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Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
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Bradley D, Deng T, Shantaram D, Hsueh WA. Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:199-223. [PMID: 38345903 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell alterations in humans. Upon high-fat diet feeding, the adipocyte changes its well-known function as a metabolic cell to assume the role of an immune cell, orchestrating proinflammatory changes that escalate inflammation and progress during obesity. This transformation is particularly prominent in humans. In this review, we (a) highlight a leading and early role for adipocytes in promulgating inflammation, (b) discuss immune cell changes and the time course of these changes (comparing humans and mice when possible), and (c) note how reversing proinflammatory changes in most types of immune cells, including adipocytes, rescues adipose tissue from inflammation and obese mice from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Tuo Deng
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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3
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Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. J Cardiovasc Aging 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Jacks RD, Lumeng CN. Macrophage and T cell networks in adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 37872302 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The signals and structure of the tissues in which leukocytes reside critically mould leukocyte function and development and have challenged our fundamental understanding of how to define and categorize tissue-resident immune cells. One specialized tissue niche that has a powerful effect on immune cell function is adipose tissue. The field of adipose tissue leukocyte biology has expanded dramatically and has revealed how tissue niches can shape immune cell function and reshape them in a setting of metabolic stress, such as obesity. Most notably, adipose tissue macrophages and T cells are under intense investigation due to their contributions to adipose tissue in the lean and obese states. Both adipose tissue macrophages and T cells have features associated with the metabolic function of adipose tissue that are distinct from features of macrophages and T cells that are classically characterized in other tissues. This Review provides state-of-the-art understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells and discusses how their unique niche can help us to better understand diversity in leukocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiah D Jacks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Busebee B, Ghusn W, Cifuentes L, Acosta A. Obesity: A Review of Pathophysiology and Classification. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1842-1857. [PMID: 37831039 PMCID: PMC10843116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, and morbid disease. In the United States, 69% of adults are overweight or have obesity, and the global prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is influenced by genetic, neurologic, metabolic, enteric, and behavioral processes. It remains a key modifiable risk factor for many comorbid diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Whereas there are recent and significant advances in obesity therapy, including diets, lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapies, endoscopic procedures, and bariatric surgeries, there is an immense need for a better understanding of the heterogeneity in the pathophysiologic process of obesity and outcomes. Here we review salient pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development and morbidity of obesity as well as pathophysiologically based classification systems that inform current obesity management and may inform improved and individualized management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wissam Ghusn
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Casaro S, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Marrero MG, Silva ACM, Santos JEP, Nelson CD, Laporta J, Jeon SJ, Bicalho RC, Driver JP, Galvão KN. Unraveling the immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9244-9259. [PMID: 37641354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to unravel the peripartum immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in Holstein cows. Holstein cows (n = 128) had blood collected at -14, 0, 3, and 7 d relative to parturition (DRP). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate blood leukocyte counts, proportions, and activation. Total cells, live cells, single cells, monocytes (CD172α+/CD14+), polymorphonuclears (CD172α+/CD14-/SSChigh), B-cells (CD21+/MHCII+), CD4+ T-cells (CD4+), CD8+ T-cells (CD8+), and γδ T-cells (γδTCR+) were evaluated. Both CD62L and CD11b were used as markers of cell activation. Major histocompatibility complex class II was used as a marker of antigen presentation in monocytes. A Milliplex Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine 08-plex kit was used to evaluate plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The body weight (BW) change prepartum was calculated as the difference between calving BW and prepartum BW divided by the number of days between measurements. Plasma fatty acids (FA) were measured at -14 and 0 DRP using untargeted gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Cows that developed metritis (n = 57) had greater prepartum BW, prepartum BW loss, and greater FA concentrations at calving. Plasma FA at calving was positively correlated with IL-1β. Cows that developed metritis had persistent systemic inflammation, which was demonstrated by greater B-cell activation, greater pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and greater cell damage pre- and postpartum. Postpartum, we observed greater polymorphonuclear cell activation and extravasation but lesser monocytes and CD4+ T-cells activation and extravasation, which suggests postpartum immune tolerance. Greater prepartum adiposity in cows that developed metritis may lead to systemic inflammation pre- and postpartum and immune tolerance postpartum, which may lead to failure to prevent bacterial infection, and development of puerperal metritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - A C M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845
| | - J P Driver
- Division of Animals Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Xia L, Wu T, Chen L, Mei P, Liu L, Li R, Shu M, Huan Z, Wu C, Fang B. Silicon-Based Biomaterials Modulate the Adaptive Immune Response of T Lymphocytes to Promote Osteogenesis/Angiogenesis via Epigenetic Regulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302054. [PMID: 37842937 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si)-based biomaterials are widely applied for bone regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms of the materials function remain largely unknown. T lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response plays a vital role in the process of bone regeneration. In the current study, mesoporous silica (MS) is used as a model material of Si-based biomaterials. It shows that the supernatant of CD4+ T lymphocytes pretreated with MS extract significantly promotes the vascularized bone regeneration. The potential mechanism is closely related to the fact that MS extract can reduce the expression of regulatory factor X-1 (RFX-1) in CD4+ T lymphocytes. This may result in the overexpression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by boosting histone H3 acetylation and lowering DNA methylation and H3K9 trimethylation. Importantly, the in vivo experiments further reveal that MS particles significantly enhance bone regeneration with improved angiogenesis in the critical-sized calvarial defect mouse model accompanied by upregulation of IL-17A in peripheral blood and the proportion of Th17 cells. This study suggests that modulation of the adaptive immune response of T lymphocytes by silicate-based biomaterials plays an important role for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Mei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mengmeng Shu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiguang Huan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Doi T, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in East Asians and Europeans. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1525-1546. [PMID: 37704428 PMCID: PMC10627775 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One fifth of the world population live in East Asia comprising Japan, Korea, and China where ischemic heart disease, a major component of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is the second most frequent cause of death. Each of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), remnant lipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a), summarized as non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL) or apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins, causes ASCVD. However, a significant proportion of the evidence on lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of ASCVD came from White people mainly living in Europe and North America and not from people living in East Asia or of East Asian descent. With a unique biological, geohistorical, and social background in this world region, East Asians have distinctive characteristics that might have potential impact on the association of lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of ASCVD. Considering the movement across national borders in the World, understanding of lipoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol evidence on ASCVD in East Asia is important for both East Asian and non-East Asian populations wherever they live in the World.In this review, we introduce the biological features of lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol and the evidence for their association with risk of ASCVD in East Asian and European populations. We also provide an overview of guideline recommendations for prevention of ASCVD in these two different world regions. Finally, specific preventive strategies and future perspectives are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Doi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital . Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital . Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Langsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital . Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital . Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital . Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vick LV, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Multifaceted effects of obesity on cancer immunotherapies: Bridging preclinical models and clinical data. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:88-102. [PMID: 37499846 PMCID: PMC10836337 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined by excessive body fat, is a highly complex condition affecting numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. These multifaceted effects impact cells and tissues throughout the host, including immune cells as well as cancer biology. Because of the multifaceted nature of obesity, common parameters used to define it (such as body mass index in humans) can be problematic, and more nuanced methods are needed to characterize the pleiotropic metabolic effects of obesity. Obesity is well-accepted as an overall negative prognostic factor for cancer incidence, progression, and outcome. This is in part due to the meta-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of obesity. Immunotherapy is increasingly used in cancer therapy, and there are many different types of immunotherapy approaches. The effects of obesity on immunotherapy have only recently been studied with the demonstration of an "obesity paradox", in which some immune therapies have been demonstrated to result in greater efficacy in obese subjects despite the direct adverse effects of obesity and excess body fat acting on the cancer itself. The multifactorial characteristics that influence the effects of obesity (age, sex, lean muscle mass, underlying metabolic conditions and drugs) further confound interpretation of clinical data and necessitate the use of more relevant preclinical models mirroring these variables in the human scenario. Such models will allow for more nuanced mechanistic assessment of how obesity can impact, both positively and negatively, cancer biology, host metabolism, immune regulation, and how these intersecting processes impact the delivery and outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan V Vick
