chang SH, Lee JS, Yun UJ, Park KW. A Role of Stress Sensor Nrf2 in Stimulating Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1196. [PMID: 34572382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cold stress, thermogenic adipocytes generate heat through uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis. Recent discovery of various dietary phytochemicals, endogenous metabolites, synthetic compounds, and their molecular targets for stimulating thermogenesis has provided promising strategies to treat or prevent obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress response protein that plays an important role in obesity and metabolisms. However, both Nrf2 activation and Nrf2 inhibition can suppress obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we summarized and discussed conflicting findings of Nrf2 activities accounting for part of the variance in thermogenesis and energy metabolism. We also discussed the utility of Nrf2-activating mechanisms for their potential applications in stimulating energy expenditure to prevent obesity and improve metabolic deficits.
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Chen H, Zhang H, Xie H, Zheng J, Lin M, Chen J, Tong Y, Jin J, Xu K, Yang J, Sun C, Xu X, Zheng J. Maternal, umbilical arterial metabolic levels and placental Nrf2/CBR1 expression in pregnancies with and without 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:807-813. [PMID: 34232092 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1942451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this case-control study was to document maternal, umbilical arterial metabolic levels and correlations in pregnancies with and without 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency, while, also investigating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) in the placenta. METHODS One hundred participants, 50 deficient for 25(OH)D and 50 normal, were recruited from among hospitalized single-term pregnant women who had elected for cesarean section. Umbilical arterial and placental samples were collected during cesarean section. Metabolic levels were assessed for the 25(OH)D deficiency and control groups' maternal, umbilical arterial samples. Nrf2 and CBR1 expression levels were investigated in the placentas of 12 pregnant women with 25(OH)D deficiency and 12 controls. RESULTS Compared with the control participants, the 25(OH)D deficient women had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (3.80 ± 2.11 vs. 2.93 ± 1.16 mmol/L, 3.64 ± 1.84 vs. 2.81 ± 1.16 mmol/L, p < .01, .001); lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (1.54 ± 0.32 vs. 1.82 ± 0.63 mmol/L, 1.41 ± 0.72 vs. 2.44 ± 1.68 mmol/L, p < .001, .01) in both material blood and the umbilical artery. In addition, Nrf2 and CBR1 expression levels were lower in the maternal 25(OH)D deficient placenta. CONCLUSION 25(OH)D deficient pregnant women have higher TG levels and lower HDL-C levels in both material blood and the umbilical artery. TG level is negatively correlated with 25(OH)D in both the maternal serum and infant umbilical artery. 25(OH)D deficiency also lowers placental expression of Nrf2 and CBR1. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiayong Zheng
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Meimei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqiong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
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Fang W, Chen Q, Cui K, Chen Q, Li X, Xu N, Mai K, Ai Q. Lipid overload impairs hepatic VLDL secretion via oxidative stress-mediated PKCδ-HNF4α-MTP pathway in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:213-225. [PMID: 34116177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid overload-induced hepatic steatosis is a major public health problem worldwide. However, the potential molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we found that high-fat diet (HFD) or oleic acid (OA) treatment induced oxidative stress which prevented the entry of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) into the nucleus by activating protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) in vivo and in vitro in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). This reduced the level of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) transcription, resulting in the impaired secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the abnormal accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in hepatocytes. Meanwhile, the detrimental effects induced by lipid overload could be partly alleviated by pretreating hepatocytes with Go6983 (PKCδ inhibitor) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger). In conclusion, for the first time, we revealed that lipid overload impaired hepatic VLDL secretion via oxidative stress-mediated PKCδ-HNF4α-MTP pathway in fish. This study may provide critical insights into potential intervention strategies against lipid overload-induced hepatic steatosis of fish and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Hartwick Bjorkman S, Oliveira Pereira R. The Interplay Between Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Nrf2 Signaling in Cardiometabolic Health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:252-269. [PMID: 33599550 PMCID: PMC8262388 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are by-products of normal physiology that may disrupt cellular redox homeostasis on a regular basis. Nonetheless, failure to resolve sustained mitochondrial stress to mitigate high levels of mtROS might contribute to the etiology of numerous pathological conditions, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that moderate