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Tan X, Qi C, Zhao X, Sun L, Wu M, Sun W, Gu L, Wang F, Feng H, Huang X, Xie B, Shi Z, Xie P, Wu M, Zhang Y, Chen G. ERK Inhibition Promotes Engraftment of Allografts by Reprogramming T-Cell Metabolism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206768. [PMID: 37013935 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling is a master regulator of cell behavior, life, and fate. Although ERK pathway is shown to be involved in T-cell activation, little is known about its role in the development of allograft rejection. Here, it is reported that ERK signaling pathway is activated in allograft-infiltrating T cells. On the basis of surface plasmon resonance technology, lycorine is identified as an ERK-specific inhibitor. ERK inhibition by lycorine significantly prolongs allograft survival in a stringent mouse cardiac allotransplant model. As compared to untreated mice, lycorine-treated mice show a decrease in the number and activation of allograft-infiltrated T cells. It is further confirmed that lycorine-treated mouse and human T cells are less responsive to stimulation in vitro, as indicated by their low proliferative rates and decreased cytokine production. Mechanistic studies reveal that T cells treated with lycorine exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in metabolic reprogramming upon stimulation. Transcriptome analysis of lycorine-treated T cells reveals an enrichment in a series of downregulated terms related to immune response, the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and metabolic processes. These findings offer new insights into the development of immunosuppressive agents by targeting the ERK pathway involved in T-cell activation and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Mi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xia Huang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Peiling Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
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Wang T, Xiao Y, Hu Z, Gu J, Hua R, Hai Z, Chen X, Zhang JV, Yu Z, Wu T, Yeung WSB, Liu K, Guo C. MFN2 Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Functions and PPAR Pathway During Spermatogenesis and Meiosis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862506. [PMID: 35493072 PMCID: PMC9046932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their activity is known to be regulated by changes in morphology via fusion and fission events. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics on cellular differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial fusion during spermatogenesis by generating an Mfn2 (mitofusin 2) conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse model. We found that depletion of MFN2 in male germ cells led to disrupted spermatogenesis and meiosis during which the majority of Mfn2 cKO spermatocytes did not develop to the pachytene stage. We showed that in these Mfn2 cKO spermatocytes, oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria was affected. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis showed that there was a significantly altered transcriptome profile in the Mfn2 deficient pachytene (or pachytene-like) spermatocytes, with a total of 262 genes up-regulated and 728 genes down-regulated, compared with wild-type (control) mice. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway was altered, and subsequent more detailed analysis showed that the expression of PPAR α and PPAR γ was up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in the MFN2 deficient pachytene (or pachytene-like) spermatocytes. We also demonstrated that there were more lipid droplets in the Mfn2 cKO cells than in the control cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a novel finding that MFN2 deficiency negatively affects mitochondrial functions and alters PPAR pathway together with lipid metabolism during spermatogenesis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Tianren Wang, ; Chenxi Guo,
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renwu Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Hai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V. Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S. B. Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Tianren Wang, ; Chenxi Guo,
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Dunbar H, Weiss DJ, Rolandsson Enes S, Laffey JG, English K. The Inflammatory Lung Microenvironment; a Key Mediator in MSC Licensing. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112982. [PMID: 34831203 PMCID: PMC8616504 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for various inflammatory conditions have highlighted the significant benefit to patients who respond to MSC administration. Thus, there is strong interest in investigating MSC therapy in acute inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, not all patients respond, and evidence now suggests that the differential disease microenvironment present across patients and sub-phenotypes of disease or across disease severities influences MSC licensing, function and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the importance of licensing MSCs and the need to better understand how the disease microenvironment influences MSC activation and therapeutic actions, in addition to the need for a patient-stratification approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Dunbar
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, 226 Health Science Research Facility, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden;
| | - John G Laffey
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
- Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, SAOLTA University Health Group, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen English
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7086290
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Perez Diaz N, Lione LA, Hutter V, Mackenzie LS. Co-Incubation with PPARβ/δ Agonists and Antagonists Modeled Using Computational Chemistry: Effect on LPS Induced Inflammatory Markers in Pulmonary Artery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063158. [PMID: 33808880 PMCID: PMC8003823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) is a nuclear receptor ubiquitously expressed in cells, whose signaling controls inflammation. There are large discrepancies in understanding the complex role of PPARβ/δ in disease, having both anti- and pro-effects on inflammation. After ligand activation, PPARβ/δ regulates genes by two different mechanisms; induction and transrepression, the effects of which are difficult to differentiate directly. We studied the PPARβ/δ-regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation (indicated by release of nitrite and IL-6) of rat pulmonary artery, using different combinations of agonists (GW0742 or L-165402) and antagonists (GSK3787 or GSK0660). LPS induced release of NO and IL-6 is not significantly reduced by incubation with PPARβ/δ ligands (either agonist or antagonist), however, co-incubation with an agonist and antagonist significantly reduces LPS-induced nitrite production and Nos2 mRNA expression. In contrast, incubation with LPS and PPARβ/δ agonists leads to a significant increase in Pdk-4 and Angptl-4 mRNA expression, which is significantly decreased in the presence of PPARβ/δ antagonists. Docking using computational chemistry methods indicates that PPARβ/δ agonists form polar bonds with His287, His413 and Tyr437, while antagonists are more promiscuous about which amino acids they bind to, although they are very prone to bind Thr252 and Asn307. Dual binding in the PPARβ/δ binding pocket indicates the ligands retain similar binding energies, which suggests that co-incubation with both agonist and antagonist does not prevent the specific binding of each other to the large PPARβ/δ binding pocket. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the possibility of binding two ligands simultaneously into the PPARβ/δ binding pocket has been explored. Agonist binding followed by antagonist simultaneously switches the PPARβ/δ mode of action from induction to transrepression, which is linked with an increase in Nos2 mRNA expression and nitrite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Perez Diaz
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Lisa A. Lione
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Victoria Hutter
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Louise S. Mackenzie
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
- Correspondence:
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Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Stojković M, Grigorov I, Pavlović S, Jasnić N, Tosti T, Macut JB, Thiemermann C, Đorđević J. Lipidomics Provides New Insight into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062798. [PMID: 33801983 PMCID: PMC7999969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play an essential role in both tissue protection and damage. Tissue ischemia creates anaerobic conditions in which enzyme inactivation occurs, and reperfusion can initiate oxidative stress that leads to harmful changes in membrane lipids, the formation of aldehydes, and chain damage until cell death. The critical event in such a series of harmful events in the cell is the unwanted accumulation of fatty acids that leads to lipotoxicity. Lipid analysis provides additional insight into the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) disorders and reveals new targets for drug action. The profile of changes in the composition of fatty acids in the cell, as well as the time course of these changes, indicate both the mechanism of damage and new therapeutic possibilities. A therapeutic approach to reperfusion lipotoxicity involves attenuation of fatty acids overload, i.e., their transport to adipose tissue and/or inhibition of the adverse effects of fatty acids on cell damage and death. The latter option involves using PPAR agonists and drugs that modulate the transport of fatty acids via carnitine into the interior of the mitochondria or the redirection of long-chain fatty acids to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Todorović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-63-8827076
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Maja Stojković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Ilijana Grigorov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Nebojša Jasnić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors are important bridges between lipid signaling molecules and transcription responses. Beside their role in several developmental and physiological processes, many of these receptors have been shown to regulate and determine the fate of immune cells, and the outcome of immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions. While NLRP3 inflammasome is assumed as key regulator for innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been associated with various pathological events, the precise impact of the nuclear receptors on the function of inflammasome is hardly investigated. A wide variety of factors and conditions have been identified as modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and at the same time, many of the nuclear receptors are known to regulate, and interact with these factors, including cellular metabolism and various signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors are in the focus of many researches, as these receptors are easy to manipulate by lipid soluble molecules. Importantly, nuclear receptors mediate regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels: not only at transcription level, but also in the cytosol via non-genomic effects. Their importance is also reflected by the numerous approved drugs that have been developed in the past decade to specifically target nuclear receptors subtypes. Researches aiming to delineate mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation draw a wide range of attention due to their unquestionable importance in infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of current reports and knowledge about NLRP3 inflammasome regulation from the perspective of nuclear receptors, in order to bring new insight to the potentially therapeutic aspect in targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alatshan
