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Bhole RP, Chikhale RV, Rathi KM. Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:8-42. [PMID: 38169888 PMCID: PMC10758887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh P. Bhole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | | | - Karishma M. Rathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
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2
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Zende R, Bharati AJ, Mannem MR, Bhatt P, Garai S, Upadhyay SK, Sankaranarayanan K. Electrostatic interactions mediated defibrillation of β-lactoglobulin fibrils using Keggin Polyoxometalates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113941. [PMID: 38744079 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The whey protein β-lactoglobulin (βLG) forms fibrils similar to the amyloid fibrils in the neurodegenerative diseases due to its higher predisposition of β-sheets. This study shed light on the understanding different inorganic Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) interaction with the protein βLG fibrils. POMs such as Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), silicomolybdic acid (SMA), tungstosilicic acid (TSA), and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were used due to their inherent higher anionic charges. The interaction studies were monitored with fluorescence spectra and Thioflavin T assay for both the βLG monomers and the fibrils initially to elucidate the binding ability of the POMs. The binding of POMs and βLG is also demonstrated by molecular docking studies. Zeta potential studies showed the electrostatic mediated higher interactions of the POMs with the protein fibrils. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies showed that the molybdenum containing POMs have higher affinity to the protein fibrils than the tungsten. This study could help understanding formation of food grade protein fibrils which have profound importance in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Zende
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Ashim Jyoti Bharati
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Mounish Reddy Mannem
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Priya Bhatt
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India.
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3
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Kepp KP, Robakis NK, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Sensi SL, Vissel B. The amyloid cascade hypothesis: an updated critical review. Brain 2023; 146:3969-3990. [PMID: 37183523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Results from recent clinical trials of antibodies that target amyloid-β (Aβ) for Alzheimer's disease have created excitement and have been heralded as corroboration of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, while Aβ may contribute to disease, genetic, clinical, imaging and biochemical data suggest a more complex aetiology. Here we review the history and weaknesses of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in view of the new evidence obtained from clinical trials of anti-amyloid antibodies. These trials indicate that the treatments have either no or uncertain clinical effect on cognition. Despite the importance of amyloid in the definition of Alzheimer's disease, we argue that the data point to Aβ playing a minor aetiological role. We also discuss data suggesting that the concerted activity of many pathogenic factors contribute to Alzheimer's disease and propose that evolving multi-factor disease models will better underpin the search for more effective strategies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, and Institute for Advanced Biotechnology (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St Vincent's Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Osmaniye D, Ahmad I, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Patel HM, Ozkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis and molecular docking and ADME studies of novel hydrazone derivatives for AChE inhibitory, BBB permeability and antioxidant effects. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9022-9038. [PMID: 36325982 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2139762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory and cognitive impairments that predominantly affects the elderly and is the most common cause of dementia. As is known, the AChE enzyme consists of two parts. In this work, 10 new hydrazones (3a-3j) were designed and synthesized. Naphthalene, indole, benzofuran and benzothiophene rings were used to interact with the PAS region. 4-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorobenzyl structures were preferred for interaction with the CAS region. In biological activity studies, the AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials of all compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 3i and 3j displayed significant activity against AChE. The compounds 3i and 3j displayed IC50 values of 0.034 and 0.027 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.021 µM) also displayed a significant inhibition against AChE. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the compounds were also evaluated. Derivatives 3i and 3j, which emerged active from both in vitro activity studies, were subjected to in vitro PAMPA tests to determine BBB permeability. Further docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (3i, 3j and donepezil) interacted with the enzyme active site in a similar manner to donepezil. A few parameters derived from MD simulation trajectories were computed and validated for the protein-ligand complex's stability under the dynamic conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Harun M Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yusuf Ozkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Wang Y, Hong Q, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Wen B. The Lysine Demethylase KDM7A Regulates Immediate Early Genes in Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301367. [PMID: 37565374 PMCID: PMC10558696 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysine demethylase KDM7A removes histone modifications H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me1/2. KDM7A plays critical roles in gene expression and contribute to biological processes including tumorigenesis, metabolism, and embryonic development. However, the functions of KDM7A in mammalian nervous system are still poorly explored. In this study, functional roles of KDM7A are comprehensively investigated in neuronal cells by applying CUT&Tag-seq, RNA-seq and mice models. Knockdown of Kdm7a in N2A cells result in the alteration of histone modifications near transcription start sites (TSSs) and the expression changes of a large number of genes. In particular, the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), a series of genes maintaining the function of the nervous system and associating with neurological disorders, are significantly decreased upon Kdm7a knockdown. Furthermore, in vivo knockdown of Kdm7a in dentate gyrus (DG) neuron of mice hippocampus, via Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based stereotaxic microinjection, led to a significant decrease of the expression of c-Fos, a marker of neuron activity. Behavior assays in mice further revealed that Kdm7a knockdown in hippocampus repress neuron activity, which leading to impairment of emotion and memory. Collectively, the study reveals that KDM7A affects neuron functions by regulating IEGs, which may provide new clues for understanding epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Hong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Center for Experimental Research in Clinical MedicineFujian Provincial Hospital134 East StreetFuzhou350001China
| | - Yueyue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
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Khan MI, Jeong ES, Khan MZ, Shin JH, Kim JD. Stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's pathogenesis by ameliorating neuroinflamation, and regulating the associated molecular pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15731. [PMID: 37735227 PMCID: PMC10514272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and tau hyper phosphorylation (p-tau) are key molecular factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The abnormal formation and accumulation of Aβ and p-tau lead to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. β- and γ-secretases produce Aβ peptides via the amyloidogenic pathway, and several kinases are involved in tau phosphorylation. Exosomes, a recently developed method of intercellular communication, derived from neuronal stem cells (NSC-exos), are intriguing therapeutic options for AD. Exosomes have ability to cross the BBB hence highly recommended for brain related diseases and disorders. In the current study, we examined how NSC-exos could protect human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y (ATCC CRL-2266). NSC-exos were derived from Human neural stem cells (ATCC-BYS012) by ultracentrifugation and the therapeutic effects of the NSC-exos were then investigated in vitro. NSC-exos controlled the associated molecular processes to drastically lower Aβ and p-tau. A dose dependent reduction in β- and γ-secretase, acetylcholinesterase, GSK3β, CDK5, and activated α-secretase activities was also seen. We further showed that BACE1, PSEN1, CDK5, and GSK-3β mRNA expression was suppressed and downregulated, while ADAM10 mRNA was increased. NSC- Exos downregulate NF-B/ERK/JNK-related signaling pathways in activated glial cells HMC3 (ATCC-CRL-3304) and reduce inflammatory mediators such iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, which are associated with neuronal inflammation. The NSC-exos therapy ameliorated the neurodegeneration of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y by enhancing viability. Overall, these findings support that exosomes produced from stem cells can be a neuro-protective therapy to alleviate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Eun Sun Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeosu Chonnam Hospital, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, 59626, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, 59626, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, 59626, Chonnam, Korea.
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, 59626, Chonnam, Korea.