mitochondrial stress might result in the induction of different stress response pathways that ultimately improve the organism's ability to deal with subsequent stress, a process termed mitohormesis. mtROS have been shown to play a key role in regulating this adaptation. Critical Issue: mtROS regulate the convergence of different signaling pathways that, when disturbed, might impair cardiometabolic health. Conversely, mtROS seem to be required to mediate activation of prosurvival pathways, contributing to improved cardiometabolic fitness. In the present review, we will primarily focus on the role of mtROS in the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway and examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in coordinating the convergence of ER stress and oxidative stress signaling through activation of Nrf2 and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Future Directions: The mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic protection in response to mitochondrial stress have only started to be investigated. Integrated understanding of how mtROS and ER stress cooperatively promote activation of prosurvival pathways might shed mechanistic insight into the role of mitohormesis in mediating cardiometabolic protection and might inform future therapeutic avenues for the treatment of metabolic diseases contributing to CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 252-269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartwick Bjorkman
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Renata Oliveira Pereira
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Vanani AR, Kalantari H, Mahdavinia M, Rashno M, Khorsandi L, Khodayar MJ. Dimethyl fumarate reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and fat deposition by modulation of Nrf2, SREBP-1c and NF-κB signaling in HFD fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 283:119852. [PMID: 34332979 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs due to lipid metabolic disorders, which is associated with hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. There is no definitive drug treatment for this disease. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as one of the superior effective drugs that induces a transcription factor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on development of NAFLD in mice. The metabolic disturbance in High-fat diet (HFD)-treated animals was associated with hyperlipidemia, increased activity levels of hepatic enzymes in serum, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. DMF supplementation had anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-lipogenic and molecular compatibility effects induced by HFD in mice. In comparison to the HFD group, the DMF therapy could significantly suppress the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 c (SREBP-1c) gene and protein levels, as well as upregulate the Nrf2 gene and protein levels. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity was observed for the DMF by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) level. DMF reduces the development of NAFLD induced by HFD in mice through the modulation of transcription factors Nrf2, SREBP-1c and NF-κB. Thus, DMF can be considered as an effective candidate in the treatment of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Raesi Vanani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Morinaga H, Mohri Y, Grachtchouk M, Asakawa K, Matsumura H, Oshima M, Takayama N, Kato T, Nishimori Y, Sorimachi Y, Takubo K, Suganami T, Iwama A, Iwakura Y, Dlugosz AA, Nishimura EK. Obesity accelerates hair thinning by stem cell-centric converging mechanisms. Nature 2021; 595:266-271. [PMID: 34163066 PMCID: PMC9600322 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that predisposes individuals to many age-associated diseases, but its exact effects on organ dysfunction are largely unknown1. Hair follicles-mini-epithelial organs that grow hair-are miniaturized by ageing to cause hair loss through the depletion of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs)2. Here we report that obesity-induced stress, such as that induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), targets HFSCs to accelerate hair thinning. Chronological gene expression analysis revealed that HFD feeding for four consecutive days in young mice directed activated HFSCs towards epidermal keratinization by generating excess reactive oxygen species, but did not reduce the pool of HFSCs. Integrative analysis using stem cell fate tracing, epigenetics and reverse genetics showed that further feeding with an HFD subsequently induced lipid droplets and NF-κB activation within HFSCs via autocrine and/or paracrine IL-1R signalling. These integrated factors converge on the marked inhibition of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal transduction in HFSCs, thereby further depleting lipid-laden HFSCs through their aberrant differentiation and inducing hair follicle miniaturization and eventual hair loss. Conversely, transgenic or pharmacological activation of SHH rescued HFD-induced hair loss. These data collectively demonstrate that stem cell inflammatory signals induced by obesity robustly represses organ regeneration signals to accelerate the miniaturization of mini-organs, and suggests the importance of daily prevention of organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Marina Grachtchouk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Centre for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Andrzej A. Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emi K. Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Emi K. Nishimura.