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Malignant Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Doi T, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Dual elevated remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein in myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117141. [PMID: 37217436 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation each cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, it is unknown whether joint elevation of both factors confers the highest risk. We tested the hypothesis that dual elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation marked by elevated C-reactive protein is associated with the highest risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality. METHODS The Copenhagen General Population Study randomly recruited white Danish individuals aged 20-100 years in 2003-2015 and followed them for a median 9.5 years. ASCVD was cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization. RESULTS In 103,221 individuals, we observed 2,454 (2.4%) myocardial infarctions, 5,437 (5.3%) ASCVD events, and 10,521 (10.2%) deaths. The hazard ratios increased with each of stepwise higher remnant cholesterol and stepwise higher C-reactive protein. In individuals with the highest tertile of both remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein compared to individuals with the lowest tertile of both, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 2.2 (95%CI:1.9-2.7) for myocardial infarction, 1.9 (1.7-2.2) for ASCVD, and 1.4 (1.3-1.5) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding values for only the highest tertile of remnant cholesterol were 1.6 (1.5-1.8), 1.4 (1.3-1.5), and 1.1 (1.0-1.1), and those for only the highest tertile of C-reactive protein were 1.7 (1.5-1.8), 1.6 (1.5-1.7), and 1.3 (1.3-1.4), respectively. There was no statistical evidence for interaction between elevated remnant cholesterol and elevated C-reactive protein on risk of myocardial infarction (p = 0.10), ASCVD (p = 0.40), or all-cause mortality (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Dual elevated remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein confers the highest risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality, that is, compared to either of these two factors individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Doi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Langsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Immune cell function among the myocardium, now more than ever, is appreciated to regulate cardiac function and pathophysiology. This is the case for both innate immunity, which includes neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity, which includes T cells and B cells. This function is fueled by cell-intrinsic shifts in metabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as metabolite availability, which originates from the surrounding extracellular milieu and varies during ischemia and metabolic syndrome. Immune cell crosstalk with cardiac parenchymal cells, such as cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, is also regulated by complex cellular metabolic circuits. Although our understanding of immunometabolism has advanced rapidly over the past decade, in part through valuable insights made in cultured cells, there remains much to learn about contributions of in vivo immunometabolism and directly within the myocardium. Insight into such fundamental cell and molecular mechanisms holds potential to inform interventions that shift the balance of immunometabolism from maladaptive to cardioprotective and potentially even regenerative. Herein, we review our current working understanding of immunometabolism, specifically in the settings of sterile ischemic cardiac injury or cardiometabolic disease, both of which contribute to the onset of heart failure. We also discuss current gaps in knowledge in this context and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Address for correspondence: Dr Edward B. Thorp, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue Ward 4-116, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Yadav U, Kumar N, Sarvottam K. Role of obesity related inflammation in pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:175-188. [PMID: 37255816 PMCID: PMC10225462 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as one of the greatest global health challenges of twenty-first century. Visceral obesity is one of the most important determinant of insulin resistance (IR) as well as T2DM complications. Therefore this review focuses on the molecular mechanism of obesity induced inflammation, signaling pathways contributing to diabetes, as well as role of lifestyle interventions and medical therapies in the prevention and management of T2DM. Method Articles were searched on digital data base PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The key words used for search included Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, vascular inflammation and peripheral arterial disease. Result Visceral obesity is associated with chronic low grade inflammation and activation of immune systems which are involved in pathogenesis of obesity related IR and T2DM. Conclusion Metabolic dysregulation of adipose tissue leads to local hypoxia, misfolded/unfolded protein response and increased circulating free fatty acids, which in turn initiate inflammatory signaling cascades in the population of infiltrating cells. Mechanism that relates the role of adipocytokines with insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis might throw a light on the development of therapeutic interventions and subsequently might result in the reduction of vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umashree Yadav
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Kumar Sarvottam
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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13
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Niu D, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhang X, Nan F, Jiang S, Wang B. Gut microbiota induces hepatic steatosis by modulating the T cells balance in high fructose diet mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6701. [PMID: 37095192 PMCID: PMC10126116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are often associated with high fructose (HF) consumption. HF has also been found to alter the gut microbiota, which then favors the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the mechanisms underlying of the gut microbiota on this metabolic disturbance are yet to be determined. Thus, in this study, we further explored the effect the gut microbiota concerning the T cells balance in an HF diet mouse model. We fed mice 60% fructose-enriched diet for 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, HF diet did not affect the liver, but it caused injury to the intestine and adipose tissues. After 12 weeks, the lipid droplet aggregation was markedly increased in the liver of HF-fed mice. Further analysis of the gut microbial composition showed that HF decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and increased the levels of Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, and Oscillibacter. In addition, HF can increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the serum. T helper type 1 cells were significantly increased, and regulatory T(Treg) cells were markedly decreased in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the HF-fed mice. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates systemic metabolic disorder by maintaining liver and intestinal immune homeostasis. Overall, our data indicated that intestinal structure injury and intestinal inflammation might be early, and liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis may be a subsequent effect following HF diets. Gut microbiota disorders impairing the intestinal barrier function and triggering immune homeostasis imbalance may be an importantly responsible for long-term HF diets induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Delei Niu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Department of Special Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Department of Special Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Habanjar O, Bingula R, Decombat C, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. Crosstalk of Inflammatory Cytokines within the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044002. [PMID: 36835413 PMCID: PMC9964711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several immune and immunocompetent cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, adipocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells, are significantly correlated with the complex discipline of oncology. Cytotoxic innate and adaptive immune cells can block tumor proliferation, and others can prevent the immune system from rejecting malignant cells and provide a favorable environment for tumor progression. These cells communicate with the microenvironment through cytokines, a chemical messenger, in an endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine manner. These cytokines play an important role in health and disease, particularly in host immune responses to infection and inflammation. They include chemokines, interleukins (ILs), adipokines, interferons, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which are produced by a wide range of cells, including immune cells, such as macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, a variety of stromal cells, and some cancer cells. Cytokines play a crucial role in cancer and cancer-related inflammation, with direct and indirect effects on tumor antagonistic or tumor promoting functions. They have been extensively researched as immunostimulatory mediators to promote the generation, migration and recruitment of immune cells that contribute to an effective antitumor immune response or pro-tumor microenvironment. Thus, in many cancers such as breast cancer, cytokines including leptin, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, IL-17, and IL-10 stimulate while others including IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ, inhibit cancer proliferation and/or invasion and enhance the body's anti-tumor defense. Indeed, the multifactorial functions of cytokines in tumorigenesis will advance our understanding of cytokine crosstalk pathways in the tumor microenvironment, such as JAK/STAT, PI3K, AKT, Rac, MAPK, NF-κB, JunB, cFos, and mTOR, which are involved in angiogenesis, cancer proliferation and metastasis. Accordingly, targeting and blocking tumor-promoting cytokines or activating and amplifying tumor-inhibiting cytokines are considered cancer-directed therapies. Here, we focus on the role of the inflammatory cytokine system in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses, discuss cytokine pathways involved in immune responses to cancer and some anti-cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rea Bingula
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Lebanon
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
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15
