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Trybus W, Trybus E, Król T. Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
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Gulbins A, Görtz GE, Gulbins E, Eckstein A. Sphingolipids in thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170884. [PMID: 37082124 PMCID: PMC10112667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is caused by an autoimmune formation of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The autoimmune reaction does not only lead to overstimulation of the thyroid gland, but very often also to an immune reaction against antigens within the orbital tissue leading to thyroid eye disease, which is characterized by activation of orbital fibroblasts, orbital generation of adipocytes and myofibroblasts and increased hyaluronan production in the orbit. Thyroid eye disease is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. Several studies indicate an important role of sphingolipids, in particular the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system and sphingosine 1-phosphate in thyroid eye disease. Here, we discuss how the biophysical properties of sphingolipids contribute to cell signaling, in particular in the context of thyroid eye disease. We further review the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in autoimmune diseases and its function in T lymphocytes to provide some novel hypotheses for the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease and potentially allowing the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
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3
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Westhölter D, Raspe J, Uebner H, Pipping J, Schmitz M, Straßburg S, Sutharsan S, Welsner M, Taube C, Reuter S. Regulatory T cell enhancement in adults with cystic fibrosis receiving Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107437. [PMID: 36875141 PMCID: PMC9978140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF), especially CF lung disease, is characterized by chronic infection, immune dysfunction including impairment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and an exaggerated inflammatory response. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have shown to improve clinical outcomes in people with CF (PwCF) with a wide range of CFTR mutations. However, it remains unclear whether CFTR modulator therapy also affects CF-associated inflammation. We aimed to examine the effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy on lymphocyte subsets and systemic cytokines in PwCF. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma were collected before and at three and six months after the initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy; lymphocyte subsets and systemic cytokines were determined using flow cytometry. Results Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment was initiated in 77 PwCF and improved percent predicted FEV1 by 12.5 points (p<0.001) at 3 months. During elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy, percentages of Tregs were enhanced (+18.7%, p<0.001), with an increased proportion of Tregs expressing CD39 as a marker of stability (+14.4%, p<0.001). Treg enhancement was more pronounced in PwCF clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Only minor, non-significant shifts were observed among Th1-, Th2- and Th17-expressing effector T helper cells. These results were stable at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Cytokine measurements showed a significant decrease in interleukin-6 levels during treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (-50.2%, p<0.001). Conclusion Treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor was associated with an increased percentage of Tregs, especially in PwCF clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Targeting Treg homeostasis is a therapeutic option for PwCF with persistent Treg impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westhölter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Uebner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pipping
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona Schmitz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Straßburg
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
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Tanaka A, Honda T, Yasue M, Yamazaki R, Hatakeyama H, Hisaka A, Mashimo M, Kohama T, Nakamura H, Murayama T. Effects of ceramide kinase knockout on lipopolysaccharide-treated sepsis-model mice: Changes in serum cytokine/chemokine levels and increased lethality. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Cuthbertson L, Turner SE, Jackson A, Ranson C, Loosemore M, Kelleher P, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Hull JH, Shah A. Evidence of immunometabolic dysregulation and airway dysbiosis in athletes susceptible to respiratory illness. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:104024. [PMID: 35490556 PMCID: PMC9062742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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Conway J, Certo M, Lord JM, Mauro C, Duggal NA. Understanding the role of host metabolites in the induction of immune senescence: Future strategies for keeping the ageing population healthy. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1808-1824. [PMID: 34435354 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by significant remodelling of the immune system, termed immune senescence, and increased systemic inflammation, termed inflammageing, both of which contribute towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. Age-associated alterations in metabolic homeostasis have been linked with changes in a range of physiological functions, but their effects on immune senescence remains poorly understood. In this article, we review the recent literature to formulate hypotheses as to how an age-associated dysfunctional metabolism, driven by an accumulation of key host metabolites (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramides and lactate) and loss of other metabolites (glutamine, tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids), might play a role in driving immune senescence and inflammageing, ultimately leading to diseases of old age. We also highlight the potential use of metabolic immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these processes in counteracting immune senescence and restoring immune homeostasis in older adults. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chen YH, Liu RH, Cui YZ, Hettinghouse A, Fu WY, Zhang L, Zhang C, Liu CJ. Penfluridol targets acid sphingomyelinase to inhibit TNF signaling and is therapeutic against inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:27. [PMID: 35045889 PMCID: PMC8767691 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penfluridol, isolated from an FDA-approved small-molecule drug library as an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated NF-κB activation, is clinically used to treat chronic schizophrenia and related disorders. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of penfluridol on TNFα-stimulated inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Various in vitro studies to confirm the inhibitory effect of penfluridol on TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages or Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. In vivo studies assessed the therapeutic effects of penfluridol in various disease models, including TNFα transgenic mice, collagen-induced arthritis, DSS-induced colitis, and TNBS-induced colitis. Identification and characterization of the binding of penfluridol to acid sphingomyelinase using bioinformatics and drug affinity responsive target stability assay. Acid sphingomyelinase activity assays to reveal penfluridol-mediated inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase activity. siRNA knockdown experiments to illustrate the dependence of penfluridol's anti-TNF activity on acid sphingomyelinase. RESULTS Penfluridol effectively inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB activation in vitro and alleviated the severity of arthritis and colitis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that penfluridol bound to acid sphingomyelinase and inhibited its activation. In addition, knockdown of acid sphingomyelinase largely abolished the inhibitory effects of penfluridol on TNFα-induced inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, penfluridol suppressed the differentiation of spleen naive CD4+T cells to TH1 and TH17 and inhibited M1 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION This study provides the rationale for the possible innovative use of penfluridol as a newly identified small-molecule drug for TNFα-driven diseases, such as inflammatory arthritis and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Rong-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ya-Zhou Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Wen-Yu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Rm 1608, HJD, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Hose M, Günther A, Naser E, Schumacher F, Schönberger T, Falkenstein J, Papadamakis A, Kleuser B, Becker KA, Gulbins E, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Hansen W. Cell-intrinsic ceramides determine T cell function during melanoma progression. eLife 2022; 11:83073. [PMID: 36426850 PMCID: PMC9699697 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) and acid ceramidase (Ac) are parts of the sphingolipid metabolism. Asm hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which is further metabolized to sphingosine by Ac. Ceramide generates ceramide-enriched platforms that are involved in receptor clustering within cellular membranes. However, the impact of cell-intrinsic ceramide on T cell function is not well characterized. By using T cell-specific Asm- or Ac-deficient mice, with reduced or elevated ceramide levels in T cells, we identified ceramide to play a crucial role in T cell function in vitro and in vivo. T cell-specific ablation of Asm in Smpd1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Asm/CD4cre) mice resulted in enhanced tumor progression associated with impaired T cell responses, whereas Asah1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Ac/CD4cre) mice showed reduced tumor growth rates and elevated T cell activation compared to the respective controls upon tumor transplantation. Further in vitro analysis revealed that decreased ceramide content supports CD4+ regulatory T cell differentiation and interferes with cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, elevated ceramide concentration in CD8+ T cells from Ac/CD4cre mice was associated with enhanced cytotoxic activity. Strikingly, ceramide co-localized with the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD3 in the membrane of stimulated T cells and phosphorylation of TCR signaling molecules was elevated in Ac-deficient T cells. Hence, our results indicate that modulation of ceramide levels, by interfering with the Asm or Ac activity has an effect on T cell differentiation and function and might therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T cell-dependent diseases such as tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Eyad Naser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Tina Schönberger
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Julia Falkenstein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Athanasios Papadamakis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
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Pinto C, Sousa D, Ghilas V, Dardis A, Scarpa M, Macedo MF. Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency: A Clinical and Immunological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12870. [PMID: 34884674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme, leading to the accumulation of varying degrees of sphingomyelin. Lipid storage leads to foam cell infiltration in tissues, and clinical features including hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary insufficiency and in some cases central nervous system involvement. ASM enzyme replacement therapy is currently in clinical trial being the first treatment addressing the underlying pathology of the disease. Therefore, presently, it is critical to better comprehend ASMD to improve its diagnose and monitoring. Lung disease, including recurrent pulmonary infections, are common in ASMD patients. Along with lung disease, several immune system alterations have been described both in patients and in ASMD animal models, thus highlighting the role of ASM enzyme in the immune system. In this review, we summarized the pivotal roles of ASM in several immune system cells namely on macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, B cells and T cells. In addition, an overview of diagnose, monitoring and treatment of ASMD is provided highlighting the new enzyme replacement therapy available.
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10
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Ishay Y, Potruch A, Schwartz A, Berg M, Jamil K, Agus S, Ilan Y. A digital health platform for assisting the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 progression: An adjuvant approach for augmenting the antiviral response and mitigating the immune-mediated target organ damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112228. [PMID: 34649354 PMCID: PMC8455249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory illness associated with high mortality, has been classified as a pandemic. The major obstacles for the clinicians to contain the disease are limited information availability, difficulty in disease diagnosis, predicting disease prognosis, and lack of disease monitoring tools. Additionally, the lack of valid therapies has further contributed to the difficulties in containing the pandemic. Recent studies have reported that the dysregulation of the immune system leads to an ineffective antiviral response and promotes pathological immune response, which manifests as ARDS, myocarditis, and hepatitis. In this study, a novel platform has been described for disseminating information to physicians for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with COVID-19. An adjuvant approach using compounds that can potentiate antiviral immune response and mitigate COVID-19-induced immune-mediated target organ damage has been presented. A prolonged beneficial effect is achieved by implementing algorithm-based individualized variability measures in the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Assaf Potruch
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Asaf Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Marc Berg
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, USA.
| | - Khurram Jamil
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel.
| | - Samuel Agus
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel.
