1
|
Mansouri R, Lavigne E, Talarico R, Smargiassi A, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Villeneuve PJ. Residential surrounding greenness and the incidence of childhood asthma: Findings from a population-based cohort in Ontario, Canada. Environ Res 2024; 249:118316. [PMID: 38301756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the possible role that living in areas with greater amounts of greenspace has on the incidence of childhood asthma. These findings have been inconsistent, and few studies explored the relevance of timing of exposure. We investigated the role of residential surrounding greenness on the risk of incident asthma using a population-based retrospective cohort study. We included 982,131 singleton births in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2013. Two measures of greenness, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Green View Index (GVI), were assigned to the residential histories of these infants from pregnancy through to 12 years of age. Longitudinally-based diagnoses of asthma were determined by using provincial administrative health data. The extended Cox hazards model was used to characterize associations between greenness measures and asthma (up to age 12 years) while adjusting for several risk factors. In a fully adjusted model, that included a term for traffic-related air pollution (NO2), we found no association between an interquartile range increase (0.08) of the NDVI during childhood and asthma incidence (HR = 0.99; 95 % CI = 0.99-1.01). In contrast, we found that an 0.08 increase in NDVI during childhood reduced the risk of asthma in children 7-12 years of age by 14 % (HR = 0.86, 95 % CI:0.79-0.95). Seasonal differences in the association between greenness and asthma were noted. Our findings suggest that residential proximity to greenness reduces the risk of asthma in children aged 7-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Mansouri
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Robert Talarico
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Center for Public Health Research (CReSP), University of Montreal and CIUSSS Du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 7101 Av Du Parc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Laura A Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Department of Public Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 29-31, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ai S, Liu L, Xue Y, Cheng X, Li M, Deng Q. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollutants Associated with Allergic Diseases in Children: Which Pollutant, When Exposure, and What Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08987-3. [PMID: 38639856 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and allergic diseases in children, focusing on specific pollutants, timing of exposure, and associated diseases. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English articles until May 1, 2023, examining maternal exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3) during pregnancy and child allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), asthma (AT) and allergic rhinitis (AR)/hay fever (HF)). The final 38 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 during pregnancy was associated with the risk of childhood AD, with pooled ORs of 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.63) and 1.10 (95%CI, 1.05-1.15) per 10 µg/m3 increase, respectively. Maternal exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and NO2 with a 10 µg/m3 increase posed a risk for AT, with pooled ORs of 1.34 (95%CI, 1.17-1.54), 1.11 (95%CI, 1.05-1.18), and 1.07 (95%CI, 1.02-1.12), respectively. An increased risk of HF was observed for PM2.5 and NO2 with a 10 µg/m3 increase, with ORs of 1.36 (95%CI, 1.17-1.58) and 1.26 (95%CI, 1.08-1.48), respectively. Traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP), particularly PM2.5 and NO2, throughout pregnancy, pose a pervasive risk for childhood allergies. Different pollutants may induce diverse allergic diseases in children across varying perinatal periods. AT is more likely to be induced by outdoor air pollutants as a health outcome. More research is needed to explore links between air pollution and airway-derived food allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surui Ai
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoou Cheng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian F, Zhong X, Ye Y, Liu X, He G, Wu C, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Yu S, Fan J, Yao H, Ma W, Dong X, Liu T. Mutual Associations of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants in the First 1000 Days of Life With Asthma/Wheezing in Children: Prospective Cohort Study in Guangzhou, China. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52456. [PMID: 38631029 PMCID: PMC11063886 DOI: 10.2196/52456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first 1000 days of life, encompassing pregnancy and the first 2 years after birth, represent a critical period for human health development. Despite this significance, there has been limited research into the associations between mixed exposure to air pollutants during this period and the development of asthma/wheezing in children. Furthermore, the finer sensitivity window of exposure during this crucial developmental phase remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the relationships between prenatal and postnatal exposures to various ambient air pollutants (particulate matter 2.5 [PM2.5], carbon monoxide [CO], sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and ozone [O3]) and the incidence of childhood asthma/wheezing. In addition, we aimed to pinpoint the potential sensitivity window during which air pollution exerts its effects. METHODS We conducted a prospective birth cohort study wherein pregnant women were recruited during early pregnancy and followed up along with their children. Information regarding maternal and child characteristics was collected through questionnaires during each round of investigation. Diagnosis of asthma/wheezing was obtained from children's medical records. In addition, maternal and child exposures to air pollutants (PM2.5 CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) were evaluated using a spatiotemporal land use regression model. To estimate the mutual associations of exposure to mixed air pollutants with the risk of asthma/wheezing in children, we used the quantile g-computation model. RESULTS In our study cohort of 3725 children, 392 (10.52%) were diagnosed with asthma/wheezing. After the follow-up period, the mean age of the children was 3.2 (SD 0.8) years, and a total of 14,982 person-years were successfully followed up for all study participants. We found that each quartile increase in exposure to mixed air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95% CI 1.04-1.47). Notably, CO made the largest positive contribution (64.28%) to the mutual effect. After categorizing the exposure according to the embryonic respiratory development stages, we observed that each additional quartile of mixed exposure to air pollutants during the pseudoglandular and canalicular stages was associated with HRs of 1.24 (95% CI 1.03-1.51) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.01-1.51), respectively. Moreover, for the first year and first 2 years after birth, each quartile increment of exposure to mixed air pollutants was associated with HRs of 1.65 (95% CI 1.30-2.10) and 2.53 (95% CI 2.16-2.97), respectively. Notably, SO2 made the largest positive contribution in both phases, accounting for 50.30% and 74.70% of the association, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to elevated levels of mixed air pollutants during the first 1000 days of life appears to elevate the risk of childhood asthma/wheezing. Specifically, the second trimester, especially during the pseudoglandular and canalicular stages, and the initial 2 years after birth emerge as crucial susceptibility windows. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-ROC-17013496; https://tinyurl.com/2ctufw8n.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Tian
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijiong Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Fan
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Zhu L, Wei J, Wu C, Zhao Z, Norbäck D, Zhang X, Lu C, Yu W, Wang T, Zheng X, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Intrauterine and early postnatal exposures to submicron particulate matter and childhood allergic rhinitis: A multicity cross-sectional study in China. Environ Res 2024; 247:118165. [PMID: 38215923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne particulate matter pollution has been linked to occurrence of childhood allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the relationships between exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM1) during early life (in utero and first year of life) and the onset of childhood AR remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate potential associations of in utero and first-year exposures to size-segregated PMs, including PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10, with childhood AR. METHODS We investigated 29286 preschool children aged 3-6 years in 7 Chinese major cities during 2019-2020 as the Phase II of the China Children, Families, Health Study. Machine learning-based space-time models were utilized to estimate early-life residential exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 at 1 × 1-km resolutions. The concentrations of PM1-2.5 and PM2.5-10 were calculated by subtracting PM1 from PM2.5 and PM2.5 from PM10, respectively. Multiple mixed-effects logistic models were used to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of childhood AR associated with per 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure to particulate air pollution during in utero period and the first year of life. RESULTS Among the 29286 children surveyed (mean ± standard deviation, 4.9 ± 0.9 years), 3652 (12.5%) were reported to be diagnosed with AR. Average PM1 concentrations during in utero period and the first year since birth were 36.3 ± 8.6 μg/m3 and 33.1 ± 6.9 μg/m3, respectively. Exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 during pregnancy and the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of AR in children, and the OR estimates were higher for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1 than for PM2.5 (e.g., 1.132 [95% CI: 1.022-1.254] vs. 1.079 [95% CI: 1.014-1.149] in pregnancy; 1.151 [95% CI: 1.014-1.306] vs. 1.095 [95% CI: 1.008-1.189] in the first year of life). No associations were observed between AR and both pre- and post-natal exposure to PM1-2.5, indicating that PM1 rather than PM1-2.5 contributed to the association between PM2.5 and childhood AR. In trimester-stratified analysis, childhood AR was only found to be associated with exposure to PM1 (OR = 1.077, 95% CI: 1.027-1.128), PM2.5 (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.018-1.078), and PM10 (OR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.007-1.058) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Subgroup analysis suggested stronger PM-AR associations among younger (<5 years old) and winter-born children. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal exposures to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 were associated with an increased risk of childhood AR, and PM2.5-related hazards could be predominantly attributed to PM1. These findings highlighted public health significance of formulating air quality guideline for ambient PM1 in mitigating children's AR burden caused by particulate air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Li
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE 75185, Sweden