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Funjika E, Colombo SAP, Hayes KS, Tozer MJ, Tyrrell KA, Cai S, Faniyi AA, Shears RK, Dooley M, Alshammari Y, Alhazmi W, Assas M, Almilaibary A, Jackson-Jones LH, Thornton DJ, Worthington JJ, Grencis RK. High-fat diet-induced resistance to helminth infection via alternative induction of type 2 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:27-38. [PMID: 36690078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause morbidity and socioeconomic loss in the most deprived communities. The shift in the context of obesity has led to spatial overlap with endemic gastrointestinal nematode regions resulting in the emergence of a novel comorbidity. Despite this, the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on immune-regulated protection against gastrointestinal infections remains largely unknown. We employed the murine model of nematode infection, Trichuris muris, to investigate the effect of an HFD on the immune response against chronic infection. Surprisingly, diet-induced obesity drove parasite expulsion in both single and repeated trickle low doses of T. muris eggs. Mechanistically, an HFD increased the expression of the ST2 receptor on CD4+ T cells, priming an enhanced type 2 helper T (Th2) cell cytokine production following interleukin (IL)-33 stimulation ex vivo. Despite IL-33-/- mice demonstrating that IL-33 is not critical for host protective immunity to T. muris under a conventional diet, HFD-fed T-cell deplete mice adoptively transferred with ST2-/- CD4 T cells were unable to expel a T. muris infection unlike those transferred with ST2-sufficient cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that an HFD primes CD4+ T cells to utilize the IL-33-ST2 axis in a novel induction of type 2 immunity, providing insights into the emerging comorbidities of obesity and nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Funjika
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly S Hayes
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary J Tozer
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Katrina A Tyrrell
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Rebecca K Shears
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan Dooley
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Yasmine Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Wafaa Alhazmi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushref Assas
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - John J Worthington
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Richard K Grencis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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16
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Johnston EK, Abbott RD. Adipose Tissue Paracrine-, Autocrine-, and Matrix-Dependent Signaling during the Development and Progression of Obesity. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766750 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ever-increasing phenomenon, with 42% of Americans being considered obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 9.2% being considered morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) as of 2016. With obesity being characterized by an abundance of adipose tissue expansion, abnormal tissue remodeling is a typical consequence. Importantly, this pathological tissue expansion is associated with many alterations in the cellular populations and phenotypes within the tissue, lending to cellular, paracrine, mechanical, and metabolic alterations that have local and systemic effects, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, vascular dynamics shift during the progression of obesity, providing signaling cues that drive metabolic dysfunction. In this review, paracrine-, autocrine-, and matrix-dependent signaling between adipocytes and endothelial cells is discussed in the context of the development and progression of obesity and its consequential diseases, including adipose fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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17
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. Drastic transformation of visceral adipose tissue and peripheral CD4 T cells in obesity. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1044737. [PMID: 36685567 PMCID: PMC9846168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a pronounced effect on the immune response in systemic organs that results in not only insulin resistance but also altered immune responses to infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Obesity-associated microenvironmental changes alter transcriptional expression and metabolism in T cells, leading to alterations in T-cell differentiation, proliferation, function, and survival. Adipokines, cytokines, and lipids derived from obese visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may also contribute to the systemic T-cell phenotype, resulting in obesity-specific pathogenesis. VAT T cells, which have multiple roles in regulating homeostasis and energy utilization and defending against pathogens, are most susceptible to obesity. In particular, many studies have shown that CD4 T cells are deeply involved in the homeostasis of VAT endocrine and metabolic functions and in obesity-related chronic inflammation. In obesity, macrophages and adipocytes in VAT function as antigen-presenting cells and contribute to the obesity-specific CD4 T-cell response by inducing CD4 T-cell proliferation and differentiation into inflammatory effectors via interactions between major histocompatibility complex class II and T-cell receptors. When obesity persists, prolonged stimulation by leptin and circulating free fatty acids, repetitive antigen stimulation, activating stress responses, and hypoxia induce exhaustion of CD4 T cells in VAT. T-cell exhaustion is characterized by restricted effector function, persistent expression of inhibitory receptors, and a transcriptional state distinct from functional effector and memory T cells. Moreover, obesity causes thymic regression, which may result in homeostatic proliferation of obesity-specific T-cell subsets due to changes in T-cell metabolism and gene expression in VAT. In addition to causing T-cell exhaustion, obesity also accelerates cellular senescence of CD4 T cells. Senescent CD4 T cells secrete osteopontin, which causes further VAT inflammation. The obesity-associated transformation of CD4 T cells remains a negative legacy even after weight loss, causing treatment resistance of obesity-related conditions. This review discusses the marked transformation of CD4 T cells in VAT and systemic organs as a consequence of obesity-related microenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Goand UK, Verma S, Gupta AP, Garg R, Dadge S, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 balances energy homeostasis by attenuating adipose tissue inflammation in high fat diet fed mice. Peptides 2023; 159:170902. [PMID: 36375661 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreastatin (PST) is an endogenous bioactive peptide. PST is generated from chromogranin A (Chga) protein which is released by chromaffin and neuroendocrine cells. PST exhibits diabetogenic effect by antagonizing the action of insulin in adipocytes. The level of PST rises during obesity, resulting in persistent low-grade inflammation in adipocytes. Pancreastatin inhibitor 8 (PSTi8), which is developed by modification of PST sequence which antagonizes the action of PST. In this study, we investigated the immunometabolic effect of PSTi8 in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) model in C57BL/6 mice. Here we found PSTi8 decreased the body weight gain, fat mass and increased the lean mass in (DIO) mice. It also showed reduction of adipocyte hypertrophy in eWAT and lipid accumulation in liver of DIO mice. Immunoprofiling of stromal vascular fraction isolated from eWAT of PTSi8 treated mice showed increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, Eosinophil, T-regulatory cells and reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, CD4 and CD8 T cell population. Apart from this, PSTi8 also improved the mitochondrial function by decreasing reactive oxygen species and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, NADPH/NADP ratio and citrate synthase activity in eWAT of DIO mice. It also increased the protein expression of pAMPK, pAKT, Arginase -1 and decreased the expression of MHC-II and iNOS in eWAT of DIO mice. In conclusion, PSTi8 exerted its beneficial effect on restoring energy expenditure by reducing adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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19
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Huang LY, Chiu CJ, Hsing CH, Hsu YH. Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552805 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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20
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Ramasubramanian R, Meier HCS, Vivek S, Klopack E, Crimmins EM, Faul J, Nikolich-Žugich J, Thyagarajan B. Evaluation of T-cell aging-related immune phenotypes in the context of biological aging and multimorbidity in the Health and Retirement Study. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:33. [PMID: 35858901 PMCID: PMC9297609 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Cellular changes in adaptive immune system accompany the process of aging and contribute to an aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) characterized by decrease in naïve T-cells (TN) and increase in memory T-cells (TM). A population-representative marker of ARIP and its associations with biological aging and age-related chronic conditions have not been studied previously. Methods We developed two ARIP indicators based on well understood age-related changes in T cell distribution: TN/(TCM (Central Memory) + TEM (Effector Memory) + TEFF (Effector)) (referred as TN/TM) in CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. We compared them with existing ARIP measures including CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 + TN cells by evaluating associations with chronological age and the Klemera Doubal measure of biological age (measured in years) using linear regression, multimorbidity using multinomial logistic regression and two-year mortality using logistic regression. Results CD8 + TN and CD8 + TN/TM had the strongest inverse association with chronological age (beta estimates: -3.41 and -3.61 respectively; p-value < 0.0001) after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity and CMV status. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN had the strongest inverse association with biological age (β = -0.23; p = 0.003 and β = -0.24; p = 0.004 respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and CMV serostatus. CD4/CD8 ratio was not associated with chronological age or biological age. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN was inversely associated with multimorbidity. For CD4 + TN/TM, people with 2 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of for 0.74 (95%CI: 0.63–0.86 p = 0.0003) compared to those without any chronic conditions while those with 3 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63–0.90; p = 0.003) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, CMV serostatus, smoking, and BMI. The results for the CD4 + TN subset were very similar to the associations seen with the CD4 + TN/TM. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN were both associated with two-year mortality (OR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67–0.95; p = 0.01) and 0.81 (0.70–0.94; p = 0.01), respectively). Conclusion CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN had a stronger association with biological age, age-related morbidity and mortality compared to other ARIP measures. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the CD4 + subsets in predicting the risk of aging-related outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00290-z.