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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11
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Raza Y, Salman H, Luberto C. Sphingolipids in Hematopoiesis: Exploring Their Role in Lineage Commitment. Cells 2021; 10:2507. [PMID: 34685487 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, associated enzymes, and the sphingolipid pathway are implicated in complex, multifaceted roles impacting several cell functions, such as cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and more through intrinsic and autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Given this broad range of functions, it comes as no surprise that a large body of evidence points to important functions of sphingolipids in hematopoiesis. As the understanding of the processes that regulate hematopoiesis and of the specific characteristics that define each type of hematopoietic cells is being continuously refined, the understanding of the roles of sphingolipid metabolism in hematopoietic lineage commitment is also evolving. Recent findings indicate that sphingolipid alterations can modulate lineage commitment from stem cells all the way to megakaryocytic, erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. For instance, recent evidence points to the ability of de novo sphingolipids to regulate the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells while a substantial body of literature implicates various sphingolipids in specialized terminal differentiation, such as thrombopoiesis. This review provides a comprehensive discussion focused on the mechanisms that link sphingolipids to the commitment of hematopoietic cells to the different lineages, also highlighting yet to be resolved questions.
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12
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Mohan AA, Tomaszewski WH, Haskell-Mendoza AP, Hotchkiss KM, Singh K, Reedy JL, Fecci PE, Sampson JH, Khasraw M. Targeting Immunometabolism in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696402. [PMID: 34222022 PMCID: PMC8242259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have only recently begun to understand how cancer metabolism affects antitumor responses and immunotherapy outcomes. Certain immunometabolic targets have been actively pursued in other tumor types, however, glioblastoma research has been slow to exploit the therapeutic vulnerabilities of immunometabolism. In this review, we highlight the pathways that are most relevant to glioblastoma and focus on how these immunometabolic pathways influence tumor growth and immune suppression. We discuss hypoxia, glycolysis, tryptophan metabolism, arginine metabolism, 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) metabolism, adenosine metabolism, and altered phospholipid metabolism, in order to provide an analysis and overview of the field of glioblastoma immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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13
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Kucuk S, Niven J, Caamano J, Jones SW, Camacho-Muñoz D, Nicolaou A, Mauro C. Unwrapping the mechanisms of ceramide and fatty acid-initiated signals leading to immune-inflammatory responses in obesity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105972. [PMID: 33864951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a global epidemic developed in part as a consequence of the overconsumption of high fat diets. One of the main negative outcomes of obesity is the development of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, induced by dysregulated immune responses, which can lead to multiple obesity-related diseases. Ceramides are a group of bioactive lipids known to be elevated in obesity and obesity-associated conditions, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Ceramides may be key players in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory environment due to their ability to activate key pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLR pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (Nlrp3), while studies have shown that inhibition of ceramide synthesis gives rise to an anti-inflammatory environment. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been of interest due to their anti-inflammatory actions and shown to have beneficial effects in obesity-related diseases. This review will highlight the impact of ceramides in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory microenvironment and discuss how n-3 PUFA could potentially counteract these responses and have a regulatory effect promoting immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Kucuk
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Niven
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jorge Caamano
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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14
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Rhein C, Zoicas I, Marx LM, Zeitler S, Hepp T, von Zimmermann C, Mühle C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Lenz B, Erim Y, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. mRNA Expression of SMPD1 Encoding Acid Sphingomyelinase Decreases upon Antidepressant Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115700. [PMID: 34071826 PMCID: PMC8198802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition with key symptoms of low mood and lack of motivation, joy, and pleasure. Recently, the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. ASM is a lysosomal glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, an abundant component of membranes, into the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide, which impacts signaling pathways. ASM activity is inhibited by several common antidepressant drugs. Human and murine studies have confirmed that increased ASM activity and ceramide levels are correlated with MDD. To define a molecular marker for treatment monitoring, we investigated the mRNA expression of SMPD1, which encodes ASM, in primary cell culture models, a mouse study, and a human study with untreated MDD patients before and after antidepressive treatment. Our cell culture study showed that a common antidepressant inhibited ASM activity at the enzymatic level and also at the transcriptional level. In a genetically modified mouse line with depressive-like behavior, Smpd1 mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampal tissue was significantly decreased after treatment with a common antidepressant. The large human study showed that SMPD1 mRNA expression in untreated MDD patients decreased significantly after antidepressive treatment. This translational study shows that SMPD1 mRNA expression could serve as a molecular marker for treatment and adherence monitoring of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-44542
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Lena M. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
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15