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chan Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng Q, Liu L. One allergy: one exposure and one pathway. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03060-3. [PMID: 38307926 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Le Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vallabani NVS, Gruzieva O, Elihn K, Juárez-Facio AT, Steimer SS, Kuhn J, Silvergren S, Portugal J, Piña B, Olofsson U, Johansson C, Karlsson HL. Toxicity and health effects of ultrafine particles: Towards an understanding of the relative impacts of different transport modes. Environ Res 2023; 231:116186. [PMID: 37224945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, but it is still unclear how particles from various transport modes differ in terms of toxicity and associations with different human health outcomes. This literature review aims to summarize toxicological and epidemiological studies of the effect of ultrafine particles (UFPs), also called nanoparticles (NPs, <100 nm), from different transport modes with a focus on vehicle exhaust (particularly comparing diesel and biodiesel) and non-exhaust as well as particles from shipping (harbor), aviation (airport) and rail (mainly subway/underground). The review includes both particles collected in laboratory tests and the field (intense traffic environments or collected close to harbor, airport, and in subway). In addition, epidemiological studies on UFPs are reviewed with special attention to studies aimed at distinguishing the effects of different transport modes. Results from toxicological studies indicate that both fossil and biodiesel NPs show toxic effects. Several in vivo studies show that inhalation of NPs collected in traffic environments not only impacts the lung, but also triggers cardiovascular effects as well as negative impacts on the brain, although few studies compared NPs from different sources. Few studies were found on aviation (airport) NPs, but the available results suggest similar toxic effects as traffic-related particles. There is still little data related to the toxic effects linked to several sources (shipping, road and tire wear, subway NPs), but in vitro results highlighted the role of metals in the toxicity of subway and brake wear particles. Finally, the epidemiological studies emphasized the current limited knowledge of the health impacts of source-specific UFPs related to different transport modes. This review discusses the necessity of future research for a better understanding of the relative potencies of NPs from different transport modes and their use in health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karine Elihn
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah S Steimer
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Kuhn
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Silvergren
- Environment and Health Administration, 104 20, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Portugal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulf Olofsson
- Department of Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden; Environment and Health Administration, 104 20, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yadav A, Pacheco SE. Prebirth effects of climate change on children's respiratory health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:344-349. [PMID: 36974440 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, there is no evidence that humanity will implement appropriate mitigation measures to avoid the catastrophic impact of climate change on the planet and human health. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children will be the most affected. This review highlights epidemiologic data on climate change-related prenatal environmental exposures affecting the fetus and children's respiratory health. RECENT FINDINGS Research on outcomes of prenatal exposure to climate change-related environmental changes and pediatric pulmonary health is limited. In addition to adverse pregnancy outcomes known to affect lung development, changes in lung function, increased prevalence of wheezing, atopy, and respiratory infections have been associated with prenatal exposure to increased temperatures, air pollution, and maternal stress. The mechanisms behind these changes are ill-defined, although oxidative stress, impaired placental functioning, and epigenetic modifications have been observed. However, the long-term impact of these changes remains unknown. SUMMARY The detrimental impact of the climate crisis on pediatric respiratory health begins before birth, highlighting the inherent vulnerability of pregnant women and children. Research and advocacy, along with mitigation and adaptation measures, must be implemented to protect pregnant women and children, the most affected but the least responsible for the climate crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Yadav
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsu HHL, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Wright RO, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal Ambient Air Pollutant Mixture Exposure and Early School-age Lung Function. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e249. [PMID: 37064424 PMCID: PMC10097575 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research linking prenatal ambient air pollution with childhood lung function has largely considered one pollutant at a time. Real-life exposure is to mixtures of pollutants and their chemical components; not considering joint effects/effect modification by co-exposures contributes to misleading results. Methods Analyses included 198 mother-child dyads recruited from two hospitals and affiliated community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Daily prenatal pollutant exposures were estimated using satellite-based hybrid chemical-transport models, including nitrogen dioxide(NO2), ozone(O3), and fine particle constituents (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], nitrate [NO3 -], sulfate [SO4 2-], and ammonium [NH4 +]). Spirometry was performed at age 6.99 ± 0.89 years; forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75) z-scores accounted for age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity. We examined associations between weekly-averaged prenatal pollution mixture levels and outcomes using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression-Distributed Lag Models (BKMR-DLMs) to identify susceptibility windows for each component and estimate a potentially complex mixture exposure-response relationship including nonlinear effects and interactions among exposures. We also performed linear regression models using time-weighted-mixture component levels derived by BKMR-DLMs adjusting for maternal age, education, perinatal smoking, and temperature. Results Most mothers were Hispanic (63%) or Black (21%) with ≤12 years of education (67%). BKMR-DLMs identified a significant effect for O3 exposure at 18-22 weeks gestation predicting lower FEV1/FVC. Linear regression identified significant associations for O3, NH4 +, and OC with decreased FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75, respectively. There was no evidence of interactions among pollutants. Conclusions In this multi-pollutant model, prenatal O3, OC, and NH4 + were most strongly associated with reduced early childhood lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dondi A, Carbone C, Manieri E, Zama D, Del Bono C, Betti L, Biagi C, Lanari M. Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their damaging effects are the promotion of oxidative stress, the induction of an inflammatory response, and the deregulation of the immune system by reducing its ability to limit infectious agents' spreading. This influence starts in the prenatal age and continues during childhood, the most susceptible period of life, due to a lower efficiency of oxidative damage detoxification, a higher metabolic and breathing rate, and enhanced oxygen consumption per unit of body mass. Air pollution is involved in acute disorders like asthma exacerbations and upper and lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis, tuberculosis, and pneumoniae. Pollutants can also contribute to the onset of chronic asthma, and they can lead to a deficit in lung function and growth, long-term respiratory damage, and eventually chronic respiratory illness. Air pollution abatement policies, applied in the last decades, are contributing to mitigating air quality issues, but more efforts should be encouraged to improve acute childhood respiratory disease with possible positive long-term effects on lung function. This narrative review aims to summarize the most recent studies on the links between air pollution and childhood respiratory illness.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bouma F, Hoek G, Koppelman GH, Vonk JM, Kerckhoffs J, Vermeulen R, Gehring U. Exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and allergic sensitization in children up to 16 years. Environ Res 2023; 219:115102. [PMID: 36565840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies so far have investigated the role of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) in inhalant and food allergy development. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the association between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in children up to 16 years old in the Netherlands. METHODS 2295 participants of a prospective birth cohort with IgE measurements to common inhalant and food allergens at ages 4, 8, 12 and/or 16 were included in the study. Annual average UFP concentrations were estimated for the home addresses at birth and at the time of the IgE measurements using land-use regression models. Generalized estimating equations were used for the assessment of overall and age-specific associations between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization. Additionally, single- and two-pollutant models with NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were assessed. RESULTS We found no significant associations between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization to inhalant and food allergens (OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.02 (0.95-1.10) to 1.05 (0.98-1.12), per IQR increment). NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 showed significant associations with sensitization to food allergens (OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.00-1.20) to 1.23 (1.06-1.43) per IQR increment). NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were not associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens. For NO2, PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance, the associations with sensitization to food allergens persisted in two-pollutant models with UFP. CONCLUSION This study found no association between annual average exposure to UFP and allergic sensitization in children up to 16 years of age. NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were associated with sensitization to food allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Bouma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hua L, Ju L, Xu H, Li C, Sun S, Zhang Q, Cao J, Ding R. Outdoor air pollution exposure and the risk of asthma and wheezing in the offspring. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:14165-14189. [PMID: 36149565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the "fetal origin of disease" hypothesis, air pollution exposure in pregnancy may play an important role in stimulating the early programming of asthma and allergies. However, previous studies reported inconsistent findings. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide higher grade evidence and quantitatively analyze the link between prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollutants and childhood asthma and wheezing. Databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were extensively searched for articles published from the start of the database to September 15, 2021. Either random-effect model or fixed-effect model was used to estimate the disease-specific relative risks (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the association. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Score (NOS) was used to assess the quality of studies. This study finally included 13 cohort studies, and the findings showed that NO2 and SO2 exposure during entire pregnancy was significantly associated with wheezing (RR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.000, 1.066) and asthma (RR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.066, 1.164), respectively. Further analyses showed that PM2.5 were positively associated with asthma in the second (RR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.143, 1.247) and third trimester (RR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.094), while NO2 (RR = 1.060, 95% CI: 1.021, 1.101) and SO2 (RR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.123) were shown positively associated with asthma only in the second trimester. The relationship between wheezing and outdoor air pollutants was not significant in any of the pregnancy subgroups. This study suggests that prenatal exposure of outdoor air pollution may increase the asthma and wheezing risk in the offspring and that the second trimester may be a sensitive period for air pollution exposure. But the interpretation of the causal association is hampered by limited number of studies on dose response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Ju
