1
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. Plant Physiol 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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2
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Pichaco J, Manandhar A, McAdam SAM. Mechanical advantage makes stomatal opening speed a function of evaporative demand. Plant Physiol 2024; 195:370-377. [PMID: 38217870 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal opening in the light, observed in nearly all vascular land plants, is essential for providing access to atmospheric CO2 for photosynthesis. The speed of stomatal opening in the light is critical for maximizing carbon gain in environments in which light intensity changes, yet we have little understanding of how other environmental signals, particularly evaporative demand driven by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) influences the kinetics of this response. In angiosperms, and some fern species from the family Marsileaceae, a mechanical interaction between the guard cells and the epidermal cells determines the aperture of the pore. Here, we examine whether this mechanical interaction influences the speed of stomatal opening in the light. To test this, we investigated the speed of stomatal opening in response to light across a range of VPDs in seven plant species spanning the evolutionary diversity of guard cell and epidermal cell mechanical interactions. We found that stomatal opening speed is a function of evaporative demand in angiosperm species and Marsilea, which have guard cell and epidermal cell mechanical interactions. Stomatal opening speeds did not change across a range of VPD in species of gymnosperm and fern, which do not have guard cell mechanical interactions with the epidermis. We find that guard cell and epidermal cell mechanical interactions may play a key role in regulating stomatal responsiveness to light. These results provide valuable insight into the adaptive relevance of mechanical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pichaco
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anju Manandhar
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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3
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Akter S, Castaneda-Méndez O, Beltrán J. Synthetic reprogramming of plant developmental and biochemical pathways. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103139. [PMID: 38691988 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology (Plant SynBio) is an emerging field with the potential to enhance agriculture, human health, and sustainability. Integrating genetic tools and engineering principles, Plant SynBio aims to manipulate cellular functions and construct novel biochemical pathways to develop plants with new phenotypic traits, enhanced yield, and be able to produce natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review compiles research efforts in reprogramming plant developmental and biochemical pathways. We highlight studies leveraging new gene expression toolkits to alter plant architecture for improved performance in model and crop systems and to produce useful metabolites in plant tissues. Furthermore, we provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of Plant SynBio in addressing complex issues impacting agriculture and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammi Akter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Oscar Castaneda-Méndez
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jesús Beltrán
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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4
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Tansley C, Patron NJ, Guiziou S. Engineering Plant Cell Fates and Functions for Agriculture and Industry. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:998-1005. [PMID: 38573786 PMCID: PMC11036505 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Many plant species are grown to enable access to specific organs or tissues, such as seeds, fruits, or stems. In some cases, a value is associated with a molecule that accumulates in a single type of cell. Domestication and subsequent breeding have often increased the yields of these target products by increasing the size, number, and quality of harvested organs and tissues but also via changes to overall plant growth architecture to suit large-scale cultivation. Many of the mutations that underlie these changes have been identified in key regulators of cellular identity and function. As key determinants of yield, these regulators are key targets for synthetic biology approaches to engineer new forms and functions. However, our understanding of many plant developmental programs and cell-type specific functions is still incomplete. In this Perspective, we discuss how advances in cellular genomics together with synthetic biology tools such as biosensors and DNA-recording devices are advancing our understanding of cell-specific programs and cell fates. We then discuss advances and emerging opportunities for cell-type-specific engineering to optimize plant morphology, responses to the environment, and the production of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Tansley
- Engineering
Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ United Kingdom
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA United
Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Patron
- Engineering
Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ United Kingdom
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA United
Kingdom
| | - Sarah Guiziou
- Engineering
Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ United Kingdom
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5
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Rui M, Chen R, Jing Y, Wu F, Chen ZH, Tissue D, Jiang H, Wang Y. Guard cell and subsidiary cell sizes are key determinants for stomatal kinetics and drought adaptation in cereal crops. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38622763 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-induced drought is a major threat to agriculture. C4 crops have a higher water use efficiency (WUE) and better adaptability to drought than C3 crops due to their smaller stomatal morphology and faster response. However, our understanding of stomatal behaviours in both C3 and C4 Poaceae crops is limited by knowledge gaps in physical traits of guard cell (GC) and subsidiary cell (SC). We employed infrared gas exchange analysis and a stomatal assay to explore the relationship between GC/SC sizes and stomatal kinetics across diverse drought conditions in two C3 (wheat and barley) and three C4 (maize, sorghum and foxtail millet) upland Poaceae crops. Through statistical analyses, we proposed a GCSC-τ model to demonstrate how morphological differences affect stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops. Our findings reveal that morphological variations specifically correlate with stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops, but not in C3 ones. Subsequent modelling and experimental validation provide further evidence that GC/SC sizes significantly impact stomatal kinetics, which affects stomatal responses to different drought conditions and thereby WUE in C4 Poaceae crops. These findings emphasize the crucial advantage of GC/SC morphological characteristics and stomatal kinetics for the drought adaptability of C4 Poaceae crops, highlighting their potential as future climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongjia Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Jing
- BGI-Sanya, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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6
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Li J, Liu X, Chang S, Chu W, Lin J, Zhou H, Hu Z, Zhang M, Xin M, Yao Y, Guo W, Xie X, Peng H, Ni Z, Sun Q, Long Y, Hu Z. The potassium transporter TaNHX2 interacts with TaGAD1 to promote drought tolerance via modulating stomatal aperture in wheat. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk4027. [PMID: 38608020 PMCID: PMC11014451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major global challenge in agriculture that decreases crop production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) interfaces with drought stress in plants; however, a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between GABA accumulation and drought response remains to be established. Here we showed the potassium/proton exchanger TaNHX2 functions as a positive regulator in drought resistance in wheat by mediating cross-talk between the stomatal aperture and GABA accumulation. TaNHX2 interacted with glutamate decarboxylase TaGAD1, a key enzyme that synthesizes GABA from glutamate. Furthermore, TaNHX2 targeted the C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain of TaGAD1, enhanced its activity, and promoted GABA accumulation under drought stress. Consistent with this, the tanhx2 and tagad1 mutants showed reduced drought tolerance, and transgenic wheat with enhanced TaNHX2 expression had a yield advantage under water deficit without growth penalty. These results shed light on the plant stomatal movement mechanism under drought stress and the TaNHX2-TaGAD1 module may be harnessed for amelioration of negative environmental effects in wheat as well as other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shumin Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingchen Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhuoran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mancang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- International Joint Center for the Mechanismic Dissection and Genetic Improvement of Crop Stress Tolerance, College of Agriculture & Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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7