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Toader C, Tataru CP, Florian IA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Dumitrascu DI, Glavan LA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Ciurea AV. From Homeostasis to Pathology: Decoding the Multifaceted Impact of Aquaporins in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14340. [PMID: 37762642 PMCID: PMC10531540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), integral membrane proteins facilitating selective water and solute transport across cell membranes, have been the focus of extensive research over the past few decades. Particularly noteworthy is their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and fluid balance in neural compartments, as dysregulated AQP expression is implicated in various degenerative and acute brain pathologies. This article provides an exhaustive review on the evolutionary history, molecular classification, and physiological relevance of aquaporins, emphasizing their significance in the central nervous system (CNS). The paper journeys through the early studies of water transport to the groundbreaking discovery of Aquaporin 1, charting the molecular intricacies that make AQPs unique. It delves into AQP distribution in mammalian systems, detailing their selective permeability through permeability assays. The article provides an in-depth exploration of AQP4 and AQP1 in the brain, examining their contribution to fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, it elucidates the interplay between AQPs and the glymphatic system, a critical framework for waste clearance and fluid balance in the brain. The dysregulation of AQP-mediated processes in this system hints at a strong association with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and Alzheimer's Disease. This relationship is further explored in the context of acute cerebral events such as stroke and autoimmune conditions such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Moreover, the article scrutinizes AQPs at the intersection of oncology and neurology, exploring their role in tumorigenesis, cell migration, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Lastly, the article outlines emerging aquaporin-targeted therapies, offering a glimpse into future directions in combatting CNS malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Petru Tataru
- Department of Opthamology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan-Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Anwar S, Rehman W, Hussain R, Khan S, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Khan Y, Iqbal S, Naz A, Hashmi MA. Investigation of Novel Benzoxazole-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Effective Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:909. [PMID: 37513821 PMCID: PMC10384982 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that is distinguished clinically by cognitive and memory decline and adversely affects the people of old age. The treatments for this disease gained much attention and have prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. As a springboard to explore new anti-Alzheimer's chemical prototypes, the present study was carried out for the synthesis of benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues as effective Alzheimer's inhibitors. In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of benzoxazole-oxadiazole (1-19) and evaluating their anti-Alzheimer properties. In addition, the precise structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. To find the anti-Alzheimer potentials of the synthesized compounds (1-19), in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibitory activities were performed using Donepezil as the reference standard. From structure-activity (SAR) analysis, it was confirmed that any variation found in inhibitory activities of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes were due to different substitution patterns of substituent(s) at the variable position of both acetophenone aryl and oxadiazole aryl rings. The results of the anti-Alzheimer assay were very encouraging and showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging from 5.80 ± 2.18 to 40.80 ± 5.90 µM (against AChE) and 7.20 ± 2.30 to 42.60 ± 6.10 µM (against BuChE) as compared to standard Donepezil drug (IC50 = 33.65 ± 3.50 µM (for AChE) and 35.80 ± 4.60 µM (for BuChE), respectively. Specifically, analogues 2, 15 and 16 were identified to be significantly active, even found to be more potent than standard inhibitors with IC50 values of 6.40 ± 1.10, 5.80 ± 2.18 and 6.90 ± 1.20 (against AChE) and 7.50 ± 1.20, 7.20 ± 2.30 and 7.60 ± 2.10 (against BuChE). The results obtained were compared to standard drugs. These findings reveal that benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues act as AChE and BuChE inhibitors to develop novel therapeutics for treating Alzheimer's disease and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Adeela Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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10
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Prins S, Borghans L, de Kam ML, Groeneveld GJ, van Gerven J. Cognitive performance in healthy clinical trial participants and patients with the NeuroCart, a neurodegenerative disease measured with an automated neuropsychological and neurophysiological test battery. J Neurol Sci 2023; 449:120658. [PMID: 37079973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases increases significantly with increasing age. Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of function of neurons that eventually leads to cell death, which in turn leads to cognitive disfunction. Cognitive performance can therefore also be considered age dependent. The current study investigated if the NeuroCart can detect age related decline on drug-sensitive CNS-tests in healthy volunteers (HV), and whether there are interactions between the rates of decline and sex. This study also investigated if the NeuroCart was able to differentiate disease profiles of neurodegenerative diseases, compared to age-matched HV and if there is age related decline in patient groups. METHODS This retrospective study encompassed 93 studies, performed at CHDR between 2005 and 2020 that included NeuroCart measurements, which resulted in data from 2729 subjects. Five NeuroCart tests were included in this analysis: smooth and saccadic eye movements, body sway, adaptive tracking, VVLT and N-back. Data from 84 healthy male and female volunteer studies, aged 16-90, were included. Nine studies were performed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) or vascular dementia (VaD). The data were analyzed with regression analyses on age by group, sex, sex by age, group by sex and group by sex by age. Least square means (LSMs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each group at the average age of the group, and at the average age of each of the other groups, and per sex. RESULTS Mean age and standard deviation (SD) for all groups was: HV 36.2 years (19.3), 68.3 CE years (8), PD 62.7 years (8.5), HD 51.4 years (9.8) and VaD 66.9 years (8.1). Performance on all NeuroCart tests decreased significantly each year in HV. Saccadic peak velocity (SPV) was increased in AD compared to age-matched HV (+26.28 degrees/s, p = 0.007), while SPV was decreased for PD and HD compared to age-matched HV (PD: -15.87 degrees/s, p = 0.038, HD: -22.52 degrees/s, p = 0.018). In HD patients SPV decreased faster with age compared to HV. On saccadic peak velocity the slopes between HD vs HV were significantly different, indicating a faster decline in performance on this task for HD patients compared to HV per age year. Smooth pursuit showed an overall significant difference between subject groups (p = 0.037. Significantly worse performance was found for AD (-12.87%, p ≤0.001), PD (-4.45%, p ≤0.001) and VaD (-5.69%, p = 0.005) compared to age-matched HV. Body sway significantly increased with age (p = 0.021). Postural stability was decreased for both PD and HD compared to age-matched HV (PD: +38.8%, p ≤0.001, HD: 154.9%, p ≤0.001). The adaptive tracking was significantly decreased with age (p ≤0.001). Adaptive tracking performance by AD (-7.54%, p ≤0.001), PD (-8.09%, p ≤0.001), HD (-5.19%, p ≤0.001) and VaD (-5.80%, p ≤0.001) was decreased compared to age-matched HV. Adaptive tracking in PD patients vs HV and in PD vs HD patients was significantly different, indicating a faster decline on this task per age year for PD patients compared to HV and HD. The VVLT delayed word recall showed an overall significant effect of subject group (p = 0.006. Correct delayed word recall was decreased for AD (-5.83 words, p ≤0.001), HD (-3.40 words, p ≤0.001) and VaD (-5.51 words, p ≤0.001) compared to age-matched HV. CONCLUSION This study showed that the NeuroCart can detect age-related decreases in performance in HV, which were not affected by sex. The NeuroCart was able to detect significant differences in performance between AD, PD, HD, VaD and age-matched HV. Disease durations were unknown, therefore this cross-sectional study was not able to show age-related decline after disease onset. This article shows the importance of investigating age-related decline on digitalized neurocognitive test batteries. Performance declines with age, which emphasizes the need to correct for age when including HV in clinical trials. Patients with different neurogenerative diseases have distinct performance patterns on the NeuroCart, which this should be considered when performing NeuroCart tasks in patients with AD, PD, HD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Prins
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Borghans
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joop van Gerven
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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11