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hanbing Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Changlian Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu Z, Koppelman GH, Boer JMA, Hoek G, Kerckhoffs J, Vonk JM, Vermeulen R, Gehring U. Ambient ultrafine particles and asthma onset until age 20: The PIAMA birth cohort. Environ Res 2022; 214:113770. [PMID: 35777436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence regarding the role of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm, UFP) in asthma onset is scarce. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between exposure to UFP and asthma development in the Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and assessed whether there is an association with UFP, independent of other air pollutants. METHODS Data from birth up to age 20 years from 3687 participants were included. Annual average exposure to UFP at the residential addresses was estimated with a land-use regression model. Overall and age-specific associations of exposure at the birth address and current address at the time of follow-up with asthma incidence were assessed using discrete-time hazard models adjusting for potential confounders. We investigated both single- and two-pollutant models accounting for co-exposure to other air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations, nitrogen dioxide, and PM2.5 absorbance). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 812 incident asthma cases were identified. Overall, we found that higher UFP exposure was associated with higher asthma incidence (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.08 (1.02,1.14) and 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) per interquartile range increase in exposure at the birth address and current address at the time of follow-up, respectively). Age-specific associations were not consistent. The association was no longer significant after adjustment for other traffic-related pollutants (nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 absorbance). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the importance of traffic-related air pollutants for asthma development through childhood and adolescence, but provide little support for an independent effect of UFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhebin Yu
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu J, Zhang M, Ganji A, Mallinen K, Wang A, Lloyd M, Venuta A, Simon L, Kang J, Gong J, Zamel Y, Weichenthal S, Hatzopoulou M. Prediction of Short-Term Ultrafine Particle Exposures Using Real-Time Street-Level Images Paired with Air Quality Measurements. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12886-12897. [PMID: 36044680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within-city ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations vary sharply since they are influenced by various factors. We developed prediction models for short-term UFP exposures using street-level images collected by a camera installed on a vehicle rooftop, paired with air quality measurements conducted during a large-scale mobile monitoring campaign in Toronto, Canada. Convolutional neural network models were trained to extract traffic and built environment features from images. These features, along with regional air quality and meteorology data were used to predict short-term UFP concentration as a continuous and categorical variable. A gradient boost model for UFP as a continuous variable achieved R2 = 0.66 and RMSE = 9391.8#/cm3 (mean values for 10-fold cross-validation). The model predicting categorical UFP achieved accuracies for "Low" and "High" UFP of 77 and 70%, respectively. The presence of trucks and other traffic parameters were associated with higher UFPs, and the spatial distribution of elevated short-term UFP followed the distribution of single-unit trucks. This study demonstrates that pictures captured on urban streets, associated with regional air quality and meteorology, can adequately predict short-term UFP exposure. Capturing the spatial distribution of high-frequency short-term UFP spikes in urban areas provides crucial information for the management of near-road air pollution hot spots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Xu
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Arman Ganji
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Keni Mallinen
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - An Wang
- Urban Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marshall Lloyd
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Alessya Venuta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Leora Simon
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Junwon Kang
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - James Gong
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yazan Zamel
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li H, Liu L, Chen R, Feng R, Zhou Y, Hong J, Cao L, Lu Y, Dong X, Xia M, Ding B, Weng Y, Qian L, Wang L, Zhou W, Gui Y, Han X, Zhang X. Size-segregated particle number concentrations and outpatient-department visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113998. [PMID: 36057178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have simultaneously explored which size of particles has the greatest impact on the risk for pediatric asthma, bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). OBJECTIVES To investigate the short-term association between size-segregated particle number concentrations (PNCs) and outpatient-department visits (ODVs) for major pediatric respiratory diseases. METHODS Daily counts of pediatric ODVs for asthma, bronchitis and URTIs were obtained from 66 hospitals in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2018. Pollutant effects were estimated using Poisson generalized additive models combined with polynomial distributed lag models. We also fitted co-pollutant cumulative effects models included six criteria air pollutants and conducted stratifying analyses by gender, age, season and geographic distances. RESULTS We identified a total of 430,103 patients with asthma, 1,547,013 patients with bronchitis, and 2,155,738 patients with URTIs from the hospitals. Effect estimates increased with decreasing particle size. Ultrafine particle (UFP) and PNCs of 0.10-0.40 µm particles (PNC0.10-0.40) were associated with increased ODVs for asthma, bronchitis and URTIs at cumulative lags up to 3d. Associations tended to appear stable after adjusting for criteria air pollutants. At the cumulative lag 0-2d, each interquartile range increase in UFP was associated with increased ODVs due to asthma (relative risk 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.38), bronchitis (1.20, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.34) and URTI (1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), whereas the associations for PNC0.10-0.40 remained significant but attenuated in magnitude. CONCLUSIONS UFP may be a leading contributor to the adverse respiratory effects of particulate air pollution and the effects increased with decreasing particle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350012, Fujian, China; School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lanfang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanming Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Yuwei Weng
- Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Yin Z, Zhou P, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Norbäck D, Zhang X, Lu C, Yu W, Wang T, Zheng X, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Early-life exposure to PM 2.5 constituents and childhood asthma and wheezing: Findings from China, Children, Homes, Health study. Environ Int 2022; 165:107297. [PMID: 35709580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that early-life (in-utero and first-year since birth) exposure to ambient PM2.5 is a risk factor for asthma onset and exacerbation among children, while the hazards caused by PM2.5 compositions remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine potential associations of early-life exposures to PM2.5 mass and its major chemical constituents with childhood asthma and wheezing. METHODS By conducting the Phase II of the China, Children, Homes, Health study, we investigated 30,325 preschool children aged 3-6 years during 2019-2020 in mainland China. Early-life exposure to PM2.5 mass and its constituents (i.e., black carbon [BC], organic matter [OM], nitrate, ammonium, sulfate) were calculated based on monthly estimates at a 1 km × 1 km resolution from satellite-based models. We adopted a novel quantile-based g-computation approach to assess the effect of a mixture of PM2.5 constituents on childhood asthma/wheezing. RESULTS The average PM2.5 concentrations during in-utero and the first year since birth were 64.7 ± 10.6 and 61.8 ± 10.5 µg/m3, respectively. Early-life exposures to a mixture of major PM2.5 constituents were significantly associated with increased risks of asthma and wheezing, while no evident compositions-wheezing associations were found in the first year. Each quintile increases in all five PM2.5 components exposures in utero was accordingly associated with an odds ratio of 1.18 [95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.29] for asthma and 1.08 [1.01-1.16] for wheezing. BC, OM and SO42- contributed more to risks of asthma and wheezing than the other PM2.5 constituents during early life, wherein the effects of BC were only observed during pregnancy. Sex subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations among girls of first-year exposures to PM2.5 components with childhood asthma. CONCLUSION Early-life exposures to ambient PM2.5, particularly compositions of BC, OM and SO42-, are associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chan Lu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Moreira A. Environmental inequality: Air pollution and asthma in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33. [PMID: 35754123 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether you benefit from high-quality urban environments, such as those rich in green and blue spaces, that may offer benefits to allergic and respiratory health depends on where you live and work. Environmental inequality, therefore, results from the unequal distribution of the risks and benefits that stem from interactions with our environment. METHODS Within this perspective, this article reviews the evidence for an association between air pollution caused by industrial activities, traffic, disinfection-by-products, and tobacco/e-cigarettes, and asthma in children. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases asthma risk, including environmental epigenetic regulations, oxidative stress, and damage, disrupted barrier integrity, inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of respiratory sensitization to aeroallergens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Environmental air pollution is a major determinant of childhood asthma, but the magnitude of effect is not shared equally across the population, regions, and settings where people live, work, and spend their time. Improvement of the exposure assessment, a better understanding of critical exposure time windows, underlying mechanisms, and drivers of heterogeneity may improve the risk estimates. Urban conditions and air quality are not only important features for national and local authorities to shape healthy cities and protect their citizens from environmental and health risks, but they also provide opportunities to mitigate inequalities in the most deprived areas where the environmental burden is highest. Actions to avoid exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants should be complementary at different levels-individual, local, and national levels-to take effective measures to protect children who have little or no control over the air they breathe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Braggio JT, Hall ES, Weber SA, Huff AK. New Homogeneous Spatial Areas Identified Using Case-Crossover Spatial Lag Grid Differences between Aerosol Optical Depth-PM2.5 and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations. Atmosphere 2022; 13:719. [PMID: 36003277 PMCID: PMC9393882 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal use of Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM)-assembled aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 fused surfaces in epidemiologic studies requires homogeneous temporal and spatial fused surfaces. No analytical method is available to evaluate spatial heterogeneity. The temporal case-crossover design was modified to assess the spatial association between four experimental AOD-PM2.5 fused surfaces and four respiratory–cardiovascular hospital events in 12 km2 grids. The maximum number of adjacent lag grids with significant odds ratios (ORs) identified homogeneous spatial areas (HOSAs). The largest HOSA included five grids (lag grids 04; 720 km2) and the smallest HOSA contained two grids (lag grids 01; 288 km2). Emergency department asthma and inpatient asthma, myocardial infarction, and heart failure ORs were significantly higher in rural grids without air monitors than in urban grids with air monitors at lag grids 0, 1, and 01. Rural grids had higher AOD-PM2.5 concentration levels, population density, and poverty percentages than urban grids. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs for all health outcomes at lag grids 0, 1, 01, and 04. The possibility of elevated fine and ultrafine PM and other demographic and environmental risk factors synergistically contributing to elevated respiratory–cardiovascular chronic diseases in persons residing in rural areas was discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou ML, Jiang CB, Chen YH, Wu CD, Candice Lung SC, Chien LC, Kallawicha K, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Frequent occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children is associated with exposure to air pollution, land use types, and parental mental health in the Greater Taipei area. Environ Res 2022; 206:112567. [PMID: 34932981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have investigated the individual effects of air pollution, land use types, and parental mental health on children's respiratory health, few studies have examined the effects of these risk factors simultaneously in children aged <2 years. We investigated the effects of exposure to air pollution, land use types surrounding residences, and parental mental health on the frequent occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children aged <2 years in the Greater Taipei area. Participants were recruited from an ongoing Taiwanese birth cohort study. We analyzed the data of the participants who had been recruited from January 2011 to April 2014 and had responded to the follow-up questionnaires at 6, 12, and 24 months. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect participants' sociodemographic background and health, such as respiratory symptoms, and parental mental health. Pre- and postnatal pollution levels were estimated using the spatial interpolation technique (ordinary kriging) at children's residential addresses. Land use types surrounding participants' homes were evaluated by performing buffer analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of risk factors on the frequent occurrence of child respiratory symptoms in children aged 6, 12, and 24 months. We included 228, 360, and 441 children aged 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Our results indicated that postnatal exposure to PM2.5 and O3 was positively associated with children's respiratory symptoms. Traffic-related land-use types, sports facilities, and commercial land surrounding homes exerted adverse effects on children's respiratory symptoms, whereas the presence of schools in the neighborhood was beneficial. Parental mental health was also associated with children's respiratory symptoms. Postnatal exposure to air pollution and land use types surrounding residences were associated with respiratory health in children aged <2 years. The residential environment is a critical factor affecting children's respiratory health of children aged <2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kraiwuth Kallawicha
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin XH, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Nanoparticles: Excellent Materials Yet Dangerous When They Become Airborne. Toxics 2022; 10:50. [PMID: 35202237 PMCID: PMC8874650 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the rise and rapid development of nanoscale science and technology in the late 1980s, nanomaterials have been widely used in many areas including medicine, electronic products, crafts, textiles, and cosmetics, which have provided a lot of convenience to people's life. However, while nanomaterials have been fully utilized, their negative effects, also known as nano pollution, have become increasingly apparent. The adverse effects of nanomaterials on the environment and organisms are mainly based on the unique size and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs). NPs, as the basic unit of nanomaterials, generally refer to the ultrafine particles whose spatial scale are defined in the range of 1-100 nm. In this review, we mainly introduce the basic status of the types and applications of NPs, airborne NP pollution, and the relationship between airborne NP pollution and human diseases. There are many sources of airborne NP pollutants, including engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and non-engineered nanoparticles (NENPs). The NENPs can be further divided into those generated from natural activities and those produced by human activities. A growing number of studies have found that exposure to airborne NP pollutants can cause a variety of illnesses, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. To deal with the ever increasing numbers and types of NPs being unleashed to the air, we believe that extensive research is needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of NP pollution hazards and their impact mechanisms. Only in this way can we find the best solution and truly protect the safety and quality of life of human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lau CH, Pendleton D, Drury NL, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang R, Wright GA, Hoffmann AR, Johnson NM. NRF2 Protects against Altered Pulmonary T Cell Differentiation in Neonates Following In Utero Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:202. [PMID: 35204086 PMCID: PMC8868442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution negatively impacts neonatal health. The underlying mechanisms following prenatal exposure, particularly to ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter ≤ 0.1 μm), are not fully understood; To evaluate the role of Nrf2 in response to in utero UFP exposure, we exposed time-mated Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) or wildtype (WT) mice to filtered air (FA) or 100 μg/m3 ultrafine PM daily throughout pregnancy. Offspring were evaluated for pulmonary immunophenotypes and pulmonary/systemic oxidative stress on postnatal day 5, a timepoint at which we previously demonstrated viral respiratory infection susceptibility; Nrf2-/- offspring exposed to FA had significantly lower average body weights compared to FA-exposed WT pups. Moreover, PM-exposed Nrf2-/- offspring weighed significantly less than PM-exposed WT pups. Notably, PM-exposed Nrf2-/- offspring showed a decreased pulmonary Th1/Th2 ratio, indicating a Th2 bias. Th17 cells were increased in FA-exposed Nrf2-/- neonates yet decreased in PM-exposed Nrf2-/- neonates. Analysis of oxidative stress-related genes in lung and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver tissues did not vary significantly across exposure groups or genotypes. Collectively, these findings indicate that the lack of Nrf2 causes growth inhibitory effects in general and in response to gestational UFP exposure. Prenatal UFP exposure skews CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation toward Th2 in neonates lacking Nrf2, signifying its importance in maternal exposure and infant immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H. Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.H.L.); (G.A.W.)
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| | - Nicholas L. Drury
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gus A. Wright
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.H.L.); (G.A.W.)
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;
| | - Natalie M. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu Z, Koppelman GH, Hoek G, Kerckhoffs J, Vonk JM, Vermeulen R, Gehring U. Ultrafine particles, particle components and lung function at age 16 years: The PIAMA birth cohort study. Environ Int 2021; 157:106792. [PMID: 34388675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposure has been linked to lung function in adolescents, but little is known about the relevance of specific PM components and ultrafine particles (UFP). OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM elemental composition and UFP with lung function at age 16 years. METHODS For 706 participants of a prospective Dutch birth cohort, we assessed associations of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at age 16 with average exposure to eight elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc) in PM2.5 and PM10, as well as UFP during the preceding years (age 13-16 years) estimated by land-use regression models. After assessing associations for each pollutant individually using linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounders, independence of associations with different pollutants was assessed in two-pollutant models with PM mass and NO2, for which associations with lung function have been reported previously. RESULTS We observed that for most PM elemental components higher exposure was associated with lower FEV1, especially PM10 sulfur [e.g. adjusted difference -2.23% (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.70 to -0.74%) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 sulfur]. The association with PM10 sulfur remained after adjusting for PM10 mass. Negative associations of exposure to UFP with both FEV1 and FVC were observed [-1.06% (95% CI: -2.08 to -0.03%) and -0.65% (95% CI: -1.53 to 0.23%), respectively per IQR increase in UFP], but did not persist in two-pollutant models with NO2 or PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to sulfur in PM10 may result in lower FEV1 at age 16. There is no evidence for an independent effect of UFP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhebin Yu
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Turner A, Brokamp C, Wolfe C, Reponen T, Ryan P. Personal exposure to average weekly ultrafine particles, lung function, and respiratory symptoms in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents. Environ Int 2021; 156:106740. [PMID: 34237487 PMCID: PMC8380734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence suggests ultrafine particles (UFPs) are linked to adverse health effects, especially in those with chronic conditions such as asthma, due to their small size and physicochemical characteristics. Toxicological and experimental studies have demonstrated these properties, and the mechanisms by which they deposit and translocate in the body result in increased toxicity in comparison to other air pollutants. However, current epidemiological literature is limited due to exposure misclassification and thus identifying health outcomes associated with UFPs. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between weekly personal UFP exposure with lung function and respiratory symptoms in 117 asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age in the Cincinnati area. Between 2017 and 2019, participants collected weekly UFP concentrations by sampling for 3 h a day in their home, school, and during transit. In addition, pulmonary function was evaluated at the end of the sampling week, and respiratory symptoms were logged on a mobile phone application. Multivariable linear regression and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models were used to estimate the association between personal UFP and respiratory outcomes. The average median weekly UFP exposure of all participants was 4340 particles/cm3 (p/cc). Results of fully adjusted regression models revealed a negative association between UFPs and percent predicted forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio (%FEV1/FVC) (β:-0.03, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.02]). Prediction models estimated an association between UFPs and respiratory symptoms, which was greater in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics. Our results indicate an interaction between asthma status and the likelihood of experiencing respiratory symptoms when exposed to UFPs, indicating an exacerbation of this chronic condition. More research is needed to determine the magnitude of the role UFPs play on respiratory health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Turner
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, United States.
