1
|
Zhao J, Zhao J. Maternal and zygotic ZFP57 regulate coronary vascular formation and myocardium maturation in mouse embryo. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:144-156. [PMID: 36004502 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic and epigenomic dynamics both play critical roles during embryogenesis. Zfp57 maintains genomic imprinting with both maternal and zygotic functions. In our previous study, we found that maternal and zygotic Zfp57 modulate NOTCH signaling during cardiac development. In this study, we investigated Zfp57 mutants from E11.5 to E13.5 to delineate its function during cardiac development. RESULTS Here, we describe novel roles of maternal and zygotic Zfp57 during cardiovascular system development. We found that maternal and zygotic Zfp57 was required for coronary vascular development. Maternal and zygotic loss of Zfp57 perturbed the sprouting of the sinus venosus-derived endothelial cells and led to underdeveloped coronary vasculature, meanwhile, there was an ectopic overproduction of blood islands over the ventricles. Furthermore, loss of Zfp57 and failed vasculature disturbed myocardium maturation. Loss of maternal and zygotic Zfp57 resulted in hyper trabeculation and failed myocardium compaction. Zfp57 zygotic mutant (M+ Z- ) hearts displayed noncompaction cardiomyopathy at E18.5. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that maternal and zygotic ZFP57 are essential for coronary vascular formation and myocardium maturation in mice. Our research provides evidence for the role of genomic imprinting during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruppert M, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Benczik B, Ágg B, Nagy D, Bálint T, Sayour AA, Oláh A, Barta BA, Benke K, Ferdinandy P, Karck M, Merkely B, Radovits T, Szabó G. Pressure overload-induced systolic heart failure is associated with characteristic myocardial microRNA expression signature and post-transcriptional gene regulation in male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16122. [PMID: 37752166 PMCID: PMC10522609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although systolic function characteristically shows gradual impairment in pressure overload (PO)-evoked left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), rapid progression to congestive heart failure (HF) occurs in distinct cases. The molecular mechanisms for the differences in maladaptation are unknown. Here, we examined microRNA (miRNA) expression and miRNA-driven posttranscriptional gene regulation in the two forms of PO-induced LVH (with/without systolic HF). PO was induced by aortic banding (AB) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Sham-operated animals were controls. The majority of AB animals demonstrated concentric LVH and slightly decreased systolic function (termed as ABLVH). In contrast, in some AB rats severely reduced ejection fraction, LV dilatation and increased lung weight-to-tibial length ratio was noted (referred to as ABHF). Global LV miRNA sequencing revealed fifty differentially regulated miRNAs in ABHF compared to ABLVH. Network theoretical miRNA-target analysis predicted more than three thousand genes with miRNA-driven dysregulation between the two groups. Seventeen genes with high node strength value were selected for target validation, of which five (Fmr1, Zfpm2, Wasl, Ets1, Atg16l1) showed decreased mRNA expression in ABHF by PCR. PO-evoked systolic HF is associated with unique miRNA alterations, which negatively regulate the mRNA expression of Fmr1, Zfmp2, Wasl, Ets1 and Atg16l1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Ruppert
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Benczik
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bálint
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint András Barta
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Benke
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Béla Merkely
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Afouda BA. Towards Understanding the Gene-Specific Roles of GATA Factors in Heart Development: Does GATA4 Lead the Way? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095255. [PMID: 35563646 PMCID: PMC9099915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play crucial roles in the regulation of heart induction, formation, growth and morphogenesis. Zinc finger GATA transcription factors are among the critical regulators of these processes. GATA4, 5 and 6 genes are expressed in a partially overlapping manner in developing hearts, and GATA4 and 6 continue their expression in adult cardiac myocytes. Using different experimental models, GATA4, 5 and 6 were shown to work together not only to ensure specification of cardiac cells but also during subsequent heart development. The complex involvement of these related gene family members in those processes is demonstrated through the redundancy among them and crossregulation of each other. Our recent identification at the genome-wide level of genes specifically regulated by each of the three family members and our earlier discovery that gata4 and gata6 function upstream, while gata5 functions downstream of noncanonical Wnt signalling during cardiac differentiation, clearly demonstrate the functional differences among the cardiogenic GATA factors. Such suspected functional differences are worth exploring more widely. It appears that in the past few years, significant advances have indeed been made in providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which each of these molecules function during heart development. In this review, I will therefore discuss current evidence of the role of individual cardiogenic GATA factors in the process of heart development and emphasize the emerging central role of GATA4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boni A Afouda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Linares-Pineda TM, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, Aguilar-Lineros F, Valdés S, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S. Epigenetic Biomarkers of Transition from Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Phenotype: A Prospective Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910417. [PMID: 34638758 PMCID: PMC8508854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying those parameters that could potentially predict the deterioration of metabolically healthy phenotype is a matter of debate. In this field, epigenetics, in particular DNA methylation deserves special attention. Results: The aim of the present study was to analyze the long-term evolution of methylation patterns in a subset of metabolically healthy subjects in order to search for epigenetic markers that could predict the progression to an unhealthy state. Twenty-six CpG sites were significantly differentially methylated, both at baseline and 11-year follow-up. These sites were related to 19 genes or pseudogenes; a more in-depth analysis of the methylation sites of these genes showed that CYP2E1 had 50% of the collected CpG sites differently methylated between stable metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and unstable MHO, followed by HLA-DRB1 (33%), ZBTB45 (16%), HOOK3 (14%), PLCZ1 (14%), SLC1A1 (12%), MUC2 (12%), ZFPM2 (12.5%) and HLA-DQB2 (8%). Pathway analysis of the selected 26 CpG sites showed enrichment in pathways linked to th1 and th2 activation, antigen presentation, allograft rejection signals and metabolic processes. Higher methylation levels in the cg20707527 (ZFPM2) could have a protective effect against the progression to unstable MHO (OR: 0.21, 95%CI (0.067–0.667), p < 0.0001), whilst higher methylation levels in cg11445109 (CYP2E1) would increase the progression to MUO; OR: 2.72, 95%CI (1.094–6.796), p < 0.0014; respectively). Conclusions: DNA methylation status is associated with the stability/worsening of MHO phenotype. Two potential biomarkers of the transition to an unhealthy state were identified and deserve further investigation (cg20707527 and cg11445109). Moreover, the described differences in methylation could alter immune system-related pathways, highlighting these pathways as therapeutic targets to prevent metabolic deterioration in MHO patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (T.M.L.-P.); (F.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa María Linares-Pineda
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (T.M.L.-P.); (F.A.-L.)