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Chen J, Purvis GSD, Collotta D, Al Zoubi S, Sugimoto MA, Cacace A, Martin L, Colas RA, Collino M, Dalli J, Thiemermann C. RvE1 Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Enhances Bacterial Clearance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2080. [PMID: 32983159 PMCID: PMC7492649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiac dysfunction caused by microbial infection predicts high mortality in sepsis patients. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) mediate resolution of inflammation in many inflammatory diseases, and are differentially expressed in plasma of sepsis patients. Here, we investigated whether the levels of SPMs are altered in the murine septic heart following polymicrobial sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Ten weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), which is a clinically relevant sepsis model receiving analgesics, antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation. CLP caused a significant systolic dysfunction assessed by echocardiography. The hearts were subjected to LC-MS/MS based lipid mediator profiling. Many SPMs were significantly reduced in septic hearts, among which RvE1 had a ~93-fold reduction. Treatment of CLP mice with synthetic RvE1 (1 μg/mouse i.v.) at 1 h after CLP increased peritoneal macrophages number, particularly MHC II- macrophages. RvE1 reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and CCL2) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. RvE1 attenuated cardiac dysfunction in septic mice and increased cardiac phosphorylated Akt; decreased cardiac phosphorylated IκB kinase α/β, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases 1/2. Most notably, RvE1 treatment reduced peritoneal bacterial load and promoted phagocytosis activity of BMDMs. In conclusion, cardiac SPMs, particularly RvE1, are substantially reduced in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Delayed therapeutic administration of RvE1 to mice with polymicrobial sepsis attenuates the cardiac dysfunction through modulating immuno-inflammatory responses. In addition to the above effects, the ability to enhance bacterial clearance makes RvE1 an ideal therapeutic to reduce the sequalae of polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth S D Purvis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sura Al Zoubi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cacace
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Complication Research Centre, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Martin
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman A Colas
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Silwal P, Paik S, Jeon SM, Jo EK. Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:E1979. [PMID: 32867365 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is tightly controlled at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of gene sets involved in, for example, metabolic and immune homeostasis. Several NRs show promise as host-directed anti-infectives through the modulation of autophagy activities by their natural ligands or small molecules (agonists/antagonists). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of NRs (vitamin D receptors, estrogen receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in linking immunity and autophagy during infection. We also discuss the potential of emerging NRs (REV-ERBs, retinoic acid receptors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors) as candidate antimicrobials. The identification of novel roles and mechanisms for NRs will enable the development of autophagy-adjunctive therapeutics for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three different isoforms, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta/delta and PPAR gamma have been identified. They all form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors to activate or repress downstream target genes dependent on the presence/absence of ligands and coactivators or corepressors. PPARs differ in their tissue expression profile, ligands and specific agonists and antagonists. PPARs attract attention as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. PPAR alpha and gamma agonists are in clinical use for the treatment of dyslipidemias and diabetes. For both receptors, several clinical trials as potential therapeutic targets for cancer are ongoing. In contrast, PPAR beta/delta has been suggested as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. However, potential risks in the settings of cancer are less clear. A variety of studies have investigated PPAR beta/delta expression or activation/inhibition in different cancer cell models in vitro, but the relevance for cancer growth in vivo is less well documented and controversial. In this review, we summarize critically the knowledge of PPAR beta/delta functions for the different hallmarks of cancer biological capabilities, which interplay to determine cancer growth.
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10
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Amaro-Leal Â, Shvachiy L, Pinto R, Geraldes V, Rocha I, Mota-Filipe H. Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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11
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Topdağı Ö, Tanyeli A, Akdemir FNE, Eraslan E, Güler MC, Çomaklı S. Preventive effects of fraxin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Life Sci 2019; 242:117217. [PMID: 31884094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Kidney ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is an important health problem resulting in acute kidney failure. The oxidative stress and inflammatory process are the underlying mechanisms of IR injury. It has been purposed in this study to research the possible protective effects of fraxin on kidney injury induced by IR. MATERIAL AND METHODS 32 Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups. The groups were organized as follows; sham, IR, IR + fraxin 10 mg/kg, and IR + 50 mg/kg fraxin groups. Some oxidant, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters were evaluated in kidney tissues removed at the end of our experimental study. KEY FINDINGS It was detected that the oxidant and proinflammatory markers increased and antioxidant parameters decreased in IR group but the results significantly reversed in treatment groups compared to IR group. And also, 8-OHdG, NF-κB, HAVCR1 immunopositivities were at severe levels and these results attenuated in IR fraxin + 10 mg/kg, and IR + fraxin 50 mg/kg groups. SIGNIFICANCE These presented results have shown that fraxin performed protective effects against kidney injury induced by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Topdağı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Tanyeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fazile Nur Ekinci Akdemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, High School of Health, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ersen Eraslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Can Güler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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12
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Traven A, Naderer T. Central metabolic interactions of immune cells and microbes: prospects for defeating infections. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47995. [PMID: 31267653 PMCID: PMC6607010 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance is threatening to take us to the "pre-antibiotic era", where people are dying from preventable and treatable diseases and the risk of hospital-associated infections compromises the success of surgery and cancer treatments. Development of new antibiotics is slow, and alternative approaches to control infections have emerged based on insights into metabolic pathways in host-microbe interactions. Central carbon metabolism of immune cells is pivotal in mounting an effective response to invading pathogens, not only to meet energy requirements, but to directly activate antimicrobial responses. Microbes are not passive players here-they remodel their metabolism to survive and grow in host environments. Sometimes, microbes might even benefit from the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, and pathogens such as Candida albicans, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus can compete with activated host cells for sugars that are needed for essential metabolic pathways linked to inflammatory processes. Here, we discuss how metabolic interactions between innate immune cells and microbes determine their survival during infection, and ways in which metabolism could be manipulated as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Thomas Naderer
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
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Guillon A, Preau S, Aboab J, Azabou E, Jung B, Silva S, Textoris J, Uhel F, Vodovar D, Zafrani L, de Prost N, Radermacher P. Preclinical septic shock research: why we need an animal ICU. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:66. [PMID: 31183570 PMCID: PMC6557957 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments are widely used in preclinical medical research with the goal of disease modeling and exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. In the context of sepsis and septic shock, the translation into clinical practice has been disappointing. Classical animal models of septic shock usually involve one-sex-one-age animal models, mostly in mice or rats, contrasting with the heterogeneous population of septic shock patients. Many other factors limit the reliability of preclinical models and may contribute to preclinical research failure in critical care, including the host specificity of several pathogens, the fact that laboratory animals are raised in pathogen-free facilities and that organ support techniques are either absent or minimal. Advanced animal models have been developed with the aim of improving the clinical translatability of experimental findings. So-called animal ICUs refer to the preclinical investigation of adult or even aged animals of either sex, using—in case of rats and mice—miniaturized equipment allowing for reproducing an ICU environment at a small animal scale and integrating chronic comorbidities to more closely reflect the clinical conditions studied. Strength and limitations of preclinical animal models designed to decipher the mechanisms involved in septic cardiomyopathy are discussed. This article reviews the current status and the challenges of setting up an animal ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guillon
- Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sebastien Preau
- Service de Médecine Intensive, Hôpital Salengro, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), U 995, School of Medicine, INSERM, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Aboab
- Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Eric Azabou
- Service de Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 92380, Garches, France
| | - Boris Jung
- Service de Réanimation, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Service de Réanimation, CHU Purpan, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 69437, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-induced Immunosuppression, University of Lyon1-Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- Service de Réanimation Médicale et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Centre Antipoison et de Toxicovigilance de Paris - Fédération de Toxicologie, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,UMRS 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
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Li Q, Cui S, Jing G, Ding H, Xia Z, He X. The role of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in the protective effects of propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e20190010000005. [PMID: 30785506 PMCID: PMC6585923 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190010000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of PI3k/Akt signal pathway in the protective effects
of propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal
ischemia/reperfusion(I/R). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia by occluding
the superior mesenteric artery and to 2h of reperfusion to establish the
model of I/R. Twenty four rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham,
intestinal I/R (II/R), propofol (P), wortmannin (W). In groups P, W,
propofol was injected intravenously and continuously at the onset of
reperfusion via infusion pump. PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) was administered
intravenously in group W 25 min before ischemia. Intestinal tissues and lung
tissues were obtained for determination of histologic injury, wet/dry weight
ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Meanwhile, the expressions of caspase-3
and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in intestines and lungs were detected by
western blot. Results Propofol treatment alleviated intestinal and lung morphological changes which
were observed in II/R group , Moreover, wet/dry weight ratio, the MDA level,
MPO activity and expression of caspase-3 were significantly decreased
whereas the SOD activity and p-Akt expression were significantly increased.