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Xiang H, Jin S, Tan F, Xu Y, Lu Y, Wu T. Physiological functions and therapeutic applications of neutral sphingomyelinase and acid sphingomyelinase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111610. [PMID: 33957567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) can be converted into ceramide (Cer) by neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Cer is a second messenger of lipids and can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. Increasing evidence shows that NSM and ASM play key roles in many processes, such as apoptosis, immune function and inflammation. Therefore, NSM and ASM have broad prospects in clinical treatments, especially in cancer, cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and the phenotype of dwarfisms in adolescents, playing a complex regulatory role. This review focuses on the physiological functions of NSM and ASM and summarizes their roles in certain diseases and their potential applications in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglang Tan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wiese T, Dennstädt F, Hollmann C, Stonawski S, Wurst C, Fink J, Gorte E, Mandasari P, Domschke K, Hommers L, Vanhove B, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Seibel J, Rohr J, Buttmann M, Menke A, Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase increases regulatory T cells in humans. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab020. [PMID: 33898989 PMCID: PMC8054263 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic deficiency for acid sphingomyelinase or its pharmacological inhibition has been shown to increase Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell frequencies among CD4+ T cells in mice. We now investigated whether pharmacological targeting of the acid sphingomyelinase, which catalyzes the cleavage of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine, also allows to manipulate relative CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell frequencies in humans. Pharmacological acid sphingomyelinase inhibition with antidepressants like sertraline, but not those without an inhibitory effect on acid sphingomyelinase activity like citalopram, increased the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell among human CD4+ T cells in vitro. In an observational prospective clinical study with patients suffering from major depression, we observed that acid sphingomyelinase-inhibiting antidepressants induced a stronger relative increase in the frequency of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood than acid sphingomyelinase-non- or weakly inhibiting antidepressants. This was particularly true for CD45RA− CD25high effector CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, our data indicate that the positive effect of acid sphingomyelinase inhibition on CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells required CD28 co-stimulation, suggesting that enhanced CD28 co-stimulation was the driver of the observed increase in the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells among human CD4+ T cells. In summary, the widely induced pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase activity in patients leads to an increase in Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell frequencies among CD4+ T cells in humans both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Fabio Dennstädt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Saskia Stonawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Catherina Wurst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Erika Gorte
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Putri Mandasari
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Leif Hommers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes, France
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal D-14558, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal D-14558, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jan Rohr
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Mathias Buttmann
- Department of Neurology, Caritas Hospital, Bad Mergentheim 97980, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Andreas Menke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau-Felden 83233, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
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17
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Bradley D, Shantaram D, Smith A, Hsueh WA. Adipose Tissue T Regulatory Cells: Implications for Health and Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1278:125-39. [PMID: 33523447 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity dramatically increases the risk of numerous conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory changes that occur in adipose tissue are critical to the pathogenesis of these obesity-induced complications. Adipose tissue is one of the body's largest endocrine organs, and the cells that comprise the adipose tissue immunoenvironment secrete multiple factors (including adipokines and cytokines) that impact systemic metabolism. In particular, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) decline in obesity, partly in response to its complex interaction with adipocytes, and this decline contributes to disruption of the typical homeostasis observed in lean adipose tissue. Although the regulation of Treg differentiation, function, and enrichment is incompletely understood, factors including various cell-surface co-stimulatory molecules, certain lipid species, and cytokines such as PPARγ, adiponectin, and leptin are important mediators. It is also clear that there may be depot-specific differences in Tregs, rendering adipose tissue Tregs distinct from lymphoid or circulating Tregs, with implications on maintenance and functionality. While most of these findings are derived from studies in murine models, comparatively little is known about the human adipose tissue Treg signature, which requires further investigation.
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18
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Zhang L, Dai J, Zeng Z, Jia Y. Nitric oxide induces HepG2 cell death via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation by regulating acid sphingomyelinase. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8353-9. [PMID: 33025504 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) participates in cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolism and other biological processes. However, whether ASM has an effect on NO-treated HepG2 cells remains unknown, and the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway is also unclear. In the present study, the effects of NO on cell viability and apoptosis were assayed, followed by investigating the mRNA and protein levels of ASM and ERK phosphorylation in NO-treated HepG2 cells. The results showed that diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA-NO), an NO donor, promoted HepG2 cell death and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ASM were significantly decreased in DETA-NO-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, ERK phosphorylation was significantly increased in DETA-NO-treated HepG2 cells. The inhibition of ERK phosphorylation increased DETA-NO-induced cell apoptosis. In summary, DETA-NO can promote HepG2 cell death in a concentration-dependent manner by activating ERK and NO might activate ERK by regulating ASM and then inducing HepG2 cell death.