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Yoshiyama Y, Wakabayashi Y, Mercer KL, Kawabata S, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi T, Yamori W. Natural genetic variation in dynamic photosynthesis is correlated with stomatal anatomical traits in diverse tomato species across geographical habitats. J Exp Bot 2024:erae082. [PMID: 38606772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants grown under field conditions experience fluctuating light. Understanding the natural genetic variations for a similarly dynamic photosynthetic response among untapped germplasm resources, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may offer breeding strategies to improve production using molecular approaches. Here, we measured gas exchange under fluctuating light, along with stomatal density and size, in eight wild tomato species and two tomato cultivars. The photosynthetic induction response showed significant diversity, with some wild species having faster induction rates than the two cultivars. Species with faster photosynthetic induction rates had higher daily integrated photosynthesis, but lower average water use efficiency because of high stomatal conductance under natural fluctuating light. The variation in photosynthetic induction was closely associated with the speed of stomatal responses, highlighting its critical role in maximizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. Moreover, stomatal size was negatively correlated with stomatal density within a species, and plants with smaller stomata at a higher density had a quicker photosynthetic response than those with larger stomata at lower density. Our findings show that the response of stomatal conductance plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic induction, with smaller stomata at higher density proving advantageous for photosynthesis under fluctuating light in tomato species. The interspecific variation in the rate of stomatal responses could offer an untapped resource for optimizing dynamic photosynthetic responses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yoshiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tabuchi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Wang Q, Cang X, Yan H, Zhang Z, Li W, He J, Zhang M, Lou L, Wang R, Chang M. Activating plant immunity: the hidden dance of intracellular Ca 2+ stores. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38586981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) serves as a versatile and conserved second messenger in orchestrating immune responses. In plants, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+-permeable channels can be activated to induce Ca2+ influx from extracellular space to cytosol upon pathogen infection. Notably, different immune elicitors can induce dynamic Ca2+ signatures in the cytosol. During pattern-triggered immunity, there is a rapid and transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+, whereas in effector-triggered immunity, the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is strong and sustained. Numerous Ca2+ sensors are localized in the cytosol or different intracellular organelles, which are responsible for detecting and converting Ca2+ signals. In fact, Ca2+ signaling coordinated by cytosol and subcellular compartments plays a crucial role in activating plant immune responses. However, the complete Ca2+ signaling network in plant cells is still largely ambiguous. This review offers a comprehensive insight into the collaborative role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in shaping the Ca2+ signaling network during plant immunity, and several intriguing questions for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiqiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zilu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyu He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Laiqing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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9
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Nguyen TH, Blatt MR. Surrounded by luxury: The necessities of subsidiary cells. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38436128 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of stomata marks one of the key advances that enabled plants to colonise dry land while allowing gas exchange for photosynthesis. In large measure, stomata retain a common design across species that incorporates paired guard cells with little variation in structure. By contrast, the cells of the stomatal complex immediately surrounding the guard cells vary widely in shape, size and count. Their origins in development are similarly diverse. Thus, the surrounding cells are likely a luxury that the necessity of stomatal control cannot do without (with apologies to Oscar Wilde). Surrounding cells are thought to support stomatal movements as solute reservoirs and to shape stomatal kinetics through backpressure on the guard cells. Their variety may also reflect a substantial diversity in function. Certainly modelling, kinetic analysis and the few electrophysiological studies to date give hints of much more complex contributions in stomatal physiology. Even so, our knowledge of the cells surrounding the guard cells in the stomatal complex is far from complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, School of Molecular Biosciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, School of Molecular Biosciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Lemonnier P, Lawson T. Calvin cycle and guard cell metabolism impact stomatal function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:59-70. [PMID: 36894379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs) determines CO2 uptake for photosynthesis (A) and water loss through transpiration, which is essential for evaporative cooling and maintenance of optimal leaf temperature as well as nutrient uptake. Stomata adjust their aperture to maintain an appropriate balance between CO2 uptake and water loss and are therefore critical to overall plant water status and productivity. Although there is considerable knowledge regarding guard cell (GC) osmoregulation (which drives differences in GC volume and therefore stomatal opening and closing), as well as the various signal transduction pathways that enable GCs to sense and respond to different environmental stimuli, little is known about the signals that coordinate mesophyll demands for CO2. Furthermore, chloroplasts are a key feature in GCs of many species, however, their role in stomatal function is unclear and a subject of debate. In this review we explore the current evidence regarding the role of these organelles in stomatal behaviour, including GC electron transport and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle activity as well as their possible involvement correlating gs and A along with other potential mesophyll signals. We also examine the roles of other GC metabolic processes in stomatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lemonnier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - T Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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11
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Zhang J, Chen X, Song Y, Gong Z. Integrative regulatory mechanisms of stomatal movements under changing climate. J Integr Plant Biol 2024; 66:368-393. [PMID: 38319001 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change-caused drought stress, high temperatures and other extreme weather profoundly impact plant growth and development, restricting sustainable crop production. To cope with various environmental stimuli, plants can optimize the opening and closing of stomata to balance CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss from leaves. Guard cells perceive and integrate various signals to adjust stomatal pores through turgor pressure regulation. Molecular mechanisms and signaling networks underlying the stomatal movements in response to environmental stresses have been extensively studied and elucidated. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements mediated by abscisic acid, light, CO2 , reactive oxygen species, pathogens, temperature, and other phytohormones. We discussed the significance of elucidating the integrative mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements in helping design smart crops with enhanced water use efficiency and resilience in a climate-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yajing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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12
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Silva‐Alvim FAL, Alvim JC, Harvey A, Blatt MR. Speedy stomata of a C 4 plant correlate with enhanced K + channel gating. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:817-831. [PMID: 38013592 PMCID: PMC10953386 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are microscopic pores at the surface of plant leaves that facilitate gaseous diffusion to support photosynthesis. The guard cells around each stoma regulate the pore aperture. Plants that carry out C4 photosynthesis are usually more resilient than C3 plants to stress, and their stomata operate over a lower dynamic range of CO2 within the leaf. What makes guard cells of C4 plants more responsive than those of C3 plants? We used gas exchange and electrophysiology, comparing stomatal kinetics of the C4 plant Gynandropsis gynandra and the phylogenetically related C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We found, with varying CO2 and light, that Gynandropsis showed faster changes in stomata conductance and greater water use efficiency when compared with Arabidopsis. Electrophysiological analysis of the dominant K+ channels showed that the outward-rectifying channels, responsible for K+ loss during stomatal closing, were characterised by a greater maximum conductance and substantial negative shift in the voltage dependence of gating, indicating a reduced inhibition by extracellular K+ and enhanced capacity for K+ flux. These differences correlated with the accelerated stomata kinetics of Gynandropsis, suggesting that subtle changes in the biophysical properties of a key transporter may prove a target for future efforts to engineer C4 stomatal kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Chaves Alvim
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Andy Harvey
- Physics & AstronomyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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13