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21
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Lin Q, Geng B. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plaque Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the greatest contributor to cardiovascular events and is involved in the majority of deaths worldwide. Plaque rapture or erosion precipitates life-threatening thrombi, resulting in the obstruction blood flow to the heart (acute coronary syndrome), brain (ischemic stroke) or low extremities (peripheral vascular diseases). Among these events, major causation dues to the plaque rupture. Although the initiation, procession, and precise time of controlling plaque rupture are unclear, foam cell formation and apoptosis, cell death, extracellular matrix components, protease expression and activity, local inflammation, intraplaque hemorrhage, and calcification contribute to the plaque instability. These alterations tightly associate with the function regulation of intraplaque various cell populations. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is gasotransmitter derived from methionine metabolism and exerts a protective role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Recent progress also showed H2S mediated the plaque stability. In this review, we discuss the progress of endogenous H2S modulation on functions of vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells, and the molecular mechanism in plaque stability.
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22
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Coletta S, Trevellin E, Benagiano M, Romagnoli J, Della Bella C, D’Elios MM, Vettor R, de Bernard M. The antigen CD300e drives T cell inflammation in adipose tissue and elicits an antibody response predictive of the insulin sensitivity recovery in obese patients. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 36419085 PMCID: PMC9682732 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR), the key features of metabolic syndrome, are closely associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Bariatric surgery leads to a considerable reduction in the adipose tissue mass and systemic inflammation along with a reduction of IR, with a whole-body metabolic improvement. However, a sizable portion of people experience an IR relapse within few years of remission.Numerous studies have attempted to explore the best clinical predictors of the improvement of insulin sensitivity and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery, but no simple fasting blood test has been found to be effective in predicting the short and long-term beneficial effects on glycaemia.With the present study, we investigated T-cell and antibody responses against CD300e, an antigen highly expressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity before the bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. We found both in fat tissue and in peripheral blood anti-CD300e-specific T helper 1 responses. Moreover, we evidenced in the sera of individuals with obesity an antibody response towards CD300e and revealed the existence of a significant correlation between the level of antibodies before surgery and the maintenance of glucose control after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Trevellin
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Romagnoli
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina de Bernard
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Yu W, Li C, Zhang D, Li Z, Xia P, Liu X, Cai X, Yang P, Ling J, Zhang J, Zhang M, Yu P. Advances in T Cells Based on Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223554. [PMID: 36428983 PMCID: PMC9688178 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases year by year and their impact on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases have attracted great attention as a major health care problem, but there is still no effective treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the main mechanisms leading to metabolic diseases. T cells are involved in the inflammatory response, which can also regulate the development of metabolic diseases, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells are mainly responsible for the role. Th1 and Th17 differentiated from CD4+ T promote inflammation, while Th2 and Treg inhibit inflammation. CD8+ T cells also contribute to inflammation. The severity and duration of inflammatory reactions can also lead to different degrees of progression of metabolic diseases. Moreover, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, and AMPK signaling pathways play unique roles in the regulation of T cells, which provide a new direction for the treatment of metabolic diseases in the future. In this review, we will elaborate on the role of T cells in regulating inflammation in various metabolic diseases, the signaling pathways that regulate T cells in metabolic diseases, and the latest research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Chunxiu Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
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Pugh GH, Fouladvand S, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Agrawal M, Zhang XD, Chen J, Kern PA, Nikolajczyk BS. T cells dominate peripheral inflammation in a cross-sectional analysis of obesity-associated diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1983-1994. [PMID: 36069294 PMCID: PMC9509440 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloid cells dominate metabolic disease-associated inflammation (metaflammation) in mouse obesity, but the contributions of myeloid cells to the peripheral inflammation that fuels sequelae of human obesity are untested. This study used unbiased approaches to rank contributions of myeloid and T cells to peripheral inflammation in people with obesity across the spectrum of metabolic health. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from people with obesity with or without prediabetes or type 2 diabetes were stimulated with T cell-targeting CD3/CD28 or myeloid-targeting lipopolysaccharide for 20 to 72 hours to assess cytokine production using Bio-Plex. Bioinformatic modeling ranked cytokines with respect to their predictive power for metabolic health. Intracellular tumor necrosis factor α was quantitated as a classical indicator of metaflammation. RESULTS Cytokines increased over 72 hours following T cell-, but not myeloid-, targeted stimulation to indicate that acute myeloid inflammation may shift to T cell inflammation over time. T cells contributed more tumor necrosis factor α to peripheral inflammation regardless of metabolic status. Bioinformatic combination of cytokines from all cohorts, stimuli, and time points indicated that T cell-targeted stimulation was most important for differentiating inflammation in diabetes, consistent with previous identification of a mixed T helper type 1/T helper type 17 cytokine profile in diabetes. CONCLUSIONS T cells dominate peripheral inflammation in obesity; therefore, targeting T cells may be an effective approach for prevention/management of metaflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H. Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular
Genetics, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sajjad Fouladvand
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences,
University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences,
University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Jin Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular
Genetics, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences,
University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Gil-cardoso K, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Lama C, Torres S, Mantecón L, Infante C. TetraSOD®, a Unique Marine Microalgae Ingredient, Promotes an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in a Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Model in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:4028. [PMID: 36235679 PMCID: PMC9571776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenic process of obesity and can trigger inflammation, which is often linked with the risk factors that make up metabolic syndrome (MetS), including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. TetraSOD®, a natural marine vegan ingredient derived from the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii that is high in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has recently demonstrated in vitro increased activity of these key antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, the potential bioactive effects of three dietary dosages of TetraSOD® in enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms to combat the metabolic disturbances that compose MetS were assessed in rats given a cafeteria (CAF) diet. Chronic supplementation with 0.17, 1.7, and 17 mg kg−1 day−1 of TetraSOD® for 8 weeks ameliorated the abnormalities associated with MetS, including oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms in the liver (GPx and GSH), modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma (NOx, oxLDL and IL-10), and regulating genes involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways in the liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), thymus, and spleen. Overall, TetraSOD® appears to be a potential therapeutic option for the management of MetS.