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19
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Hawkins CC, Ali T, Ramanadham S, Hjelmeland AB. Sphingolipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Review of Sphingomyelinases and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1357. [PMID: 32977496 PMCID: PMC7598277 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, partially due to our inability to completely remove and kill all GBM cells. Rapid tumor recurrence contributes to a median survival of only 15 months with the current standard of care which includes maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ), a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant chemotherapy. Radiation and TMZ cause sphingomyelinases (SMase) to hydrolyze sphingomyelins to generate ceramides, which induce apoptosis. However, cells can evade apoptosis by converting ceramides to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P has been implicated in a wide range of cancers including GBM. Upregulation of S1P has been linked to the proliferation and invasion of GBM and other cancers that display a propensity for brain metastasis. To mediate their biological effects, SMases and S1P modulate signaling via phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). In addition, both SMase and S1P may alter the integrity of the BBB leading to infiltration of tumor-promoting immune populations. SMase activity has been associated with tumor evasion of the immune system, while S1P creates a gradient for trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells. This review will explore the role of sphingolipid metabolism and pharmacological interventions in GBM and metastatic brain tumors with a focus on SMase and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntanna C. Hawkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Tomader Ali
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, UAE;
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The underlying factors triggering a cascade of autoimmune response that leads to the death of pancreatic beta cells and type 1 diabetes are to large extent unknown. Aberrations in the lipid balance have been suggested, either as factors directly contributing to autoimmunity or as a reflection of external factors, such as the diet or chemical exposure, which may increase the risk or even trigger the autoimmunity cascade. RECENT FINDINGS A small number of recent studies have investigated the blood lipidome before and after the onset of type 1 diabetes with a goal of identifying biomarkers of disease progression. Phosphatidylcholine levels in particular have been suggested to be reduced prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes. In this review, we approach this question through a quantitative analysis of the reported lipids. We quantify the extent of consensus between these heterogeneous studies, describe the overall lipidomic pattern that has been reported, and call for more independent replication of the findings that we highlight in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Suvitaival
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2-4, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
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21
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Böll S, Ziemann S, Ohl K, Klemm P, Rieg AD, Gulbins E, Becker KA, Kamler M, Wagner N, Uhlig S, Martin C, Tenbrock K, Verjans E. Acid sphingomyelinase regulates T H 2 cytokine release and bronchial asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:603-615. [PMID: 31494944 DOI: 10.1111/all.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases and especially allergic asthma are widespread diseases with high prevalence in childhood, but also in adults. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key regulator of the sphingolipid pathway. Previous studies defined the association of ASM with the pathogenesis of TH 1-directed lung diseases like cystic fibrosis and acute lung injury. Here, we define the role of ASM in TH 2-regulated allergic bronchial asthma. METHODS To determine the role of Asm under baseline conditions, wild-type (WT) and Asm-/- mice were ventilated with a flexiVent setup and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was determined using acetylcholine. Flow cytometry and cytokine measurements in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were followed by in vitro TH 2 differentiations with cells from WT and Asm-/- mice and blockade of Asm with amitriptyline. As proof of principle, we conducted an ovalbumin-induced model of asthma in WT- and Asm-/- mice. RESULTS At baseline, Asm-/- mice showed better lung mechanics, but unaltered bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Higher numbers of Asm-/- T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid released lower levels of IL-4 and IL-5, and these results were paralleled by decreased production of typical TH 2 cytokines in Asm-/- T lymphocytes in vitro. This phenotype could be imitated by incubation of T cells with amitriptyline. In the ovalbumin asthma model, Asm-/- animals were protected from high disease activity and showed better lung functions and lower levels of eosinophils and TH 2 cytokines. CONCLUSION Asm deficiency could induce higher numbers of TH 2 cells in the lung, but those cells release decreased TH 2 cytokine levels. Hereby, Asm-/- animals are protected from bronchial asthma, which possibly offers novel therapeutic strategies, for example, with ASM blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Böll
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Sebastian Ziemann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Annette D. Rieg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Thoracic Transplantation Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology RWTH Aachen University University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
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22
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Mahajan UM, Goni E, Langhoff E, Li Q, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Kruger S, Ormanns S, Halloran C, Ganeh P, Marron M, Lämmerhirt F, Zhao Y, Beyer G, Weiss FU, Sendler M, Bruns CJ, Kohlmann T, Kirchner T, Werner J, D’Haese JG, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Heinemann V, Neoptolemos JP, Büchler MW, Belka C, Boeck S, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. Cathepsin D Expression and Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz060. [PMID: 32296755 PMCID: PMC7050148 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin-D (CatD), owing to its dual role as a proteolytic enzyme and as a ligand, has been implicated in cancer progression. The role of CatD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is unknown. METHODS CatD expression quantified by immunohistochemistry of tumor-tissue microarrays of 403 resected pancreatic cancer patients from the ESPAC-Tplus trial, a translational study within the ESPAC (European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer) trials, was dichotomously distributed to low and high H scores (cut off 22.35) for survival and multivariable analysis. The validation cohort (n = 69) was recruited based on the hazard ratio of CatD from ESPAC-Tplus. 5-fluorouracil-, and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines were employed for mechanistic experiments. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Median overall survival was 23.75 months and median overall survival for patients with high CatD expression was 21.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.31 to 24.80) months vs 27.20 (95% CI = 23.75 to 31.90) months for low CatD expression (χ2 LR, 1DF = 4.00; P = .04). Multivariable analysis revealed CatD expression as a predictive marker in gemcitabine-treated (z stat = 2.33; P = .02) but not in 5-fluorouracil-treated (z stat = 0.21; P = .82) patients. An independent validation cohort confirmed CatD as a negative predictive marker for survival (χ2 LR, 1DF = 6.80; P = .009) and as an independent predictive marker in gemcitabine-treated patients with a hazard ratio of 3.38 (95% CI = 1.36 to 8.38, P = .008). Overexpression of CatD was associated with a concomitant suppression of the acid sphingomyelinase, and silencing of CatD resulted in upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase with rescue of gemcitabine resistance. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant gemcitabine is less effective in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with high CatD expression, and thus CatD could serve as a marker for biomarker-driven therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal M Mahajan