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Chris Wolfe
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wright RJ, Hsu HHL, Chiu YHM, Coull BA, Simon MC, Hudda N, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Durant JL. Prenatal Ambient Ultrafine Particle Exposure and Childhood Asthma in the Northeastern United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:788-796. [PMID: 34018915 PMCID: PMC8528517 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3743oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs; with an aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 μm) may exert greater toxicity than other pollution components because of their enhanced oxidative capacity and ability to translocate systemically. Studies examining associations between prenatal UFP exposure and childhood asthma remain sparse. Objectives: We used daily UFP exposure estimates to identify windows of susceptibility of prenatal UFP exposure related to asthma in children, accounting for sex-specific effects. Methods: Analyses included 376 mother-child dyads followed since pregnancy. Daily UFP exposure during pregnancy was estimated by using a spatiotemporally resolved particle number concentration prediction model. Bayesian distributed lag interaction models were used to identify windows of susceptibility for UFP exposure and examine whether effect estimates varied by sex. Incident asthma was determined at the first report of asthma (3.6 ± 3.2 yr). Covariates included maternal age, education, race, and obesity; child sex; nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and temperature averaged over gestation; and postnatal UFP exposure. Measurements and Main Results: Women were 37.8% Black and 43.9% Hispanic, with 52.9% reporting having an education at the high school level or lower; 18.4% of children developed asthma. The cumulative odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident asthma per doubling of the UFP exposure concentration across pregnancy was 4.28 (1.41-15.7), impacting males and females similarly. Bayesian distributed lag interaction models indicated sex differences in the windows of susceptibility, with the highest risk of asthma seen in females exposed to higher UFP concentrations during late pregnancy. Conclusions: Prenatal UFP exposure was associated with asthma development in children, independent of correlated ambient NO2 and temperature. Findings will benefit future research and policy-makers who are considering appropriate regulations to reduce the adverse effects of UFPs on child respiratory health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Matthew C. Simon
- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and
| | - John L. Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Olsson D, Forsberg B, Bråbäck L, Geels C, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Oudin A. Early childhood exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased risk of paediatric asthma: An administrative cohort study from Stockholm, Sweden. Environ Int 2021; 155:106667. [PMID: 34077855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease and one of the most common chronic diseases among children. Exposure to ambient air pollution in early life and childhood may influence asthma aetiology, but it is uncertain which specific components of air pollution and exposure windows are of importance. The role of socio-economic status (SES) is also unclear. The aims of the present study are, therefore, to investigate how various exposure windows of different pollutants affect risk-induced asthma in early life and to explore the possible effect SES has on that relationship. METHODS The study population was constructed using register data on all singleton births in the greater Stockholm area between 2006 and 2013. Exposure to ambient black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), primary organic carbon (pOC) secondary organic aerosols (SOA), secondary inorganic aerosols, and oxidative potential at the residential address was modelled as mean values for the entire pregnancy period, the first year of life and the first three years of life. Swedish national registers were used to define the outcome: asthma diagnosis assessed at hospital during the first six years of life. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were modelled with Cox proportional hazards model with age as the underlying time-scale, adjusting for relevant potential confounding variables. RESULTS An increased risk for developing childhood asthma was observed in association with exposure to PM2.5, pOC and SOA during the first three years of life. With an interquartile range increase in exposure, the HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.10), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.04), for PM2.5, pOC and SOA, respectively, in the fully adjusted models. Exposure during foetal life or the first year of life was not associated with asthma risk, and the other pollutants were not statistically significantly associated with increased risk. Furthermore, the increase in risk associated with PM2.5 and the components BC, pOC and SOA were stronger in areas with lower SES. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure to air pollution during the first three years of life may increase the risk for asthma in early childhood. The findings further imply a possible increased vulnerability to air pollution-attributed asthma among low SES children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science - Atmospheric Modelling, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science - Atmospheric Modelling, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science - Atmospheric Modelling, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science - Atmospheric Modelling, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beamer PI, Lothrop N. Before the First Breath: Prenatal Ultrafine Particulate Exposure and Incident Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:747-748. [PMID: 34346859 PMCID: PMC8528518 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1356ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma I Beamer
- University of Arizona, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Nathan Lothrop
- University of Arizona, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States.,University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peden DB. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution: a preventable risk for childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:716-718. [PMID: 34310929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Andrews Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Senior Associate Dean for Translational Research &, Deputy Director, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, The School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Johnson NM, Hoffmann AR, Behlen JC, Lau C, Pendleton D, Harvey N, Shore R, Li Y, Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang R. Air pollution and children's health-a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:72. [PMID: 34253165 PMCID: PMC8274666 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children's health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development. METHOD In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) PM. We highlight the established and emerging findings from epidemiologic studies and experimental models. RESULTS Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children's respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health. CONCLUSION Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM2.5 levels are regulated, yet it is recognized that minority and low socioeconomic status groups experience disproportionate exposures. Moreover, PM0.1 levels are not routinely measured or currently regulated. Consequently, preventive strategies that inform neighborhood/regional planning and clinical/nutritional recommendations are needed to mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan C Behlen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carmen Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Navada Harvey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ross Shore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murphy MSQ, Fell DB, Sprague AE, Corsi DJ, Dougan S, Dunn SI, Holmberg V, Huang T, Johnson M, Kotuba M. Data Resource Profile: Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1416-1417h. [PMID: 34097034 PMCID: PMC8580270 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malia S Q Murphy
- OMNI Research Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ann E Sprague
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel J Corsi
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shelley Dougan
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sandra I Dunn
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vivian Holmberg
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tianhua Huang
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Moya Johnson
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Kotuba
- BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zou ML, Jiang CB, Chen YH, Wu CD, Candice Lung SC, Chien LC, Kallawicha K, Yang YT, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Effects of air pollution, land-use type, and maternal mental health on child development in the first two years of life in the Greater Taipei area. Environ Res 2021; 197:111168. [PMID: 33857463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated the associations of child development with air pollution, land-use type, and maternal mental health simultaneously. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of exposure to air pollutants during several critical periods of life, with adjustment for land-use type and maternal mental status, on child development at 6, 12, and 24 months of age in the Greater Taipei area. METHODS Participants were selected from an ongoing Taiwanese birth cohort study. We analyzed the data of the participants who had been recruited from January 2011 to April 2014. Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on sociodemographic factors, infant development and health, maternal mental status, etc. Air pollution levels in pre- and postnatal periods were estimated using a spatial interpolation technique (ordinary kriging) at children's residential addresses. Land-use types around participants' homes were evaluated using buffer analysis. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the relationships between child development delay and environmental factors. RESULTS In total, 228, 361, and 441 families completed child development forms at 6, 12, and 24 months of age, respectively. Our results indicated that prenatal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm and O3 and postnatal exposure to NO2 were negatively associated with child development. Traffic-related land-use types, gas stations, and power generation areas around participants' homes were also adversely correlated with child development. Moreover, poor maternal mental health was associated with child development delay. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure and postnatal exposure to air pollution were associated with development delay in children under 2 years of age, specifically those under 1 year of age, even after adjustment for land-use type and maternal mental status. Living environment is critical for the development of children under 2 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kraiwuth Kallawicha
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Hsinchu County Environmental Protection Bureau, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Villanueva F, Notario A, Cabañas B, Martín P, Salgado S, Gabriel MF. Assessment of CO 2 and aerosol (PM 2.5, PM 10, UFP) concentrations during the reopening of schools in the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a metropolitan area in Central-Southern Spain. Environ Res 2021; 197:111092. [PMID: 33785326 PMCID: PMC8003457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Public health authorities have been paramount in guaranteeing that adequate fresh air ventilation is promoted in classrooms to avoid SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational environments. In this work it was aimed to assess ventilation conditions (carbon dioxide, CO2) and suspended particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and UFP) levels in 19 classrooms - including preschool, primary and secondary education - located in the metropolitan area of Ciudad Real, Central-Southern Spain, during the school's reopening (from September 30th until October 27th, 2020) after about 7 months of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. The classrooms that presented the worst indoor environmental conditions, according to the highest peak of concentration obtained, were particularly explored to identify the possible influencing factors and respective opportunities for improvement. Briefly, findings suggested that although ventilation promoted through opening windows and doors according to official recommendations is guaranteeing adequate ventilation conditions in most of the studied classrooms, thus minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission, a total of 5 (26%) surveyed classrooms were found to exceed the recommended CO2 concentration limit value (700 ppm). In general, preschool rooms were the educational environments that registered better ventilation conditions, while secondary classrooms exhibited the highest peak and average CO2 concentrations. In turn, for PM2.5, PM10 and UFP, the concentrations assessed in preschools were, on average about 2-fold greater than the levels obtained in both primary and secondary classrooms. In fact, the indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations substantially exceeded the recommended limits of 8hr-exposure, established by WHO, in 63% and 32% of the surveyed classrooms, respectively. Overall, it is expected that the findings presented in this study will assist the establishment of evidence-based measures (namely based on ensuring proper ventilation rates and air filtration) to mitigate preventable environmental harm in public school buildings, mainly at local and national levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Villanueva
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla La Mancha, Paseo de la Innovación 1, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Notario