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Li H, Meng Y, He S, Tan X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zheng W. Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193001. [PMID: 36230963 PMCID: PMC9562180 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels, which is considered a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cardiovascular disease. Obesity-induced chronic, low-grade inflammation may lead to insulin resistance, and it is well-recognized that macrophages play a major role in such inflammation. In the current review, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophages, low-grade tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2D are described. Also, the role of macrophages in obesity-induced insulin resistance is presented, and therapeutic drugs and recent advances targeting macrophages for the treatment of T2D are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
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Cejudo-Arteaga S, Guerrero-Ramos MÁ, Kuri-Exome R, Martínez-Cordero E, Farias-Serratos F, Maldonado-Vega M. Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Mexican Women with Obesity as a Risk Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36142655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Adipose tissue in overweight and obesity shows metabolic imbalance in the function of adipocytes and macrophages, this leads to altered regulation of hunger, lipid storage, and chronic inflammation possibly related to the development of breast cancer. Methods. The study was retrospective of 653 breast cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. Histopathology, hormone receptors, grade, clinical stage, clinical biometry analysis, CEA and CA 15-3 antigens were analyzed. The analyses were performed at diagnosis and at the end of oncological treatments. Results. Mexican women studied and treated for breast cancer have an BMI of 29 from diagnosis and at the end of their cancer treatments. The average age was 52 ± 12 years, 54% in women older than 55 years. Cancer recurrence occurs in any molecular type; however, the common factor was overweight and obesity with 73% vs. 21% in normal weight patients. The most frequent tumor tissue in the population was positive hormone receptors of the luminal type (65%), HER2 (15%), and NT (15%). The analyses of macrophages/lymphocytes (M/L), CEA, and CA 15-3 antigens evaluated in women >55 and <55 years, with and without recurrence are elevated at the end of oncological treatments. Conclusions. The analysis of Mexican women with breast cancer showed a predominance of overweight and obesity at diagnosis and at the end of treatment. A relationship between obesity and cancer recurrence with a low response to treatment due to elevation in Ag CEA and CA 15-3 is suggested. The L/M ratio could be an indicator of inflammation related to adipose tissue since diagnosis.
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Savinelli S, Wrigley Kelly NE, Feeney ER, O'Shea DB, Hogan AE, Overton ET, Landay AL, Mallon PW. Obesity in HIV infection: host-pathogen interaction. AIDS 2022; 36:1477-91. [PMID: 35979828 DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both obesity and HIV infection are characterized by a state of chronic inflammation associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review aims to assess the available literature on immune dysregulation in obesity and people with HIV infection (PWH). DESIGN A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and international conference abstracts for articles on the epidemiology of obesity in the general population and in PWH and the pathogenesis of obesity with a focus on inflammation and immune activation. RESULTS Of the 631 articles selected after title review, 490 met the inclusion criteria and 90 were included in the final selection. The selected studies highlight the increasing prevalence of obesity in PWH and a substantial role for antiretroviral treatment (ART) in its development. Pathogenesis of obesity and its associated inflammation derives from disturbances in adipose tissue (AT) immune function, focused on T-cell and macrophage function, with a switch to pro-inflammatory immune phenotype and resulting increases in pro-inflammatory chemokines, which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Although dysregulation of these pathways is seen in both obesity and HIV, there remains a lack of human studies on AT inflammation in HIV. CONCLUSION Obesity is an emerging comorbidity in PWH, with a substantial overlap in immune dysregulation patterns seen in both conditions. How this immune dysfunction impacts on development of metabolic complications for both obesity and HIV infection, and whether targeting of AT-derived inflammation will improve outcomes in PWH requires further study.
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Das R, Giri J, K Paul P, Froelich N, Chinnadurai R, McCoy S, Bushman W, Galipeau J. A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 36045134 PMCID: PMC9433418 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5-Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Froelich
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Sara McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Chehade SB, Green GBH, Graham CD, Chakraborti A, Vashai B, Moon A, Williams MB, Vickers B, Berryhill T, Van Der Pol W, Wilson L, Powell ML, Smith DL, Barnes S, Morrow C, Mukhtar MS, Kennedy GD, Bibb JA, Watts SA. A modified standard American diet induces physiological parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929446. [PMID: 36105576 PMCID: PMC9464921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the causative role that western dietary patterns have on obesity and disease pathogenesis have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote animal health and reduce variation of results across experiments, rather than model modern human dietary habits or nutrition-related pathologies. In rodents high-fat diets (HFDs) became a classic tool to investigate diet-induced obesity (DIO). These murine diets often relied on a single fat source with the most DIO consistent HFDs containing levels of fat up to 45-60% (kcal), higher than the reported human intake of 33-35% (kcal). More recently, researchers are formulating experimental animal (pre-clinical) diets that reflect mean human macro- and micronutrient consumption levels described by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These diets attempt to integrate relevant ingredient sources and levels of nutrients; however, they most often fail to include high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a source of dietary carbohydrate. We have formulated a modified Standard American Diet (mSAD) that incorporates relevant levels and sources of nutrient classes, including dietary HFCS, to assess the basal physiologies associated with mSAD consumption. Mice proffered the mSAD for 15 weeks displayed a phenotype consistent with metabolic syndrome, exhibiting increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Metabolic alterations were evidenced at the tissue level as crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue and fatty acid deposition in the liver, and targeted 16S rRNA metagenomics revealed microbial compositional shifts between dietary groups. This study suggests diet quality significantly affects metabolic homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of developing relevant pre-clinical diets to investigate chronic diseases highly impacted by western dietary consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - George B. H. Green
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher D. Graham
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bijal Vashai
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amber Moon
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Taylor Berryhill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William Van Der Pol
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mickie L. Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gregory D. Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A. Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Amadio P, Macchi C, Favero C, Zarà M, Solazzo G, Dioni L, Sandrini L, Vigna L, Greco MF, Buoli M, Sirtori CR, Pesatori AC, Ieraci A, Ruscica M, Barbieri SS, Bollati V. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in an Italian Cohort of Individuals With Obesity: A Key to Explain the Link Between Depression and Atherothrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:906483. [PMID: 35911513 PMCID: PMC9326054 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObesity and depression are intertwined diseases often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), altered in the brain both of subjects with depression and obesity, provides a potential link between depression and thrombosis. Since the relationship among peripheral BDNF, depression and obesity is not well-defined, the aim of the present report has been to address this issue taking advantage of the contribution played by extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs.Research ProcessAssociations among circulating BDNF, depression and EV-derived miRNAs related to atherothrombosis have been evaluated in a large Italian cohort of obese individuals (n = 743), characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score.ResultsBDI-II was negatively associated with BDNF levels without a significant impact of the rs6265 BDNF polymorphism; this association was modified by raised levels of IFN-γ. BDNF levels were linked to an increase of 80 EV-derived miRNAs and a decrease of 59 miRNAs related to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Network analysis identified at least 18 genes targeted by these miRNAs, 7 of which involved in depression and CV risk. The observation of a possible link among BDNF, depression, and miRNAs related to atherothrombosis and depression in obesity is novel and may lead to a wider use of BDNF as a CV risk biomarker in this specific subject group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Greco
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca'Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R. Sirtori
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimiliano Ruscica
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Silvia Stella Barbieri