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Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Kac PR, Brum WS, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Karikari TK. Plasma phospho-tau in Alzheimer's disease: towards diagnostic and therapeutic trial applications. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36927491 PMCID: PMC10022272 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major burden on affected individuals, their families and caregivers, and healthcare systems. Although AD can be identified and diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging biomarkers that concord with neuropathological evidence and clinical symptoms, challenges regarding practicality and accessibility hinder their widespread availability and implementation. Consequently, many people with suspected cognitive impairment due to AD do not receive a biomarker-supported diagnosis. Blood biomarkers have the capacity to help expand access to AD diagnostics worldwide. One such promising biomarker is plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau), which has demonstrated specificity to AD versus non-AD neurodegenerative diseases, and will be extremely important to inform on clinical diagnosis and eligibility for therapies that have recently been approved. This review provides an update on the diagnostic and prognostic performances of plasma p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231, and their associations with in vivo and autopsy-verified diagnosis and pathological hallmarks. Additionally, we discuss potential applications and unanswered questions of plasma p-tau for therapeutic trials, given their recent addition to the biomarker toolbox for participant screening, recruitment and during-trial monitoring. Outstanding questions include assay standardization, threshold generation and biomarker verification in diverse cohorts reflective of the wider community attending memory clinics and included in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Ortiz
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Przemysław R. Kac
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wagner S. Brum
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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12
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Neurophysiological and other features of working memory in older adults at risk for dementia. Cogn Neurodyn 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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13
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Lohr C. Role of P2Y receptors in astrocyte physiology and pathophysiology. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109311. [PMID: 36328064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are active constituents of the brain that manage ion homeostasis and metabolic support of neurons and directly tune synaptic transmission and plasticity. Astrocytes express all known P2Y receptors. These regulate a multitude of physiological functions such as cell proliferation, Ca2+ signalling, gliotransmitter release and neurovascular coupling. In addition, P2Y receptors are fundamental in the transition of astrocytes into reactive astrocytes, as occurring in many brain disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation and epilepsy. This review summarizes the current literature addressing the function of P2Y receptors in astrocytes in the healthy brain as well as in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohr
- Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Moon SW. Neuroimaging Genetics and Network Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:526-538. [PMID: 37957920 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050265188231107072215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The issue of the genetics in brain imaging phenotypes serves as a crucial link between two distinct scientific fields: neuroimaging genetics (NG). The articles included here provide solid proof that this NG link has considerable synergy. There is a suitable collection of articles that offer a wide range of viewpoints on how genetic variations affect brain structure and function. They serve as illustrations of several study approaches used in contemporary genetics and neuroscience. Genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene association are two examples of genetic techniques. Cortical gray matter structural/volumetric measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are sources of information on brain phenotypes. Together, they show how various scientific disciplines have benefited from significant technological advances, such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism array in genetics and the development of increasingly higher-resolution MRI imaging. Moreover, we discuss NG's contribution to expanding our knowledge about the heterogeneity within Alzheimer's disease as well as the benefits of different network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sağlık BN, Levent S, Osmaniye D, Evren AE, Karaduman AB, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Silico Approaches of Novel Indanone Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47378-47404. [PMID: 36570177 PMCID: PMC9774391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological, progressive illness that typically affects the elderly and is clinically distinguished by memory and cognitive decline. Due to a number of factors, including the absence of a radical treatment, an increase in the patient population over time, the high cost of care and treatment, and a significant decline in patients' quality of life, the importance of this disease has increased. These factors have all prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. The chemical structure of the donepezil molecule, the most popular and effective treatment response for AD, served as the basis for the design and synthesis of 42 novel indan-1-one derivatives in this study. Using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR as well as mass spectroscopic techniques, the compounds' structures were identified. Research on the compounds' antioxidant activities, cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme inhibition, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitory activities, β-amyloid plaque inhibition, and cytotoxicity impact was carried out. Inhibition of β-amyloid plaque aggregation; effective inhibition of AChE, BChE, and MAO-B enzymes; and significant antioxidant activity were all demonstrated by compounds D28-D30 and D37-D39. Because of their various actions, it was hypothesized that the related compounds may be useful in treating AD symptoms as well as providing palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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16
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Vardarajan BN, Reyes‐Dumeyer D, Piriz AL, Lantigua RA, Medrano M, Rivera D, Jiménez‐Velázquez IZ, Martin E, Pericak‐Vance MA, Bush W, Farrer L, Haines JL, Wang L, Leung YY, Schellenberg G, Kukull W, De Jager P, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Mayeux R. Progranulin mutations in clinical and neuropathological Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2458-2467. [PMID: 35258170 PMCID: PMC9360185 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progranulin (GRN) mutations occur in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in Alzheimer's disease (AD), often with TDP-43 pathology. METHODS We determined the frequency of rs5848 and rare, pathogenic GRN mutations in two autopsy and one family cohort. We compared Braak stage, β-amyloid load, hyperphosphorylated tau (PHFtau) tangle density and TDP-43 pathology in GRN carriers and non-carriers. RESULTS Pathogenic GRN mutations were more frequent in all cohorts compared to the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), but there was no evidence for association with AD. Pathogenic GRN carriers had significantly higher PHFtau tangle density adjusting for age, sex and APOE ε4 genotype. AD patients with rs5848 had higher frequencies of hippocampal sclerosis and TDP-43 deposits. Twenty-two rare, pathogenic GRN variants were observed in the family cohort. DISCUSSION GRN mutations in clinical and neuropathological AD increase the burden of tau-related brain pathology but show no specific association with β-amyloid load or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri N. Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Dolly Reyes‐Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Angel L. Piriz
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rafael A. Lantigua
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University, and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Martin Medrano
- School of MedicinePontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM)SantiagoDominican Republic
| | - Diones Rivera
- Department of NeurologyCEDIMAT, Plaza de la SaludSanto DomingoDominican Republic
- School of MedicineUniversidad Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU)Santo DomingoDominican Republic
| | | | - Eden Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomicsand Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomicsand Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - William Bush
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Walter Kukull
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Philip De Jager
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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17
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang G. Targeting epigenetics as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Herpesviruses affect the development of dementia. We investigated the association between herpes infection and subsequent diagnoses of dementia. Data from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea were used. Patients aged ≥50 years with the relevant diagnostic codes in the reference year 2009 were included and prospectively reviewed from January 2010 to December 2018. All study participants were followed from the index date until the onset of dementia, death, or the study endpoint. The three cohorts comprised 92,095 patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, 97,323 patients with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, and 183,779 controls. During the follow-up period, 15,831 (17.19%) subjects with HSV infection and 17,082 (17.55%) VZV-infected subjects, compared to 27,028 (14.17%) control subjects, were subsequently diagnosed with dementia (all, P < .001). The adjusted hazard ratio for developing dementia was found to be 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.16-1.20) in HSV and 1.09 (95% CI; 1.07-1.11) in VZV patients (all, P < .001). HSV1 infections such as oral or ocular subtypes, but not HSV2, anogenital subtype, were associated with dementia, including several subtypes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. VZV infection is also associated with AD. In this Korean nationwide population-based cohort study, both HSV and VZV infections were associated with a higher risk of dementia, particularly AD. Among the subtypes of HSV infection, HSV1 is associated with a risk of dementia. Further studies including appropriate public health interventions could evaluate the causality of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongSoo Shim