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Goni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enno Langhoff
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eithne Costello
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Halloran
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ganeh
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Felix Lämmerhirt
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, and Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank-Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, and Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohlmann
- Department of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D’Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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23
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Cain C, Salloum FN, Li P. Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell-specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide-mediated vasculopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:539-553. [PMID: 31743567 PMCID: PMC6933411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)-derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg /SMcre mice with SMC-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg /SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg /SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co-localization of lysosome marker (Lamp-1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome-MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg /SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg /SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome-MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi -treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Fadi N. Salloum
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Pin‐Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
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24
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Abstract
Sphingosine, ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other related sphingolipids have emerged as important bioactive molecules involved in a variety of key cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, exosome release, and inter- and intracellular cell communication, making the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism a key domain in maintaining cell homeostasis (Hannun and Obeid, Trends Biochem Sci 20:73-77, 1995; Hannun and Obeid, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:139-150, 2008; Kosaka et al., J Biol Chem 288:10849-10859, 2013). Various studies have determined that these pathways play a central role in regulating intracellular production of ceramide and the other bioactive sphingolipids and hence are an important component of signaling in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases (Chaube et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:313-323, 2012; Clarke et al., Adv Enzyme Regul 51:51-58, 2011b; Horres and Hannun, Neurochem Res 37:1137-1149, 2012). In this chapter, we discuss one of the major enzyme classes in producing ceramide, sphingomyelinases (SMases), from a biochemical and structural perspective with an emphasis on their applicability as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Shanbhogue
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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25
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Hollmann C, Wiese T, Dennstädt F, Fink J, Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. Translational Approaches Targeting Ceramide Generation From Sphingomyelin in T Cells to Modulate Immunity in Humans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2363. [PMID: 31681273 PMCID: PMC6798155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In T cells, as in all other cells of the body, sphingolipids form important structural components of membranes. Due to metabolic modifications, sphingolipids additionally play an active part in the signaling of cell surface receptors of T cells like the T cell receptor or the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Moreover, the sphingolipid composition of their membranes crucially affects the integrity and function of subcellular compartments such as the lysosome. Previously, studying sphingolipid metabolism has been severely hampered by the limited number of analytical methods/model systems available. Besides well-established high resolution mass spectrometry new tools are now available like novel minimally modified sphingolipid subspecies for click chemistry as well as recently generated mouse mutants with deficiencies/overexpression of sphingolipid-modifying enzymes. Making use of these tools we and others discovered that the sphingolipid sphingomyelin is metabolized to ceramide to different degrees in distinct T cell subpopulations of mice and humans. This knowledge has already been translated into novel immunomodulatory approaches in mice and will in the future hopefully also be applicable to humans. In this paper we are, thus, summarizing the most recent findings on the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Moreover, we are discussing the therapeutic concepts arising from these insights and drugs or drug candidates which are already in clinical use or could be developed for clinical use in patients with diseases as distant as major depression and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Dennstädt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Liu Y, Tong C, Xu Y, Cong P, Liu Y, Shi L, Shi X, Zhao Y, Bi G, Jin H, Hou M. CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:4848560. [PMID: 31565151 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4848560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28−/−) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 24 h and 48 h after blast injury. Histopathological changes and the expressions of inflammatory-related proteins were detected by hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and related pathway protein expression were studied by western blotting. In addition, the levels of CD3 and CD28 proteins were measured by flow cytometry. In the current study, we found that CD28 deficiency significantly inhibited blast exposure-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and wet weight/dry weight ratio; decreased the infiltration of CD44+ leukocytes, CD163+ macrophages, and CD3+ T cells into the lungs; reduced the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6; and markedly increased IL-10 expression. CD28 deficiency also significantly attenuated blast exposure-induced ROS, MDA5, and IREα expressions; increased SOD-1 expression; lowered the number of apoptotic cells and Bax, Caspase-3, and active Caspase-8 expressions; and increased Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, CD28 deficiency significantly ameliorated blast exposure-induced increases of p-PI3K and p-Akt and ameliorated the decrease in the p-FoxO1 expression. Our results suggest that CD28 deficiency has a protective effect on blast exposure-induced lung injury, which might be associated with the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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27