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wijngaarden LH, Taselaar AE, Nuijten F, van der Harst E, Klaassen RA, Kuijper TM, Jongbloed F, Ambagtsheer G, Klepper M, IJzermans JNM, de Bruin RWF, Litjens NHR. T and B Cell Composition and Cytokine Producing Capacity Before and After Bariatric Surgery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888278. [PMID: 35860273 PMCID: PMC9289114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbid obesity is associated with a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which may lead to accelerated differentiation of T and B cells. These differentiated immune cells are strongly cytotoxic and have an increased pro-inflammatory cytokine producing capacity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory function of the T and B cells decreases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morbid obesity on the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of T and B cells. Subsequently, we assessed whether bariatric surgery affected the subset profile and cytokine producing capacity of these cells. We determined the proportion of T and B cell subsets and their cytokine producing capacity in peripheral blood collected from 23 morbidly obese patients before and three months after bariatric surgery using flow-cytometry. We compared this with the results of 25 lean controls. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a more differentiated subset profile in morbidly obese patients as compared to lean controls, which was not recovered three months after bariatric surgery. The B cell composition of morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery adjusted towards the profile of lean controls. However, the IL-2 and IFN-γ producing capacity of CD8+ T cells and the IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 producing capacity of B cells was not restored three months after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, the data suggest that the immune system has the capacity to recover from the detrimental effects of morbid obesity within three months after bariatric surgery in terms of cell composition; however, this was not seen in terms of cytokine producing capacity. The full restoration of the immune system after bariatric surgery may thus take longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. E. Taselaar
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Nuijten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. van der Harst
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. A. Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. M. Kuijper
- Maasstad Academy, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Jongbloed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. Ambagtsheer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. W. F. de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. W. F. de Bruin,
| | - N. H. R. Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Fonseca FA, Izar MC. Role of Inflammation in Cardiac Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927163. [PMID: 35837017 PMCID: PMC9274081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is defined as an inflammatory disease. Low-grade inflammation is present in all phases of the cardiovascular continuum, since the establishment of cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic heart disease until cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and death. Not all inflammatory pathways are linked to cardiovascular outcomes, and thus, not all anti-inflammatory approaches decrease cardiovascular events. The most common cause of ventricular remodeling and heart failure is ischemic heart disease. Biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein can identify individuals at risk of major cardiovascular complications, but this biomarker has no causal effect on cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, interleukin 6 appears to be causally associated with cardiovascular disease. CANTOS was the first proof of concept study showing that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces major cardiovascular outcomes. Based on many anti-inflammatory trials, only therapies acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome, or interleukin 1beta, showed benefits on cardiovascular disease. Ventricular remodeling, particularly after myocardial infarction seems also influenced by the intensity of inflammatory responses, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapies may reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. Inflammasome (NLRP3) activation, subtypes of lymphocytes, interleukin 6, and some inflammatory biomarkers, are associated with larger infarct size and impaired ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular risk factors commonly present in patients with myocardial infarction, and advanced age are associated with higher inflammatory activity.
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Meng D, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zheng T, Hu R, Wang B, Otsu K, Wang Y, Huang G. p38α Deficiency in T Cells Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Adipose Tissue Senescence. Diabetes 2022; 71:1205-1217. [PMID: 35349644 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-resident T cells play vital roles in regulating inflammation and metabolism in obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding enhances p38 activity in adipose-resident T cells. T cell-specific deletion of p38α, an essential subunit of p38 expressed in most immune cells, protected mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Mice with p38α deletion in T cells exhibited higher energy expenditure. Mechanistically, p38α promoted T-cell glycolysis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, leading to enhanced Th1 differentiation. Accordingly, genetic deletion of p38α alleviated ongoing diet-induced obesity. Unexpectedly, p38α signaling in T cells promoted adipose tissue senescence during obesity and aging. Taken together, our results identify p38α in T cells as an essential regulator of obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue senescence, and p38α may be a therapeutic target for obese- or aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Basic Department of Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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López-Ortega O, Moreno-Corona NC, Cruz-Holguin VJ, Garcia-Gonzalez LD, Helguera-Repetto AC, Romero-Valdovinos M, Arevalo-Romero H, Cedillo-Barron L, León-Juárez M. The Immune Response in Adipocytes and Their Susceptibility to Infection: A Possible Relationship with Infectobesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116154. [PMID: 35682832 PMCID: PMC9181511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current obesity pandemic has been expanding in both developing and developed countries. This suggests that the factors contributing to this condition need to be reconsidered since some new factors are arising as etiological causes of this disease. Moreover, recent clinical and experimental findings have shown an association between the progress of obesity and some infections, and the functions of adipose tissues, which involve cell metabolism and adipokine release, among others. Furthermore, it has recently been reported that adipocytes could either be reservoirs for these pathogens or play an active role in this process. In addition, there is abundant evidence indicating that during obesity, the immune system is exacerbated, suggesting an increased susceptibility of the patient to the development of several forms of illness or death. Thus, there could be a relationship between infection as a trigger for an increase in adipose cells and the impact on the metabolism that contributes to the development of obesity. In this review, we describe the findings concerning the role of adipose tissue as a mediator in the immune response as well as the possible role of adipocytes as infection targets, with both roles constituting a possible cause of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Nidia Carolina Moreno-Corona
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Victor Javier Cruz-Holguin
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Didier Garcia-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Haruki Arevalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico;
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barron
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang R, Zhang J, Li D, Liu G, Fu Y, Li Q, Zhang L, Qian L, Hao L, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Wang D, Cao Q. Imbalance of circulating innate lymphoid cell subpopulations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109029. [PMID: 35525476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly identified heterogeneous family of innate immune cells. We conducted this study to investigate the frequency of circulating ILC subsets in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In DN, the proportion of total ILCs and certain ILC subgroups increased significantly. Positive correlations between proportion of total ILCs, ILC1s and body mass index, glycated hemoglobin were observed in DN. In LN, a significantly increased proportion of ILC1s was found in parallel with a reduced proportion of ILC2s. The proportions of total ILCs and ILC1s were correlated with WBC count and the level of C3. In all enrolled patients, the proportion of total ILCs and ILC1s was significantly correlated with the levels of ACR and GFR. In the present study, the proportion of circulating ILC subsets increased significantly in various types of CKD and correlated with clinico-pathological features, which suggests a possible role for ILCs in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Pan Y, Tan J, Long X, Yi R, Zhao X, Park KY. Anti-obesity effect of fermented lemon peel on high-fat diet-induced obese mice by modulating the inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14200. [PMID: 35484880 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic of obesity. The rich compounds in lemon peel have anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined whether fermented lemon peel can have an anti-obesity effect on obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating inflammation. The lemon peel fermentation supernatant (LPFS) could inhibit the weight gain of mice and improve the lesions of the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. In addition, LPFS regulates blood lipids, liver function, and inflammation-related indicators in the serum of obese mice. LPFS plays a positive role in regulating the inflammation and obesity-related genes in liver tissue and adipose tissue of obese mice. High-performance liquid chromatography showed an increase in the contents of compounds with antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory effects and compounds with anti-obesity effects. These results suggest that the LPFS could help reduce obesity in obese mice induced by an HFD by adjusting the balance of the inflammatory response. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity often increases the risk of chronic diseases, and mild inflammation is a feature of obesity. Therefore, timely suppression of inflammation in the body can help control the occurrence of obesity. This study clarified the anti-obesity effect of fermented lemon peel on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by regulating the body's inflammatory response and confirmed that fermentation improves the anti-inflammatory activity of lemon peel. This study provides important references for future investigation, prophylaxis, and treatment of inflammation and obesity-related diseases, as well as the advances in functional foods and fermented foods with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Pan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
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38