- Department of Neurology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * Correspondence: YongSoo Shim, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, 1021, Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 03312, Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Minae Park
- Department of Data Science, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeYoung Kim
- Department of Statistics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Cesaroni V, Blandini F, Cerri S. Dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease: animal model, drug targets, and agents in preclinical testing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:837-851. [PMID: 36469635 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2153036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. PD patients exhibit a classic spectrum of motor symptoms, arising when dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are reduced by 60%. The dopamine precursor L-DOPA represents the most effective therapy for improving PD motor dysfunctions, thus far available. Unfortunately, long-term treatment with L-DOPA is associated with the development of severe side effects, resulting in abnormal involuntary movements termed levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Amantadine is the only drug currently approved for the treatment of LID indicating that LID management is still an unmet need in PD and encouraging the search for novel anti-dyskinetic drugs or the assessment of combined therapies with different molecular targets. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the main preclinical models used to study LID and of the latest preclinical evidence on experimental and clinically available pharmacological approaches targeting non-dopaminergic systems. EXPERT OPINION LIDs are supported by complex molecular and neurobiological mechanisms that are still being studied today. This complexity suggests the need of developing personalized pharmacological approach to obtain an effective amelioration of LID condition and improve the quality of life of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cesaroni
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation 27100, Pavia, Italy
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20
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Beserra-Filho JIA, Maria-Macêdo A, Silva-Martins S, Custódio-Silva AC, Soares-Silva B, Silva SP, Lambertucci RH, de Souza Araújo AA, Lucchese AM, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Santos JR, Silva RH, Ribeiro AM. Lippia grata essential oil complexed with β-cyclodextrin ameliorates biochemical and behavioral deficits in an animal model of progressive parkinsonism. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2331-2347. [PMID: 35779151 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is identified by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and is correlated to aggregates of proteins such as α-synuclein, Lewy's bodies. Although the PD etiology remains poorly understood, evidence suggests a main role of oxidative stress on this process. Lippia grata Schauer, known as "alecrim-do-mato", "alecrim-de-vaqueiro", "alecrim-da-chapada", is a native bush from tropical areas mainly distributed throughout the Central and South America. This plant species is commonly used in traditional medicine for relief of pain and inflammation conditions, and that has proven antioxidant effects. We evaluated the effects of essential oil of the L. grata after its complexed with β-cyclodextrin (LIP) on PD animal model induced by reserpine (RES). Behavioral assessments were performed across the treatment. Upon completion the treatment, the animals were euthanized, afterwards their brains were isolated and processed for immunohistochemical and oxidative stress analysis. The LIP treatment delayed the onset of the behavior of catalepsy, decreased the number of oral movements and prevented the memory impairment on the novel object recognition task. In addition, the treatment with LIP protected against dopaminergic depletion in the SNpc and dorsal striatum (STRd), and decreased the α-syn immunoreactivity in the SNpc and hippocampus (HIP). Moreover, there was reduction of the oxidative stability index. These findings demonstrated that the LIP treatment has neuroprotective effect in a progressive parkinsonism model, suggesting that LIP could be an important source for novel treatment approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ivo A Beserra-Filho
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Martins
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Pereira Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angélica Maria Lucchese
- Graduate Programm in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Ribeiro
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Katiyar P, Singh Rathore A, Banerjee S, Nathani S, Zahra W, Singh SP, Sircar D, Roy P. Wheatgrass extract imparts neuroprotective actions against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8474-8488. [PMID: 35861716 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich and diverse phytoconstituents of wheatgrass have established it as a natural antioxidant and detoxifying agent. The anti-inflammatory potential of wheatgrass has been studied extensively. However, the neuroprotective potential of wheatgrass has not been studied in depth. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective response of wheatgrass against age-related scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Scopolamine is an established anticholinergic drug that demonstrates the behavioural and molecular characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, wheatgrass extracts (prepared from 5 and 7 day old plantlets) were administered to scopolamine-induced memory deficit mice. The Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests demonstrated that wheatgrass treatment improves the behavior and simultaneously enhances the memory of amnesic mice. We further evaluated the expression of neuroinflammation related genes and proteins in the hippocampal region of mice. Wheatgrass significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of neuroprotective markers such as BDNF and CREB in scopolamine-induced mice. Simultaneously, wheatgrass also downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and tau genes in these mice. The treatment of scopolamine-induced memory impaired mice with wheatgrass resulted in an elevation in the level of the phosphorylated form of ERK and Akt proteins. Wheatgrass treatment of mice also regulated the phosphorylation of tau protein and simultaneously prevented its aggregation in the hippocampal region of the brain. Overall, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of wheatgrass in the treatment of age-related memory impairment, possibly through the involvement of ERK/Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway and concomitantly ameliorating the tau-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Katiyar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sandip Nathani
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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22
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Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the inclusion of cognition in definitions of successful aging (SA) according to empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals.Methods: A systematic review across ISI Web of Knowledge.Results: Of the 74 included studies, there were 65 studies (87.8%) analyzing cognition as one component of multicomponent SA model (cognitive component studies), and 9 studies (12.2%) focusing solely on successful cognitive aging (SCA studies). Most of the studies operationalized cognition in SA by defining SA group and analyzing single SA indicators. A minority of the studies calculated the SA index. Finally, emergent techniques to operationalize SA as a latent variable and emergent field of cognition in SA in pathology were identified.Conclusions: The results highlight that cognition is being included in SA using different levels of complexity. Even though research investigating SA in pathology is emerging, there is currently a lack of utilization of the concept in pathological and at-risk populations.Clinical implications: The current research of cognition in SA provides several valid options to evaluate if a person is aging successfully. The emerging research indicates that people from at-risk and pathological populations can age successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mana
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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23
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Neuroprotective Effects of Green Tea Seed Isolated Saponin Due to the Amelioration of Tauopathy and Alleviation of Neuroinflammation: A Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072079. [PMID: 35408478 PMCID: PMC9000224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathy is one of the major causes of neurodegenerative disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins by various kinases leads to the formation of PHF and NFT and eventually results in tauopathy and AD; similarly, neuroinflammation also exaggerates and accelerates neuropathy and neurodegeneration. Natural products with anti-tauopathy and anti-neuroinflammatory effects are highly recommended as safe and feasible ways of preventing and /or treating neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In the present study, we isolated theasaponin E1 from ethanol extract of green tea seed and evaluated its therapeutic inhibitory effects on tau hyper-phosphorylation and neuroinflammation in neuroblastoma (SHY-5Y) and glioblastoma (HTB2) cells, respectively, to elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects. The expression of tau-generating and phosphorylation-promoting genes under the effects of theasaponin E1 were determined and assessed by RT- PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. It was found that theasaponin E1 reduced hyperphosphorylation of tau and Aβ concentrations significantly, and dose-dependently, by suppressing the expression of GSK3 β, CDK5, CAMII, MAPK, EPOE4(E4), and PICALM, and enhanced the expression of PP1, PP2A, and TREM2. According to the ELISA and western blotting results, the levels of APP, Aβ, and p-tau were reduced by treatment with theasaponin E1. Moreover, theasaponin E1 reduced inflammation by suppressing the Nf-kB pathway and dose-dependently reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha etc.