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Sun S, Hu X, Wei Y, Chen X, Li Y, Cao J. Response of WUE of maize at ear stage to the coupling effect of CO 2 and temperature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23646. [PMID: 38223702 PMCID: PMC10784164 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of global warming, the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants will change greatly, which will ultimately affect the water use efficiency (WUE) of plants. In order to study the coupling effects of CO2 and temperature on WUE of maize at ear stage, 'Zhengdan 958' was taken as the research object, and 5 temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C) and 11 CO2 concentration (400, 300, 200, 150, 100, 50, 400, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 μmol mol-1) were set to measure the parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of single leaves. The response of WUE (Pn/Tr) to CO2 and temperature was evaluated by a CO2 response model. The results show that at the same temperature, Pn and WUE increased with CO2 level, while Tr decreased as CO2 level increases; at the same CO2 concentration, Pn and Tr were both positively correlated with temperature, while WUE decreased with the increase of temperature. The maximum value of WUE was obtained when the CO2 concentration was 1000 μmol mol-1 and the temperature was 20.0 °C. The results suggest that global warming will not improve WUE of maize, which will bring more severe challenges to water-saving agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yongsheng Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanzheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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14
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Jiao M, Wang Y, Yang F, Zhao Z, Wei Y, Li R, Wang Y. Dynamic fluctuations in plant leaf interception of airborne microplastics. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167877. [PMID: 37852496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves have been demonstrated to be a crucial sink of airborne microplastics (MPs). However, because of the particular shape of MPs and their relatively weak forces with leaves, the traditional accumulation model used for the adsorption of particulate matter and persistent organic pollutants may not be appropriate for describing the interception of MPs by leaves. Here, we performed a 7-day exploration of the interception of MPs by leaves in downtown Nanning. The abundances and characteristics of leaf-intercepted MPs showed dramatic diurnal fluctuations and interspecies differences (conifers > arbors > shrubs). The fluctuation (Coefficient of Variation (CV) = 0.459; abundances 0.003 ± 0.002 to 0.047 ± 0.005 n·cm-2) was even more drastic than that measured across species (CV = 0.353; 0.06 ± 0.01 to 0.40 ± 0.04 n·cm-2). Further analysis using partial least-squares path modeling demonstrated that stomatal variation and divergence largely dominated diurnal fluctuations and interspecies differences in microplastic interception by leaves, respectively. Our results highlight that the leaf-intercepted MPs is characterized by dynamic fluctuations rather than static equilibrium and reveal the important regulatory roles played by leaf micromorphological structures in intercepting MPs, thus enhancing our understanding of the interactions between terrestrial plants and airborne pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yihua Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology, Nanning 530004, China
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15
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Chen J, Wang W, Chen D, Zhu L. Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers (BUVSs) as Potential Protein Kinase Antagonists in Rice. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21405-21415. [PMID: 38061893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) in the environment and organisms has warned of their potential ecological and health risks. Studies showed that some BUVSs exerted immune and chronic toxicities to animals by disturbing signaling transduction, yet limited research has investigated the toxic effects on crop plants and the underlying mechanisms of signaling regulation. Herein, a laboratory-controlled hydroponic experiment was conducted on rice to explore the phytotoxicity of BUVSs by integrating conventional biochemical experiments, transcriptomic analysis, competitive sorption assays, and computational studies. The results showed that BUVSs inhibited the growth of rice by 6.30-20.4% by excessively opening the leaf stomas, resulting in increased transpiration. BUVSs interrupted the transduction of abscisic acid (ABA) signal through competitively binding to Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), weakening the CDPK phosphorylation and further inhibiting the downstream signaling. As structural analogues of ATP, BUVSs acted as potential ABA signaling antagonists, leading to physiological dysfunction in mediating stomatal closure under stresses. This is the first comprehensive study elucidating the effects of BUVSs on the function of key proteins and the associated signaling transduction in plants and providing insightful information for the risk evaluation and control of BUVSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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16
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Nguyen T, Silva‐Alvim FAL, Hills A, Blatt MR. OnGuard3e: A predictive, ecophysiology-ready tool for gas exchange and photosynthesis research. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3644-3658. [PMID: 37498151 PMCID: PMC10946835 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Gas exchange across the stomatal pores of leaves is a focal point in studies of plant-environmental relations. Stomata regulate atmospheric exchange with the inner air spaces of the leaf. They open to allow CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close to minimize water loss. Models that focus on the phenomenology of stomatal conductance generally omit the mechanics of the guard cells that regulate the pore aperture. The OnGuard platform fills this gap and offers a truly mechanistic approach with which to analyse stomatal gas exchange, whole-plant carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency. Previously, OnGuard required specialist knowledge of membrane transport, signalling and metabolism. Here we introduce OnGuard3e, a software package accessible to ecophysiologists and membrane biologists alike. We provide a brief guide to its use and illustrate how the package can be applied to explore and analyse stomatal conductance, assimilation and water use efficiencies, addressing a range of experimental questions with truly predictive outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh‐Hao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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17
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Nguyen TBA, Lefoulon C, Nguyen TH, Blatt MR, Carroll W. Engineering stomata for enhanced carbon capture and water-use efficiency. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:1290-1309. [PMID: 37423785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores facilitate gaseous exchange between the inner air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere. As gatekeepers that balance CO2 entry for photosynthesis against transpirational water loss, they are a focal point for efforts to improve crop performance, especially in the efficiency of water use, within the changing global environment. Until recently, engineering strategies had focused on stomatal conductance in the steady state. These strategies are limited by the physical constraints of CO2 and water exchange such that gains in water-use efficiency (WUE) commonly come at a cost in carbon assimilation. Attention to stomatal speed and responsiveness circumvents these constraints and offers alternatives to enhancing WUE that also promise increases in carbon assimilation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Binh-Anh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Cecile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Thanh-Hao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - William Carroll
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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18
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Agathokleous E, Frei M, Knopf OM, Muller O, Xu Y, Nguyen TH, Gaiser T, Liu X, Liu B, Saitanis CJ, Shang B, Alam MS, Feng Y, Ewert F, Feng Z. Adapting crop production to climate change and air pollution at different scales. Nat Food 2023; 4:854-865. [PMID: 37845546 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are tightly interconnected and jointly affect field crop production and agroecosystem health. Although our understanding of the individual and combined impacts of air pollution and climate change factors is improving, the adaptation of crop production to concurrent air pollution and climate change remains challenging to resolve. Here we evaluate recent advances in the adaptation of crop production to climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales. The main approaches at the plant level include the integration of genetic variation, molecular breeding and phenotyping. Field-level techniques include optimizing cultivation practices, promoting mixed cropping and diversification, and applying technologies such as antiozonants, nanotechnology and robot-assisted farming. Plant- and field-level techniques would be further facilitated by enhancing soil resilience, incorporating precision agriculture and modifying the hydrology and microclimate of agricultural landscapes at the ecosystem level. Strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver M Knopf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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20