| | - Andres Gonzalez-Jimenez
- ECAI Bioinformática Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisca Aguilar-Lineros
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (T.M.L.-P.); (F.A.-L.)
| | - Sergio Valdés
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (S.V.); (F.S.); (G.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (S.V.); (F.S.); (G.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (S.V.); (F.S.); (G.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (T.M.L.-P.); (F.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (T.M.L.-P.); (F.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu TY, Chen XX, Liu QW, Ma FF, Huang HL, Zhou L, Zhang W. Loss of GATA4 C-Terminus by p.S335X Mutation Modulates Coronary Artery Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3698386. [PMID: 34545275 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3698386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is closely related with the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). We previously reported a truncated GATA4 protein lacking C-terminus induced by p.S335X mutation in cardiomyocyte from ventricular septal defect (VSD) patients. However, it is still unclear whether GATA4 p.S335X mutation could influence the development of CAD. GATA4 wild-type (WT) and p.S335X mutant (MU) overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected transiently into rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell (RCSMC) to observe the proliferative and migratory abilities by MTS and wound healing assay, respectively. PCR array was used to preliminarily detect the expression of phenotypic modulation-related genes, and QRT-PCR was then carried out to verify the screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results showed that, when stimulated by fetal bovine serum (10%) for 24 h or tumor necrosis factor-α (10 or 30 ng/ml) for 10 or 24 h, deletion of GATA4 C-terminus by p.S335X mutation in GATA4 enhanced the proliferation of RCSMC, without alteration of the migration capability. Twelve DEGs, including Fas, Hbegf, Itga5, Aimp1, Cxcl1, Il15, Il2rg, Il7, Tnfsf10, Il1r1, Irak1, and Tlr3, were screened and identified as phenotypic modulation-related genes. Our data might be beneficial for further exploration regarding the mechanisms of GATA4 p.S335X mutation on the phenotypic modulation of coronary VSMC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Tissue imaging in 3D using visible light is limited and various clearing techniques were developed to increase imaging depth, but none provides universal solution for all tissues at all developmental stages. In this review, we focus on different tissue clearing methods for 3D imaging of heart and vasculature, based on chemical composition (solvent-based, simple immersion, hyperhydration, and hydrogel embedding techniques). We discuss in detail compatibility of various tissue clearing techniques with visualization methods: fluorescence preservation, immunohistochemistry, nuclear staining, and fluorescent dyes vascular perfusion. We also discuss myocardium visualization using autofluorescence, tissue shrinking, and expansion. Then we overview imaging methods used to study cardiovascular system and live imaging. We discuss heart and vessels segmentation methods and image analysis. The review covers the whole process of cardiovascular system 3D imaging, starting from tissue clearing and its compatibility with various visualization methods to the types of imaging methods and resulting image analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kolesová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Gregorovičová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide and contributes to significant infant morbidity and mortality. Owing to major advances in medical and surgical management, as well as improved prenatal diagnosis, the outcomes for these children with CHD have improved tremendously so much so that there are now more adults living with CHD than children. Advances in genomic technologies have discovered the genetic causes of a significant fraction of CHD, while at the same time pointing to remarkable complexity in CHD genetics. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, which is governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is a well investigated process. In addition to the sequence of the genome, the contribution of epigenetics to cardiogenesis is increasingly recognized. Significant progress has been made dissecting the epigenome of the heart and identified associations with cardiovascular diseases. The role of epigenetic regulation in cardiac development/cardiogenesis, using tissue and animal models, has been well reviewed. Here, we curate the current literature based on studies in humans, which have revealed associated and/or causative epigenetic factors implicated in CHD. We sought to summarize the current knowledge on the functional role of epigenetics in cardiogenesis as well as in distinct CHDs, with an aim to provide scientists and clinicians an overview of the abnormal cardiogenic pathways affected by epigenetic mechanisms, for a better understanding of their impact on the developing fetal heart, particularly for readers interested in CHD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingsen Benson Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Sik Yin Roger Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leszczyński P, Śmiech M, Parvanov E, Watanabe C, Mizutani KI, Taniguchi H. Emerging Roles of PRDM Factors in Stem Cells and Neuronal System: Cofactor Dependent Regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 (Novel PRDM Factors). Cells 2020; 9:E2603. [PMID: 33291744 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1) (PR) homologous domain containing (PRDM) transcription factors are expressed in neuronal and stem cell systems, and they exert multiple functions in a spatiotemporal manner. Therefore, it is believed that PRDM factors cooperate with a number of protein partners to regulate a critical set of genes required for maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the expression of PRDM factors and function in stem cell and neuronal systems with a focus on cofactor-dependent regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2. We put special attention on summarizing the effects of the PRDM proteins interaction with chromatin modulators (NuRD complex and CtBPs) on the stem cell characteristic and neuronal differentiation. Although PRDM factors are known to possess intrinsic enzyme activity, our literature analysis suggests that cofactor-dependent regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 is also one of the important mechanisms to orchestrate bidirectional target gene regulation. Therefore, determining stem cell and neuronal-specific cofactors will help better understanding of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2-controlled stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation. Finally, we discuss the clinical aspect of these PRDM factors in different diseases including cancer. Overall, this review will help further sharpen our knowledge of the function of the PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 with hopes to open new research fields related to these factors in stem cell biology and neuroscience.