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24
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Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Novak G, Kyriakis D, Grzyb K, Bernini M, Rodius S, Dittmar G, Finkbeiner S, Skupin A. Single-cell transcriptomics of human iPSC differentiation dynamics reveal a core molecular network of Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:49. [PMID: 35027645 PMCID: PMC8758783 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons (mDA) in the midbrain. The underlying mechanisms are only partly understood and there is no treatment to reverse PD progression. Here, we investigated the disease mechanism using mDA neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying the ILE368ASN mutation within the PINK1 gene, which is strongly associated with PD. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and gene expression analysis of a PINK1-ILE368ASN and a control cell line identified genes differentially expressed during mDA neuron differentiation. Network analysis revealed that these genes form a core network, members of which interact with all known 19 protein-coding Parkinson's disease-associated genes. This core network encompasses key PD-associated pathways, including ubiquitination, mitochondrial function, protein processing, RNA metabolism, and vesicular transport. Proteomics analysis showed a consistent alteration in proteins of dopamine metabolism, indicating a defect of dopaminergic metabolism in PINK1-ILE368ASN neurons. Our findings suggest the existence of a network onto which pathways associated with PD pathology converge, and offers an inclusive interpretation of the phenotypic heterogeneity of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Novak
- The Integrative Cell Signalling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, the Gladstone Institutes and Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- The Integrative Cell Signalling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- The Integrative Cell Signalling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michela Bernini
- The Integrative Cell Signalling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Rodius
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, the Gladstone Institutes and Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Skupin
- The Integrative Cell Signalling Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal and synaptic loss and inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of AD research has been dedicated to the understanding of two major AD hallmarks (i.e. Aβ and NFTs); however, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data indicate neuroinflammation as having a critical role in late-onset AD (LOAD) development, thus unveiling a novel avenue for AD therapeutics. Recent evidence has provided much support to the innate immune system's involvement with AD progression; however, much remains to be uncovered regarding the role of glial cells, specifically microglia, in AD. Moreover, numerous variants in immune and/or microglia-related genes have been identified in whole-genome sequencing and GWAS analyses, including such genes as TREM2, CD33, APOE, API1, MS4A, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, CR1, INPP5D, PICALM and PLCG2. In this review, we aim to provide an insight into the function of the major LOAD-associated microglia response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Jonas
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tanya Jain
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Weill Cornell, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Ogura H, Hatip-Al-Khatib I, Suenaga M, Hatip FB, Mishima T, Fujioka S, Ouma S, Matsunaga Y, Tsuboi Y. Circulatory 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2D as differential biomarkers between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease patients. eNeurologicalSci 2021; 25:100369. [PMID: 34611554 PMCID: PMC8477135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose There is sufficient evidence to support vitamin D's noncalcemic effects and the role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of a wide range of neurological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D could be used as biomarkers to differentiate between healthy subjects (HS), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of both genders. Methods A total of 107 subjects were included in this study, divided into three groups: 1- HS (n = 61), 2- MSA patients (n = 19), and 3- PD patients (n = 27). The patients were assessed using UMSARS II, UPDRS III, H&Y, MMSE and MoCA rating scales. The levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D in serum were determined using the radioimmunoassay technique. Results The levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D in HS were 26.85 +/- 7.62 ng/mL and 53.63 +/- 13.66 pg/mL respectively. 25(OH)D levels were lower in both MSA and PD by 61% and 50%, respectively (P = 0.0001 vs. HS). 1,25(OH) 2 D levels were lower in MSA by 29%(P = 0.001 vs HS). There was a correlation between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D in MSA and PD, but not in HS. 1,25(OH) 2 D regressed with MMSE (β = 0.476, P = 0.04, R 2 = 0.226) in MSA, and with UPDRS III (β = -0.432, P = 0.024, R 2 = 0.187) and MoCA (β = 0.582, P = 0.005,R 2 = 0.279) in PD. 25(OH)D displayed considerable differentiative strength between HS and MSA (Wald = 17.123, OR = 0.586, P = 0.0001; AUC = 0.982, sensitivity and Youden index = 0.882, P = 0.0001) and PD (Wald = 18.552, OR = 0.700, P = 0.0001; AUC = 0.943, sensitivity = 0.889, YI = 0.791, P = 0.0001). 1,25(OH) 2 D distinguished MSA from PD (Wald 16.178, OR = 1.117, P = 0.0001; AUC = 0.868, sensitivity = 0.926, Youden index =0.632, P = 0.0001). H&Y exhibited the highest sensitivity, AUC, and significant distinguishing power between MSA and PD. Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D could be useful biomarkers for MSA and PD. 25(OH)D and H&Y provided the highest sensitivity and group classification characteristics.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol)
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
- H&Y, Hoehn &Yahr rating scale
- Hoehn & Yahr staging scale
- MMSE, Mini mental state examination
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- Multiple system atrophy
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- UMSARS, Unified MSA Rating Scale
- UPDRS, Unified PD Rating Scale.
- Unified MSA rating scale
- Unified PD rating scale
- Vitamin D
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ogura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Midori Suenaga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima-Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Funda Bolukbasi Hatip
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Takayasu Mishima
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ouma
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsunaga
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Cao J, Huang M, Guo L, Zhu L, Hou J, Zhang L, Pero A, Ng S, El Gaamouch F, Elder G, Sano M, Goate A, Tcw J, Haroutunian V, Zhang B, Cai D. MicroRNA-195 rescues ApoE4-induced cognitive deficits and lysosomal defects in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4687-4701. [PMID: 32632205 PMCID: PMC7785685 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our recent findings link the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4)-specific changes in brain phosphoinositol biphosphate (PIP2) homeostasis to the susceptibility of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In the present study, we have identified miR-195 as a top micro-RNA candidate involved in the ApoE/PIP2 pathway using miRNA profiles in human ROSMAP datasets and mouse microarray studies. Further validation studies have demonstrated that levels of miR-195 are significantly lower in human brain tissue of ApoE4+/- patients with clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early AD when compared to ApoE4-/- subjects. In addition, brain miR-195 levels are reduced along with disease progression from normal aging to early AD, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) miR-195 levels of MCI subjects are positively correlated with cognitive performances as measured by mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and negatively correlated with CSF tau levels, suggesting the involvement of miR-195 in early development of AD with a potential impact on cognition. Similar differences in miR-195 levels are seen in ApoE4+/+ mouse hippocampal brain tissue and cultured neurons when compared to ApoE3+/+ counterparts. Over-expressing miR-195 reduces expression levels of its top predicted target synaptojanin 1 (synj1), a brain PIP2-degrading enzyme. Furthermore, elevating miR-195 ameliorates cognitive deficits, amyloid plaque burden, and tau hyper-phosphorylation in ApoE4+/+ mice. In addition, elevating miR-195 rescues AD-related lysosomal defects in inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived brain cells of ApoE4+/+ AD subjects while inhibiting miR-195 exacerbates these phenotypes. Together, our data uncover a novel regulatory mechanism of miR-195 targeted at ApoE4-associated brain PIP2 dyshomeostasis, cognitive deficits, and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Cao
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Min Huang
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jianwei Hou
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Larry Zhang
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adriana Pero
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sabrina Ng
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gregory Elder
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer Disease Rsearch Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer Disease Rsearch Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, MIRECC, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dongming Cai
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Alzheimer Disease Rsearch Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Gadhave K, Kumar D, Uversky VN, Giri R. A multitude of signaling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and their roles in AD pathogenesis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2689-2745. [PMID: 32783388 PMCID: PMC7876169 DOI: 10.1002/med.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology continue to represent a mystery. In the past decades, comprehensive data were generated on the involvement of different signaling pathways in the AD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of drugs against AD is rather limited due to the immense complexity of the brain and intricate molecular links between these pathways. Therefore, finding a correlation and cross-talk between these signaling pathways and establishing different therapeutic targets within and between those pathways are needed for better understanding of the biological events responsible for the AD-related neurodegeneration. For example, autophagy is a conservative cellular process that shows link with many other AD-related pathways and is crucial for maintenance of the correct cellular balance by degrading AD-associated pathogenic proteins. Considering the central role of autophagy in AD and its interplay with many other pathways, the finest therapeutic strategy to fight against AD is the use of autophagy as a target. As an essential step in this direction, this comprehensive review represents recent findings on the individual AD-related signaling pathways, describes key features of these pathways and their cross-talk with autophagy, represents current drug development, and introduces some of the multitarget beneficial approaches and strategies for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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30