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cabañas
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sagrario Salgado
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Fonseca Gabriel
- INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Campus da FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bettiol A, Gelain E, Milanesio E, Asta F, Rusconi F. The first 1000 days of life: traffic-related air pollution and development of wheezing and asthma in childhood. A systematic review of birth cohort studies. Environ Health 2021; 20:46. [PMID: 33865406 PMCID: PMC8053261 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first 1000 days of life -including pregnancy and the first 2 years after birth- represent a critical window for health interventions. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on the relationship between traffic-related air pollutants exposure in the first 1000 days of life and the development of wheezing and asthma, with a particular focus on windows of exposure. METHODS Medline and Embase were searched from January 2000 to May 2020 to retrieve population-based birth-cohort studies, including registries, providing quantitative information on the association between exposure to traffic-related air pollutants during pregnancy or early life, and the risk of developing wheezing and asthma in childhood. Screening and selection of the articles were completed independently by three reviewers. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Out of 9681 records retrieved, 26 studies from 21 cohorts were included. The most common traffic-related air pollutant markers were particulate matter (PM) and nitric oxides (NOx). The variability in terms of pollutants, exposure assessment methods, and exposure levels chosen to present the results did not allow a meta-analysis. Exposure to PM and NOx in pregnancy (10 cohorts) was consistently associated with an increased risk of asthma development, while the association with wheezing development was unclear. The second trimester of pregnancy seemed to be particularly critical for asthma risk. As for exposure during early life (15 cohorts), most studies found a positive association between PM (7/10 studies) and NOx (11/13 studies) and the risk of asthma development, while the risk of wheezing development was controversial. The period of postnatal exposure, however, was less precisely defined and a partial overlap between the period of exposure measurement and that of outcome development was present in a consistent number of studies (14 out of 15) raising doubts on the associations found. CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma development among children and adolescents. The relationship between exposure in the first two years of life and the development of wheezing and asthma needs to be confirmed in studies with more precise exposure assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Gelain
- Coordinating Centre for Paediatric Rare Diseases, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Federica Asta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Rusconi
- Unit of Epidemiology, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
García-Serna AM, Martín-Orozco E, Hernández-Caselles T, Morales E. Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences Shaping the Neonatal Immune System: A Focus on Asthma and Allergy Origins. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18083962. [PMID: 33918723 PMCID: PMC8069583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is suggested that programming of the immune system starts before birth and is shaped by environmental influences acting during critical windows of susceptibility for human development. Prenatal and perinatal exposure to physiological, biological, physical, or chemical factors can trigger permanent, irreversible changes to the developing immune system, which may be reflected in cord blood of neonates. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on the role of the prenatal and perinatal environment, including season of birth, mode of delivery, exposure to common allergens, a farming environment, pet ownership, and exposure to tobacco smoking and pollutants, in shaping the immune cell populations and cytokines at birth in humans. We also discuss how reported disruptions in the immune system at birth might contribute to the development of asthma and related allergic manifestations later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azahara María García-Serna
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.G.-S.); (E.M.-O.); (T.H.-C.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868883691
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin YT, Shih H, Jung CR, Wang CM, Chang YC, Hsieh CY, Hwang BF. Effect of exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and infancy on paediatric allergic rhinitis. Thorax 2021; 76:568-574. [PMID: 33707186 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of prenatal and postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) is poorly understood. We further identified the vulnerable period for AR development to determine methods to decrease adverse effects. METHODS We used a large population-based birth cohort of 140 911 singleton live infants in Taichung, Taiwan with a highly temporal-resolution satellite-based hybrid model to evaluate the effects of prenatal and early postnatal exposure on the onset of AR. RESULTS Among 140 911 children, 47 276 (33.55%) were cases of incident AR. The mean age of the children with AR at initial diagnosis was 2.97±1.78 years. We identified a significant association of AR with an interquartile range (IQR 17.98 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 from 30 gestational weeks to 52 weeks after birth. The exposure-response relationship revealed that AR had a significant positive association between PM2.5 of 26-76 µg/m3 (adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.00 to 1.05). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that both prenatal and postnatal exposures to PM2.5 are associated with later development of AR. The vulnerable time window may be within late gestation and the first year of life. Further study is required to confirm the vulnerable time period of PM2.5 on AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao Shih
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ren Jung
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chi-Min Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Wei J, Shi Y, Quan C, Ho HC, Song Y, Zhang L. Early-life exposure to submicron particulate air pollution in relation to asthma development in Chinese preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:771-782.e12. [PMID: 33684436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggested an association of early-life particulate air pollution exposure with development of asthma in childhood. However, the potentially differential effects of submicron particulate matter (PM; PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm [PM1]) remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study primarily aimed to investigate associations of childhood asthma and wheezing with in utero and first-year exposures to size-specific particles. METHODS We conducted a large cross-sectional survey among 5788 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in central China. In utero and first-year exposures to ambient PM1, PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm, and PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm at 1 × 1-km resolution were assessed using machine learning-based spatiotemporal models. A time-to-event analysis was performed to examine associations between residential PM exposures and childhood onset of asthma and wheezing. RESULTS Early-life size-specific PM exposures, particularly during pregnancy, were significantly associated with increased risk of asthma, whereas no evident PM-wheezing associations were observed. Each 10-μg/m3 increase in in utero and first-year PM1 exposure was accordingly associated with an asthma's hazard ratio in childhood of 1.618 (95% CI, 1.159-2.258; P = .005) and 1.543 (0.822-2.896; P = .177). Subgroup analyses suggest that short breast-feeding duration may aggravate PM-associated risk of childhood asthma. Each 10-μg/m3 increase in in utero exposure to PM1, for instance, was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.260 (1.393-3.666) among children with 0 to 5 months' breast-feeding and 1.156 (0.721-1.853) among those longer breast-fed. CONCLUSIONS Our study added comparative evidence for increased risk of childhood asthma in relation to early-life PM exposures, highlighting stronger associations with ambient PM1 than with PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm and PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Quan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Air pollution has adverse effects on the onset and morbidity of respiratory diseases, including asthma. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the effects of air pollution on the incidence and exacerbation of asthma. We focus on epidemiological studies that describe the association between air pollution exposure and development, mortality, persistence and exacerbations of asthma among different age groups. Moreover, we also provide an update on translational studies describing the mechanisms behind this association. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms linking air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone to the development and exacerbation of asthma include the induction of both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation driven by stimulation of airway epithelium and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress and DNA methylation changes. Although exposure during foetal development is often reported as a crucial timeframe, exposure to air pollution is detrimental in people of all ages, thus influencing asthma onset as well as increase in asthma prevalence, mortality, persistence and exacerbation. SUMMARY In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of reducing air pollution levels to avert the progressive increase in asthma incidence and morbidity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Schneider R, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Sera F, Masselot P, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Kloog I, Reis S, Vieno M, Gasparrini A. A Satellite-Based Spatio-Temporal Machine Learning Model to Reconstruct Daily PM 2.5 Concentrations across Great Britain. Remote Sens (Basel) 2021; 12:3803. [PMID: 33408882 PMCID: PMC7116547 DOI: 10.3390/rs12223803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution usually rely on measurements from fixed ground monitors, which provide limited spatio-temporal coverage. Data from satellites, reanalysis, and chemical transport models offer additional information used to reconstruct pollution concentrations at high spatio-temporal resolutions. This study aims to develop a multi-stage satellite-based machine learning model to estimate daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels across Great Britain between 2008–2018. This high-resolution model consists of random forest (RF) algorithms applied in four stages. Stage-1 augments monitor-PM2.5 series using co-located PM10 measures. Stage-2 imputes missing satellite aerosol optical depth observations using atmospheric reanalysis models. Stage-3 integrates the output from previous stages with spatial and spatio-temporal variables to build a prediction model for PM2.5. Stage-4 applies Stage-3 models to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations over a 1 km grid. The RF architecture performed well in all stages, with results from Stage-3 showing an average cross-validated R2 of 0.767 and minimal bias. The model performed better over the temporal scale when compared to the spatial component, but both presented good accuracy with an R2 of 0.795 and 0.658, respectively. These findings indicate that direct satellite observations must be integrated with other satellite-based products and geospatial variables to derive reliable estimates of air pollution exposure. The high spatio-temporal resolution and the relatively high precision allow these estimates (approximately 950 million points) to be used in epidemiological analyses to assess health risks associated with both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Schneider
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), Shinfield Rd, Reading RG2 9AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva P.O.B. 653, Israel
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsieh CY, Jung CR, Lin CY, Hwang BF. Combined exposure to heavy metals in PM 2.5 and pediatric asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2171-2180.e13. [PMID: 33378689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic allergic disease in children; it affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Information on the association between exposure to ambient heavy metals and incidence of pediatric asthma is limited. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effects of heavy metals during pregnancy and infancy periods with asthma and identify a sensitive time window, clarifying the effect of ambient heavy metals on lung development. METHODS A total of 171,281 children, who were born from 2004 to 2011 in Taichung City, were followed until 2014. Concentrations of ambient heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chem model, considering the top 75 emission sources in Taiwan. The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to investigate the relationship between combined exposure to heavy metals in 2.5 μm particulate matter and asthma in pregnant women and 1-year-old infants. RESULTS We identified 31,277 new asthma cases from the birth cohort. After adjustment for socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal atopy, maternal anemia, and maternal kidney disease, distributed lag nonlinear model results revealed positive associations of asthma with exposure to Pb during gestational weeks 1 to 14 and 21 to 40, and 1 to 3 weeks after birth. Regarding the sensitivity analyses, coexposure to Pb and As, coexposure to Pb and Cd, and coexposure to Pb and Hg were positively associated with asthma onset as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that combined exposure to Pb with As, Cd, and Hg during early and late gestational weeks was associated with the incidence of pediatric asthma.