Notably, the protections were significantly reversed by pretreatment of
wortmannin. Conclusion: PI3K/Akt pathway activation play a critical role in the protective effects of
propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Li
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Manuscript preparation and writng
| | - Shanshan Cui
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisiton of data
| | - Guoqing Jing
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Analysis and interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Huang Ding
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Histopathological examinations, statistics analysis
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Final approval
| | - Xianghu He
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Critical revision
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15
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Liu Y, Deguchi Y, Tian R, Wei D, Wu L, Chen W, Xu W, Xu M, Liu F, Gao S, Jaoude JC, Chrieki SP, Moussalli MJ, Gagea M, Morris J, Broaddus RR, Zuo X, Shureiqi I. Pleiotropic Effects of PPARD Accelerate Colorectal Tumorigenesis, Progression, and Invasion. Cancer Res 2019; 79:954-969. [PMID: 30679176 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
APC mutations activate aberrant β-catenin signaling to drive initiation of colorectal cancer; however, colorectal cancer progression requires additional molecular mechanisms. PPAR-delta (PPARD), a downstream target of β-catenin, is upregulated in colorectal cancer. However, promotion of intestinal tumorigenesis following deletion of PPARD in Apcmin mice has raised questions about the effects of PPARD on aberrant β-catenin activation and colorectal cancer. In this study, we used mouse models of PPARD overexpression or deletion combined with APC mutation (ApcΔ580 ) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) to elucidate the contributions of PPARD in colorectal cancer. Overexpression or deletion of PPARD in IEC augmented or suppressed β-catenin activation via up- or downregulation of BMP7/TAK1 signaling and strongly promoted or suppressed colorectal cancer, respectively. Depletion of PPARD in human colorectal cancer organoid cells inhibited BMP7/β-catenin signaling and suppressed organoid self-renewal. Treatment with PPARD agonist GW501516 enhanced colorectal cancer tumorigenesis in ApcΔ580 mice, whereas treatment with PPARD antagonist GSK3787 suppressed tumorigenesis. PPARD expression was significantly higher in human colorectal cancer-invasive fronts versus their paired tumor centers and adenomas. Reverse-phase protein microarray and validation studies identified PPARD-mediated upregulation of other proinvasive pathways: connexin 43, PDGFRβ, AKT1, EIF4G1, and CDK1. Our data demonstrate that PPARD strongly potentiates multiple tumorigenic pathways to promote colorectal cancer progression and invasiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings address long-standing, important, and unresolved questions related to the potential role of PPARD in APC mutation-dependent colorectal tumorigenesis by showing PPARD activation enhances APC mutation-dependent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasunori Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan C Jaoude
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah P Chrieki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Micheline J Moussalli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Al Zoubi S, Chen J, Murphy C, Martin L, Chiazza F, Collotta D, Yaqoob MM, Collino M, Thiemermann C. Linagliptin Attenuates the Cardiac Dysfunction Associated With Experimental Sepsis in Mice With Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes by Inhibiting NF-κB. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2996. [PMID: 30619349 PMCID: PMC6305440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of patients who develop sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction is high. Many disease conditions (e.g., diabetes) increase the susceptibility to infections and subsequently sepsis. Activation of the NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. The effect of diabetes on outcomes in patients with sepsis is still highly controversial. We here hypothesized that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) augments the cardiac (organ) dysfunction associated with sepsis, and that inhibition of the NF-κB pathway with linagliptin attenuates the cardiac (organ) dysfunction in mice with T2DM/sepsis. To investigate this, 10-week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive normal chow or high fat diet (HFD), 60% of calories derived from fat). After 12 weeks, mice were subjected to sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for 24 h. At 1 hour after surgery, mice were treated with linagliptin (10 mg/kg, i.v.), IKK-16 (1 mg/kg, i.v.), or vehicle (2% DMSO, 3 ml/kg, i.v.). Mice also received analgesia, fluids and antibiotics at 6 and 18 h after surgery. Mice that received HFD showed a significant increase in body weight, impairment in glucose tolerance, reduction in ejection fraction (%EF), and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Mice on HFD subjected to CLP showed further reduction in %EF, increase in ALT, developed acute kidney dysfunction and lung injury. They also showed significant increase in NF-κB pathway, iNOS expression, and serum inflammatory cytokines compared to sham surgery group. Treatment of HFD-CLP mice with linagliptin or IKK-16 resulted in significant reductions in (i) cardiac, liver, kidney, and lung injury associated with CLP-sepsis, (ii) NF-κB activation and iNOS expression in the heart, and (iii) serum inflammatory cytokine levels compared to HFD-CLP mice treated with vehicle. Our data show that pre-existing type 2 diabetes phenotype worsens the organ dysfunction/injury associated with CLP-sepsis in mice. Most notably, inhibition of NF-κB reduces the organ dysfunction/injury associated with sepsis in mice with pre-existing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sura Al Zoubi
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Murphy
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Martin
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Yang L, Zhang H, Chen P. Sulfur dioxide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:11-20. [PMID: 30273666 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular system. This study was aimed to investigate cardioprotective effects of SO2 on in the rat and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Sepsis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats were used. SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3, 1:3 M/M) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 85 mg/kg. Primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with LPS (1 mg/mL) in presence or absence of different concentrations of SO2 (10, 50 and 100 μmol/L). SO2 donor could restore the decreased levels of SO2 in plasma and heart of septic rats. SO2 exhibited dramatic improvement in cardiac functions. At 24 h after CLP, SO2 treatments decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activity of caspase-3. Moreover CLP-induced inflammatory response was also relieved by SO2. In NRCMs, SO2 could suppress the LPS-induced myocardial injury, leading to an increase in cell viability, a decrease in LDH and apoptotic rate. Western blot showed that the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 were obviously increased in myocardial tissue of CLP group or in NRCMs of LPS group, while SO2 significantly inhibited the CLP-induced or LPS-induced TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 expression. CONCLUSION SO2 attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction likely in association with the inhibiting inflammation via TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Peili Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
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18
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Socha BM, Łada P, Szczepańska AA, Łupicka M, Korzekwa AJ. The influence of experimentally induced endometritis on the PPAR expression profile in the bovine endometrium. Theriogenology 2018; 122:74-83. [PMID: 30243137 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The PPARs activity can be modified e.g. by arachidonic acid metabolites. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main infectious agent of endometritis in dairy cows. We hypothesized that PPAR expression profile change in the bovine endometrium under the influence of LPS or E. coli. In experiment 1, endometrial explants were obtained post mortem from heifers and incubated without (control) or with LPS for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In experiment 2, heifers were intrauterine infused with 0.9% NaCl (control) or with E. coli suspension in 0.9% NaCl. Endometrial biopsies were performed before (0 h) and 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h after the infusions. In experiment 1, the increase in protein expression was observed for PPARα 48 h, for PPARβ/δ 24, 72 and 96 h, whereas for PPARγ 12, 24 and 96 h after LPS treatment relative to the control groups. In experiment 2, the up-regulation in protein expression was observed for PPARα 48 and 72 h, for PPARβ/δ 72 and 96 h, for PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 12 and 96 h after the intrauterine infusion with E. coli suspension compared to the control group. Changes in mRNA and protein PPAR expression profile in endometrial explants under the exposure of LPS indicate participation of these nuclear receptors in signal transduction during stimulation with LPS. The patterns of mRNA and protein PPAR expression in endometrial bioptates suggest that during experimentally induced endometritis in vivo, PPARs role may be connected both with enhancement of inflammation as well restoring physiological conditions in uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Socha
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IARFR PAS), Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Łada
- Veterinary Clinic 3VET, Ludowa Str. 78/3, 18-200 Wysokie Mazowieckie, Poland
| | - A A Szczepańska
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Łupicka
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland.