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Zheng CQ, Fan HX, Li XX, Li JJ, Sheng S, Zhang F. Resveratrol Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683577. [PMID: 34248967 PMCID: PMC8267475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyskinesia is a serious complication of Parkinson’s disease during levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment. The pathophysiology of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is complex and not fully illuminated. At present, treatment of dyskinesia is quite limited. Recent studies demonstrated neuroinflammation plays an important role in development of LID. Thus, inhibition of neuroinflammation might open a new avenue for LID treatment. Resveratrol (RES) is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid and verified to possess a large variety of biological activities. DA neurotoxicity was assessed via behavior test and DA neuronal quantification. The movement disorders of dyskinesia were detected by the abnormal involuntary movements scores analysis. Effects of RES on glial cells-elicited neuroinflammation were also explored. Data showed that RES attenuated dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA without affecting L-DOPA’s anti-parkinsonian effects. Furthermore, RES generated neuroprotection against long term treatment of L-DOPA-induced DA neuronal damage. Meanwhile, RES reduced protein expression of dyskinesia molecular markers, ΔFOS B and ERK, in the striatum. Also, there was a strong negative correlation between DA system damage and ΔFOS B level in the striatum. In addition, RES inhibited microglia and astroglia activation in substantia nigra and subsequent inflammatory responses in the striatum during L-DOPA treatment. RES alleviates dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA and these beneficial effects are closely associated with protection against DA neuronal damage and inhibition of glial cells-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuo Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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31
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Mychajliw C, Herrmann ML, Suenkel U, Brand K, von Thaler AK, Wurster I, Yilmaz R, Eschweiler GW, Metzger FG. Impaired Executive Function and Depression as Independent Risk Factors for Reported Delirium Symptoms: An Observational Cohort Study Over 8 Years. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:676734. [PMID: 34163350 PMCID: PMC8215445 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.676734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute medical illnesses, surgical interventions, or admissions to hospital in older individuals are frequently associated with a delirium. In this cohort study, we investigated the impact of specific cognitive domains and depression before the occurrence of delirium symptoms in an 8-year observation of older non-hospitalized individuals. Methods In total, we included 807 participants (48–83 years). Deficits in specific cognitive domains were measured using the CERAD test battery, and depressive symptoms were measured using Beck Depression Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) before the onset of a delirium. Delirium symptoms were retrospectively assessed by a questionnaire based on the established Nursing Delirium Screening Scale. Results Fifty-eight of eight hundred seven participants (7.2%) reported delirium symptoms over the 8-year course of the study. Sixty-nine percent (n = 40) of reported delirium symptoms were related to surgeries. In multivariate regression analysis, impaired executive function was an independent risk factor (p = 0.034) for the occurrence of delirium symptoms. Furthermore, age (p = 0.014), comorbidities [captured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)] (p < 0.001), and depression (p = 0.012) were significantly associated with reported delirium symptoms. Conclusion Especially prior to elective surgery or medical interventions, screening for impaired executive function and depression could be helpful to identify patients who are at risk to develop delirium symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mychajliw
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias L Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Suenkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Brand
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina von Thaler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rezzak Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Ankara Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gerhard W Eschweiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian G Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vitos Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Haina, Haina, Germany
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32
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Kang D, Waldvogel HJ, Wang A, Fan D, Faull RLM, Curtis MA, Shorten PR, Guan J. The autocrine regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in human brain of Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105191. [PMID: 33706042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) regulate circulating IGF-1 function that is associated with cognition. The association between IGF-1 function and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive. This study evaluated the changes of IGFBPs and cGP, and their effects on the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in human brain of AD cases. METHODS Using biological and mathematic analysis we measured the concentrations of total, bound and unbound forms of IGF-1, IGFBPs and cGP in the inferior-frontal gyrus and middle-frontal gyrus of human AD (n = 15) and control cases (n = 15). The association between the changes of total concentration of these peptides and total protein concentration in brain tissues were also analyzed. RESULTS The unbound bioavailable IGF-1 was lower whereas the bound cGP and IGFBP-3 were higher in AD than the control cases. Total protein that was lower in AD than control cases, was negatively associated with cGP concentration of control cases and with IGFBP-3 concentration of AD cases. CONCLUSIONS The results provide direct evidence for IGF-1 deficiency in AD brain due to lower bioavailable IGF-1. The increase of bound IGFBP-3 impaired autocrine regulation. The increase of bound cGP is an autocrine response to improve the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in AD brain. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Additional datasets analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Dawei Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul R Shorten
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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Jafarzadeh G, Shakerian S, Farbood Y, Ghanbarzadeh M. Effects of Eight Weeks of Resistance Exercises on Neurotrophins and Trk Receptors in Alzheimer Model Male Wistar Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:349-359. [PMID: 34917294 PMCID: PMC8666928 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluates the effects of 8 weeks of resistance exercises on the expression of neurotrophins and Trk receptors in Alzheimer model male Wistar rats. METHODS For this purpose, 32 mature male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 230-280 g were chosen and divided into Alzheimer and Sham groups. The rats in the sham group received normal saline, while the ones in the Alzheimer group received streptomycin via intraventricular injection. These rats were then divided into the following four subgroups: 1) resting sham, 2) exercising sham, 3) resting Alzheimer, and 4) exercising Alzheimer. The two exercising rat subgroups exercised three times a week for 8 weeks. A weight was attached to their tails, and they had to carry it on a 26-step ladder in each cycle. Resting groups were handled every day to minimize the effects of stress. At the end of the eighth week and 24 hours after the last exercise session (to avoid the effects of the last exercise session), the rats were put under deep anesthesia and beheaded. Hippocampus tissues were precisely extracted, and samples were sent to the laboratory for molecular and cellular tests. To investigate gene expression, quantitative RTPCR was used. RESULTS The tests for comparing the mean values of BDNF, NT3, NGF, TrkA, and TrkB in two rat groups showed that with error levels of less than 5%, there is a significant difference in the amounts of BDNF, NT3, NGF, TrkA, and TrkB between exercising rats and resting ones. These amounts were much higher in the exercising Alzheimer rats group. CONCLUSION Eight weeks of resistance exercises increased the expression of BDNF, NT3, and NGF genes and TrkA and TrkB receptors in Alzheimer model Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhasan Jafarzadeh
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shakerian
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Khalij Fars Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Unzeta M, Hernàndez-Guillamon M, Sun P, Solé M. SSAO/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073365. [PMID: 33805974 PMCID: PMC8036996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) or primary amine oxidase (PrAO), is a deaminating enzyme highly expressed in vessels that generates harmful products as a result of its enzymatic activity. As a multifunctional enzyme, it is also involved in inflammation through its ability to bind and promote the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Inflammation is present in different systemic and cerebral diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These pathologies show important affectations on cerebral vessels, together with increased SSAO levels. This review summarizes the main roles of SSAO/VAP-1 in human physiology and pathophysiology and discusses the mechanisms by which it can affect the onset and progression of both stroke and AD. As there is an evident interrelationship between stroke and AD, basically through the vascular system dysfunction, the possibility that SSAO/VAP-1 could be involved in the transition between these two pathologies is suggested. Hence, its inhibition is proposed to be an interesting therapeutical approach to the brain damage induced in these both cerebral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Auònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mar Hernàndez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-896-766