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Salas-Venegas V, Flores-Torres RP, Rodríguez-Cortés YM, Rodríguez-Retana D, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Concepción-Carrillo LE, Pérez-Flores LJ, Alarcón-Aguilar A, López-Díazguerrero NE, Gómez-González B, Chavarría A, Konigsberg M. The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:798995. [PMID: 35422689 PMCID: PMC9002268 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.798995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are now considered a worldwide pandemic and a growing public health problem with severe economic and social consequences. Adipose tissue is an organ with neuroimmune-endocrine functions, which participates in homeostasis. So, adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia induce a state of chronic inflammation that causes changes in the brain and induce neuroinflammation. Studies with obese animal models and obese patients have shown a relationship between diet and cognitive decline, especially working memory and learning deficiencies. Here we analyze how obesity-related peripheral inflammation can affect central nervous system physiology, generating neuroinflammation. Given that the blood-brain barrier is an interface between the periphery and the central nervous system, its altered physiology in obesity may mediate the consequences on various cognitive processes. Finally, several interventions, and the use of natural compounds and exercise to prevent the adverse effects of obesity in the brain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Salas-Venegas
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Pamela Flores-Torres
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesica María Rodríguez-Cortés
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Retana
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Edgar Concepción-Carrillo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Josefina Pérez-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mina Konigsberg,
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Vuong JT, Stein-Merlob AF, Nayeri A, Sallam T, Neilan TG, Yang EH. Immune Checkpoint Therapies and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:577-593. [PMID: 35144750 PMCID: PMC8983019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies in recent years. Numerous reports have detailed the myriad of possible adverse inflammatory effects of immune checkpoint therapies, including within the cardiovascular system. However, these reports have been largely limited to myocarditis. The critical role of inflammation and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis has been well characterized in preclinical studies, and several emerging clinical studies indicate a potential role of immune checkpoint targeting therapies in the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of T-cell immunity in atherogenesis and describe the molecular effects and clinical associations of both approved and investigational immune checkpoint therapy on atherosclerosis. We also highlight the role of cholesterol metabolism in oncogenesis and discuss the implications of these associations on future treatment and monitoring of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the oncologic population receiving immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Vuong
- Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley F Stein-Merlob
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arash Nayeri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric H Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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40
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Assumpção JAF, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Duarte MSV, Bonamino MH, Magalhães KG. The ambiguous role of obesity in oncology by promoting cancer but boosting antitumor immunotherapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:12. [PMID: 35164764 PMCID: PMC8842976 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is nowadays considered a pandemic which prevalence's has been steadily increasingly in western countries. It is a dynamic, complex, and multifactorial disease which propitiates the development of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Excessive adipose tissue has been causally related to cancer progression and is a preventable risk factor for overall and cancer-specific survival, associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The onset of obesity features a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and secretion of a diversity of adipocyte-derived molecules (adipokines, cytokines, hormones), responsible for altering the metabolic, inflammatory, and immune landscape. The crosstalk between adipocytes and tumor cells fuels the tumor microenvironment with pro-inflammatory factors, promoting tissue injury, mutagenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Although classically established as a risk factor for cancer and treatment toxicity, recent evidence suggests mild obesity is related to better outcomes, with obese cancer patients showing better responses to treatment when compared to lean cancer patients. This phenomenon is termed obesity paradox and has been reported in different types and stages of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer are still not fully described but point to systemic alterations in metabolic fitness and modulation of the tumor microenvironment by obesity-associated molecules. Obesity impacts the response to cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and has been reported as having a positive association with immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we discuss obesity's association to inflammation and cancer, also highlighting potential physiological and biological mechanisms underlying this association, hoping to clarify the existence and impact of obesity paradox in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Saldanha Viegas Duarte
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martín Hernan Bonamino
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice - Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Satoh M, Iizuka M, Majima M, Ohwa C, Hattori A, Van Kaer L, Iwabuchi K. Adipose invariant NKT cells interact with CD1d-expressing macrophages to regulate obesity-related inflammation. Immunology 2022; 165:414-427. [PMID: 35137411 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by and accelerated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This low-level inflammation predisposes the host to the development of metabolic disease, most notably type 2 diabetes. We have focused on the capacity of glycolipid-reactive, CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells to modulate obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae. We previously reported that CD1d knockout (KO) mice are partially protected against the development of obesity-associated insulin-resistance, and these findings were recapitulated in mice with an adipocyte-specific CD1d deficiency, suggesting that NKT cell-adipocyte interactions play a critical role in exacerbating disease. However, many other CD1d-expressing cells contribute to the in vivo responses of NKT cells to lipid antigens. In the present study, we examined the role of CD1d expression by macrophages (Mϕ) to the development of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation using LysMcre-cd1d1f/f mice where the CD1d1 gene is disrupted in a Mϕ-specific manner. Unexpectedly, these animals contained a higher frequency of T-bet+ CD4+ T cells in VAT with increased production of Th1-cytokines that aggravated VAT inflammation. Mϕ from mutant mice displayed increased production of IL-12p40, suggesting M1 polarization. These findings indicate that interactions of CD1d on Mϕ with NKT cells play a beneficial role in obesity-associated VAT inflammation and insulin resistance with a sharp contrast to an aggravating role of CD1d on another type of antigen presenting cell, dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine.,Program in Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Misao Iizuka
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine.,Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Kanagawa Institute of Technology (KAIT), Atsugi, Japan
| | - Chizuru Ohwa
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Akito Hattori
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine.,Program in Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University
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Dulong J, Loisel S, Rossille D, Léonard S, Bescher N, Bezier I, Latour M, Monvoisin C, Monnier D, Bertheuil N, Roulois D, Tarte K. CD40L-expressing CD4+ T cells prime adipose-derived stromal cells to produce inflammatory chemokines. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Quante M, Iske J, Uehara H, Minami K, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Matsunaga T, Liu Y, Azuma H, Perkins D, Alegre ML, Zhou H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. Taurodeoxycholic acid and valine reverse obesity-associated augmented alloimmune responses and prolong allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:402-413. [PMID: 34551205 PMCID: PMC10614103 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity initiates a chronic inflammatory network linked to perioperative complications and increased acute rejection rates in organ transplantation. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of obesity recommended for morbidly obese transplant recipients. Here, we delineated the effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on alloimmunity and transplant outcomes in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Allograft survival was significantly shorter in DIO-mice. When performing sleeve gastrectomies (SGx) prior to transplantation, we found attenuated T cell-derived alloimmune responses resulting in prolonged allograft survival. Administering taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and valine, metabolites depleted in DIO-mice and restored through SGx, prolonged graft survival in DIO-mice comparable with SGx an dampened Th1 and Th17 alloimmune responses while Treg frequencies and CD4+ T cell-derived IL-10 production were augmented. Moreover, in recipient animals treated with TDCA/valine, levels of donor-specific antibodies had been reduced. Mechanistically, TDCA/valine restrained inflammatory M1-macrophage polarization through TGR5 that compromised cAMP signaling and inhibited macrophage-derived T cell activation. Consistently, administering a TGR5 agonist to DIO-mice prolonged allograft survival. Overall, we provide novel insights into obesity-induced inflammation and its impact on alloimmunity. Furthermore, we introduce TDCA/valine as a noninvasive alternative treatment for obese transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quante
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ryochi Maenosono