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Liang XG, Gao Z, Fu XX, Chen XM, Shen S, Zhou SL. Coordination of carbon assimilation, allocation, and utilization for systemic improvement of cereal yield. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1206829. [PMID: 37731984 PMCID: PMC10508850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The growth of yield outputs is dwindling after the first green revolution, which cannot meet the demand for the projected population increase by the mid-century, especially with the constant threat from extreme climates. Cereal yield requires carbon (C) assimilation in the source for subsequent allocation and utilization in the sink. However, whether the source or sink limits yield improvement, a crucial question for strategic orientation in future breeding and cultivation, is still under debate. To narrow the knowledge gap and capture the progress, we focus on maize, rice, and wheat by briefly reviewing recent advances in yield improvement by modulation of i) leaf photosynthesis; ii) primary C allocation, phloem loading, and unloading; iii) C utilization and grain storage; and iv) systemic sugar signals (e.g., trehalose 6-phosphate). We highlight strategies for optimizing C allocation and utilization to coordinate the source-sink relationships and promote yields. Finally, based on the understanding of these physiological mechanisms, we envisage a future scenery of "smart crop" consisting of flexible coordination of plant C economy, with the goal of yield improvement and resilience in the field population of cereals crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province/The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province/The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian-Min Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Vadez V, Pilloni R, Grondin A, Hajjarpoor A, Belhouchette H, Brouziyne Y, Chehbouni G, Kharrou MH, Zitouna-Chebbi R, Mekki I, Molénat J, Jacob F, Bossuet J. Water use efficiency across scales: from genes to landscapes. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:4770-4788. [PMID: 36779607 PMCID: PMC10474597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is already set to be one of the main issues of the 21st century, because of competing needs between civil, industrial, and agricultural use. Agriculture is currently the largest user of water, but its share is bound to decrease as societies develop and clearly it needs to become more water efficient. Improving water use efficiency (WUE) at the plant level is important, but translating this at the farm/landscape level presents considerable challenges. As we move up from the scale of cells, organs, and plants to more integrated scales such as plots, fields, farm systems, and landscapes, other factors such as trade-offs need to be considered to try to improve WUE. These include choices of crop variety/species, farm management practices, landscape design, infrastructure development, and ecosystem functions, where human decisions matter. This review is a cross-disciplinary attempt to analyse approaches to addressing WUE at these different scales, including definitions of the metrics of analysis and consideration of trade-offs. The equations we present in this perspectives paper use similar metrics across scales to make them easier to connect and are developed to highlight which levers, at different scales, can improve WUE. We also refer to models operating at these different scales to assess WUE. While our entry point is plants and crops, we scale up the analysis of WUE to farm systems and landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vadez
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR DIADE, University of Montpellier, 911 Av. Agropolis BP65401, 34394, Montpellier, France
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324, Telangana, India
- LMI LAPSE, CERAAS-ISRA, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Raphael Pilloni
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR DIADE, University of Montpellier, 911 Av. Agropolis BP65401, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR DIADE, University of Montpellier, 911 Av. Agropolis BP65401, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Amir Hajjarpoor
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR DIADE, University of Montpellier, 911 Av. Agropolis BP65401, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Hatem Belhouchette
- ABSys, Université de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Youssef Brouziyne
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), MENA Office, Giza 12661, Egypt
| | - Ghani Chehbouni
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) UMR CESBIO, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hakim Kharrou
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) UMR CESBIO, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | | | - Insaf Mekki
- INRGREF, Carthage University, B.P. 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Molénat
- UMR LISAH, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Jacob
- UMR LISAH, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France
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22
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Westgeest AJ, Dauzat M, Simonneau T, Pantin F. Leaf starch metabolism sets the phase of stomatal rhythm. Plant Cell 2023; 35:3444-3469. [PMID: 37260348 PMCID: PMC10473205 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In leaves of C3 and C4 plants, stomata open during the day to favor CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close at night to prevent inefficient transpiration of water vapor. The circadian clock paces rhythmic stomatal movements throughout the diel (24-h) cycle. Leaf transitory starch is also thought to regulate the diel stomatal movements, yet the underlying mechanisms across time (key moments) and space (relevant leaf tissues) remain elusive. Here, we developed PhenoLeaks, a pipeline to analyze the diel dynamics of transpiration, and used it to screen a series of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants impaired in starch metabolism. We detected a sinusoidal, endogenous rhythm of transpiration that overarches days and nights. We determined that a number of severe mutations in starch metabolism affect the endogenous rhythm through a phase shift, resulting in delayed stomatal movements throughout the daytime and diminished stomatal preopening during the night. Nevertheless, analysis of tissue-specific mutations revealed that neither guard-cell nor mesophyll-cell starch metabolisms are strictly required for normal diel patterns of transpiration. We propose that leaf starch influences the timing of transpiration rhythm through an interplay between the circadian clock and sugars across tissues, while the energetic effect of starch-derived sugars is usually nonlimiting for endogenous stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Dauzat
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Florent Pantin
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers F-49000, France
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23
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Larsen B, Hofmann R, Camacho IS, Clarke RW, Lagarias JC, Jones AR, Jones AM. Highlighter: An optogenetic system for high-resolution gene expression control in plants. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002303. [PMID: 37733664 PMCID: PMC10513317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic actuators have revolutionized the resolution at which biological processes can be controlled. In plants, deployment of optogenetics is challenging due to the need for these light-responsive systems to function in the context of horticultural light environments. Furthermore, many available optogenetic actuators are based on plant photoreceptors that might crosstalk with endogenous signaling processes, while others depend on exogenously supplied cofactors. To overcome such challenges, we have developed Highlighter, a synthetic, light-gated gene expression system tailored for in planta function. Highlighter is based on the photoswitchable CcaS-CcaR system from cyanobacteria and is repurposed for plants as a fully genetically encoded system. Analysis of a re-engineered CcaS in Escherichia coli demonstrated green/red photoswitching with phytochromobilin, a chromophore endogenous to plants, but also revealed a blue light response likely derived from a flavin-binding LOV-like domain. We deployed Highlighter in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana for optogenetic control of fluorescent protein expression. Using light to guide differential fluorescent protein expression in nuclei of neighboring cells, we demonstrate unprecedented spatiotemporal control of target gene expression. We implemented the system to demonstrate optogenetic control over plant immunity and pigment production through modulation of the spectral composition of broadband visible (white) light. Highlighter is a step forward for optogenetics in plants and a technology for high-resolution gene induction that will advance fundamental plant biology and provide new opportunities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Larsen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Hofmann
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ines S. Camacho
- Biometrology, Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Clarke
- Biometrology, Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Jones
- Biometrology, Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Jones
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Sinclair TR, Ghanem ME. Realistic Physiological Options to Increase Grain Legume Yield under Drought. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3137. [PMID: 37687383 PMCID: PMC10490141 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing yield resiliency under water deficits remains a high priority for crop improvement. In considering the yield benefit of a plant trait modification, two facts are often overlooked: (1) the total amount of water available to a crop through a growing season ultimately constrains growth and yield cannot exceed what is possible with the limited amount of available water, and (2) soil water content always changes over time, so plant response needs to be considered within a temporally dynamic context of day-to-day variation in soil water status. Many previous evaluations of drought traits have implicitly considered water deficit from a "static" perspective, but while the static approach of stable water deficit treatments is experimentally congruous, the results are not realistic representations of real-world drought conditions, where soil water levels are always changing. No trait always results in a positive response under all drought scenarios. In this paper, we suggest two key traits for improving grain legume yield under water deficit conditions: (1) partial stomata closure at elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit that results in soil water conservation, and (2) lessening of the high sensitivity of nitrogen fixation activity to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Sinclair