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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Potential of Naturally Derived Alkaloids as Multi-Targeted Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030728. [PMID: 33573300 PMCID: PMC7866829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites that can be derived from plants, fungi and marine sponges. They are widely known as a continuous source of medicine for the management of chronic disease including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, galanthamine and huperzine A are alkaloid derivatives currently being used for the symptomatic management of neurodegenerative disease. The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is polygenic and multifactorial including but not limited to inflammation, oxidative stress and protein aggregation. Therefore, natural-product-based alkaloids with polypharmacology modulation properties are potentially useful for further drug development or, to a lesser extent, as nutraceuticals to manage neurodegeneration. This review aims to discuss and summarise recent developments in relation to naturally derived alkaloids for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Silva C, Pinto M, Fernandes C, Benfeito S, Borges F. Antioxidant Therapy and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Lessons From Clinical Trials. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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37
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Synthesis, structural investigations, DFT studies, and neurotrophic activity of zinc complex with a multidentate ligand. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xu W, Ocak U, Gao L, Tu S, Lenahan CJ, Zhang J, Shao A. Selective autophagy as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1369-1392. [PMID: 33067655 PMCID: PMC7904548 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurological diseases primarily include acute injuries, chronic neurodegeneration, and others (e.g., infectious diseases of the central nervous system). Autophagy is a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation of misfolded protein aggregates and damaged organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy, particularly selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, pexophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy, lipophagy, etc., is closely implicated in neurological diseases. These forms of selective autophagy are controlled by a group of important proteins, including PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, p62, optineurin (OPTN), neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1), and nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein 1 (NUFIP1). This review highlights the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of different types of selective autophagy, and their implications in various forms of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 16310, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, 16110, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Pazos-Tomas CC, Cruz-Venegas A, Pérez-Santiago AD, Sánchez-Medina MA, Matías-Pérez D, García-Montalvo IA. Vitis vinifera: An Alternative for the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1147-1161. [PMID: 32908097 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To present a systematic review of published studies in databases such as PUBMED, REDALYC, SCIELO, DIALNET, SCOPUS, EBSCO and CONRICYT related to the role-played by the components present in the vegetable oil of grape seed (Vitis vinífera) and the prevention or delay in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of the research revealed that neurodegenerative diseases causes alterations in consciousness or in the nervous system leading to severe damage in neuronal cells, these pathologies are considered gradual and progressive. Various syndromes manifest the degenerative diseases of the nervous system; in some of them the predominant symptom is the progressive dementia. Among the components of the diet that in numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association are vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, the latter being the ones addressed in this document. There is an important evidence that a nutritional support based on polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants can be applied to subjects with a history of neurodegenerative conditions in order to act as neuroprotectors. This requires the determination of the nutritional benefits of these nutrients or of nutraceuticals for the health of this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cecilia Pazos-Tomas
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca
| | - Araceli Cruz-Venegas
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca
| | - Alma Dolores Pérez-Santiago
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca
| | | | - Diana Matías-Pérez
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca
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Hsieh YL, Su FY, Tsai LK, Huang CC, Ko YL, Su LW, Chen KY, Shih HM, Hu CM, Lee WH. NPGPx-Mediated Adaptation to Oxidative Stress Protects Motor Neurons from Degeneration in Aging by Directly Modulating O-GlcNAcase. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2134-2143.e7. [PMID: 31747588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, usually occurs in middle-aged people. However, the molecular basis of age-related cumulative stress in ALS pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we found that mice deficient in NPGPx (GPx7), an oxidative stress sensor, develop ALS-like phenotypes, including paralysis, muscle denervation, and motor neurons loss. Unlike normal spinal motor neurons that exhibit elevated O-GlcNAcylation against age-dependent oxidative stress, NPGPx-deficient spinal motor neurons fail to boost O-GlcNAcylation and exacerbate ROS accumulation, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, stress-activated NPGPx inhibits O-GlcNAcase (OGA) through disulfide bonding to fine-tune global O-GlcNAcylation. Pharmacological inhibition of OGA rescues spinal motor neuron loss in aged NPGPx-deficient mice. Furthermore, expression of NPGPx in ALS patients is significantly lower than in unaffected adults. These results suggest that NPGPx modulates O-GlcNAcylation by inhibiting OGA to cope with age-dependent oxidative stress and protect motor neurons from degeneration, providing a potential therapeutic axis for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ling Ko
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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41
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Castela I, Hernandez LF. Shedding light on dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2398-2413. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castela
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Ledia F. Hernandez
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
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Jin J, Xue L, Bai X, Zhang X, Tian Q, Xie A. Association between epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135273. [PMID: 32712352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra is recognized as an important pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several research studies have suggested that the EGFR signaling pathway may play a significant role in the survival and functional development of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, genetic variations in these pathways may be related with PD susceptibility. The aim of our study was to explore the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, including rs730437, rs3752651 and rs11506105, and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A total of 870 Han Chinese subjects, including 435 PD patients and 435 healthy controls, were enrolled in this case-control study. Peripheral blood was obtained from all subjects for DNA extraction, and selected SNPs (rs730437, rs3752651, rs11506105) of the EGFR gene were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Differences in the frequencies of genotype and allele gene polymorphisms between patients with PD and healthy controls were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was applied for calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate potential associations. RESULTS We observed statistically significant differences in rs730437 in the additive models (AC vs. AA: P = 0.047), dominant models (CC + AC vs. AA: P = 0.024) and alleles (C vs. A: P = 0.018). Further subgroup analyses indicated that the C allele of rs730437 showed lower prevalence in the EOPD, compared with matched controls (P = 0.005). The frequency of the GG genotype and G allele for rs11506105 was lower in PD subjects than in healthy controls in the entire study population (P = 0.028, P = 0.034, respectively) and female group (P = 0.024, P = 0.007, respectively). No significant association was found between rs3752651 polymorphism and PD susceptibility in either the whole or subgroup analyses. The analysis of gene haplotypes revealed that the AAT haplotype was related with PD susceptibility. CONCLUSION The rs730437 and rs11506105 polymorphisms, but not the rs3752651 polymorphism, of the EGFR gene may be related with susceptibility to PD in a Han Chinese population. An investigation using a larger sample size is warranted to further analyze potential associations between the EGFR gene and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Xue
- Recording Room, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinling Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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43
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Summary-Based Methylome-Wide Association Analyses Suggest Potential Genetically Driven Epigenetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051489. [PMID: 32429084 PMCID: PMC7290473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no curative treatment available. Exploring the genetic and non-genetic contributors to AD pathogenesis is essential to better understand its underlying biological mechanisms, and to develop novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. We investigated potential genetically driven epigenetic heterogeneity of AD through summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), which combined results from our previous genome-wide association analyses with those from two publicly available methylation quantitative trait loci studies of blood and brain tissue samples. We found that 152 probes corresponding to 113 genes were epigenetically associated with AD at a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 5.49E-07. Of these, 10 genes had significant probes in both brain-specific and blood-based analyses. Comparing males vs. females and hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive subjects, we found that 22 and 79 probes had group-specific associations with AD, respectively, suggesting a potential role for such epigenetic modifications in the heterogeneous nature of AD. Our analyses provided stronger evidence for possible roles of four genes (i.e., AIM2, C16orf80, DGUOK, and ST14) in AD pathogenesis as they were also transcriptionally associated with AD. The identified associations suggest a list of prioritized genes for follow-up functional studies and advance our understanding of AD pathogenesis.