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - David Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Basolo A, Poma AM, Giannini R, Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Fierabracci P, Castany MU, Bechi Genzano S, Ambrosini CE, Materazzi G, Chiovato L, Basolo F, Santini F, Torregrossa L. Histological pattern and gene expression profiling of thyroid tissue in subjects with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:413-423. [PMID: 34392500 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subjects with obesity may exhibit an increase in serum TSH concentrations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, including the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance an accelerated turnover of thyroid hormones in subjects with obesity. This study aimed at evaluating whether the thyroids of subjects with obesity differs from those of normal-weight individuals regarding histology and gene expression profiling. METHODS Ninety-eight patients were selected among those scheduled for thyroidectomy. At histology, thyroid tissue samples were investigated for the presence of adipocytes and/or lymphocyte infiltration. In a subset of patients, the expression at mRNA level of several genes involved in metabolic pathways and immune cell-related mechanisms was quantified by NanoString Technology. RESULTS The presence of adipose cells was documented in thyroid specimens from 40% normal weight, 52.9% overweight and 73.5% patients with obesity. The number of infiltrating adipocytes was greater in specimens of patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight. The lymphocytes common antigen (CD45) and mast cell (MC) scores, and the number of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Several genes involved in metabolic pathways were differently expressed in patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight, with upregulation of Leptin receptor and downregulation of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5. CONCLUSIONS Increased BMI is associated with adipocyte and lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid, not related to an autoimmune process, which might affect thyroid function in subjects with obesity. A differential gene expression profiling of metabolic and immune pathways in thyroid tissues of patients with obesity was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basolo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A M Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Giannini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Fierabracci
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M U Castany
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bechi Genzano
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C E Ambrosini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - F Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hernández-García E, Cueto FJ, Cook ECL, Redondo-Urzainqui A, Charro-Zanca S, Robles-Vera I, Conde-Garrosa R, Nikolić I, Sabio G, Sancho D, Iborra S. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells protect against age-related adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:260-75. [PMID: 34983945 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) scan and integrate environmental cues in almost every tissue, including exogenous metabolic signals. While cDCs are critical in maintaining immune balance, their role in preserving energy homeostasis is unclear. Here, we showed that Batf3-deficient mice lacking conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) had increased body weight and adiposity during aging. This led to impaired energy expenditure and glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis. cDC1 deficiency caused adipose tissue inflammation that was preceded by a paucity of NK1.1+ invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Accordingly, among antigen-presenting cells, cDC1s exhibited notable induction of IFN-γ production by iNKT cells, which plays a metabolically protective role in lean adipose tissue. Flt3L treatment, which expands the dendritic cell (DC) compartment, mitigated diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in a Batf3-dependent manner. This effect was partially mediated by NK1.1+ cells. These results reveal a new critical role for the cDC1-iNKT cell axis in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Park CS, Shastri N. The Role of T Cells in Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e13. [PMID: 35291655 PMCID: PMC8901709 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. Obesity alters the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the intestines from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory, which promotes low grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Various T cell subsets either help maintain metabolic homeostasis in healthy states or contribute to obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. In this review, we will discuss the T cell subsets that reside in adipose tissue and intestines and their role in the development of obesity-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Guerreiro VA, Carvalho D, Freitas P. Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Inflammation Answered in Questions. J Obes 2022; 2022:2252516. [PMID: 35321537 PMCID: PMC8938152 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2252516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity is a global health problem of epidemic proportions, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue (AT) mass and significant repercussions in different body apparati and systems. AT is a special connective tissue, which contains several types of cells, in addition to adipocytes, and is a highly active endocrine and immune organ, which directly modulates many processes, including energy balance, metabolism, and inflammation. Summary. In this paper, the authors list and attempt to answer in a brief and simple way several questions regarding the complex relationships between obesity, adipose tissue, and inflammation, with the objective to provide an easy way to understand the main changes that occur in this pathological state. The questions are the following: Is adipose tissue only made up of adipocytes? Are adipocytes just a reservoir of free fatty acids? Do different types of fatty tissue exist? If so, which types? Can we further subcategorize the types of adipose tissue? Is it possible to form new adipocytes during adulthood? What is the role of inflammation? What is the role of macrophages? Are macrophages central mediators of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance? What causes macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue? What is the role of hypoxia in AT alterations? Is there cross talk between adipocytes and immune cells? What other changes occur in AT in obesity? Does metabolically healthy obesity really exist? Is this a benign condition? Key messages. Obesity is a complex disease with numerous metabolic consequences, which are mainly the result of dysfunction that occurs in the adipose tissue of patients with this pathology. Understanding the pathophysiology of AT and the changes that occur in obesity would contribute to a better approach to patients with obesity, with the inherent medical implications that could result from this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Guerreiro
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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Abachi S, Pilon G, Marette A, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Immunomodulatory effects of fish peptides on cardiometabolic syndrome associated risk factors: A review. Food Reviews International 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2014861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Felipe Pereira R, Willian Lattari Tessarin G, Yamamoto Chiba F, Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera M, Gomes Pereira A, Verônica Saori Tsosura T, Gustavo Balera Brito V, Akira Fujii de Oliveira R, Ervolino E, Helena Penha de Oliveira S, Tavares Angelo Cintra L, Hissako Matsushita D. Apical periodontitis promotes insulin resistance and alters adaptive immunity markers in rats. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:979-986. [PMID: 34916766 PMCID: PMC8665232 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical lesions promotes higher T-bet expression and lower GATA3 and FOXP3 expression. Periapical lesion promotes increased GATA3 and decreased FOXP3 expression in the group with 4 periapical lesions (4PL) The adaptive immune system, with a predominance of the Th1 polarization, may be involved in the development of insulin resistance in rats with Periapical lesions.
Objective Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic or acute inflammatory disease usually developed from endodontic infections, predominantly due to gram-negative anaerobic bacteria invading the dental pulp. This study aimed to evaluate lymphocyte markers to assess the involvement of adaptive immunity in insulin resistance (IR) in a rat model of AP. Design. Forty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups (control, 1AP and 4AP). AP was induced in the upper right first molar (1AP), and in the first and second upper and lower right molars (4AP). The spleen was collected to evaluate the expression of transcription factors involved in lymphocyte polarization, including T-bet (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), and FOXP3 (Treg). Blood samples were assessed for serum cytokine levels transcribed by the respective lymphocyte polarizations, INF-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2) and TGF-β (Treg). In addition, glucose and insulin levels were measured to evaluate IR by the HOMA-IR method. Results The results showed higher T-bet expression on AP groups, along with lower GATA3 and FOXP3 expression in the 1AP, in addition to increased GATA3 and decreased FOXP3 expression in the 4AP group compared to the CN group. There was no difference in the INF-γ levels, while IL-4 was decreased in the AP groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the adaptive immune system, with a predominance of the Th1 polarization, may be involved in the development of IR in rats with AP. Conclusions AP promotes increase in the expression of T-bet (4AP) and decrease of FOXP3 expressions and IL-4 levels (1AP and 4AP). However, depending on the number of lesions (1 or 4 lesions), the expression of GATA3 appears differently. Thus, innate immunity and adaptive immunity may contribute to the IR observed in rats with AP.
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Key Words
- 1AP, group with 1 apical periodontitis
- 4AP, group with 4 apical periodontitis (4AP)
- AP, Apical periodontitis
- Adaptive immunity
- Apical periodontitis
- Endodontics
- FOXP3, forkhead box P3
- GATA3, Binding protein 3
- IL-4, interleukin-4
- INF-γ, Interferon-gamma
- IR, Insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- T-bet, T-box transcription factor TBX21
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor beta
- Th1, T helper 1
- Th2, T helper 2
- Treg, Regulatory T cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Felipe Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,University Center North Paulista (UNORP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gomes Pereira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Akira Fujii de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Matsushita
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Matia-Garcia I, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Muñoz-Valle JF, García-Chagollán M, Loaeza-Loaeza J, Vences-Velázquez A, Salgado-Goytia L, García-Arellano S, Parra-Rojas I. Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6587-6600. [PMID: 34908860 PMCID: PMC8664383 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. Patients and Methods A total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system. Results A cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38–75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-ɣ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8–85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10–63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-ɣ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03). Conclusion Th1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Matia-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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