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo L, Salimi F, Wang H, Hofmann W, Johnson GR, Toelle BG, Marks GB, Morawska L. Experimentally determined deposition of ambient urban ultrafine particles in the respiratory tract of children. Environ Int 2020; 145:106094. [PMID: 32932065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical element of the risk assessment of exposure to airborne ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) is the quantification of respiratory tract deposition (RTD) of the particles, which is intrinsically challenging, particularly at the population scale. In this study, we used a recently proposed method to experimentally determine the RTD of urban UFP in a large group of children exposed to these particles in a school setting in Brisbane, Australia. Children are one of the most susceptible population groups; However, little is known about the deposition of UFP from urban traffic in their airways. In order to advance the knowledge in this field, the objectives of this study were: to determine the deposition of ambient urbane UFP in large number children, to catergorize the source of inhaled UFPs and hence to assess the contribution of air pollution sources to the deposition. RTD was measured in children aged 8-11 at primary schools using a flow-through chamber bag system. First, the inhaled and exhaled air was separated; then the particle number size distribution and particle number concentration were measured. The sources of inhaled UFP were categorized according to their particle number size distribution by a K means cluster technique. A total of 128 children from five schools performed the RTD measurement. The mean total deposition fraction of urban UFP in all children was 0.59 ± 0.10. Inhaled UFP were categorized into two groups: traffic and urban background, with the GMD of corresponding particle number size distribution of 20 nm and 40 nm, respectively. The total deposition fraction (mean ± SD) of UFP from these two groups was 0.68 ± 0.09 for traffic and 0.55 ± 0.08 for urban background respectively. This is the first study in which RTD was measured in a large group of children inhaling real urban UFP. First, we proved that this novel method can indeed be applied easily and quickly to a large group of people. Second, we quantified the RTD of children, thus providing an important input to the risk assessment for exposure to UFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Guo
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Fahard Salimi
- University Centre for Rural Health-North Coast, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Werner Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Graham R Johnson
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- Respiratory & Environmental Epidemiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- Respiratory & Environmental Epidemiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wale, Randwick, NSW 2052s, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim JH, Kim J, Kim WJ, Choi YH, Yang SR, Hong SH. Diesel Particulate Matter 2.5 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor during Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoid Development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8410. [PMID: 33202948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence links prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) with reduced lung function and incidence of pulmonary diseases in infancy and childhood. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of how prenatal PM2.5 exposure affects the lungs are incompletely understood, which explains the lack of an ideal in vitro lung development model. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been successfully employed for in vitro developmental toxicity evaluations due to their unique ability to differentiate into any type of cell in the body. In this study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of diesel fine PM (dPM2.5) exposure during hPSC-derived alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation and three-dimensional (3D) multicellular alveolar organoid (AO) development. We found that dPM2.5 (50 and 100 μg/mL) treatment disturbed the AEC differentiation, accompanied by upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and inflammation. Exposure to dPM2.5 also promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during AEC and AO development via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, while dPM2.5 had no effect on surfactant protein C expression in hPSC-derived AECs. Notably, we provided evidence, for the first time, that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor to mediate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into target cells, and the cofactor transmembrane protease serine 2 were significantly upregulated in both hPSC-AECs and AOs treated with dPM2.5. In conclusion, we demonstrated the potential alveolar development toxicity and the increase of SARS-Cov-2 susceptibility of PM2.5. Our findings suggest that an hPSC-based 2D and 3D alveolar induction system could be a useful in vitro platform for evaluating the adverse effects of environmental toxins and for virus research.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hong KY, Pinheiro PO, Weichenthal S. Predicting outdoor ultrafine particle number concentrations, particle size, and noise using street-level images and audio data. Environ Int 2020; 144:106044. [PMID: 32805577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs) (<0.1 µm) may have an important impact on public health but exposure assessment remains a challenge in epidemiological studies. We developed a novel method of estimating spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFP number concentrations and particle diameters using street-level images and audio data in Montreal, Canada. As a secondary aim, we also developed models for noise. Convolutional neural networks were first trained to predict 10-second average UFP/noise parameters using a large database of images and audio spectrogram data paired with measurements collected between April 2019 and February 2020. Final multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were developed to predict 5-minute average UFP/noise parameters including covariates from deep learning models based on image and audio data along with outdoor temperature and wind speed. The best performing final models had mean cross-validation R2 values of 0.677 and 0.523 for UFP number concentrations and 0.825 and 0.735 for UFP size using two different test sets. Audio predictions from deep learning models were stronger predictors of spatiotemporal variations in UFP parameters than predictions based on street-level images; this was not explained only by noise levels captured in the audio signal. All final noise models had R2 values above 0.90. Collectively, our findings suggest that street-level images and audio data can be used to estimate spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs and noise. This approach may be useful in developing exposure models over broad spatial scales and such models can be regularly updated to expand generalizability as more measurements become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Y Hong
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Element AI, 6650 Saint Urbain, Suite #500, Montreal, QC H2S 3G9, Canada
| | - Pedro O Pinheiro
- Element AI, 6650 Saint Urbain, Suite #500, Montreal, QC H2S 3G9, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fireman Klein E, Adir Y, Fireman E, Kessel A. Cigarette-related cadmium and environmental pollution exposure are reflected in airway ultrafine particle content. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00361-2019. [PMID: 32963996 PMCID: PMC7487350 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00361-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Particulate matter (PM) and cigarette-related cadmium exposure increases inflammation and smokers' susceptibility to developing lung diseases. The majority of inhaled metals are attached to the surface of ultrafine particles (UFPs). A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. Methods EBC was collected from 58 COPD patients and 40 healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Participants underwent spirometry, diffusion capacity, EBC and blood sampling. Environmental pollution data were collected from monitoring stations. UFPs were measured in EBC and serum, and cadmium content was quantified. Results Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC (<0.18×108·mL-1) had been exposed to higher long-term PM2.5 levels versus subjects with high UFP concentrations in EBC (>0.18×108·mL-1) (21.9 µg·m-3 versus 17.4 µg·m-3, p≤0.001). Long-term PM2.5 exposure levels correlated negatively with UFP concentrations in EBC and positively with UFP concentrations in serum (r=-0.54, p≤0.001 and r=0.23, p=0.04, respectively). Healthy smokers had higher cadmium levels in EBC versus healthy nonsmokers and COPD patients (25.2 ppm versus 23.7 ppm and 23.3 ppm, p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC also had low cadmium levels in EBC versus subjects with high UFP levels (22.8 ppm versus 24.2 ppm, p=0.004). Conclusions Low UFP concentration in EBC is an indicator of high-level PM exposure. High cadmium levels in EBC among smokers and the association between cadmium and UFP content in EBC among COPD patients indicate cadmium lung toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Fireman Klein
- Pulmonary Division, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Dept of Internal Medicine B, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yochai Adir
- Pulmonary Division, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Fireman
- The Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, National Laboratory Service for ILD, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dept of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Kessel
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Antonios Charokopos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Smallcombe CC, Harford TJ, Linfield DT, Lechuga S, Bokun V, Piedimonte G, Rezaee F. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exaggerate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L481-L496. [PMID: 32640839 PMCID: PMC7518063 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. While most develop a mild, self-limiting illness, some develop severe acute lower respiratory infection and persistent airway disease. Exposure to ambient particulate matter has been linked to asthma, bronchitis, and viral infection in multiple epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that coexposure to nanoparticles worsens RSV-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) or a combination of TiO2-NP and RSV. Structure and function of epithelial cell barrier were analyzed. Viral titer and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated. In vivo, mice were intranasally incubated with TiO2-NP, RSV, or a combination. Lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were harvested for analysis of airway inflammation and apical junctional complex (AJC) disruption. RSV-induced AJC disruption was amplified by TiO2-NP. Nanoparticle exposure increased viral infection in epithelial cells. TiO2-NP induced generation of ROS, and pretreatment with antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, reversed said barrier dysfunction. In vivo, RSV-induced injury and AJC disruption were augmented in the lungs of mice given TiO2-NP. Airway inflammation was exacerbated, as evidenced by increased white blood cell infiltration into the BAL, along with exaggeration of peribronchial inflammation and AJC disruption. These data demonstrate that TiO2-NP exposure exacerbates RSV-induced AJC dysfunction and increases inflammation by mechanisms involving generation of ROS. Further studies are required to determine whether NP exposure plays a role in the health disparities of asthma and other lung diseases, and why some children experience more severe airway disease with RSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C Smallcombe
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Terri J Harford
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Debra T Linfield