Collapse
|
9
|
Borasch K, Richardson K, Plendl J. Cardiogenesis with a focus on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:643-655. [PMID: 32319704 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial intraembryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the cardiogenic mesoderm. Here, a cell population of proendocardial cells detaches from the mesoderm that subsequently generates the single endocardial tube by forming vascular plexuses. In the course of embryogenesis, the endocardium retains vasculogenic, angiogenic and haematopoietic potential. The coronary blood vessels that sustain the rapidly expanding myocardium develop in the course of the formation of the cardiac loop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from progenitor cells of the proepicardial serosa at the venous pole of the heart as well as from the endocardium and endothelial cells of the sinus venosus. Prospective coronary endothelial cells and progenitor cells of the coronary blood vessel walls (smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells) originate from different cell populations that are in close spatial as well as regulatory connection with each other. Vasculo- and angiogenesis of the coronary blood vessels are for a large part regulated by the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells. Vasculogenic and angiogenic signalling pathways include the vascular endothelial growth factors, the angiopoietins and the fibroblast growth factors and their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Borasch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nath AP, Ritchie SC, Grinberg NF, Tang HHF, Huang QQ, Teo SM, Ahola-Olli AV, Würtz P, Havulinna AS, Santalahti K, Pitkänen N, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Seppälä I, Sarin AP, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Perola M, Viikari JS, Jalkanen S, Maksimow M, Salmi M, Wallace C, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Abraham G, Kettunen J, Inouye M. Multivariate Genome-wide Association Analysis of a Cytokine Network Reveals Variants with Widespread Immune, Haematological, and Cardiometabolic Pleiotropy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1076-1090. [PMID: 31679650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are essential regulatory components of the immune system, and their aberrant levels have been linked to many disease states. Despite increasing evidence that cytokines operate in concert, many of the physiological interactions between cytokines, and the shared genetic architecture that underlies them, remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on cytokines. Using three population-based cohorts (n = 9,263), we performed multivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for a correlation network of 11 circulating cytokines, then combined our results in meta-analysis. We identified a total of eight loci significantly associated with the cytokine network, of which two (PDGFRB and ABO) had not been detected previously. In addition, conditional analyses revealed a further four secondary signals at three known cytokine loci. Integration, through the use of Bayesian colocalization analysis, of publicly available GWAS summary statistics with the cytokine network associations revealed shared causal variants between the eight cytokine loci and other traits; in particular, cytokine network variants at the ABO, SERPINE2, and ZFPM2 loci showed pleiotropic effects on the production of immune-related proteins, on metabolic traits such as lipoprotein and lipid levels, on blood-cell-related traits such as platelet count, and on disease traits such as coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artika P Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Nastasiya F Grinberg
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Ho-Fung Tang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Qin Qin Huang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Ari V Ahola-Olli
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Peter Würtz
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Nightingale Health Ltd., Helsinki 00300, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Kristiina Santalahti
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mikael Maksimow
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Chris Wallace
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland; The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Gad Abraham
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland; Computational Medicine, Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maliken BD, Kanisicak O, Karch J, Khalil H, Fu X, Boyer JG, Prasad V, Zheng Y, Molkentin JD. Gata4-Dependent Differentiation of c-Kit +-Derived Endothelial Cells Underlies Artefactual Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the Heart. Circulation 2019; 138:1012-1024. [PMID: 29666070 PMCID: PMC6125755 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Although c-Kit+ adult progenitor cells were initially reported to produce new cardiomyocytes in the heart, recent genetic evidence suggests that such events are exceedingly rare. However, to determine if these rare events represent true de novo cardiomyocyte formation, we deleted the necessary cardiogenic transcription factors Gata4 and Gata6 from c-Kit–expressing cardiac progenitor cells. Methods: Kit allele–dependent lineage tracing and fusion analysis were performed in mice following simultaneous Gata4 and Gata6 cell type–specific deletion to examine rates of putative de novo cardiomyocyte formation from c-Kit+ cells. Bone marrow transplantation experiments were used to define the contribution of Kit allele–derived hematopoietic cells versus Kit lineage–dependent cells endogenous to the heart in contributing to apparent de novo lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. A Tie2CreERT2 transgene was also used to examine the global impact of Gata4 deletion on the mature cardiac endothelial cell network, which was further evaluated with select angiogenesis assays. Results: Deletion of Gata4 in Kit lineage–derived endothelial cells or in total endothelial cells using the Tie2CreERT2 transgene, but not from bone morrow cells, resulted in profound endothelial cell expansion, defective endothelial cell differentiation, leukocyte infiltration into the heart, and a dramatic increase in Kit allele–dependent lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. However, this increase in labeled cardiomyocytes was an artefact of greater leukocyte-cardiomyocyte cellular fusion because of defective endothelial cell differentiation in the absence of Gata4. Conclusions: Past identification of presumed de novo cardiomyocyte formation in the heart from c-Kit+ cells using Kit allele lineage tracing appears to be an artefact of labeled leukocyte fusion with cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Gata4 from c-Kit+ endothelial progenitor cells or adult endothelial cells negatively impacted angiogenesis and capillary network integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Maliken
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jason Karch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | | | - Justin G Boyer