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19
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Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death in the USA and it is expected to get worse as the population ages. Moreover, the standard of care, which recommends aggressive treatment with appropriate antibiotics, has led to an increase in multiple drug-resistant organisms. There is a dire need for the development of new antibiotics, improved antibiotic stewardship, and therapies that treat the host response. Development of new sepsis therapeutics has been a disappointment as no drugs are currently approved to treat the various complications from sepsis. Much of the failure has been blamed on animal models that do not accurately reflect the course of the disease. However, recent improvements in metabolomic, transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic platforms have allowed for a broad-spectrum look at molecular changes in the host response using clinical samples. Integration of these multi-omic datasets allows researchers to perform systems biology approaches to identify novel pathophysiology of the disease. In this review, we highlight what is currently known about sepsis and how integrative omics has identified new diagnostic and predictive models of sepsis as well as novel mechanisms. These changes may improve patient care as well as guide future preclinical analysis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Langley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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20
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Yan C, Deng C, Liu X, Chen Y, Ye J, Cai R, Shen Y, Tang H. TNF-α induction of IL-6 in alveolar type II epithelial cells: Contributions of JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 element, C/EBPδ/C/EBP binding site and IKK/NF-κB p65/κB site. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:585-596. [PMID: 29887504 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although participation of IL-6 in lung inflammation has been widely elucidated, the transcriptional regulation of its generation in alveolar type II cells stimulated by TNF-α remain unclear. Here, we find that TNF-α significantly induces IL-6 production, and TNF-α induction of IL-6 is mainly regulated at transcriptional level. Upon stimulated by TNF-α, Activator Protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated transcriptional activity is apparently increased in alveolar type II epithelial cells, which might be derived from elevated phosphorylation of JNK and subsequent activation of c-Jun. Either down-regulation of c-Jun or the AP-1 site mutation leads to significant reduction of IL-6 expression. In contrast, ectopic expression of c-Jun notably increases IL-6 generation. So, c-Jun, one of the AP-1 family members, plays a pivotal role in TNF-α-induced IL-6 generation. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) expression is significantly amplified by TNF-α, which may contribute to the rise of C/EBP activity in alveolar type II cells. C/EBPδ shRNA treatment results in attenuation of IL-6 expression in the cells, which is consistent with data by introduction of mutations into the C/EBP site in the promoter. However, overexpression of C/EBPδ greatly increases the IL-6 promoter activity. In addition, data regarding another transactivator in the family-C/EBPβ show that it does not affect IL-6 production. We also find that the IKK/NF-κB p65 pathway is activated in TNF-α-treated alveolar type II epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in positive regulation of IL-6 expression in TNF-α-treated alveolar type II epithelial cells via knockdown or forced expression of NF-κB p65, or elimination of κB sites in the IL-6 promoter. Notably, IL-6 promoter-driven luciferase production in primary alveolar type II epithelial cells can also be increased by the ectopic expression of c-Jun, C/EBPδ, and NF-κB p65, respectively. Collectively, our data provide insights into molecular mechanism involved in IL-6 expression in alveolar type II epithelial cells on TNF-α treatment, which provides a theoretical basis for specific inhibition of IL-6 production at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chunmin Deng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiawei Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rentian Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of the State Food and Drug Administration of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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21
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Heck BE, Park JJ, Makani V, Kim EC, Kim DH. PPAR-δ Agonist With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Type II Collagen-Producing Chondrocytes in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1405-1417. [PMID: 28901183 PMCID: PMC5680970 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage within synovial joints. An estimated 27 million Americans suffer from OA, and the population is expected to reach 67 million in the United States by 2030. Thus, it is urgent to find an effective treatment for OA. Traditional OA treatments have no disease-modifying effect, while regenerative OA therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation show some promise. Nonetheless, current regenerative therapies do not overcome synovial inflammation that suppresses the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen, the major constituent of functional cartilage. We discovered a synergistic combination that overcame synovial inflammation to form type II collagen-producing chondrocytes. The combination consists of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ agonist, human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs, and hyaluronic acid (HA) gel. Interestingly, those individual components showed their own strong enhancing effects on chondrogenesis. GW0742, a PPAR-δ agonist, greatly enhanced MSC chondrogenesis and the expression of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in hBM-MSC-derived chondrocytes. GW0742 also increased the expression of transforming growth factor β that enhances chondrogenesis and suppresses cartilage fibrillation, ossification, and inflammation. HA gel also increased MSC chondrogenesis and GAG production. However, neither GW0742 nor HA gel could enhance the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes from hBM-MSCs within human OA synovial fluid. Our data demonstrated that the combination of hBM-MSCs, PPAR-δ agonist, and HA gel significantly enhanced the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes within OA synovial fluid from 3 different donors. In other words, the novel combination of PPAR-δ agonist, hBM-MSCs, and HA gel can overcome synovial inflammation to form type II collagen cartilage within human OA synovial fluid. This novel articularly injectable formula could improve OA treatment in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Heck
- 1 NWO Stem Cure, LLC, Findlay, OH, USA.,2 Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J Park
- 3 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Vishruti Makani
- 3 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- 1 NWO Stem Cure, LLC, Findlay, OH, USA.,2 Northwest Ohio Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Findlay, OH, USA.,5 Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kumar V. T cells and their immunometabolism: A novel way to understanding sepsis immunopathogenesis and future therapeutics. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:379-392. [PMID: 29773345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has always been considered as a big challenge for pharmaceutical companies in terms of discovering and designing new therapeutics. The pathogenesis of sepsis involves aberrant activation of innate immune cells (i.e. macrophages, neutrophils etc.) at early stages. However, a stage of immunosuppression is also observed during sepsis even in the patients who have recovered from it. This stage of immunosuppression is observed due to the loss of conventional (i.e. CD4+, CD8+) T cells, Th17 cells and an upregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This process also impacts metabolic processes controlling immune cell metabolism called immunometabolism. The present review is focused on the T cell-mediated immune response, their immunometabolism and targeting T cell immunometabolism during sepsis as future therapeutic approach. The first part of the manuscripts describes an impact of sepsis on conventional T cells, Th17 cells and Tregs along with their impact on sepsis. The subsequent section further describes the immunometabolism of these cells (CD4+, CD8+, Th17, and Tregs) under normal conditions and during sepsis-induced immunosuppression. The article ends with the therapeutic targeting of T cell immunometabolism (both conventional T cells and Tregs) during sepsis as a future immunomodulatory approach for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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Busch D, Kapoor A, Rademann P, Hildebrand F, Bahrami S, Thiemermann C, Osuchowski MF. Delayed activation of PPAR-β/δ improves long-term survival in mouse sepsis: effects on organ inflammation and coagulation. Innate Immun 2018; 24:262-273. [PMID: 29697010 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918771748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ reduces tissue injury in murine endotoxemia. We hypothesized that the PPAR-β/δ-agonist GW0742 improves long-term outcome after sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Fifty-one CD-1 female mice underwent CLP and received either vehicle (control), GW0742 (0.03 mg/kg/injection; five post-CLP i.v. injections), GSK0660 (PPAR-β/δ-antagonist) or both and were monitored for 28 d. Another 20 CLP mice treated with GW0742 and vehicle were sacrificed 24 h post-CLP to assess coagulopathy. Compared to vehicle, survival of CLP-mice treated with GW0742 was higher by 35% at d 7 and by 50% at d 28. CLP mice treated with GW0742 had 60% higher IFN-γ but circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemokine ligand were lower at 48 h post-CLP. Compared to vehicle, CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a 50% reduction in the circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 associated with an increase in platelet number at 24 h post-CLP (but no changes occurred in anti-thrombin-III, plasminogen, fibrinogen and clotting-times). CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a similar increase in most of the biochemical markers of organ injury/dysfunction (lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and triglycerides) measured. Treatment with GW0742 consistently improved long-term survival in septic CD-1 mice by partially modulating the post-CLP systemic cytokine response and coagulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Busch
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,2 Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - Amar Kapoor
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Pia Rademann
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,4 Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Soheyl Bahrami
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Yin L, Busch D, Qiao Z, van Griensven M, Teuben M, Hildebrand F, Pape HC, Pfeifer R. Dose-dependent effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/δ agonist on systemic inflammation after haemorrhagic shock. Cytokine 2018; 103:127-32. [PMID: 28969938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PPARβ/δ agonists are known to modulate the systemic inflammatory response after sepsis. In this study, inflammation modulation effects of PPARβ/δ are investigated using the selective PPARβ/δ agonist (GW0742) in a model of haemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced sterile systemic inflammation. METHODS Blood pressure-controlled (35±5mmHg) HS was performed in C57/BL6 mice for 90min. Low-dose GW0742 (0.03mg/kg/BW) and high-dose GW0742 (0.3mg/kg/BW) were then administered at the beginning of resuscitation. Mice were sacrificed 6h after induction of HS. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, KC, MCP-1, and GM-CSF were determined by ELISA. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in pulmonary and liver tissues was analysed with standardised MPO kits. RESULTS In mice treated with high-dose GW0742, plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were significantly increased compared to the control group mice. When compared to mice treated with low-dose GW0742 plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF, KC, and MCP-1 were significantly elevated in high-dose-treated mice. Low-dose GW0742 treatment was associated with a non-significant downtrend of inflammatory factors in mice with HS. No significant changes of MPO activity in lung and liver were observed between the control group and the GW0742 treatment groups. CONCLUSION This study identified dose-dependent effects of GW0742 on systemic inflammation after HS. While high-dose GW0742 substantially enhanced the systemic inflammatory response, low-dose GW0742 led to a downtrend of pro-inflammation cytokine expression. The exact mechanisms are yet unknown and need to be assessed in further studies.