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Targeting the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:453-463. [PMID: 32132659 PMCID: PMC7468250 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.
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45
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Iessi E, Marconi M, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Malorni W, Garofalo T, Matarrese P. On the role of sphingolipids in cell survival and death. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 351:149-195. [PMID: 32247579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, universal components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to mammals, in addition of playing a structural role, also play an important part of signal transduction pathways. They participate or, also, ignite several fundamental subcellular signaling processes but, more in general, they directly contribute to key biological activities such as cell motility, growth, senescence, differentiation as well as cell fate, i.e., survival or death. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway displays an intricate network of reactions that result in the formation of multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Different sphingolipids, that have key roles in determining cell fate, can induce opposite effects: as a general rule, sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes cell survival and differentiation, whereas ceramide is known to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, together with cholesterol, sphingolipids also represent the basic lipid component of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains directly involved in cell death and survival processes. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of sphingolipids and lipid membrane microdomains. In particular, we will consider the involvement of various sphingolipids per se and of lipid rafts in apoptotic pathway, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in nonapoptotic cell death, in autophagy, and in cell differentiation. In addition, their roles in the most common physiological and pathological contexts either as pathogenetic elements or as biomarkers of diseases will be considered. We would also hint how the manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism could represent a potential therapeutic target to be investigated and functionally validated especially for those diseases for which therapeutic options are limited or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marconi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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46
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Shakeri S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Roghanian R, Afshar EG, Pardakhty A, Mohammadinejad R, Kumar A, Thakur VK. Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E13. [PMID: 31941057 PMCID: PMC7168063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier to prevent the central nervous system (CNS) from damage by substances that originate from the blood circulation. The BBB limits drug penetration into the brain and is one of the major clinical obstacles to the treatment of CNS diseases. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been tested for overcoming this barrier and releasing related drugs into the brain matrix. In this review, nanoparticles (NPs) from simple to developed delivery systems are discussed for the delivery of a drug to the brain. This review particularly focuses on polymeric nanomaterials that have been used for CNS treatment. Polymeric NPs such as polylactide (PLA), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA), human serum albumin (HSA), gelatin, and chitosan are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Shakeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Rasoul Roghanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746, Iran;
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran;
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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Aziz E, Batool R, Akhtar W, Rehman S, Shahzad T, Malik A, Shariati MA, Laishevtcev A, Plygun S, Heydari M, Rauf A, Ahmed Arif S. Xanthophyll: Health benefits and therapeutic insights. Life Sci 2019; 240:117104. [PMID: 31783054 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophylls constitute a major part of carotenoids in nature. They are an oxidized version of carotenoid. Xanthophyll has widely drawn scientists' attentions in terms of its functionality, bioavailability and diversity. An assortment of xanthophyll varieties includes lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, capsanthin, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin. Chemically, lutein and zeaxanthin are dipolar carotenoids with hydroxyl groups at both ends of their molecules that bestow hydrophilic properties to them. Hydrophilic affinity in lutein and zeaxanthin makes better bioavailability in reaction with singlet oxygen in water phase, whereas non-polar carotenoids have shown to have less efficiency in scavenging free radicals. Xanthophylls have been studied for their effects in a wide variety of diseases including neurologic, ophthalmologic, oral, allergic and immune diseases. This review highlights pharmaco-pharmaceutical applications of xanthophylls as well asits drug interactions with beta-carotene. Different types of xanthophylls have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. Fucoxanthin demonstrated potent antiplasmodial activity. Lutein and zeaxanthin prevent the progression of age related macular degeneration. They have also demonstrated promising effects on uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, scleritis, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal ischemia and choroideremia. Astaxanthin showed to have skin protecting effects against ultraviolet light injury. Astaxanthin have anti-allergic activity against the contact dermatitis especially to treat the patients having adverse reactions induced by steroids. Astaxanthin has been reported to exert beneficial effects in preventing oral lichen planus and early stage cancers. β-cryptoxanthin has been considered a good candidate for prevention of bone loss via osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. There is also some concern that higher dose of xanthophylls may be linked to increased risk of skin cancer and gastric adenocarcinoma. However this increased risk was not statistically significant when adjusted for confounding factors. Further researches including clinical studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of xanthophylls in prevention and treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, GDC Khanpur, Haripur, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-UAAR, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tasmeena Shahzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia
| | - Alexey Laishevtcev
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia; Federal Research Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Y.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Sergey Plygun
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel 4051, Switzerland; All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region 143050, Russia
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheer Ahmed Arif
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tricities, 2710, Crimson way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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48
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Olsen AL, Riise T, Scherzer CR. Discovering New Benefits From Old Drugs With Big Data-Promise for Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:917-920. [PMID: 29710184 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Olsen
- Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trond Riise
- Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neurogenomics Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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49
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Palakurthi B, Burugupally SP. Postural Instability in Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090239. [PMID: 31540441 PMCID: PMC6770017 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which typically affects older adults; it is predicted that by 2030 about 3% of the world population above 65 years of age is likely to be affected. At present, the diagnosis of PD is clinical, subjective, nonspecific, and often inadequate. There is a need to quantify the PD factors for an objective disease assessment. Among the various factors, postural instability (PI) is unresponsive to the existing treatment strategies resulting in morbidity. In this work, we review the physiology and pathophysiology of postural balance that is essential to treat PI among PD patients. Specifically, we discuss some of the reported factors for an early PI diagnosis, including age, nervous system lesions, genetic mutations, abnormal proprioception, impaired reflexes, and altered biomechanics. Though the contributing factors to PI have been identified, how their quantification to grade PI severity in a patient can help in treatment is not fully understood. By contextualizing the contributing factors, we aim to assist the future research efforts that underpin posturographical and histopathological studies to measure PI in PD. Once the pathology of PI is established, effective diagnostic tools and treatment strategies could be developed to curtail patient falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Palakurthi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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50
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Mesa-Herrera F, Taoro-González L, Valdés-Baizabal C, Diaz M, Marín R. Lipid and Lipid Raft Alteration in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Window for the Development of New Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3810. [PMID: 31382686 PMCID: PMC6696273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the brain are major components playing structural functions as well as physiological roles in nerve cells, such as neural communication, neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, membrane compartmentalization, and regulation of gene expression. Determination of brain lipid composition may provide not only essential information about normal brain functioning, but also about changes with aging and diseases. Indeed, deregulations of specific lipid classes and lipid homeostasis have been demonstrated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that membrane microdomains, named lipid rafts, may change their composition in correlation with neuronal impairment. Lipid rafts are key factors for signaling processes for cellular responses. Lipid alteration in these signaling platforms may correlate with abnormal protein distribution and aggregation, toxic cell signaling, and other neuropathological events related with these diseases. This review highlights the manner lipid changes in lipid rafts may participate in the modulation of neuropathological events related to AD and PD. Understanding and characterizing these changes may contribute to the development of novel and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in routinely clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology
| | - Lucas Taoro-González
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC "Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases", University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Raquel Marín
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain.
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC "Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases", University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain.
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