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Z, Zhan Y, Chen W, Ma X, Sheng W, Huang G. Functional analysis of rare variants of GATA4 identified in Chinese patients with congenital heart defect. Genesis 2019; 57:e23333. [PMID: 31513339 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, affecting approximately 0.8% of live births. The transcription factor GATA4 has been known to play a key role in cardiac development. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing in nine unrelated CHD patients and found two rare deleterious missense variants in the GATA4 gene (c.C487T,p.P163S and c.C1223A,p.P408Q) (ExAC <0.001 and CADD >15) in three cases that were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, these two variants were screened for in an additional 226 patients with CHD and 206 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing, and no variants were observed. These two variants were predicted to be damaging to protein function using a functional prediction program. Co-IP indicated that both of the GATA4 variants (P163S and P408Q) blocked heterodimer formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein. Immunofluorescence showed that the two GATA4 variants diminished the colocalization formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein compared to that of WT protein. These findings indicate that the two rare variants of GATA4 might disturb its interaction with ZFPM2 and influence corresponding downstream gene activity, suggesting that the GATA4 variants may be associated with the pathogenesis of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkun Zhan
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lausser L, Siegle L, Rottbauer W, Frank D, Just S, Kestler HA. Semantic Multi-Classifier Systems Identify Predictive Processes in Heart Failure Models across Species. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E158. [PMID: 30486323 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic model organisms have the potential of removing blind spots from the underlying gene regulatory networks of human diseases. Allowing analyses under experimental conditions they complement the insights gained from observational data. An inevitable requirement for a successful trans-species transfer is an abstract but precise high-level characterization of experimental findings. In this work, we provide a large-scale analysis of seven weak contractility/heart failure genotypes of the model organism zebrafish which all share a weak contractility phenotype. In supervised classification experiments, we screen for discriminative patterns that distinguish between observable phenotypes (homozygous mutant individuals) as well as wild-type (homozygous wild-types) and carriers (heterozygous individuals). As the method of choice we use semantic multi-classifier systems, a knowledge-based approach which constructs hypotheses from a predefined vocabulary of high-level terms (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) terms). Evaluating these models leads to a compact description of the underlying processes and guides the screening for new molecular markers of heart failure. Furthermore, we were able to independently corroborate the identified processes in Wistar rats.
Collapse
|
14
|
Koopmans T, Rinkevich Y. Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
There are multiple intrinsic mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction ranging from molecular to structural derangements in ventricular myocardium. The molecular mechanisms regulating the progression from normal diastolic function to severe dysfunction still remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a potentially important role of core cardio-enriched transcription factors (TFs) in the control of cardiac diastolic function in health and disease through their ability to regulate the expression of target genes involved in the process of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. The current relevant findings on the role of a variety of such TFs (TBX5, GATA-4/6, SRF, MYOCD, NRF2, and PITX2) in cardiac diastolic dysfunction and failure are updated, emphasizing their potential as promising targets for novel treatment strategies. In turn, the new animal models described here will be key tools in determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Since diastolic dysfunction is regulated by various TFs, which are also involved in cross talk with each other, there is a need for more in-depth research from a biomedical perspective in order to establish efficient therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The embryonic diaphragm comprises four major structural components derived from the transverse septum, the dorsal foregut mesentery, the pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs), and the body wall. In this study, the appearance of PPFs and related factors were investigated using light microscopy of horizontal sections of rat fetuses from embryonic day 12 to 13. In rat fetuses, the sign of PPF projection was noted in the sidewall of the pericardioperitoneal canal at embryonic day 12, and was confirmed as folds at embryonic day 12.25. Expressions of GATA4, COUP-TF2, and FOG2 were detected in PPF at the early stage of formation. Localizations of these factors suggested that COUP-TF2 and FOG2 are the main factors in PPF appearance and that GATA4 is unlikely to be a main factor, although it is necessary for PPF formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwashita
- Laboratory of Anatomy II, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Motoharu Sakaue
- Laboratory of Anatomy II, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masako Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Anatomy II, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pursani V, Pethe P, Bashir M, Sampath P, Tanavde V, Bhartiya D. Genetic and Epigenetic Profiling Reveals EZH2-mediated Down Regulation of OCT-4 Involves NR2F2 during Cardiac Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13051. [PMID: 29026152 PMCID: PMC5638931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic (hES) stem cells are widely used as an in vitro model to understand global genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during early embryonic development. In-house derived hES cells (KIND1) were subjected to directed differentiation into cardiovascular progenitors (D12) and beating cardiomyocytes (D20). Transcriptome profiling of undifferentiated (D0) and differentiated (D12 and 20) cells was undertaken by microarray analysis. ChIP and sequential ChIP were employed to study role of transcription factor NR2F2 during hES cells differentiation. Microarray profiling showed that an alteration of about 1400 and 1900 transcripts occurred on D12 and D20 respectively compared to D0 whereas only 19 genes were altered between D12 and D20. This was found associated with corresponding expression pattern of chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, miRNAs and lncRNAs marking the formation of progenitors and cardiomyocytes on D12 and D20 respectively. ChIP sequencing and sequential ChIP revealed the binding of NR2F2 with polycomb group member EZH2 and pluripotent factor OCT4 indicating its crucial involvement in cardiac differentiation. The study provides a detailed insight into genetic and epigenetic changes associated with hES cells differentiation into cardiac cells and a role for NR2F2 is deciphered for the first time to down-regulate OCT-4 via EZH2 during cardiac differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Pursani
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Mohsin Bashir
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Prabha Sampath