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25
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Abstract
To effectively improve outcomes of septic patients, we first need to elucidate the multifaceted pathogenesis of sepsis syndromes and related inflammatory conditions. In fulfillment of such needs, in February 2016, new definitions for sepsis and septic shock were published under the acronym Sepsis-3. Although aimed at the clinical area, Sepsis-3 will have an inevitable influence upon the field of translational research as well. Sepsis-3 brings a considerable shift regarding the experimental focal point: from inflammatory states (SIRS/CARS) to organ failure (single and multiple) as the decisive factor. This shift exposes several shortcomings of the current in vivo sepsis modeling including lack of uniform scoring system for sepsis severity and organ dysfunction/failure; high variability of organ dysfunction phenotypes among animal species/strains; difficulty in reproducing severe, intensive care unit grade of organ dysfunction due to high resistance of experimental animals and others. It is intuitive that clinical Sepsis-3 should also serve as an incentive for developing a global standardized approach in sepsis modeling to maximize its translational potential. This could be achieved, for example, by generating consensus guidelines that would support scientists in their study design and optimal sepsis modeling decision-making. An implementation of such hypothetical "Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies" guidelines across different species has a strong potential for making sepsis studies more reliable and transpolatable. We strongly believe that an internationally coordinated standardization effort in sepsis modeling will certainly serve the above purposes well.
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26
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Chen J, Kieswich JE, Chiazza F, Moyes AJ, Gobbetti T, Purvis GSD, Salvatori DCF, Patel NSA, Perretti M, Hobbs AJ, Collino M, Yaqoob MM, Thiemermann C. IκB Kinase Inhibitor Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:94-105. [PMID: 27153924 PMCID: PMC5198262 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with CKD requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold higher mortality rate than the general population with sepsis. The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of preexisting CKD on cardiac function in mice with sepsis and whether inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) reduces the cardiac dysfunction in CKD sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and 8 weeks later, they were subjected to LPS (2 mg/kg) or sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared with sham operation, nephrectomy resulted in significant increases in urea and creatinine levels, a small (P<0.05) reduction in ejection fraction (echocardiography), and increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IκBα, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. When subjected to LPS or CLP, compared with sham-operated controls, CKD mice exhibited exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction and lung inflammation, greater increases in levels of plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and greater increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IKKα/β and IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, and iNOS expression. Treatment of CKD mice with an IKK inhibitor (IKK 16; 1 mg/kg) 1 hour after CLP or LPS administration attenuated these effects. Thus, preexisting CKD aggravates the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis or endotoxemia in mice; this effect may be caused by increased cardiac NF-κB activation and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
| | | | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amie J Moyes
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Mauro Perretti
- Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
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Martin L, Horst K, Chiazza F, Oggero S, Collino M, Brandenburg K, Hildebrand F, Marx G, Thiemermann C, Schuerholz T. The synthetic antimicrobial peptide 19-2.5 attenuates septic cardiomyopathy and prevents down-regulation of SERCA2 in polymicrobial sepsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37277. [PMID: 27853260 PMCID: PMC5112529 DOI: 10.1038/srep37277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment of cardiac function is a key feature of the cardiovascular failure associated with sepsis. Although there is some evidence that suppression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATP-ase (SERCA2) contributes to septic cardiomyopathy, it is not known whether prevention of the down-regulation of SERCA2 improves outcome in sepsis. Thus, we investigated whether the administration of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide Pep2.5 may attenuate the cardiac dysfunction in murine polymicrobial sepsis through regulating SERCA2 expression. We show here for the first time that the infusion of Pep2.5 reduces the impaired systolic and diastolic contractility and improves the survival time in polymicrobial sepsis. Preservation of cardiac function in sepsis by Pep2.5 is associated with prevention of the activation of NF-κB and activation of the Akt/eNOS survival pathways. Most notably, Pep2.5 prevented the down-regulation of SERCA2 expression in a) murine heart samples obtained from mice with sepsis and b) in cardiomyocytes exposed to serum from septic shock patients. Thus, we speculate that Pep2.5 may be able to prevent down-regulation of cardiac SERCA2 expression in patients with sepsis, which, in turn, may improve cardiac function and outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts &The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Oggero
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts &The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Schuerholz
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Coldewey SM, Benetti E, Collino M, Pfeilschifter J, Sponholz C, Bauer M, Huwiler A, Thiemermann C. Elevation of serum sphingosine-1-phosphate attenuates impaired cardiac function in experimental sepsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27594. [PMID: 27277195 DOI: 10.1038/srep27594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of the lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are reduced in septic patients and are inversely associated with disease severity. We show that serum S1P is reduced in human sepsis and in murine models of sepsis. We then investigated whether pharmacological or genetic approaches that alter serum S1P may attenuate cardiac dysfunction and whether S1P signaling might serve as a novel theragnostic tool in sepsis. Mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan (LPS/PepG). LPS/PepG resulted in an impaired systolic contractility and reduced serum S1P. Administration of the immunomodulator FTY720 increased serum S1P, improved impaired systolic contractility and activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-pathway in the heart. Cardioprotective effects of FTY720 were abolished following administration of a S1P receptor 2 (S1P2) antagonist or a PI3K inhibitor. Sphingosine kinase-2 deficient mice had higher endogenous S1P levels and the LPS/PepG-induced impaired systolic contractility was attenuated in comparison with wild-type mice. Cardioprotective effects of FTY720 were confirmed in polymicrobial sepsis. We show here for the first time that the impaired left ventricular systolic contractility in experimental sepsis is attenuated by FTY720. Mechanistically, our results indicate that activation of S1P2 by increased serum S1P and the subsequent activation of the PI3K-Akt survival pathway significantly contributes to the observed cardioprotective effect of FTY720.
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29
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Toral M, Romero M, Jiménez R, Robles-Vera I, Tamargo J, Martínez MC, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J. Role of UCP2 in the protective effects of PPARβ/δ activation on lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Toral M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Jiménez R, Romero M, Zarzuelo MJ, Utrilla MP, Hermenegildo C, Cogolludo Á, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Gálvez J, Duarte J. Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents hypertension, vascular inflammatory and oxidative status, and endothelial dysfunction in diet-induced obesity. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1831-44. [PMID: 26147382 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in obesity-induced risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ agonist GW0742 treatment on endothelial function in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male mice were allocated to one of the following groups: control, control-treated (GW0742, 3 mg/kg per day, by oral gavage), HFD, HFD + GW0742, HFD + GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) or HFD-GW0742-GSK0660 and followed for 11 or 13 weeks. GW0742 administration to mice fed HFD prevented the gain of body weight, heart and kidney hypertrophy, and fat accumulation. The increase in plasma levels of fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride found in the HFD group was suppressed by GW0742. This agonist increased plasma HDL in HFD-fed mice and restored the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and adiponectin in fat. GW0742 prevented the impaired nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings from mice fed HFD. Moreover, GW0742 increased both aortic Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, and inhibited the increase in caveolin-1/endothelial nitric oxide synthase interaction, ethidium fluorescence, NOX-1, Toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 expression, and IκBα phosphorylation found in aortae from the HFD group. GSK0660 prevented all changes induced by GW0742. CONCLUSION PPARβ/δ activation prevents obesity and exerts protective effects on hypertension and on the early manifestations of atherosclerosis, that is, endothelial dysfunction and the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status, in HFD-fed mice.