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Michel E. Ghanem
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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25
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Kocaoglan EG, Radhakrishnan D, Nakayama N. Synthetic developmental biology: molecular tools to re-design plant shoots and roots. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:3864-3876. [PMID: 37155965 PMCID: PMC10826796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant morphology and anatomy strongly influence agricultural yield. Crop domestication has strived for desirable growth and developmental traits, such as larger and more fruits and semi-dwarf architecture. Genetic engineering has accelerated rational, purpose-driven engineering of plant development, but it can be unpredictable. Developmental pathways are complex and riddled with environmental and hormonal inputs, as well as feedback and feedforward interactions, which occur at specific times and places in a growing multicellular organism. Rational modification of plant development would probably benefit from precision engineering based on synthetic biology approaches. This review outlines recently developed synthetic biology technologies for plant systems and highlights their potential for engineering plant growth and development. Streamlined and high-capacity genetic construction methods (Golden Gate DNA Assembly frameworks and toolkits) allow fast and variation-series cloning of multigene transgene constructs. This, together with a suite of gene regulation tools (e.g. cell type-specific promoters, logic gates, and multiplex regulation systems), is starting to enable developmental pathway engineering with predictable outcomes in model plant and crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gediz Kocaoglan
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dhanya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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26
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Petrík P, Petek-Petrik A, Mukarram M, Schuldt B, Lamarque LJ. Leaf physiological and morphological constraints of water-use efficiency in C 3 plants. AoB Plants 2023; 15:plad047. [PMID: 37560762 PMCID: PMC10407996 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evaporative demand due to climate change will significantly affect the balance of carbon assimilation and water losses of plants worldwide. The development of crop varieties with improved water-use efficiency (WUE) will be critical for adapting agricultural strategies under predicted future climates. This review aims to summarize the most important leaf morpho-physiological constraints of WUE in C3 plants and identify gaps in knowledge. From the carbon gain side of the WUE, the discussed parameters are mesophyll conductance, carboxylation efficiency and respiratory losses. The traits and parameters affecting the waterside of WUE balance discussed in this review are stomatal size and density, stomatal control and residual water losses (cuticular and bark conductance), nocturnal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance. In addition, we discussed the impact of leaf anatomy and crown architecture on both the carbon gain and water loss components of WUE. There are multiple possible targets for future development in understanding sources of WUE variability in plants. We identified residual water losses and respiratory carbon losses as the greatest knowledge gaps of whole-plant WUE assessments. Moreover, the impact of trichomes, leaf hydraulic conductance and canopy structure on plants' WUE is still not well understood. The development of a multi-trait approach is urgently needed for a better understanding of WUE dynamics and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrík
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Anja Petek-Petrik
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 971, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden (TUD), Pienner Str. 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l’environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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27
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Konrad KR, Gao S, Zurbriggen MD, Nagel G. Optogenetic Methods in Plant Biology. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2023; 74:313-339. [PMID: 37216203 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071122-094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light. Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner. Since the introduction of Channelrhodopsin-2 and phytochrome-based switches nearly 20 years ago, optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants. For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties. We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels and present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants. Furthermore, we highlight the technical requirements and options for future plant optogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Konrad
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ,
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ,
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28
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Li YT, Gao HY, Zhang ZS. Effects of Environmental and Non-Environmental Factors on Dynamic Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Leaves under Changing Light. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2015. [PMID: 37653932 PMCID: PMC10223794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Major research on photosynthesis has been carried out under steady light. However, in the natural environment, steady light is rare, and light intensity is always changing. Changing light affects (usually reduces) photosynthetic carbon assimilation and causes decreases in biomass and yield. Ecologists first observed the importance of changing light for plant growth in the understory; other researchers noticed that changing light in the crop canopy also seriously affects yield. Here, we review the effects of environmental and non-environmental factors on dynamic photosynthetic carbon assimilation under changing light in higher plants. In general, dynamic photosynthesis is more sensitive to environmental and non-environmental factors than steady photosynthesis, and dynamic photosynthesis is more diverse than steady photosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the challenges of photosynthetic research under changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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29
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Mirasole FM, Nastasi SP, Cubero-Font P, De Angeli A. Vacuolar control of stomatal opening revealed by 3D imaging of the guard cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7647. [PMID: 37169939 PMCID: PMC10175559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Land plants regulate their photosynthesis and water transpiration by exchanging gases (CO2 and H2Ovapour) with the atmosphere. These exchanges take place through microscopic valves, called stomata, on the leaf surface. The opening of the stomata is regulated by two guard cells that actively and reversibly modify their turgor pressure to modulate the opening of the stomatal pores. Stomatal function depends on the regulation of the ion transport capacities of cell membranes as well as on the modification of the subcellular organisation of guard cells. Here we report how the vacuolar and cytosolic compartments of guard cells quantitatively participate in stomatal opening. We used a genetically encoded biosensor to visualise changes in ionic concentration during stomatal opening. The 3D reconstruction of living guard cells shows that the vacuole is the responsible for the change in guard cell volume required for stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maria Mirasole
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Paola Nastasi
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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30
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Mukherjee A, Dwivedi S, Bhagavatula L, Datta S. Integration of light and ABA signaling pathways to combat drought stress in plants. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:829-841. [PMID: 36906730 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most critical stresses, which causes an enormous reduction in crop yield. Plants develop various strategies like drought escape, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance to cope with the reduced availability of water during drought. Plants adopt several morphological and biochemical modifications to fine-tune their water-use efficiency to alleviate drought stress. ABA accumulation and signaling plays a crucial role in the response of plants towards drought. Here, we discuss how drought-induced ABA regulates the modifications in stomatal dynamics, root system architecture, and the timing of senescence to counter drought stress. These physiological responses are also regulated by light, indicating the possibility of convergence of light- and drought-induced ABA signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of investigations reporting light-ABA signaling cross talk in Arabidopsis as well as other crop species. We have also tried to describe the potential role of different light components and their respective photoreceptors and downstream factors like HY5, PIFs, BBXs, and COP1 in modulating drought stress responses. Finally, we highlight the possibilities of enhancing the plant drought resilience by fine-tuning light environment or its signaling components in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Shubhi Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Lavanya Bhagavatula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India.