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Abo El-Magd NF, El-Mesery M, El-Karef A, El-Shishtawy MM. Amelioration effect of black seed oil against high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13693. [PMID: 33719073 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease that represents a risk factor for number of diseases including diabetes, steatohepatitis, and cancer. Using safe natural compounds to ameliorate obesity and its related metabolic syndrome is an interesting spot for research. We investigated the regulatory role and the underlying mechanism of black seed oil (BSO) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats. The study included two models: the first one aimed to study the prophylactic effect of BSO (BSO administration for 10 weeks along with HFD) while the second one aimed to study the treatment role of BSO (BSO administration starting from the 10th week for 4 weeks along with HFD). BSO significantly decreased insulin resistance and body weight characteristics in both models. It also normalized lipid profile. Moreover, histopathological examination confirmed these results as BSO significantly decreased adipocyte size and hepatic lipid deposition. Besides, BSO alleviated HFD-induced oxidative stress as indicated by significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity and significant decrease in liver malondialdehyde. Moreover, BSO decreased significantly liver gluconeogenic enzymes mRNA expressions (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase) and increased significantly heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and insulin receptor mRNA expressions. In conclusion, BSO represents a natural therapy that has the ability to prevent and treat HFD-induced obesity in rats that may be mediated through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway's activation and insulin receptor expression's increase. To our best knowledge, this study represents a novel study that investigates the regulatory role of BSO on Nrf2 pathway in preventing and treating HFD-induced obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black seed oil is a natural available safe supplement, thus it can be used for prevention from obesity and even treatment of obesity and obesity related complications. Introducing of black seed oil in the treatment regimen of obese patients may be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F Abo El-Magd
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amro El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mohs A, Otto T, Schneider KM, Peltzer M, Boekschoten M, Holland CH, Hudert CA, Kalveram L, Wiegand S, Saez-Rodriguez J, Longerich T, Hengstler JG, Trautwein C. Hepatocyte-specific NRF2 activation controls fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis in steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:638-648. [PMID: 33342543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In chronic liver diseases, inflammation induces oxidative stress and thus may contribute to the progression of liver injury, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. The KEAP1/NRF2 axis is a major regulator of cellular redox balance. In the present study, we investigated whether the KEAP1/NRF2 system is involved in liver disease progression in humans and mice. METHODS The clinical relevance of oxidative stress was investigated by liver RNA sequencing in a well-characterized cohort of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 63) and correlated with histological and clinical parameters. For functional analysis, hepatocyte-specific Nemo knockout (NEMOΔhepa) mice were crossed with hepatocyte-specific Keap1 knockout (KEAP1Δhepa) mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of human liver sections showed increased oxidative stress and high NRF2 expression in patients with chronic liver disease. RNA sequencing of liver samples in a human pediatric NAFLD cohort revealed a significant increase of NRF2 activation correlating with the grade of inflammation, but not with the grade of steatosis, which could be confirmed in a second adult NASH cohort. In mice, microarray analysis revealed that Keap1 deletion induces NRF2 target genes involved in glutathione metabolism and xenobiotic stress (e.g., Nqo1). Furthermore, deficiency of one of the most important antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), in NEMOΔhepa livers was rescued after deleting Keap1. As a consequence, NEMOΔhepa/KEAP1Δhepa livers showed reduced apoptosis compared to NEMOΔhepa livers as well as a dramatic downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. Consequently, NEMOΔhepa/KEAP1Δhepa compared to NEMOΔhepa livers displayed decreased fibrogenesis, lower tumor incidence, reduced tumor number, and decreased tumor size. CONCLUSIONS NRF2 activation in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis correlates with the grade of inflammation, but not steatosis. Functional analysis in mice demonstrated that NRF2 activation in chronic liver disease is protective by ameliorating fibrogenesis, initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. LAY SUMMARY The KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1)/NRF2 (erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis has a major role in regulating cellular redox balance. Herein, we show that NRF2 activity correlates with the grade of inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Functional studies in mice actually show that NRF2 activation, resulting from KEAP1 deletion, protects against fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Mohs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mona Peltzer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, University Wageningen, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian H Holland
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian A Hudert
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Kalveram
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Wu Z, Geng Y, Moshage H. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020174. [PMID: 33530432 PMCID: PMC7911109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of inflammatory chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic impairment of lipid metabolism is closely related to alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, which affect metabolism-related organelles, leading to cellular lipotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased OxS also triggers hepatocytes stress pathways, leading to inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The antioxidant response, regulated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key component in this process and counteracts oxidative stress-induced damage, contributing to the restoration of normal lipid metabolism. Therefore, modulation of the antioxidant response emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. This review highlights the link between disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NAFLD. In addition, emerging potential therapies based on antioxidant effects and their likely molecular targets are discussed.