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31
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Sims CR, Nguyen TC, Mayeux PR. Could Biomarkers Direct Therapy for the Septic Patient? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:228-39. [PMID: 26857961 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic inflammatory response to a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection that most commonly affects neonates and the elderly. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis have resulted in guidelines for care that have helped reduce the risk of dying from sepsis for both children and older adults. Still, over the past three decades, a large number of clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate pharmacological agents for sepsis. Unfortunately, all of these trials have failed, with the use of some agents even shown to be harmful. One key issue in these trials was the heterogeneity of the patient population that participated. What has emerged is the need to target therapeutic interventions to the specific patient's underlying pathophysiological processes, rather than looking for a universal therapy that would be effective in a "typical" septic patient, who does not exist. This review supports the concept that identification of the right biomarkers that can direct therapy and provide timely feedback on its effectiveness will enable critical care physicians to decrease mortality of patients with sepsis and improve the quality of life of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark R Sims
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
| | - Trung C Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
| | - Philip R Mayeux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
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Drosatos K, Lymperopoulos A, Kennel PJ, Pollak N, Schulze PC, Goldberg IJ. Pathophysiology of sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction: driven by inflammation, energy mismanagement, or both? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2015; 12:130-40. [PMID: 25475180 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-014-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that follows bacterial infection. Cardiac dysfunction is an important consequence of sepsis that affects mortality and has been attributed to either elevated inflammation or suppression of both fatty acid and glucose oxidation and eventual ATP depletion. Moreover, cardiac adrenergic signaling is compromised in septic patients and this aggravates further heart function. While anti-inflammatory therapies are important for the treatment of the disease, administration of anti-inflammatory drugs did not improve survival in septic patients. This review article summarizes findings on inflammatory and other mechanisms that are triggered in sepsis and affect cardiac function and mortality. Particularly, it focuses on the effects of the disease in metabolic pathways, as well as in adrenergic signaling and the potential interplay of the latter with inflammation. It is suggested that therapeutic approaches should include combination of anti-inflammatory treatments, stimulation of energy production, and restoration of adrenergic signaling in the heart.
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Pol CJ, Lieu M, Drosatos K. PPARs: Protectors or Opponents of Myocardial Function? PPAR Res 2015; 2015:835985. [PMID: 26713088 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5 million people in the United States suffer from the complications of heart failure (HF), which is a rapidly expanding health complication. Disorders that contribute to HF include ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, and hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family. There are three PPAR isoforms: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. They can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as by pharmacologic agents. Activators of PPARs are used for treating several metabolic complications, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia that are directly or indirectly associated with HF. However, some of these drugs have adverse effects that compromise cardiac function. This review article aims to summarize the current basic and clinical research findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of PPAR biology on myocardial function.
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Liu LL, Xian H, Cao JC, Zhang C, Zhang YH, Chen MM, Qian Y, Jiang M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in human sperm physiology. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:942-7. [PMID: 25851655 PMCID: PMC4814967 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the PPARs, which are transcription factors of the steroid receptor superfamily. PPARγ acts as an important molecule for regulating energy homeostasis, modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and is reciprocally regulated by HPG. In the human, PPARγ protein is highly expressed in ejaculated spermatozoa, implying a possible role of PPARγ signaling in regulating sperm energy dissipation. PPARγ protein is also expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells (spermatocytes). Its activation can be induced during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. This mini-review will focus on how PPARγ signaling may affect fertility and sperm quality and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Xian
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Chen Cao
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Giordano Attianese GMP, Desvergne B. Integrative and systemic approaches for evaluating PPARβ/δ (PPARD) function. Nucl Recept Signal 2015; 13:e001. [PMID: 25945080 PMCID: PMC4419664 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, development, metabolism and also tumorigenesis. Three PPAR isotypes (α, β/δ and γ) have been identified, among which PPARβ/δ is the most difficult to functionally examine due to its tissue-specific diversity in cell fate determination, energy metabolism and housekeeping activities. PPARβ/δ acts both in a ligand-dependent and -independent manner. The specific type of regulation, activation or repression, is determined by many factors, among which the type of ligand, the presence/absence of PPARβ/δ-interacting corepressor or coactivator complexes and PPARβ/δ protein post-translational modifications play major roles. Recently, new global approaches to the study of nuclear receptors have made it possible to evaluate their molecular activity in a more systemic fashion, rather than deeply digging into a single pathway/function. This systemic approach is ideally suited for studying PPARβ/δ, due to its ubiquitous expression in various organs and its overlapping and tissue-specific transcriptomic signatures. The aim of the present review is to present in detail the diversity of PPARβ/δ function, focusing on the different information gained at the systemic level, and describing the global and unbiased approaches that combine a systems view with molecular understanding.
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Gobbetti T, Coldewey SM, Chen J, McArthur S, le Faouder P, Cenac N, Flower RJ, Thiemermann C, Perretti M. Nonredundant protective properties of FPR2/ALX in polymicrobial murine sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18685-90. [PMID: 25512512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410938111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by overlapping phases of excessive inflammation temporally aligned with an immunosuppressed state, defining a complex clinical scenario that explains the lack of successful therapeutic options. Here we tested whether the formyl-peptide receptor 2/3 (Fpr2/3)--ortholog to human FPR2/ALX (receptor for lipoxin A4)--exerted regulatory and organ-protective functions in experimental sepsis. Coecal ligature and puncture was performed to obtain nonlethal polymicrobial sepsis, with animals receiving antibiotics and analgesics. Clinical symptoms, temperature, and heart function were monitored up to 24 h. Peritoneal lavage and plasma samples were analyzed for proinflammatory and proresolving markers of inflammation and organ dysfunction. Compared with wild-type mice, Fpr2/3(-/-) animals exhibited exacerbation of disease severity, including hypothermia and cardiac dysfunction. This scenario was paralleled by higher levels of cytokines [CXCL1 (CXC receptor ligand 1), CCL2 (CC receptor ligand 2), and TNFα] as quantified in cell-free biological fluids. Reduced monocyte recruitment in peritoneal lavages of Fpr2/3(-/-) animals was reflected by a higher granulocyte/monocyte ratio. Monitoring Fpr2/3(-/-) gene promoter activity with a GFP proxy marker revealed an over threefold increase in granulocyte and monocyte signals at 24 h post-coecal ligature and puncture, a response mediated by TNFα. Treatment with a receptor peptido-agonist conferred protection against myocardial dysfunction in wild-type, but not Fpr2/3(-/-), animals. Therefore, coordinated physio-pharmacological analyses indicate nonredundant modulatory functions for Fpr2/3 in experimental sepsis, opening new opportunities to manipulate the host response for therapeutic development.