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31
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Wall S, Cockram J, Vialet-Chabrand S, Van Rie J, Gallé A, Lawson T. The impact of growth at elevated [CO2] on stomatal anatomy and behavior differs between wheat species and cultivars. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2860-2874. [PMID: 36633860 PMCID: PMC10134898 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to respond to changes in the environment is crucial to their survival and reproductive success. The impact of increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration (a[CO2]), mediated by behavioral and developmental responses of stomata, on crop performance remains a concern under all climate change scenarios, with potential impacts on future food security. To identify possible beneficial traits that could be exploited for future breeding, phenotypic variation in morphological traits including stomatal size and density, as well as physiological responses and, critically, the effect of growth [CO2] on these traits, was assessed in six wheat relative accessions (including Aegilops tauschii, Triticum turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides, and T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon) and five elite bread wheat T. aestivum cultivars. Exploiting a range of different species and ploidy, we identified key differences in photosynthetic capacity between elite hexaploid wheat and wheat relatives. We also report differences in the speed of stomatal responses which were found to be faster in wheat relatives than in elite cultivars, a trait that could be useful for enhanced photosynthetic carbon gain and water use efficiency. Furthermore, these traits do not all appear to be influenced by elevated [CO2], and determining the underlying genetics will be critical for future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellie Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - James Cockram
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gallé
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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32
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Panter PE, Seifert J, Dale M, Pridgeon AJ, Hulme R, Ramsay N, Contera S, Knight H. Cell wall fucosylation in Arabidopsis influences control of leaf water loss and alters stomatal development and mechanical properties. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2680-2691. [PMID: 36715637 PMCID: PMC10112686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis sensitive-to-freezing8 (sfr8) mutant exhibits reduced cell wall (CW) fucose levels and compromised freezing tolerance. To examine whether CW fucosylation also affects the response to desiccation, we tested the effect of leaf excision in sfr8 and the allelic mutant mur1-1. Leaf water loss was strikingly higher than in the wild type in these, but not other, fucosylation mutants. We hypothesized that reduced fucosylation in guard cell (GC) walls might limit stomatal closure through altering mechanical properties. Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed a reduced elastic modulus (E'), representing reduced stiffness, in sfr8 GC walls. Interestingly, however, we discovered a compensatory mechanism whereby a concomitant reduction in the storage modulus (E'') maintained a wild-type viscoelastic time response (tau) in sfr8. Stomata in intact leaf discs of sfr8 responded normally to a closure stimulus, abscisic acid, suggesting that the time response may relate more to closure properties than stiffness does. sfr8 stomatal pore complexes were larger than those of the wild type, and GCs lacked a fully developed cuticular ledge, both potential contributors to the greater leaf water loss in sfr8. We present data that indicate that fucosylation-dependent dimerization of the CW pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan-II may be essential for normal cuticular ledge development and leaf water retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Panter
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Jacob Seifert
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Maeve Dale
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Rachel Hulme
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Nathan Ramsay
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
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33
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Buckley TN, Frehner EH, Bailey BN. Kinetic factors of physiology and the dynamic light environment influence the economic landscape of short-term hydraulic risk. New Phytol 2023; 238:529-548. [PMID: 36650668 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimality-based models of stomatal conductance unify biophysical and evolutionary constraints and can improve predictions of land-atmosphere carbon and water exchange. Recent models incorporate hydraulic constraints by penalizing excessive stomatal opening in relation to hydraulic damage caused by low water potentials. We used simulation models to test whether penalties based solely on vulnerability curves adequately represent the optimality hypothesis, given that they exclude the effects of kinetic factors on stomatal behavior and integrated carbon balance. To quantify the effects of nonsteady-state phenomena on the landscape of short-term hydraulic risk, we simulated diurnal dynamics of leaf physiology for 10 000 patches of leaf in a canopy and used a ray-tracing model, Helios, to simulate realistic variation in sunfleck dynamics. Our simulations demonstrated that kinetic parameters of leaf physiology and sunfleck properties influence the economic landscape of short-term hydraulic risk, as characterized by the effect of stomatal strategy (gauged by the water potential causing a 50% hydraulic penalty) on both aggregated carbon gain and the aggregated carbon cost of short-term hydraulic risk. Hydraulic penalties in optimization models should be generalized to allow their parameters to account for kinetic factors, in addition to parameters of hydraulic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ethan H Frehner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brian N Bailey
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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34
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Larson ER, Armstrong EM, Harper H, Knapp S, Edwards KJ, Grierson D, Poppy G, Chase MW, Jones JDG, Bastow R, Jellis G, Barnes S, Temple P, Clarke M, Oldroyd G, Grierson CS. One hundred important questions for plant science - reflecting on a decade of plant research. New Phytol 2023; 238:464-469. [PMID: 36924326 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Emily May Armstrong
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Helen Harper
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Keith J Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Don Grierson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, nr Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Guy Poppy
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark W Chase
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, London, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Ruth Bastow
- Crop Health and Protection Ltd, York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Graham Jellis
- Agrifood Charities Partnership, The Bullock Building, University Way, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 OGH, UK
| | | | - Paul Temple
- Wold Farm, Driffield, East Yorkshire, YO25 3BB, UK
| | - Matthew Clarke
- Bayer - Crop Science, Monsanto UK Ltd, 230 Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0WB, UK
| | - Giles Oldroyd
- Crop Science Centre, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Claire S Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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35
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Lv X, Li Y, Chen R, Rui M, Wang Y. Stomatal Responses of Two Drought-Tolerant Barley Varieties with Different ROS Regulation Strategies under Drought Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040790. [PMID: 37107165 PMCID: PMC10135251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production. Stomata are central to efforts to improve photosynthesis and water use. They are targets for manipulation to improve both processes and the balance between them. An in-depth understanding of stomatal behavior and kinetics is important for improving photosynthesis and the WUE of crops. In this study, a drought stress pot experiment was performed, and a transcriptome analysis of the leaves of three contrasting, cultivated barley genotypes Lumley (Lum, drought-tolerant), Golden Promise (GP, drought-sensitive), and Tadmor (Tad, drought-tolerant), generated by high-throughput sequencing, were compared. Lum exhibited a different WUE at the leaf and whole-plant levels and had greater CO2 assimilation, with a higher gs under drought stress. Interestingly, Lum showed a slower stomatal closure in response to a light-dark transition and significant differences compared to Tad in stomatal response to the exogenous application of ABA, H2O2, and CaCl2. A transcriptome analysis revealed that 24 ROS-related genes were indeed involved in drought response regulation, and impaired ABA-induced ROS accumulation in Lum was identified using ROS and antioxidant capacity measurements. We conclude that different stomatal ROS responses affect stomatal closure in barley, demonstrating different drought regulation strategies. These results provide valuable insight into the physiological and molecular basis of stomatal behavior and drought tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiachen Lv
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongjia Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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36
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Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Shi ZM, Wang JH, Huang W. Variation in Photosynthetic Efficiency under Fluctuating Light between Rose Cultivars and its Potential for Improving Dynamic Photosynthesis. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12051186. [PMID: 36904047 PMCID: PMC10005413 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency under both steady-state and fluctuating light can significantly affect plant growth under naturally fluctuating light conditions. However, the difference in photosynthetic performance between different rose genotypes is little known. This study compared the photosynthetic performance under steady-state and fluctuating light in two modern rose cultivars (Rose hybrida), "Orange Reeva" and "Gelato", and an old Chinese rose plant Rosa chinensis cultivar, "Slater's crimson China". The light and CO2 response curves indicated that they showed similar photosynthetic capacity under steady state. The light-saturated steady-state photosynthesis in these three rose genotypes was mainly limited by biochemistry (60%) rather than diffusional conductance. Under fluctuating light conditions (alternated between 100 and 1500 μmol photons m-2 m-1 every 5 min), stomatal conductance gradually decreased in these three rose genotypes, while mesophyll conductance (gm) was maintained stable in Orange Reeva and Gelato but decreased by 23% in R. chinensis, resulting in a stronger loss of CO2 assimilation under high-light phases in R. chinensis (25%) than in Orange Reeva and Gelato (13%). As a result, the variation in photosynthetic efficiency under fluctuating light among rose cultivars was tightly related to gm. These results highlight the importance of gm in dynamic photosynthesis and provide new traits for improving photosynthetic efficiency in rose cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Ming Shi