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chai H, Yan Z, Huang K, Jiang Y, Zhang L. MicroRNA expression, target genes, and signaling pathways in infants with a ventricular septal defect. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:171-187. [PMID: 28822034 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between miRNA expression and the occurrence of ventricular septal defect (VSD), and characterize the miRNA target genes and pathways that can lead to VSD. The miRNAs that were differentially expressed in blood samples from VSD and normal infants were screened and validated by implementing miRNA microarrays and qRT-PCR. The target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using three target gene databases. The functions and signaling pathways of the target genes were enriched using the GO database and KEGG database, respectively. The transcription and protein expression of specific target genes in critical pathways were compared in the VSD and normal control groups using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the VSD group had 22 differentially expressed miRNAs; 19 were downregulated and three were upregulated. The 10,677 predicted target genes participated in many biological functions related to cardiac development and morphogenesis. Four target genes (mGLUR, Gq, PLC, and PKC) were involved in the PKC pathway and four (ECM, FAK, PI3 K, and PDK1) were involved in the PI3 K-Akt pathway. The transcription and protein expression of these eight target genes were significantly upregulated in the VSD group. The 22 miRNAs that were dysregulated in the VSD group were mainly downregulated, which may result in the dysregulation of several key genes and biological functions related to cardiac development. These effects could also be exerted via the upregulation of eight specific target genes, the subsequent over-activation of the PKC and PI3 K-Akt pathways, and the eventual abnormal cardiac development and VSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kardon G, Ackerman KG, McCulley DJ, Shen Y, Wynn J, Shang L, Bogenschutz E, Sun X, Chung WK. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias: from genes to mechanisms to therapies. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:955-970. [PMID: 28768736 PMCID: PMC5560060 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) and structural anomalies of the diaphragm are a common class of congenital birth defects that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. In ∼30% of CDH patients, genomic analyses have identified a range of genetic defects, including chromosomal anomalies, copy number variants and sequence variants. The affected genes identified in CDH patients include transcription factors, such as GATA4, ZFPM2, NR2F2 and WT1, and signaling pathway components, including members of the retinoic acid pathway. Mutations in these genes affect diaphragm development and can have pleiotropic effects on pulmonary and cardiac development. New therapies, including fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion and prenatal transplacental fetal treatments, aim to normalize lung development and pulmonary vascular tone to prevent and treat lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Studies of the association between particular genetic mutations and clinical outcomes should allow us to better understand the origin of this birth defect and to improve our ability to predict and identify patients most likely to benefit from specialized treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kate G Ackerman
- Departments of Pediatrics (Critical Care) and Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Linshan Shang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Bogenschutz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bardot E, Calderon D, Santoriello F, Han S, Cheung K, Jadhav B, Burtscher I, Artap S, Jain R, Epstein J, Lickert H, Gouon-Evans V, Sharp AJ, Dubois NC. Foxa2 identifies a cardiac progenitor population with ventricular differentiation potential. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14428. [PMID: 28195173 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of progenitor populations that contribute to the developing heart in a distinct spatial and temporal manner has fundamentally improved our understanding of cardiac development. However, the mechanisms that direct atrial versus ventricular specification remain largely unknown. Here we report the identification of a progenitor population that gives rise primarily to cardiovascular cells of the ventricles and only to few atrial cells (<5%) of the differentiated heart. These progenitors are specified during gastrulation, when they transiently express Foxa2, a gene not previously implicated in cardiac development. Importantly, Foxa2+ cells contribute to previously identified progenitor populations in a defined pattern and ratio. Lastly, we describe an analogous Foxa2+ population during differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Together, these findings provide insight into the developmental origin of ventricular and atrial cells, and may lead to the establishment of new strategies for generating chamber-specific cell types from pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Park JK, Peng H, Yang W, Katsnelson J, Volpert O, Lavker RM. miR-184 exhibits angiostatic properties via regulation of Akt and VEGF signaling pathways. FASEB J 2017; 31:256-265. [PMID: 27825105 PMCID: PMC5161520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600746r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corneal avascularity is critical for achieving transparency necessary for proper transmission of light to the lens and visual acuity. Although much is known about angiogenesis and angiostasis, the precise regulation of these processes in the cornea is unclear. MicroRNA (miR)-184, the most abundant corneal epithelial miRNA, has been suggested to function in corneal angiostasis by altering VEGF signaling; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this regulation have not been addressed. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate angiogenesis, we demonstrated that human limbal epithelial keratinocytes (HLEKs) engineered to overexpress miR-184 secreted lower amounts of angiogenic mitogens. Human dermal microvascular cells exposed to conditioned medium from miR-184-overexpressing HLEKs were less proliferative and failed to seal linear scratch wounds. The in vivo Matrigel plug assay showed that conditioned medium from miR-184-expressing HLEKs elicited a lesser degree of neovascularization compared with controls. We found that miR-184 directly targets and represses the proangiogenic factors, friend of Gata 2 (FOG2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β, and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2b (PPAP2B). FOG2 regulates VEGF expression, whereas PDGF-β and PPAP2B regulate Akt activity. By attenuating both VEGF and Akt signaling, miR-184 acts as a broad-spectrum negative regulator of corneal angiogenesis.-Park, J. K., Peng, H., Yang, W., Katsnelson, J., Volpert, O., Lavker, R. M. miR-184 exhibits angiostatic properties via regulation of Akt and VEGF signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kook Park
- Department of Dermatology Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julia Katsnelson
- Department of Dermatology, New York Metropolitan Hospital, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Olga Volpert
- Department of Urology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of death worldwide and involves the accumulation of plaques within the artery wall that can occlude blood flow to the heart and cause myocardial infarction. The high mortality associated with CAD makes the development of medical interventions that repair and replace diseased arteries a high priority for the cardiovascular research community. Advancements in arterial regenerative medicine could benefit from a detailed understanding of coronary artery development during embryogenesis and of how these pathways might be reignited during disease. Recent research has advanced our knowledge on how the coronary vasculature is built and revealed unexpected features of progenitor cell deployment that may have implications for organogenesis in general. Here, we highlight these recent findings and discuss how they set the stage to interrogate developmental pathways during injury and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang X, Stroud MJ, Ouyang K, Fang L, Zhang J, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Wu T, Peterson KL, Huang HD, Chen J, Wang N. Adipocyte-specific loss of PPAR γ attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89908. [PMID: 27734035 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a key endocrine organ that governs systemic homeostasis. PPARγ is a master regulator of adipose tissue signaling that plays an essential role in insulin sensitivity, making it an important therapeutic target. The selective PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) has been used to treat diabetes. However, adverse cardiovascular effects have seriously hindered its clinical application. Experimental models have revealed that PPARγ activation increases cardiac hypertrophy. RSG stimulates cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in cardiomyocyte-specific PPARγ knockout mice, implying that RSG might stimulate cardiac hypertrophy independently of cardiomyocyte PPARγ. However, candidate cell types responsible for RSG-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remain unexplored. Utilizing cocultures of adipocytes and cardiomyocytes, we found that stimulation of PPARγ signaling in adipocytes increased miR-200a expression and secretion. Delivery of miR-200a in adipocyte-derived exosomes to cardiomyocytes resulted in decreased TSC1 and subsequent mTOR activation, leading to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Treatment with an antagomir to miR-200a blunted this hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes. In vivo, specific ablation of PPARγ in adipocytes was sufficient to blunt hypertrophy induced by RSG treatment. By delineating mechanisms by which RSG elicits cardiac hypertrophy, we have identified pathways that mediate the crosstalk between adipocytes and cardiomyocytes to regulate cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Stroud
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Li Fang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo Y, Yu J, Deng J, Liu B, Xiao Y, Li K, Xiao F, Yuan F, Liu Y, Chen S, Guo F. A Novel Function of Hepatic FOG2 in Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism Through PPARα. Diabetes 2016; 65:2151-63. [PMID: 27207553 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Friend of GATA 2 (FOG2) is a transcriptional cofactor involved mostly in cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hepatic FOG2 in insulin sensitivity and lipid accumulation. FOG2 overexpression by adenovirus-expressing FOG2 (Ad-FOG2) significantly attenuates insulin signaling in hepatocytes in vitro. Opposite effects were observed when FOG2 was knocked down through adenovirus-expressing small hairpin RNA for FOG2 (Ad-shFOG2). Furthermore, FOG2 knockdown by Ad-shFOG2 ameliorated insulin resistance in leptin receptor-mutated (db/db) mice, and FOG2 overexpression by Ad-FOG2 attenuated insulin sensitivity in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, Ad-FOG2 reduced, whereas Ad-shFOG2 promoted, hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in WT mice under fed or fasted conditions, which was associated with increased or decreased hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression, respectively. Moreover, the improved insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic TG accumulation by Ad-shFOG2 were largely reversed by adenovirus-expressing PPARα (Ad-PPARα) in WT mice. Finally, we generated FOG2 liver-specific knockout mice and found that they exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity and elevated hepatic TG accumulation, which were also reversed by Ad-PPARα. Taken together, the results demonstrate a novel function of hepatic FOG2 in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism through PPARα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cardiac developmental disorders represent the most common of human birth defects, and anomalies in cardiomyocyte proliferation drive many of these disorders. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of prenatal cardiac growth. Trabeculation represents the initial ventricular growth phase and is necessary for embryonic survival. Later in development, the bulk of the ventricular wall derives from the compaction process, yet the arrest of this process can still be compatible with life. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth form the basis of both trabeculation and compaction, and mouse models indicate that cardiomyocyte interactions with the surrounding environment are critical for these proliferative processes. The human genetics of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy suggest that cardiomyocyte cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to the compaction process. Understanding the determinants of prenatal or early postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth provides critical information that identifies risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and its associated complications of arrhythmias and thromboembolic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wilsbacher
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine, and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine, and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nemer
- From the Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- From the Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Borok MJ, Papaioannou VE, Sussel L. Unique functions of Gata4 in mouse liver induction and heart development. Dev Biol 2015; 410:213-222. [PMID: 26687508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gata4 and Gata6 are closely related transcription factors that are essential for the development of a number of embryonic tissues. While they have nearly identical DNA-binding domains and similar patterns of expression, Gata4 and Gata6 null embryos have strikingly different embryonic lethal phenotypes. To determine whether the lack of redundancy is due to differences in protein function or Gata4 and Gata6 expression domains, we generated mice that contained the Gata6 cDNA in place of the Gata4 genomic locus. Gata4(Gata6/Gata6) embryos survived through embryonic day (E)12.5 and successfully underwent ventral folding morphogenesis, demonstrating that Gata6 is able to replace Gata4 function in extraembryonic tissues. Surprisingly, Gata6 is unable to replace Gata4 function in the septum transversum mesenchyme or the epicardium, leading to liver agenesis and lethal heart defects in Gata4(Gata6/Gata6) embryos. These studies suggest that Gata4 has evolved distinct functions in the development of these tissues that cannot be performed by Gata6, even when it is provided in the identical expression domain. Our work has important implications for the respective mechanisms of Gata function during development, as well as the functional evolution of these essential transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Borok
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Coronary artery disease causes acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Identifying coronary vascular progenitors and their developmental program could inspire novel regenerative treatments for cardiac diseases. The developmental origins of the coronary vessels have been shrouded in mystery and debated for several decades. Recent identification of progenitors for coronary vessels within the endocardium, epicardium, and sinus venosus provides new insights into this question. In addition, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the cellular and molecular programs that orchestrate coronary artery development. Establishing adequate vascular supply will be an essential component of cardiac regenerative strategies, and these findings raise exciting new strategies for therapeutic cardiac revascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tian