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Jiang X, Li Y, Wang W, Han X, Han J, Chen M, Zhang J, Wang C, Li S, Luo J, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu Y, Cheng J, Si S. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 Activator JC-5411 Inhibits Atherosclerosis Through Suppression of Inflammation and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:532568. [PMID: 33442380 PMCID: PMC7797784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.532568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate is widely present in cruciferous vegetables with multiple biological effects. Here we reported the antiatherogenic effects and the underlying mechanisms of JC-5411 (Phenethyl isothiocyanate formulation) in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay showed that JC-5411 increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE). JC-5411 treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target gene hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) in liver of apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Importantly, JC-5411 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in both en face aorta and aortic sinus when compared with model group in WD induced ApoE−/− mice. JC-5411 obviously decreased proinflammatory factors’ levels in serum of ApoE−/− mice, LPS stimulated macrophages and TNFα induced endothelial cells, respectively. JC-5411 significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in both serum and liver of ApoE−/− mice and hyperlipidemic golden hamsters. Mechanism studies showed that JC-5411 exerted anti-inflammatory effect through activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. JC-5411 exerted regulating lipid metabolism effect through increasing cholesterol transfer proteins (ABCA1 and LDLR) expression, regulating fatty acids synthesis related genes (p-ACC, SCD1 and FAS), and increasing fatty acids β-oxidation (CPT1A) in vivo. Furthermore, JC-5411 treatment had a favorable antioxidant effect in ApoE−/− mice by increasing the antioxidant related genes expression. Taken together, we conclude that JC-5411 as a Nrf2 activator has anti-inflammatory, rebalancing lipid metabolism, and antioxidant effects, which makes it as a potential therapeutic agent against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chenyin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jinque Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
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Zhao S, Song T, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Cao S, Miao Q, Zhang X, Chen H, Gao Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Wang H, Pu J, Xie L, Ji Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Liver Injury Through the S-Sulfhydrated-Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Pathway. Hepatology 2021; 73:282-302. [PMID: 32219872 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Protein S-sulfhydration mediated by H2 S has been shown to play important roles in several diseases. However, its precise role in liver disease and the related mechanism remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We showed that in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated and high-fat diet (HFD)-treated low-density lipoprotein receptor-negative (LDLr-/- ) mice, the H2 S donor GYY4137 ameliorated liver injury, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, mitigated lipid deposition, and reduced hepatocyte death. Strikingly, S-sulfhydration of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) was decreased in the livers of patients with fatty liver under diabetic conditions. In STZ+HFD-treated LDLr-/- mice and in high glucose-treated and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated primary mouse hepatocytes, the GYY4137-mediated increase in Keap1 S-sulfhydration induced nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dissociation from Keap1, which enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 itself and the consequent expression of antioxidant proteins. Keap1 Cys151 mutation significantly reduced Keap1 S-sulfhydration and abolished the hepatoprotective effects of H2 S both in vivo and in vitro. Nrf2 deficiency inhibited the H2 S-induced beneficial impacts in Nrf2-/- mice. Similarly, in CCl4 -stimulated mice, GYY4137 increased Keap1 S-sulfhydration, improved liver function, alleviated liver fibrosis, decreased hepatic oxidative stress, and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway; and these effects were abrogated after Keap1 Cys151 mutation. Moreover, H2 S increased the binding of Nrf2 to the promoter region of LDLr-related protein 1 (Lrp1) and consequently up-regulated LRP1 expression, but these effects were disrupted by Keap1 Cys151 mutation. CONCLUSIONS H2 S-mediated Keap1 S-sulfhydration alleviates liver damage through activation of Nrf2. Hence, administration of exogenous H2 S in the form of the H2 S donor GYY4137 may be of therapeutic benefit in the context of concurrent hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia-induced or CCl4 -stimulated liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jamali N, Kazemi A, Saffari-chaleshtori J, Samare-najaf M, Mohammadi V, Clark CC. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 55:102571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Nakano H, Wu S, Sakao K, Hara T, He J, Garcia S, Shetty K, Hou DX. Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113252. [PMID: 33114130 PMCID: PMC7690841 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome closely linked to dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Bilberry anthocyanins (BA) have been reported to have preventive effects against metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of BA in a Western diet (WD)-induced mouse model. The results revealed that supplementation with BA attenuated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fat content in liver, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) caused by WD. Furthermore, gut microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that BA reduced remarkably the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and modified gut microbiome. In particular, BA increased the relative abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Parabacteroides. Taken together, our data demonstrated that BA might ameliorate WD-induced NAFLD by attenuating dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Nakano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Shusong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Kozue Sakao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Santos Garcia
- Fac. C. Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas 66451, Mexico;
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-8649
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Lettieri-Barbato D, Minopoli G, Caggiano R, Izzo R, Santillo M, Aquilano K, Faraonio R. Fasting Drives Nrf2-Related Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7780. [PMID: 33096672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A common metabolic condition for living organisms is starvation/fasting, a state that could play systemic-beneficial roles. Complex adaptive responses are activated during fasting to help the organism to maintain energy homeostasis and avoid nutrient stress. Metabolic rearrangements during fasting cause mild oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls adaptive responses and remains the major regulator of quenching mechanisms underlying different types of stress. Here, we demonstrate a positive role of fasting as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. These events are associated with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde, a well-known by-product of lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that fasting could be a valuable approach to boost the adaptive anti-oxidant responses in skeletal muscle.
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Wilkinson ML, Abramova E, Guo C, Gow JG, Murray A, Koudelka A, Cechova V, Freeman BA, Gow AJ. Fatty acid nitroalkenes inhibit the inflammatory response to bleomycin-mediated lung injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 407:115236. [PMID: 32931793 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkenes are reversibly-reactive electrophiles, endogenously detectable at nM concentrations, displaying anti-inflammatory actions. Nitroalkenes like 9- or 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid (e.g. nitro-oleic acid, OA-NO2) pleiotropically suppress cardiovascular inflammatory responses, with pulmonary responses less well defined. C57BL/6 J male mice were intratracheally administered bleomycin (3 U/kg, ITB), to induce pulmonary inflammation and acute injury, or saline and were treated with 50 μL OA-NO2 (50 μg) or vehicle in the same instillation and 72 h post-exposure to assess anti-inflammatory properties. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected 7d later. ITB mice lost body weight, with OA-NO2 mitigating this loss (-2.3 ± 0.94 vs -0.4 ± 0.83 g). Histology revealed ITB induced cellular infiltration, proteinaceous debris deposition, and tissue injury, all significantly reduced by OA-NO2. Flow cytometry analysis of BAL demonstrated loss of Siglec F+/F4/80+/CD45+ alveolar macrophages with ITB (89 ± 3.5 vs 30 ± 3.7%). Analysis of CD11b/CD11c expressing cells showed ITB-induced non-resident macrophage infiltration (4 ± 2.3 vs 43 ± 2.4%) was decreased by OA-NO2 (24 ± 2.4%). Additionally, OA-NO2 attenuated increases in mature, activated interstitial macrophages (23 ± 4.8 vs. 43 ± 5.4%) in lung tissue digests. Flow analysis of CD31-/CD45-/Sca-1+ mesenchymal cells revealed ITB increased CD44+ populations (1 ± 0.4 vs 4 ± 0.4MFI), significantly reduced by OA-NO2 (3 ± 0.4MFI). Single cell analysis of mesenchymal cells by western blotting showed profibrotic ZEB1 protein expression induced by ITB. Lung digest CD45+ cells revealed ITB increased HMGB1+ cells, with OA-NO2 suppressing this response. Inhibition of HMGB1 expression correlated with increased basal phospholipid production and SP-B expression in the lung lining. These findings indicate OA-NO2 inhibits ITB-induced pro-inflammatory responses by modulating resident cell function.