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vladimir Bokun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Centre for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharma A, Kumar P. Quantification of air pollution exposure to in-pram babies and mitigation strategies. Environ Int 2020; 139:105671. [PMID: 32278197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Young children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution exposure during their early childhood development, yet research on exposure to in-pram babies in different types of single/double prams is limited. This work aims to mimick their exposure to multiple air pollutants - particulate matter ≤10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5; fine particles), ≤1 µm (PM1), ≤0.10 µm (measured as particle number concentration, PNC) - in three different types of prams (single pram facing the road; single pram facing parents; double pram facing the road). We also assessed the differences in exposure concentrations between typical adult and in-pram baby breathing height via simultaneous measurements besides assessing their physico-chemical properties (morphology and elemental composition). In addition, we analysed the impact of pram covers in mitigating in-pram exposure concentrations of selected pollutants. We carried out a total of 89 single runs, repeating on a 2.1 km long pre-defined route between an origin-destination pair (the University of Surrey to a local school) during the morning (08:00-10:00 h; local time) and afternoon (15:00-17:00 h) hours. These run simulated morning drop-off and afternoon pick-off times of school children. Overall, the experimental runs took about 66 h and covered the total length of 145 km. Substantial variability is observed in measured concentrations of different pollutants within each run (e.g., up to 290-times for PNC) and between different runs performed during different times of the day (e.g., ~62% variability in average PNC; ~7% for PM1 and 8% for PM2.5 during morning versus afternoon). The average in-pram concentration of fine particles was always higher by up to 44% compared with adult breathing height during both morning and afternoon runs. The comparison of exposure concentrations at two different sitting heights of double pram showed that PNC concentrations were higher by about 72% at the bottom seat compared to the top seat. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of PM2.5-10 revealed traces of brake wear, tyre wear and re-suspended dust minerals with the predominance of brake and tyre wear emissions at baby height compared with a relatively larger share of earth crust elements at adult height. For mitigation measures, pram covers reduced concentrations of small-sized particles by as much as 39% (fine particles) and 43% (coarse particles). Our results reinforce the need for mitigating exposures to in-pram babies, especially at urban pollution hotspots such as busy congested roads, bus stops, and traffic intersections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Elten M, Donelle J, Lima I, Burnett RT, Weichenthal S, Stieb DM, Hystad P, van Donkelaar A, Chen H, Paul LA, Crighton E, Martin RV, Decou ML, Luo W, Lavigne É. Ambient air pollution and incidence of early-onset paediatric type 1 diabetes: A retrospective population-based cohort study. Environ Res 2020; 184:109291. [PMID: 32120123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported increasing incidence rates of paediatric diabetes, especially among those aged 0-5 years. Epidemiological evidence linking ambient air pollution to paediatric diabetes remains mixed. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between maternal and early-life exposures to common air pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, O3, and oxidant capacity [Ox; the redox-weighted average of O3 and NO2]) and the incidence of paediatric diabetes in children up to 6 years of age. METHODS All registered singleton births in Ontario, Ca nada occurring between April 1st, 2006 and March 31st, 2012 were included through linkage from health administrative data. Monthly exposures to NO2, PM2.5, O3, and Ox were estimated across trimesters, the entire pregnancy period and during childhood. Random effects Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationships with paediatric diabetes incidence while controlling for important covariates. We also modelled the shape of concentration-response (CR) relationships. RESULTS There were 1094 children out of a cohort of 754,698 diagnosed with diabetes before the age of six. O3 exposures during the first trimester of pregnancy were associated with paediatric diabetes incidence (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile (IQR) increase = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.04-3.86). The CR relationship between O3 during the first trimester and paediatric diabetes incidence appeared to have a risk threshold, in which there was little-to-no risk below 25 ppb of O3, while above this level risk increased sigmoidally. No other associations were observed. CONCLUSION O3 exposures during a critical period of development were associated with an increased risk of paediatric diabetes incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elten
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Isac Lima
- ICES UOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard T Burnett
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Stieb
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- ICES UOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric Crighton
- ICES UOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Mary Lou Decou
- Maternal & Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Luo
- Maternal & Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang T, Liu P, Sun X, Zhang C, Wang M, Xu J, Pu S, Huang L. Application of an advanced spatiotemporal model for PM 2.5 prediction in Jiangsu Province, China. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125563. [PMID: 31884232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Either long- or short-term of fine particle (PM2.5) exposure is associated with adverse health effects especially for children. Primary school students spend much time in schools whereas PM2.5 prediction for such fine-scale places remains a demanding task, let alone a combined prediction with high temporal resolution. The study aimed to estimate PM2.5 levels of different time scales for primary schools in Jiangsu Province, China. Hourly PM2.5 measurements within the academic year (Sept. 2016-June 2017) were collected from 72 routine monitoring sites. Together with PM2.5 emission inventory and dozens of geographic variables, an advanced spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) model was employed to estimate PM2.5 concentrations of biweekly, seasonal and academic year levels in Jiangsu Province at 2457 primary school locations. 10-fold cross-validation verified high prediction ability with squared correlations RCV2 of 0.72 for temporal and 0.71 for spatial changes. PM2.5 levels in primary schools in Nanjing and Nantong were >10% higher than that of the corresponding cities while pollution levels in primary schools in Xuzhou were >20% lower. For 10 out of the 13 cities in Jiangsu, PM2.5 levels for primary schools surpassed 70 μg/m3 in winter. Schools in Lianyungang, Zhenjiang and Huai'an suffered the most. This study demonstrated the fine-scale prediction ability of the novel spatiotemporal LUR model, as well as the potential and necessity to apply it in epidemiological studies. It also verified the emergency of pollution control for primary schools from cities such as Lianyungang and Zhenjiang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of the Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Turkalj M, Drkulec V, Haider S, Plavec D, Banić I, Malev O, Erceg D, Woodcock A, Nogalo B, Custovic A. Association of bacterial load in drinking water and allergic diseases in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:733-740. [PMID: 32270527 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of drinking water may decrease microbial exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether bacterial load in drinking water is associated with altered risk of allergic diseases. METHODS We recruited 1,110 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years between 2011 and 2013 in Požega-Slavonia County in Croatia, where we capitalized on a natural experiment whereby individuals receive drinking water through public mains supply or individual wells. We obtained data on microbial content of drinking water for all participants; 585 children were randomly selected for more detailed assessments, including skin prick testing. Since water supply was highly correlated with rural residence, we compared clinical outcomes across four groups (Rural/Individual, Rural/Public, Urban/Individual and Urban/Public). For each child, we derived quantitative index of microbial exposure (bacterial load in the drinking water measured during the child's first year of life). RESULTS Cumulative bacterial load in drinking water was higher (median [IQR]: 6390 [4190-9550] vs 0 [0-0]; P < .0001), and lifetime prevalence of allergic diseases was significantly lower among children with individual supply (5.5% vs 2.3%, P = .01; 14.4% vs 6.7%, P < .001; 25.2% vs 15.1%, P < .001; asthma, atopic dermatitis [AD] and rhinitis, respectively). Compared with the reference group (Urban/Public), there was a significant reduction in the risk of ever asthma, AD and rhinitis amongst rural children with individual supply: OR [95% CI]: 0.14 [0.03,0.67], P = .013; 0.20 [0.09,0.43], P < .001; 0.17 [0.10,0.32], P < .001. Protection was also observed in the Rural/Public group, but the effect was consistently highest among Rural/Individual children. In the quantitative analysis, the risk of allergic diseases decreased significantly with increasing bacterial load in drinking water in the first year of life (0.79 [0.70,0.88], P < .001; 0.90 [0.83,0.99], P = .025; 0.80 [0.74,0.86], P < .001; current wheeze, AD and rhinitis). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High commensal bacterial content in drinking water may protect against allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Turkalj
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian Catholic University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sadia Haider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Davor Plavec
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Banić
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Malev
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia.,Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Erceg
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian Catholic University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ashley Woodcock
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Boro Nogalo
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li X, Jia Y, Nan A, Zhang N, Zhou H, Chen L, Pan X, Qiu M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Ling Y, Jiang Y. CircRNA104250 and lncRNAuc001.dgp.1 promote the PM 2.5-induced inflammatory response by co-targeting miR-3607-5p in BEAS-2B cells. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113749. [PMID: 31864925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is closely related to the occurrence and development of airway inflammation. Exploration of the role of PM2.5 in inflammation is the first step towards clarifying the harmful effects of particulate pollution. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced airway inflammation are yet to be fully established. In this study, we focused on the specific roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in PM2.5-induced airway inflammation. In a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, PM2.5 at a concentration of 75 μg/mL induced the inflammatory response. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed significant upregulation of circRNA104250 and lncRNAuc001.dgp.1 during the PM2.5-induced inflammatory response in this cell line. Data from functional analyses further showed that both molecules promote an inflammatory response. CircRNA104250 and lncRNAuc001.dgp.1 target miR-3607-5p and affect expression of interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), which influences the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In summary, we have uncovered an underlying mechanism of airway inflammation by PM2.5 involving regulation of ncRNA for the first time, which provides further insights into the toxicological effects of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Aruo Nan
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hanyu Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiujiao Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Miaoyun Qiu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jialu Zhu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yihui Ling
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu X, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z. The Role and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Particulate Matter in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Perspective. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8254909. [PMID: 32411804 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8254909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, affects numerous people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM), either acutely or chronically, is associated with the exacerbation and incidence of pediatric asthma. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which PM contributes to the incidence of asthma remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize studies of relationships between PM and pediatric asthma and recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-related asthma, with emphases on cell death regulation and immune system responses. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on the prevention strategies for pediatric asthma.
Collapse
|
50
|
García-Hernández C, Ferrero A, Estarlich M, Ballester F. Exposure to ultrafine particles in children until 18 years of age: A systematic review. Indoor Air 2020; 30:7-23. [PMID: 31692140 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) have been related to adverse health effects, but exposure in vulnerable population groups such as children is still not well understood. We aim to review the scientific literature regarding personal exposure to UFP in different microenvironments in populations until 18 years of age. The bibliographical search was carried out in July 2019 using the online database PubMed and was completed with references in articles found in the search. We selected the studies that used continuous counters and measured UFP levels in both specific microenvironment (houses, schools, transport, etc) and personal exposure. Finally, 32 studies fulfilled the criteria: of these, 10 analyzed personal exposure and 22 examined UFP levels in the microenvironment (especially in schools or nurseries (18/22)) and five in various microenvironments (including dwellings and means of transport, where exposure levels were higher). The characteristics of the microenvironments with the greatest levels of UFP were being close to heavy traffic or near cooking and cleaning activities. This review revealed the wide differences in exposure assessment methodologies that could lead to a lack of uniform and comparable information about the real UFP exposure in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia García-Hernández
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Ferrero
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|