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (X.T., B.Z.) and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science (B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - William T Pu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (X.T., B.Z.) and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science (B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (X.T., B.Z.) and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science (B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Harris JP, Bhakta M, Bezprozvannaya S, Wang L, Lubczyk C, Olson EN, Munshi NV. MyoR modulates cardiac conduction by repressing Gata4. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:649-61. [PMID: 25487574 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00860-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system coordinates electrical activation through a series of interconnected structures, including the atrioventricular node (AVN), the central connection point that delays impulse propagation to optimize cardiac performance. Although recent studies have uncovered important molecular details of AVN formation, relatively little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate AV delay, the primary function of the mature AVN. We identify here MyoR as a novel transcription factor expressed in Cx30.2(+) cells of the AVN. We show that MyoR specifically inhibits a Cx30.2 enhancer required for AVN-specific gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MyoR interacts directly with Gata4 to mediate transcriptional repression. Our studies reveal that MyoR contains two nonequivalent repression domains. While the MyoR C-terminal repression domain inhibits transcription in a context-dependent manner, the N-terminal repression domain can function in a heterologous context to convert the Hand2 activator into a repressor. In addition, we show that genetic deletion of MyoR in mice increases Cx30.2 expression by 50% and prolongs AV delay by 13%. Taken together, we conclude that MyoR modulates a Gata4-dependent regulatory circuit that establishes proper AV delay, and these findings may have wider implications for the variability of cardiac rhythm observed in the general population.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Although the functional significance of the metastasic tumor antigen (MTA) family of chromatin remodeling proteins in the pathobiology of cancer is fairly well recognized, the physiological role of MTA proteins continues to be an understudied research area and is just beginning to be recognized. Similar to cancer cells, MTA1 also modulates the expression of target genes in normal cells either by acting as a corepressor or coactivator. In addition, physiological functions of MTA proteins are likely to be influenced by its differential expression, subcellular localization, and regulation by upstream modulators and extracellular signals. This review summarizes our current understanding of the physiological functions of the MTA proteins in model systems. In particular, we highlight recent advances of the role MTA proteins play in the brain, eye, circadian rhythm, mammary gland biology, spermatogenesis, liver, immunomodulation and inflammation, cellular radio-sensitivity, and hematopoiesis and differentiation. Based on the growth of knowledge regarding the exciting new facets of the MTA family of proteins in biology and medicine, we speculate that the next burst of findings in this field may reveal further molecular regulatory insights of non-redundant functions of MTA coregulators in the normal physiology as well as in pathological conditions outside cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
He L, Tian X, Zhang H, Hu T, Huang X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhou B. BAF200 is required for heart morphogenesis and coronary artery development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109493. [PMID: 25299188 PMCID: PMC4192121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes utilize ATP hydrolysis to non-covalently change nucleosome-DNA interactions and are essential in stem cell development, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical studies show that SWI/SNF in mammalian cells can be divided into two subcomplexes BAF and PBAF based on the subunit composition. ARID2 or BAF200 has been defined as an intrinsic subunit of PBAF complex. However, the function of BAF200 in vivo is not clear. To dissect the possible role of BAF200 in regulating embryogenesis and organ development, we generated BAF200 mutant mice and found they were embryonic lethal. BAF200 mutant embryos exhibited multiple cardiac defects including thin myocardium, ventricular septum defect, common atrioventricular valve, and double outlet right ventricle around E14.5. Moreover, we also detected reduced intramyocardial coronary arteries in BAF200 mutants, suggesting that BAF200 is required for proper migration and differentiation of subepicardial venous cells into arterial endothelial cells. Our work revealed that PBAF complex plays a critical role in heart morphogenesis and coronary artery angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen HI, Poduri A, Numi H, Kivela R, Saharinen P, McKay AS, Raftrey B, Churko J, Tian X, Zhou B, Wu JC, Alitalo K, Red-Horse K. VEGF-C and aortic cardiomyocytes guide coronary artery stem development. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4899-914. [PMID: 25271623 DOI: 10.1172/jci77483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteries (CAs) stem from the aorta at 2 highly stereotyped locations, deviations from which can cause myocardial ischemia and death. CA stems form during embryogenesis when peritruncal blood vessels encircle the cardiac outflow tract and invade the aorta, but the underlying patterning mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using murine models, we demonstrated that VEGF-C-deficient hearts have severely hypoplastic peritruncal vessels, resulting in delayed and abnormally positioned CA stems. We observed that VEGF-C is widely expressed in the outflow tract, while cardiomyocytes develop specifically within the aorta at stem sites where they surround maturing CAs in both mouse and human hearts. Mice heterozygous for islet 1 (Isl1) exhibited decreased aortic cardiomyocytes and abnormally low CA stems. In hearts with outflow tract rotation defects, misplaced stems were associated with shifted aortic cardiomyocytes, and myocardium induced ectopic connections with the pulmonary artery in culture. These data support a model in which CA stem development first requires VEGF-C to stimulate vessel growth around the outflow tract. Then, aortic cardiomyocytes facilitate interactions between peritruncal vessels and the aorta. Derangement of either step can lead to mispatterned CA stems. Studying this niche for cardiomyocyte development, and its relationship with CAs, has the potential to identify methods for stimulating vascular regrowth as a treatment for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Li D, Ji L, Liu L, Liu Y, Hou H, Yu K, Sun Q, Zhao Z. Characterization of circulating microRNA expression in patients with a ventricular septal defect. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106318. [PMID: 25165856 PMCID: PMC4148428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ventricular septal defect (VSD), one of the most common types of congenital heart disease (CHD), results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in development of CHD. This study was to characterize the expression of miRNAs that might be involved in the development or reflect the consequences of VSD. METHODS MiRNA microarray analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to determine the miRNA expression profile from 3 patients with VSD and 3 VSD-free controls. 3 target gene databases were employed to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNAs that were generally consensus across the three databases were selected and then independently validated using real time PCR in plasma samples from 20 VSD patients and 15 VSD-free controls. Target genes of validated 8 miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatic methods. RESULTS 36 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the patients with VSD and the VSD-free controls. Compared with VSD-free controls, expression of 15 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were downregulated in the VSD group. 15 miRNAs were selected based on database analysis results and expression levels of 8 miRNAs were validated. The results of the real time PCR were consistent with those of the microarray analysis. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the top target genes were mainly related to cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis. NOTCH1, HAND1, ZFPM2, and GATA3 were predicted as targets of hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p and hsa-miR-433. CONCLUSION We report for the first time the circulating miRNA profile for patients with VSD and showed that 7 miRNAs were downregulated and 1 upregulated when matched to VSD-free controls. Analysis revealed target genes involved in cardiac development were probably regulated by these miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long Ji