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Reisman SA, Ferguson DA, Lee CI, Proksch JW. Omaveloxolone and TX63682 are hepatoprotective in the STAM mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22526. [PMID: 32410268 PMCID: PMC9285621 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Omaveloxolone is a potent activator of Nrf2, a master transcriptional regulator of a multitude of cytoprotective functions, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial bioenergetic effects. Some of the most potent known effects of Nrf2 involve hepatoprotective functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of omaveloxolone and TX63682, a closely related structural analog with similar oral bioavailability, in the STAM mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). C57Bl/6 mice received a single subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin two days after birth and were fed a high-fat diet from 4 to 9 weeks of age. Omaveloxolone and TX63682 were orally administered at doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/d from 6 to 9 weeks of age. Consistent with the beneficial effects of Nrf2 on hepatoprotection and improved lipid handling, both omaveloxolone and TX63682 decreased hepatic fat deposition, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition. Omaveloxolone and TX63682 also improved blood glucose control, as evidenced by reductions in nonfasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1C concentrations. Reductions in liver and serum triglycerides with omaveloxolone and TX63682 treatment were also observed. Both omaveloxolone and TX63682 decreased leptin and increased adiponectin in serum, which is consistent with the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects observed in the liver. These results were associated with significant induction of Nrf2 target gene expression in the liver, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, sulfiredoxin 1, and ferritin heavy chain 1. Overall, these data suggest that omaveloxolone and related Nrf2 activators may be useful for the treatment of NASH.
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Cardinault N, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Couturier C, Perrin E, Dalifard J, Seipelt E, Mounien L, Letullier C, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Delbah N, Georgé S, Landrier JF. Poplar Propolis Ethanolic Extract Reduces Body Weight Gain and Glucose Metabolism Disruption in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000275. [PMID: 32729164 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Current evidence supports the beneficial effect of polyphenols on the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. This is the case for propolis, a polyphenol-rich substance produced by bees. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a poplar propolis ethanolic extract (PPEE) on obesity and glucose homeostasis, and to unveil its putative molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Male high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice are administered PPEE for 12 weeks. PPEE supplementation reduces the HF-mediated adiposity index, adipocyte hypertrophy, and body weight gain. It also improves HOMA-IR and fasting glucose levels. Gene expression profiling of adipose tissue (AT) shows an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Interestingly, several Nrf2-target genes are induced in AT following administration of PPEE. The ability of PPEE to induce the expression of Nrf2-target genes is studied in adipocytes. PPEE is found to transactivate the Nrf2 response element and the Nrf2 DNA-binding, suggesting that part of the effect of PPEE can be mediated by Nrf2. CONCLUSION PPEE supplementation may represent an interesting preventive strategy to tackle the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Charlène Couturier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Estelle Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Claire Letullier
- Pollenergie, La Grabère, Saint Hilaire de Lusignan, 47450, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Naïma Delbah
- CTCPA, 449 Avenue Clément Ader, Avignon, 84911, France
| | | | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease that is prevalent worldwide, and its prevention by dietary administration has recently been considered as an important strategy. In this study, we administered mice with vine tea polyphenol (VTP) extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, a Chinese herb, to investigate the preventive effect on western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or WD with or without VTP for 12 weeks. The results revealed that VTP supplementation decreased the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and reduced the accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets caused by WD. Molecular data revealed that VTP enhanced fatty acid oxidation by reactivating the WD-suppressed phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinaseα (AMPKα) and the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPT1A) and cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a1 (CYP4A1). VTP inhibited hepatic lipogenesis by reducing the WD-enhanced level of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Moreover, VTP activated nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated expressions of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and reduced hepatic TBARS levels to prevent hepatic oxidative stress. On the other hand, VTP also increased intestinal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression and the relative abundance of gut Akkermansia, and reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Thus, VTP might prevent WD-induced NAFLD by balancing fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis, hepatic oxidative stress, and gut microbiome, at least. These results suggest that vine tea, containing a high content of the bioactive compound dihydromyricetin, is a potential food resource for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xie