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Kelly G, Yaaran A, Gal A, Egbaria A, Brandsma D, Belausov E, Wolf D, David-Schwartz R, Granot D, Eyal Y, Carmi N, Sade N. Guard cell activity of PIF4 and HY5 control transpiration. Plant Sci 2023; 328:111583. [PMID: 36608874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whole-plant transpiration, controlled by plant hydraulics and stomatal movement, is regulated by endogenous and environmental signals, with the light playing a dominant role. Stomatal pore size continuously adjusts to changes in light intensity and quality to ensure optimal CO2 intake for photosynthesis on the one hand, together with minimal water loss on the other. The link between light and transpiration is well established, but the genetic knowledge of how guard cells perceive those signals to affect stomatal conductance is still somewhat limited. In the current study, we evaluated the role of two central light-responsive transcription factors; a bZIP-family transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4), in the regulation of steady-state transpiration. We show that overexpression of PIF4 exclusively in guard cells (GCPIF4) decreases transpiration, and can restrain the high transpiration of the pif4 mutant. Expression of HY5 specifically in guard cells (GCHY5) had the opposite effect of enhancing transpiration rates of WT- Arabidopsis and tobacco plants and of the hy5 mutant in Arabidopsis. In addition, we show that GCHY5 can reverse the low transpiration caused by guard cell overexpression of the sugar sensor HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1, GCHXK), an established low transpiring genotype. Finally, we suggest that the GCHY5 reversion of low transpiration by GCHXK requires the auto-activation of the endogenous HY5 in other tissues. These findings support the existence of an ongoing diurnal regulation of transpiration by the light-responsive transcription factors HY5 and PIF4 in the stomata, which ultimately determine the whole-plant water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Atara Gal
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danja Brandsma
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Chang Y, Shi M, Sun Y, Cheng H, Ou X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Day B, Miao C, Jiang K. Light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis is negatively regulated by chloroplast-originated OPDA signaling. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1071-1081.e5. [PMID: 36841238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is orchestrated by diverse signaling cascades and metabolic activities in guard cells. Light triggers the opening of the pores through the phototropin-mediated pathway, which leads to the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and thereby facilitates potassium accumulation through Kin+ channels. However, it remains poorly understood how phototropin signaling is fine-tuned to prevent excessive stomatal opening and consequent water loss. Here, we show that the stomatal response to light is negatively regulated by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), an oxylipin metabolite produced through enzymatic oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We identify a set of phospholipase-encoding genes, phospholipase (PLIP)1/2/3, which are transactivated rapidly in guard cells upon illumination in a phototropin-dependent manner. These phospholipases release PUFAs from the chloroplast membrane, which is oxidized by guard-cell lipoxygenases and further metabolized to OPDA. The OPDA-deficient mutants had wider stomatal pores, whereas mutants containing elevated levels of OPDA showed the opposite effect on stomatal aperture. Transmembrane solute fluxes that drive stomatal aperture were enhanced in lox6-1 guard cells, indicating that OPDA signaling ultimately impacts on activities of proton pumps and Kin+ channels. Interestingly, the accelerated stomatal kinetics in lox6-1 leads to increased plant growth without cost in water or macronutrient use. Together, our results reveal a new role for chloroplast membrane oxylipin metabolism in stomatal regulation. Moreover, the accelerated stomatal opening kinetics in OPDA-deficient mutants benefits plant growth and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Mianmian Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China.
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhou J, Xiao L, Huang R, Song F, Li L, Li P, Fang Y, Lu W, Lv C, Quan M, Zhang D, Du Q. Local diversity of drought resistance and resilience in Populus tomentosa correlates with the variation of DNA methylation. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:479-497. [PMID: 36385613 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Little information is known about DNA methylation variation in shaping environment-specific drought resistance and resilience for tree adaptation. In this study, we leveraged RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data to dissect the distinction of epigenetic regulation under drought stress and rewater condition of Populus tomentosa accessions from three geographical regions. We demonstrated low resistance and high resilience for accessions from South. Non-CG methylation levels in promoter regions of Southern accessions were lower than accessions from higher latitudes and negatively regulated gene expression. CHH context methylation was more sensitive to drought stress, and the geographical-specific differentially methylated regions were scarcely changed by environmental fluctuation. We identified 60 conserved hub genes within the co-expression networks that correlate with photosynthetic and stomatal morphological traits. Epigenome-wide association studies and genome-wide association studies of these 60 hub genes revealed the interdependency between genetic and epigenetic variation in GATA9 and LECRK-VIII.2, which was associated with stomatal morphology and chlorophyll content. The natural epigenetic variation in GATA9 was also faithfully transmitted to progenies in two family-based F1 populations. This study indicates a functional relationship of DNA methylation diversity with drought resistance and resilience which offers new insights into plants' local adaptation to a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lianzheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenfei Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Rosado-Souza L, Yokoyama R, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops. Mol Plant 2023; 16:96-121. [PMID: 36447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration. While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield, until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors, including within-plant nutrient allocation. In this review, we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field. In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3, C4, and CAM modes of photosynthesis, altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain, modulating photorespiration, adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and enhancing nitrogen- and water-use efficiencies. Moreover, we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford. Although source, transport, and sink functions are all covered in this review, we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field. Nevertheless, considerable recent evidence, alongside the evidence from classical studies, demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield. We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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41
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Liu S, Liu X, Zhang X, Chang S, Ma C, Qin F. Co-Expression of ZmVPP1 with ZmNAC111 Confers Robust Drought Resistance in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36672748 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a primary environmental factor limiting maize production globally. Although transferring a single gene to maize can enhance drought resistance, maize response to water deficit requires further improvement to accommodate the steadily intensifying drought events worldwide. Here, we generated dual transgene lines simultaneously overexpressing two drought-resistant genes, ZmVPP1 (encoding a vacuolar-type H+ pyrophosphatase) and ZmNAC111 (encoding a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC)-type transcription factor). Following drought stress, survival rates of the pyramided transgenic seedlings reached 62-66%, while wild-type and single transgene seedling survival rates were 23% and 37-42%, respectively. Maize seedlings co-expressing ZmVPP1 and ZmNAC111 exhibited higher photosynthesis rates, antioxidant enzyme activities, and root-shoot ratios than the wild type, and anthesis-silking intervals were shorter while grain yields were higher under water deficit conditions in field trials. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed that photosynthesis and stress-related metabolic processes were stimulated in the dual transgene plants under drought conditions. The findings in this work illustrate how high co-expression of different drought-related genes can reinforce drought resistance over that of individual transgene lines, providing a path for developing arid climate-adapted elite maize varieties.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang Y, Zhu XG. Stomata conductance as a goalkeeper for increased photosynthetic efficiency. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 70:102310. [PMID: 36376162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