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Avota E, de Lira MN, Schneider-Schaulies S. Sphingomyelin Breakdown in T Cells: Role of Membrane Compartmentalization in T Cell Signaling and Interference by a Pathogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31457008 PMCID: PMC6700246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are major components of cellular membranes, and at steady-state level, their metabolic fluxes are tightly controlled. On challenge by external signals, they undergo rapid turnover, which substantially affects the biophysical properties of membrane lipid and protein compartments and, consequently, signaling and morphodynamics. In T cells, external cues translate into formation of membrane microdomains where proximal signaling platforms essential for metabolic reprograming and cytoskeletal reorganization are organized. This review will focus on sphingomyelinases, which mediate sphingomyelin breakdown and ensuing ceramide release that have been implicated in T-cell viability and function. Acting at the sphingomyelin pool at the extrafacial or cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, acid and neutral sphingomyelinases organize ceramide-enriched membrane microdomains that regulate T-cell homeostatic activity and, upon stimulation, compartmentalize receptors, membrane proximal signaling complexes, and cytoskeletal dynamics as essential for initiating T-cell motility and interaction with endothelia and antigen-presenting cells. Prominent examples to be discussed in this review include death receptor family members, integrins, CD3, and CD28 and their associated signalosomes. Progress made with regard to experimental tools has greatly aided our understanding of the role of bioactive sphingolipids in T-cell biology at a molecular level and of targets explored by a model pathogen (measles virus) to specifically interfere with their physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Nathalia de Lira
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Meiners J, Palmieri V, Klopfleisch R, Ebel JF, Japtok L, Schumacher F, Yusuf AM, Becker KA, Zöller J, Hose M, Kleuser B, Hermann DM, Kolesnick RN, Buer J, Hansen W, Westendorf AM. Intestinal Acid Sphingomyelinase Protects From Severe Pathogen-Driven Colitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1386. [PMID: 31275322 PMCID: PMC6594205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are emerging as a global problem with increased evidence and prevalence in numerous countries. A dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism occurs in patients with ulcerative colitis and is discussed to contribute to its pathogenesis. In the present study, we determined the impact of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide, on the course of Citrobacter (C.) rodentium-driven colitis. C. rodentium is an enteric pathogen and induces colonic inflammation very similar to the pathology in patients with ulcerative colitis. We found that mice with Asm deficiency or Asm inhibition were strongly susceptible to C. rodentium infection. These mice showed increased levels of C. rodentium in the feces and were prone to bacterial spreading to the systemic organs. In addition, mice lacking Asm activity showed an uncontrolled inflammatory Th1 and Th17 response, which was accompanied by a stronger colonic pathology compared to infected wild type mice. These findings identified Asm as an essential regulator of mucosal immunity to the enteric pathogen C. rodentium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Meiners
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vittoria Palmieri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana-Fabienne Ebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ayan Mohamud Yusuf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin A Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Zöller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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29
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Hose M, Günther A, Abberger H, Begum S, Korencak M, Becker KA, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Hansen W. T Cell-Specific Overexpression of Acid Sphingomyelinase Results in Elevated T Cell Activation and Reduced Parasitemia During Plasmodium yoelii Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1225. [PMID: 31214184 PMCID: PMC6554418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide and is thereby involved in several cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in different cell types. However, the function of ASM in T cells is still not well characterized. Here, we used T cell-specific ASM overexpressing mice (t-ASM/CD4cre) to clarify the impact of cell-intrinsic ASM activity on T cell function in vitro and in vivo. We showed that t-ASM/CD4cre mice exhibit decreased frequencies of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) within the spleen. Enforced T cell-specific ASM expression resulted in less efficient induction of Tregs and promoted differentiation of CD4+CD25− naïve T cells into IFN-γ producing Th1 cells in vitro. Further analysis revealed that ASM-overexpressing T cells from t-ASM/CD4cre mice show elevated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activity accompanied with increased proliferation upon stimulation in vitro. Plasmodium yoelii infection of t-ASM/CD4cre mice resulted in enhanced T cell activation and was associated with reduced parasitemia in comparison to infected control mice. Hence, our results provide evidence that ASM activity modulates T cell function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanna Abberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Salina Begum
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Korencak
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin A Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that support the structure of the plasma membrane and mediate numerous cell-signaling events in eukaryotic cells. The finding that ceramides act as second messengers transducing cellular signals has attracted substantial attention in several fields of Biology. Since all cells contain lipid plasma membranes, the impact of various ceramides, ceramide synthases, ceramide metabolites, and other sphingolipids has been implicated in a vast range of cellular functions including, migration, proliferation, response to external stimuli, and death. The roles of lipids in these functions widely differ among the diverse cell types. Herein, we discuss the roles of ceramides and other sphingolipids in mediating the function of various immune cells; particularly dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. In addition, we highlight the main studies describing effects of ceramides in inflammation, specifically in various inflammatory settings including insulin resistance, graft-versus-host disease, immune suppression in cancer, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Albeituni
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine.