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Zheng J, Liu X, Zheng B, Zheng Z, Zhang H, Zheng J, Sun C, Chen H, Yang J, Wang Z, Lin M, Chen J, Zhou Q, Zheng Z, Xu X, Ying H. Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency Promoted Metabolic Syndrome and Downregulated Nrf2/CBR1 Pathway in Offspring. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32184720 PMCID: PMC7058637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy use and storage, which is characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, and raised blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is known to cause metabolic changes, chronic disease, and increased adiposity in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism of induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the offspring in vitamin D deficient pregnant mothers remains unclear. We identified that maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency enhances oxidative stress, which leads to the development of MetS in the mother and her offspring. Further, immunohistochemical, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency inhibited the activation of the Nrf2/carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) pathway in maternal placenta, liver, and pancreas, as well as the offspring's liver and pancreas. Further analyses uncovered that application of 25-hydroxyvitamin D activated the Nrf2/CBR1 pathway, relieving the oxidative stress in BRL cells, suggesting that 25-hydroxyvitamin D regulates oxidative stress in offspring and induces the activation of the Nrf2/CBR1 pathway. Taken together, our study finds that maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is likely to result in offspring's MetS probably via abnormal nutrition transformation across placenta. Depression of the Nrf2/CBR1 pathway in both mothers and their offspring is one of the causes of oxidative stress leading to MetS. This study suggests that 25-hydroxyvitamin D treatment may relieve the offspring's MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zheng
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meimei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingdiao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, the Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang B, Wang J, Zhao G, Lin M, Lang Y, Zhang D, Feng D, Tu C. Apigenin protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:277-285. [PMID: 31953635 PMCID: PMC7058778 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, resulting in progressively expanding depigmented skin patches. Severity of the disorder, which affects approximately 1% of humans, may be mitigated using topical corticosteroids combined with phototherapy; along with other clinical strategies; however, no definitive cures are currently available. Here, the capacity of apigenin, a plant-derived aglycone, to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated melanocyte depletion in vitro using a PIG3V vitiligo perilesional melanocyte cell model is evaluated. PIG3V cells, treated with selected doses of apigenin, were challenged with H2O2, then assessed for viability and the oxidative stress-related parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream targets was detected using Western blotting. Outcomes demonstrated that compared with negative control cultures, apigenin-treated cells exhibited enhanced viability. Likewise, apigenin enhanced expression of the cellular anti-oxidants SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, but inhibited production of MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker. Interestingly, the expression and nuclear localization of the Nrf2 transcription factor, an important regulator oxidative stress and its downstream target genes, was significantly increased by apigenin treatment. Apigenin influence on Nrf2 was further validated by experiments demonstrating that Nrf2 knockdown cells failed to exhibit significant apigenin-mediated effects on cell viability and oxidative stress. Apigenin's non-toxicity and ability to affect multiple oxidative stress-related parameters through its effects on Nrf2 signaling in melanocytes suggests that it may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool in long-term management of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Division of Rheumatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Changle County People's Hospital, Changle, 262400, Shandong, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Yong Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, 261500, Shandong, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Dianqin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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48