100-120 words. References should not be included. Abbreviations should be avoided as far as possible. Low stomatal conductance (gs) poses a major constraint for improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield. Options at the molecular, leaf, canopy, and even the whole plant scales can be developed to enhance gs for greater light and water use efficiencies. Among these, many genes regulating stomatal development and stomatal movement have been discovered and manipulated to increase light and water use efficiencies under well-watered, drought, or facility agriculture conditions with the manual-controlled growth environmental. Optimization of canopy conductance to increase whole plant photosynthesis with full consideration of the heterogeneities in gs, microclimates and leaf ontology inside the canopy represents a largely uncharted area to improve crop efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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Jian L, Yan J, Liu J. De Novo Domestication in the Multi-Omics Era. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1592-1606. [PMID: 35762778 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most cereal crops were domesticated within the last 12,000 years and subsequently spread around the world. These crops have been nourishing the world by supplying a primary energy and nutrient source, thereby playing a critical role in determining the status of human health and sustaining the global population. Here, we review the major challenges of future agriculture and emphasize the utilization of wild germplasm. De novo domestication is one of the most straightforward strategies to manipulate domestication-related and/or other genes with known function, and thereby introduce desired traits into wild plants. We also summarize known causal variations and their corresponding pathways in order to better understand the genetic basis of crop evolution, and how this knowledge could facilitate de novo domestication. Indeed knowledge-driven de novo domestication has great potential for the development of new sustainable crops that have climate-resilient high yield with low resource input and meet individual nutrient needs. Finally, we discuss current opportunities for and barriers to knowledge-driven de novo domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liumei Jian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Yang L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Hu G, Guo W, Gu X, Pu L. Plant synthetic epigenomic engineering for crop improvement. Sci China Life Sci 2022; 65:2191-2204. [PMID: 35851940 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been directed to redesign crops with increased yield, stress adaptability, and nutritional value through synthetic biology-the application of engineering principles to biology. A recent expansion in our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms regulate plant development and stress responses has unveiled a new set of resources that can be harnessed to develop improved crops, thus heralding the promise of "synthetic epigenetics." In this review, we summarize the latest advances in epigenetic regulation and highlight how innovative sequencing techniques, epigenetic editing, and deep learning-driven predictive tools can rapidly extend these insights. We also proposed the future directions of synthetic epigenetics for the development of engineered smart crops that can actively monitor and respond to internal and external cues throughout their life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pingxian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guihua Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Horaruang W, Klejchová M, Carroll W, Silva-Alvim FAL, Waghmare S, Papanatsiou M, Amtmann A, Hills A, Alvim JC, Blatt MR, Zhang B. Engineering a K + channel 'sensory antenna' enhances stomatal kinetics, water use efficiency and photosynthesis. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1262-1274. [PMID: 36266492 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stomata of plant leaves open to enable CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close to reduce water loss via transpiration. Compared with photosynthesis, stomata respond slowly to fluctuating light, reducing assimilation and water use efficiency. Efficiency gains are possible without a cost to photosynthesis if stomatal kinetics can be accelerated. Here we show that clustering of the GORK channel, which mediates K+ efflux for stomatal closure in the model plant Arabidopsis, arises from binding between the channel voltage sensors, creating an extended 'sensory antenna' for channel gating. Mutants altered in clustering affect channel gating to facilitate K+ flux, accelerate stomatal movements and reduce water use without a loss in biomass. Our findings identify the mechanism coupling channel clustering with gating, and they demonstrate the potential for engineering of ion channels native to the guard cell to enhance stomatal kinetics and improve water use efficiency without a cost in carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijitra Horaruang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Burapha University, Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Martina Klejchová
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Carroll
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sakharam Waghmare
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Papanatsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonas Chaves Alvim
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan City, China
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Jones JJ, Huang S, Hedrich R, Geilfus CM, Roelfsema MRG. The green light gap: a window of opportunity for optogenetic control of stomatal movement. New Phytol 2022; 236:1237-1244. [PMID: 36052708 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green plants are equipped with photoreceptors that are capable of sensing radiation in the ultraviolet-to-blue and the red-to-far-red parts of the light spectrum. However, plant cells are not particularly sensitive to green light (GL), and light which lies within this part of the spectrum does not efficiently trigger the opening of stomatal pores. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of stomatal responses to light, which are either provoked via photosynthetically active radiation or by specific blue light (BL) signaling pathways. The limited impact of GL on stomatal movements provides a unique option to use this light quality to control optogenetic tools. Recently, several of these tools have been optimized for use in plant biological research, either to control gene expression, or to provoke ion fluxes. Initial studies with the BL-activated potassium channel BLINK1 showed that this tool can speed up stomatal movements. Moreover, the GL-sensitive anion channel GtACR1 can induce stomatal closure, even at conditions that provoke stomatal opening in wild-type plants. Given that crop plants in controlled-environment agriculture and horticulture are often cultivated with artificial light sources (i.e. a combination of blue and red light from light-emitting diodes), GL signals can be used as a remote-control signal that controls stomatal transpiration and water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Taniyoshi K, Tanaka Y, Adachi S, Shiraiwa T. Anisohydric characteristics of a rice genotype 'ARC 11094' contribute to increased photosynthetic carbon fixation in response to high light. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13825. [PMID: 36377050 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction, which is the response of the CO2 assimilation rate to a stepwise increase in light intensity, potentially affects plant carbon gain and crop productivity in field environments. Although natural variations in photosynthetic induction are determined by CO2 supply and its fixation, detailed factors, especially CO2 supply, are unclear. This study investigated photosynthesis at steady and non-steady states in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes: ARC 11094, Takanari and Koshihikari. Stomatal traits and water relations in the plants were evaluated to characterise CO2 supply. Photosynthetic induction in ARC 11094 and Takanari was superior to that in Koshihikari owing to an efficient CO2 supply. The CO2 supply in Takanari is attributed to its high stomatal density, small guard cell length and extensive root mass, whereas that in ARC 11094 is attributed to its high stomatal conductance per stoma and stomatal opening in leaves with insufficient water (i.e., anisohydric stomatal behaviour). Our results suggest that there are various mechanisms for realising an efficient CO2 supply during the induction response. These characteristics can be useful for improving photosynthetic induction and, thus, crop productivity in field environments in future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Li Q, Zhou L, Chen Y, Xiao N, Zhang D, Zhang M, Wang W, Zhang C, Zhang A, Li H, Chen J, Gao Y. Phytochrome interacting factor regulates stomatal aperture by coordinating red light and abscisic acid. Plant Cell 2022; 34:4293-4312. [PMID: 35929789 PMCID: PMC9614506 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are crucial valves coordinating the fixation of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and water loss through leaf transpiration. Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) are negative regulators of red light responses that belong to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) PIF family gene OsPIL15 acts as a negative regulator of stomatal aperture to control transpiration in rice. OsPIL15 reduces stomatal aperture by activating rice ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5), which encodes a critical positive regulator of ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) signaling in rice. Moreover, OsPIL15 interacts with the NIGT1/HRS1/HHO family transcription factor rice HRS1 HOMOLOG 3 (OsHHO3) to possibly enhance the regulation of stomatal aperture. Notably, we discovered that the maize (Zea mays) PIF family genes ZmPIF1 and ZmPIF3, which are homologous to OsPIL15, are also involved in the regulation of stomatal aperture in maize, indicating that PIF-mediated regulation of stomatal aperture may be conserved in the plant lineage. Our findings explain the molecular mechanism by which PIFs play a role in red-light-mediated stomatal opening, and demonstrate that PIFs regulate stomatal aperture by coordinating the red light and ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Anning Zhang
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hua Li
- Hezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hezhou 542813, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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50
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Maupilé L, Boualem A, Chaïb J, Bendahmane A. A Flashforward Look into Solutions for Fruit and Vegetable Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1886. [PMID: 36292770 PMCID: PMC9602186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing current and future generations is how climate change and continuous population growth adversely affect food security. To address this, the food system needs a complete transformation where more is produced in non-optimal and space-limited areas while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fruits and vegetables, essential for human health, are high-value-added crops, which are grown in both greenhouses and open field environments. Here, we review potential practices to reduce the impact of climate variation and ecosystem damages on fruit and vegetable crop yield, as well as highlight current bottlenecks for indoor and outdoor agrosystems. To obtain sustainability, high-tech greenhouses are increasingly important and biotechnological means are becoming instrumental in designing the crops of tomorrow. We discuss key traits that need to be studied to improve agrosystem sustainability and fruit yield.
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