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31
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Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation by anti-depressants inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1175-1182. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is the rate-limiting enzyme cleaving sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholin. CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells depend on CD28 signaling for their survival and function, a receptor that activates the ASM. Both, basal and CD28-induced ASM activities are higher in Treg cells than in conventional CD4+T (Tconv) cells. In ASM-deficient (Smpd1−/−) as compared to wt mice, membranes of T cells contain 7–10-fold more sphingomyelin and two- to three-fold more ceramide, and are in a state of higher order than membranes of T cells from wt mice, which may facilitate their activation. Indeed, the frequency of Treg cells among CD4+T cells in ASM-deficient mice and their suppressive activityin vitroare increased. Moreover,in vitrostimulation of ASM-deficient T cells in the presence of TGF-β and IL-2 leads to higher numbers of induced Treg cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the ASM with a clinically used tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline in mice or in tissue culture of murine or human T cells induces higher frequencies of Treg cells among CD4+T cells within a few days. This fast alteration of the balance between T cell populationsin vitrois due to the elevated cell death of Tconv cells and protection of the CD25highTreg cells by IL-2. Together, these findings suggest that ASM-inhibiting antidepressants, including a fraction of the serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are moderately immunosuppressive and should be considered for the therapy of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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32
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Verderio C, Gabrielli M, Giussani P. Role of sphingolipids in the biogenesis and biological activity of extracellular vesicles. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1325-1340. [PMID: 29853528 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; they not only serve physiological functions, such as disposal of cellular components, but also play pathophysiologic roles in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Common molecular mechanisms for EV biogenesis are evident in different cell biological contexts across eukaryotic phyla, and inhibition of this biogenesis may provide an avenue for therapeutic research. The involvement of sphingolipids (SLs) and their enzymes on EV biogenesis and release has not received much attention in current research. Here, we review how SLs participate in EV biogenesis by shaping membrane curvature and how they contribute to EV action in target cells. First, we describe how acid and neutral SMases, by generating the constitutive SL, ceramide, facilitate biogenesis of EVs at the plasma membrane and inside the endocytic compartment. We then discuss the involvement of other SLs, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosyl-sphingosine, in EV formation and cargo sorting. Last, we look ahead at some biological effects of EVs mediated by changes in SL levels in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Verderio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milano, Italy .,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy
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33
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Kachler K, Bailer M, Heim L, Schumacher F, Reichel M, Holzinger CD, Trump S, Mittler S, Monti J, Trufa DI, Rieker RJ, Hartmann A, Sirbu H, Kleuser B, Kornhuber J, Finotto S. Enhanced Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity Drives Immune Evasion and Tumor Growth in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5963-5976. [PMID: 28883000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lipid hydrolase enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is required for the conversion of the lipid cell membrane component sphingomyelin into ceramide. In cancer cells, ASM-mediated ceramide production is important for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune modulation, highlighting ASM as a potential multimodal therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate elevated ASM activity in the lung tumor environment and blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNAi-mediated attenuation of SMPD1 in human NSCLC cells rendered them resistant to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. In a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, ASM deficiency reduced tumor development in a manner associated with significant enhancement of Th1-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings indicate that targeting ASM in NSCLC can act by tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms to suppress tumor cell growth, most notably by enabling an effective antitumor immune response by the host. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5963-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kachler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bailer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corinna D Holzinger
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Trump
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mittler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Bai A, Guo Y. Acid sphingomyelinase mediates human CD4 + T-cell signaling: potential roles in T-cell responses and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2963. [PMID: 28749465 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lipid hydrolase. By generating ceramide, ASM had been reported to have an important role in regulating immune cell functions inclusive of macrophages, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells, whereas the role of ASM bioactivity in regulation of human CD4+ T-cell functions remained uncertain. Recent studies have provided novel findings in this field. Upon stimulation of CD3 and/or CD28, ASM-dependent ceramide signaling mediates intracellular downstream signal cascades of CD3 and CD28, and regulates CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation. Meanwhile, CD39 and CD161 have direct interactions with ASM, which mediates downstream signals inclusive of STAT3 and mTOR and thus defines human Th17 cells. Intriguingly, ASM mediates Th1 responses, but negatively regulates Treg functions. In this review, we summarized the pivotal roles of ASM in regulation of human CD4+ T-cell activation and responses. ASM/sphingolipid signaling may be a novel target for the therapy of human autoimmune diseases.
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