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Bao XC, Fang YQ, You P, Zhang S, Ma J. Protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ against pulmonary oxygen toxicity mediated through changes in NOS expression levels. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:105-16. [PMID: 24624894 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.879497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPAR-β/δ) has a protective effect during lung injury induced by bleomycin and polymicrobial sepsis, but its function in pulmonary oxygen toxicity is unknown. In this study, we used GW0742, a PPAR-β/δ agonist, and GSK0660, a PPAR-β/δ antagonist, to test the role of PPAR-β/δ in lung injury due to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) exposure. Lung injury was induced in rats by HBO2 exposure (2.3 ATA, 100%O2, 8 hours). Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: air+vehicle, air+GW0742, air+GSK0660, HBO2+vehicle, HBO2+GW0742, and HBO2+GSK0660. Rats were injected with vehicle or GW0742 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or GSK0660 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1 hour, 6 hours, and 12 hours before either air or oxygen exposure. Administration of GW0742 to rats exposed to HBO2 significantly reduced the observed lung injury, extravascular lung water, total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the levels of iNOS and nNOS in the lungs when compared to untreated rats exposed to HBO2. Treatment of rats with GSK0660 exacerbated lung injury and elevated the levels of nNOS and eNOS in the lungs. In addition, nNOS and eNOS knock-out mice were examined. The results indicated that after HBO2 exposure, the lung injury was obviously decreased in the nNOS(-/-)+GSK0660 mice compared to the wild-type +GSK0660 mice; furthermore, administration of GSK0660 significantly elevated the lung injury in the eNOS(-/-) mice. Collectively, these data indicate that PPAR-β/δ activation can protect against pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the lungs of rats through changes in the expression of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Bao
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research , Shanghai , China
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Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a large variety of genes implicated in metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation in different cell types. These transcriptional regulations involve both direct transactivation and interaction with other transcriptional regulatory pathways. The functions of PPARα and PPARγ have been extensively documented mainly because these isoforms are activated by molecules clinically used as hypolipidemic and antidiabetic compounds. The physiological functions of PPARβ remained for a while less investigated, but the finding that specific synthetic agonists exert beneficial actions in obese subjects uplifted the studies aimed to elucidate the roles of this PPAR isoform. Intensive work based on pharmacological and genetic approaches and on the use of both in vitro and in vivo models has considerably improved our knowledge on the physiological roles of PPARβ in various cell types. This review will summarize the accumulated evidence for the implication of PPARβ in the regulation of development, metabolism, and inflammation in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and intestine. Some of these findings indicate that pharmacological activation of PPARβ could be envisioned as a therapeutic option for the correction of metabolic disorders and a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, other experimental data suggesting that activation of PPARβ could result in serious adverse effects, such as carcinogenesis and psoriasis, raise concerns about the clinical use of potent PPARβ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul A Grimaldi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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Langley RJ, Tipper JL, Bruse S, Baron RM, Tsalik EL, Huntley J, Rogers AJ, Jaramillo RJ, O'Donnell D, Mega WM, Keaton M, Kensicki E, Gazourian L, Fredenburgh LE, Massaro AF, Otero RM, Fowler VG, Rivers EP, Woods CW, Kingsmore SF, Sopori ML, Perrella MA, Choi AMK, Harrod KS. Integrative "omic" analysis of experimental bacteremia identifies a metabolic signature that distinguishes human sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndromes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:445-55. [PMID: 25054455 PMCID: PMC4214130 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201404-0624oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, early diagnosis and the progression of the disease are difficult to make. The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data in a primate model of sepsis may provide a novel molecular signature of clinical sepsis. OBJECTIVES To develop a biomarker panel to characterize sepsis in primates and ascertain its relevance to early diagnosis and progression of human sepsis. METHODS Intravenous inoculation of Macaca fascicularis with Escherichia coli produced mild to severe sepsis, lung injury, and death. Plasma samples were obtained before and after 1, 3, and 5 days of E. coli challenge and at the time of killing. At necropsy, blood, lung, kidney, and spleen samples were collected. An integrative analysis of the metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets was performed to identify a panel of sepsis biomarkers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The extent of E. coli invasion, respiratory distress, lethargy, and mortality was dependent on the bacterial dose. Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes characterized severe infections and death, and indicated impaired mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and liver functions. Analysis of the pulmonary transcriptome and plasma metabolome suggested impaired fatty acid catabolism regulated by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor signaling. A representative four-metabolite model effectively diagnosed sepsis in primates (area under the curve, 0.966) and in two human sepsis cohorts (area under the curve, 0.78 and 0.82). CONCLUSIONS A model of sepsis based on reciprocal metabolomic and transcriptomic data was developed in primates and validated in two human patient cohorts. It is anticipated that the identified parameters will facilitate early diagnosis and management of sepsis.
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Gao F, Liang Y, Wang X, Lu Z, Li L, Zhu S, Liu D, Yan Z, Zhu Z. TRPV1 Activation Attenuates High-Salt Diet-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis through PPAR-δ Upregulation. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:491963. [PMID: 25152753 DOI: 10.1155/2014/491963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are associated with increased reactive oxygen species production. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a specific receptor for capsaicin, exerts a protective role in cardiac remodeling that resulted from myocardial infarction, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors δ (PPAR-δ) play an important role in metabolic myocardium remodeling. However, it remains unknown whether activation of TRPV1 could alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and the effect of cross-talk between TRPV1 and PPAR-δ on suppressing high-salt diet-generated oxidative stress. In this study, high-salt diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are characterized by significant enhancement of HW/BW%, LVEDD, and LVESD, decreased FS and EF, and increased collagen deposition. These alterations were associated with downregulation of PPAR-δ, UCP2 expression, upregulation of iNOS production, and increased oxidative/nitrotyrosine stress. These adverse effects of long-term high-salt diet were attenuated by chronic treatment with capsaicin. However, this effect of capsaicin was absent in TRPV1−/− mice on a high-salt diet. Our finding suggests that chronic dietary capsaicin consumption attenuates long-term high-salt diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. This benefit effect is likely to be caused by TRPV1 mediated upregulation of PPAR-δ expression.
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Kojonazarov B, Luitel H, Sydykov A, Dahal BK, Paul-Clark MJ, Bonvini S, Reed A, Schermuly RT, Mitchell JA. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonist GW0742 has direct protective effects on right heart hypertrophy. Pulm Circ 2014; 3:926-35. [PMID: 25006409 DOI: 10.1086/674755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a debilitating disease with no cure. We have previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ agonists protect the right heart in hypoxia-driven pulmonary hypertension without affecting vascular remodeling. PPARβ/δ is an important receptor in lipid metabolism, athletic performance, and the sensing of prostacyclin. Treatment of right heart hypertrophy and failure in pulmonary hypertension is an emerging target for future therapy. Here we have investigated the potential of GW0742, a PPARβ agonist, to act directly on the right heart in vivo and what transcriptomic signatures are associated with its actions. Right heart hypertrophy and failure was induced in mice using a pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model. GW0742 was administered throughout the study. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using echocardiography and pressure monitoring. Fibrosis and cellular changes were measured using immunohistochemistry. Transcriptomics were measured using the Illumina MouseRef-8v3 BeadChip array and analyzed using GeneSpring GX (ver. 11.0). PAB resulted in right heart hypertrophy and failure and in increased fibrosis. GW0742 reduced or prevented the effects of PAB on all parameters measured. GW0742 altered a number of genes in the transcriptome, with Angptl4 emerging as the top gene altered (increased) in animals with PAB. In conclusion, the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 has direct protective effects on the right heart in vivo. These observations identify PPARβ/δ as a viable therapeutic target to treat pulmonary hypertension that may complement current and future vasodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himal Luitel
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bhola K Dahal
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark J Paul-Clark
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bonvini
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Reed
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane A Mitchell
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Chao X, Xiong C, Dong W, Qu Y, Ning W, Liu W, Han F, Ma Y, Wang R, Fei Z, Han H. Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor β/δ Attenuates Acute Ischemic Stroke on Middle Cerebral Ischemia Occlusion in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:1396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Chen J, Chiazza F, Collino M, Patel NSA, Coldewey SM, Thiemermann C. Gender dimorphism of the cardiac dysfunction in murine sepsis: signalling mechanisms and age-dependency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100631. [PMID: 24945834 PMCID: PMC4063956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of cardiac dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Increasing evidence shows that gender determines the degree of inflammatory response of the host and that females tolerate sepsis better than males. It is unknown whether gender affects the cardiac dysfunction in animals or patients with sepsis. To investigate this, male or female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan (PepG) co-administration or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 18 hours after LPS/PepG injection or 24 hours after CLP, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The septic insult caused a significant cardiac dysfunction in both genders. However, the cardiac dysfunction was significantly less pronounced in females in comparison with males subjected to LPS (3 mg/kg)/PepG (0.1 mg/kg) or CLP. Compared with males injected with LPS (3 mg/kg)/PepG (0.1 mg/kg), western blotting analysis of the myocardium from females injected with LPS/PepG revealed i) profound increases in phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS; ii) significant decreases in phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, decreased expression of iNOS and decreased synthesis of TNF-α and IL-6 in the heart. However, the gender dimorphism of the cardiac dysfunction secondary to LPS/PepG was not observed when higher doses of LPS (9 mg/kg)/PepG (1 mg/kg) were used. In conclusion, the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis was less pronounced in female than in male mice. The protection of female hearts against the dysfunction associated with sepsis is (at least in part) attributable to cardiac activation of the Akt/eNOS survival pathway, decreased activation of NF-κB, and decreased expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6. It should be noted that the observed gender dimorphism of the cardiac dysfunction in sepsis was not seen when a very severe stimulus (high dose of LPS/PepG co-administration) was used to cause cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- University of Turin, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin, Italy