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Sun X, Li X, Jia H, Wang H, Shui G, Qin Y, Shu X, Wang Y, Dong J, Liu G, Li X. Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes by Increasing Adipogenesis and Decreasing Lipolysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:173-192. [PMID: 31691574 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of cellular oxidative stress and is also involved in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. However, it remains unknown as to whether Nrf2 is the link between oxidative stress and the induction of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Results: Here, we show that oxidative stress is markedly increased in white adipose tissue from mice with high-fat diet-induced or genetically (ob/ob)-induced obesity and from human subjects with obesity. Notably, in response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression and activity were induced, further promoting lipid accumulation in adipocytes and exacerbating the development of obesity. In contrast, Nrf2 ablation alleviated oxidative stress-induced lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, oxidative stress promoted Nrf2 recruitment to the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 promoter, inducing target gene transcription and subsequent lipogenesis. In addition, Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress-inhibited lipolysis in adipocytes via the protein kinase A pathway. Innovation and Conclusion: Our data provide a novel insight that Nrf2, as a critical signaling node, links oxidative stress to the induction of fat accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglei Qin
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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49
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Teimouri M, Hosseini H, Shabani M, Koushki M, Noorbakhsh F, Meshkani R. Inhibiting miR-27a and miR-142-5p attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating Nrf2 signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:361-372. [PMID: 31889412 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gene Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) is the most important regulator of the cellular antioxidant system and its dysregulation has a role in the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Nrf2 targeted miRNAs (miR-27a, miR-142-5p, miR-153, and miR-128) with lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD. We used two in vivo and in vitro models of NAFLD. The expression of the genes and miRNAs was assessed by real-time PCR and the protein level was evaluated using western blot. To investigate the potential role of miRNAs in NAFLD, the inhibitors or mimics of the miR-27a and miR-142-5p were transfected into HepG2 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 were significantly decreased in the liver of high fat diet-fed mice as well as in HepG2 cells treated with high glucose (HG). Reduced expression of Nrf2 was associated with increased expression levels of miR-27a and miR-142-5p in both models of NAFLD. HG-induced triglyceride accumulation was attenuated by inhibition of miR-27a or miR-142-5p in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of miR-27a or miR-142-5p suppressed the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes and increased production of reactive oxygen species, whereas inhibition of miR-27a or miR-142-5p reversed these effects. In conclusion, the data of this study may suggest that miR-27a and miR-142-5p are increased in NAFLD, where they suppress Nrf2 expression and contribute to the accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Hosseini H, Teimouri M, Shabani M, Koushki M, Babaei Khorzoughi R, Namvarjah F, Izadi P, Meshkani R. Resveratrol alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through epigenetic modification of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 119:105667. [PMID: 31838177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have demonstrated the aberrant DNA methylation of the Nrf2-Keap1 genes in human cancers; however, the epigenetic control of this pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. Resveratrol can modify epigenetic mechanisms. Our objectives in this study were to explore the correlation between promoter methylation of the Nrf2-Keap1 genes and NAFLD, and that investigate the effect of resveratrol on the epigenetic regulation Nrf2-Keap1 in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD. Resveratrol attenuated high fat-diet (HFD)-induced methylation of the Nrf2 promoter in the liver of mice, and this effect was correlated with reduction in triglyceride level and decrease in the expression of lipogenesis-related genes such as FAS and SREBP-1c. In addition, treatment of HepG2 cells with high glucose (HG) enhanced methylation level of the Nrf2 promoter, whereas resveratrol reversed this effect. Treatment of the cells with resveratrol or 5-aza, a demethylating agent, could prevent HG-induced reactive oxygen species production and expression of Nrf2-controlled antioxidant genes. Moreover, resveratrol or 5-aza could significantly attenuate HG-induced triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that resveratrol attenuates NAFLD through the epigenetic modification the Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namvarjah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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