| | - Nimesh S. A. Patel
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena, German
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sharif O, Gawish R, Warszawska JM, Martins R, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Doninger B, Brunner J, Korosec A, Schwarzenbacher RE, Berg T, Kralovics R, Colinge J, Mesteri I, Gilfillan S, Salmaggi A, Verschoor A, Colonna M, Knapp S. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 inhibits complement component 1q effector mechanisms and exerts detrimental effects during pneumococcal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004167. [PMID: 24945405 PMCID: PMC4055749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis and inflammation within the lungs is crucial for host defense during bacterial pneumonia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 was proposed to negatively regulate TLR-mediated responses and enhance phagocytosis by macrophages, but the role of TREM-2 in respiratory tract infections is unknown. Here, we established the presence of TREM-2 on alveolar macrophages (AM) and explored the function of TREM-2 in the innate immune response to pneumococcal infection in vivo. Unexpectedly, we found Trem-2(-/-) AM to display augmented bacterial phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo compared to WT AM. Mechanistically, we detected that in the absence of TREM-2, pulmonary macrophages selectively produced elevated complement component 1q (C1q) levels. We found that these increased C1q levels depended on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) activity and were responsible for the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria. Upon infection with S. pneumoniae, Trem-2(-/-) mice exhibited an augmented bacterial clearance from lungs, decreased bacteremia and improved survival compared to their WT counterparts. This work is the first to disclose a role for TREM-2 in clinically relevant respiratory tract infections and demonstrates a previously unknown link between TREM-2 and opsonin production within the lungs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C1q/genetics
- Complement C1q/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/pathology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
| | - Riem Gawish
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna M. Warszawska
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bianca Doninger
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brunner
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland E. Schwarzenbacher
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Berg
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrea Salmaggi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
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45
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Bao XC, Fang YQ, You P, Zhang S, Ma J. Protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ in acute lung injury induced by prolonged hyperbaric hyperoxia in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 199:9-18. [PMID: 24780550 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ is a transcription factor that belongs to the PPAR family, but the role of PPAR-β/δ in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by hyperbaric oxygen is unknown. In this study we investigated if PPAR-β/δ activation protects from hyperoxia-induced ALI in a rat model. ALI was induced by prolonged hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) (2.3ATA, 100% O2) for 8h. Administration of PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 (0.3mg/kg, i.p.) at 1 and 6h prior to HBO2 exposure significantly reduced the (1) lung injury, (2) proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), (3) apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3 and TUNEL), (4) nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression level and DNA binding activity in the nucleus, and (5) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and markedly elevated (6) superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as (7) IκB expression. However, administration of the PPAR-β/δ antagonist GSK0660 abolished these protective effects. These findings indicate that activation of PPAR-β/δ ameliorates hyperoxia-induced ALI in rats by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme activity as well as suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Bao
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Qun Fang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Pu You
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Diving Medicine, Institute of Naval Medical Research, Shanghai 200433, China
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46
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Chian CF, Chiang CH, Chuang CH, Liu SL. Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, SN50, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in an isolated and perfused rat lung model. Transl Res 2014; 163:211-20. [PMID: 24646628 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB cell permeable inhibitory peptide (SN50) inhibits translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and production of inflammatory cytokines that are implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury (LPSLI). However, the protective effect of SN50 in LPSLI is unclear. We explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SN50 treatment in LPSLI. LPSLI was induced by intratracheal instillation of 10 mg/kg LPS using an isolated and perfused rat lung model. SN50 was administered in the perfusate 15 minutes before LPS was administered. Hemodynamics, lung histologic change, inflammatory responses, and activation of apoptotic pathways were evaluated. After LPSLI, increased pulmonary vascular permeability and lung weight gain was observed. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, myeloperoxidase, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Lung-tissue expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), caspase-3, p-AKT (serine-threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was greater in the LPS group compared with controls. Upregulation and activation of NF-κB was associated with increased lung injury in LPSLI. SN50 attenuated the inflammatory responses, including expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, MAPKs, PAI-1, and NF-κB; downregulation of apoptosis indicated by caspase-3 and p-AKT expression was also observed. In addition, SN50 mitigated the increase in the lung weight, pulmonary vascular permeability, and lung injury. In conclusion, LPSLI is associated with inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and coagulation. NF-κB is an important therapeutic target in the treatment of LPSLI. SN50 inhibits translocation of NF-κB and attenuates LPSLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Hui Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ling Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Gill N, Bijjem KRV, Sharma PL. Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effect of all-trans retinoic acid in carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats: involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ receptors. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:278-82. [PMID: 23833373 PMCID: PMC3696301 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we investigated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-β/δ receptors in carrageenan-induced inflammation and in the anti-inflammatory effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Materials and Methods: The λ-carrageenan (0.1 ml of 1% w/v) was injected into intra-plantar (i.pl.) region of the hind paw to produce acute inflammation. Paw volume was measured by using the mercury plethysmography. Further, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (TH) were assessed by using the dynamic plantar aesthesiometer and plantar test apparatus, respectively. In addition, markers of oxido-nitrosative stress were assessed spectrophotometrically in the hind paw tissue 5 h post-carrageenan. Results: An i.pl injection of carrageenan has produced a marked mechanical hyperalgesia (MH) and TH in ipsilateral paw, which was associated with significant elevated oxido-nitrosative stress. Treatment with ATRA (5 mg/kg/p.o/4 days) and GW0742, a selective PPAR-β/δ receptor agonist (0.1 mg/kg/i.p/4 days), significantly decreased the paw volume, mechanical and TH as compared to vehicle control. Administration of GSK0660, selective PPAR-β/δ receptor antagonist, at a dose of (0.3 mg/kg/i.p/4 days), did not produce a significant effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema, MH and TH. However, co-administration of GSK0660 (0.3 mg/kg/i.p/4 days) along with both ATRA (5 mg/kg/p.o/4 days) and GW0742 (0.1 mg/kg/i.p/4 days), significantly reverse the decreased paw edema, MH, and TH. These observed ameliorative effects on inflammatory pain symptoms are correlated with the extent of reduction of oxido-nitrosative stress. Conclusion: From above findings, it can be concluded that ATRA exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effect, possibly through activation of PPAR-β/δ and subsequent reduction of oxido-nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Gill
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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48
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Mackenzie LS, Lione L. Harnessing the benefits of PPARβ/δ agonists. Life Sci 2013; 93:963-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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49
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Wepler M, Hafner S, Scheuerle A, Reize M, Gröger M, Wagner F, Simon F, Matallo J, Gottschalch F, Seifritz A, Stahl B, Matejovic M, Kapoor A, Möller P, Calzia E, Georgieff M, Wachter U, Vogt JA, Thiemermann C, Radermacher P, McCook O. Effects of the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 during resuscitated porcine septic shock. Intensive Care Med Exp 2013; 1:28. [PMID: 26266797 PMCID: PMC4796150 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In un-resuscitated rodent models of septic shock, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPAR-β/δ) agonist GW0742 improved visceral organ function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether GW0742 would attenuate kidney injury during long-term, resuscitated, porcine polymicrobial septic shock. Methods Six, 12, and 18 h after the induction of fecal peritonitis by inoculation of autologous feces, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented male pigs with pre-existing atherosclerosis resulting from familial hypercholesteremia and atherogenic diet randomly received either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, n = 12) or GW0742 (n = 10). Resuscitation comprised hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine infusion titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline values. Results Despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, fecal peritonitis was associated with arterial hypotension requiring norepinephrine infusion, ultimately resulting in progressive lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury. GW0742 did not beneficially affect any parameter of systemic and regional hemodynamics, gas exchange, metabolism, or organ function. The parameters of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and organ injury (post-mortem analysis for histomorphology and markers of apoptosis) were not influenced either. Immunohistochemistry of pre-shock kidney biopsies from a previous study in this swine strain showed markedly lower PPAR-β/δ receptor expression than in healthy animals. Conclusions In swine with pre-existing atherosclerosis, the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 failed to attenuate septic shock-induced circulatory failure and kidney dysfunction, most likely due to reduced receptor expression coinciding with cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2197-425X-1-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wepler
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, Ulm, 89081, Germany,
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50
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Hamaya R, Ogawa M, Suzuki JI, Kobayashi N, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Komuro I, Isobe M. A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ agonist attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after wire-mediated arterial injury. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1095-106. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.820702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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