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lianbo Liu
- Tai’an Children’s Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kunkun Yu
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongtang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tian X, Hu T, Zhang H, He L, Huang X, Liu Q, Yu W, He L, Yang Z, Yan Y, Yang X, Zhong TP, Pu WT, Zhou B. Vessel formation. De novo formation of a distinct coronary vascular population in neonatal heart. Science 2014; 345:90-4. [PMID: 24994653 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal coronary vessels have been viewed as developing through expansion of vessels formed during the fetal period. Using genetic lineage tracing, we found that a substantial portion of postnatal coronary vessels arise de novo in the neonatal mouse heart, rather than expanding from preexisting embryonic vasculature. Our data show that lineage conversion of neonatal endocardial cells during trabecular compaction generates a distinct compartment of the coronary circulation located within the inner half of the ventricular wall. This lineage conversion occurs within a brief period after birth and provides an efficient means of rapidly augmenting the coronary vasculature. This mechanism of postnatal coronary vascular growth provides avenues for understanding and stimulating cardiovascular regeneration following injury and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - William T Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, von Gise A, Liu Q, Hu T, Tian X, He L, Pu W, Huang X, He L, Cai CL, Camargo FD, Pu WT, Zhou B. Yap1 is required for endothelial to mesenchymal transition of the atrioventricular cushion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18681-92. [PMID: 24831012 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac malformations due to aberrant development of the atrioventricular (AV) valves are among the most common forms of congenital heart diseases. Normally, heart valve mesenchyme is formed from an endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endothelial cells of the endocardial cushions. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) has been reported to regulate EMT in vitro, in addition to its known role as a major regulator of organ size and cell proliferation in vertebrates, leading us to hypothesize that YAP1 is required for heart valve development. We tested this hypothesis by conditional inactivation of YAP1 in endothelial cells and their derivatives. This resulted in markedly hypocellular endocardial cushions due to impaired formation of heart valve mesenchyme by EMT and to reduced endocardial cell proliferation. In endothelial cells, TGFβ induces nuclear localization of Smad2/3/4 complex, which activates expression of Snail, Twist1, and Slug, key transcription factors required for EMT. YAP1 interacts with this complex, and loss of YAP1 disrupts TGFβ-induced up-regulation of Snail, Twist1, and Slug. Together, our results identify a role of YAP1 in regulating EMT through modulation of TGFβ-Smad signaling and through proliferative activity during cardiac cushion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Alexander von Gise
- the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, 30669 Hannover, Germany
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang He
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology of the Child Health and Development Institute, the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and
| | - William T Pu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Brady PD, Van Houdt J, Callewaert B, Deprest J, Devriendt K, Vermeesch JR. Exome sequencing identifies ZFPM2 as a cause of familial isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and possibly cardiovascular malformations. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:247-52. [PMID: 24769157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using exome sequencing we identify a heterozygous nonsense mutation in ZFPM2 as a cause of familial isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 2 affected siblings. This mutation displays variable phenotypic expression being present in a third sibling with a mild diaphragmatic eventration and a cardiovascular malformation. The same variant is seen in 2 additional family members, both of whom are asymptomatic, thus highlighting that ZFPM2 haploinsufficiency is associated with reduced penetrance. Our finding adds further evidence for ZFPM2 having a role in diaphragm and cardiovascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Brady
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houdt
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Unit Pregnancy, Foetus and Newborn, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang Y, Ahn YH, Chen Y, Tan X, Guo L, Gibbons DL, Ungewiss C, Peng DH, Liu X, Lin SH, Thilaganathan N, Wistuba II, Rodriguez-Canales J, McLendon G, Creighton CJ, Kurie JM. ZEB1 sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis suppression by PI3K antagonism. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2696-708. [PMID: 24762440 DOI: 10.1172/jci72171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tumor cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are typically prone to metastasis and drug resistance and contribute to a poor clinical outcome. The transcription factor ZEB1 is a known driver of EMT, and mediators of ZEB1 represent potential therapeutic targets for metastasis suppression. Here, we have shown that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-targeted (PI3K-targeted) therapy suppresses metastasis in a mouse model of Kras/Tp53-mutant lung adenocarcinoma that develops metastatic disease due to high expression of ZEB1. In lung adenocarcinoma cells from Kras/Tp53-mutant animals and human lung cancer cell lines, ZEB1 activated PI3K by derepressing miR-200 targets, including amphiregulin (AREG), betacellulin (BTC), and the transcription factor GATA6, which stimulated an EGFR/ERBB2 autocrine loop. Additionally, ZEB1-dependent derepression of the miR-200 and miR-183 target friend of GATA 2 (FOG2) enhanced GATA3-induced expression of the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K. Knockdown of FOG2, p110α, and RHEB ameliorated invasive and metastatic propensities of tumor cells. Surprisingly, FOG2 was not required for mesenchymal differentiation, suggesting that mesenchymal differentiation and invasion are distinct and separable processes. Together, these results indicate that ZEB1 sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma cells to metastasis suppression by PI3K-targeted therapy and suggest that treatments to selectively modify the metastatic behavior of mesenchymal tumor cells are feasible and may be of clinical value.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang X, Niu W, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Xu Z, Liu J, Su Z, Ding W, Zhang H. Identification of novel significant variants of ZFPM2/FOG2 in non-syndromic Tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle in a Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2671-7. [PMID: 24469719 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and double outlet right ventricle (DORV) are two common subtypes of conotruncal defects. Recent reports have implicated mutations in the zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 (ZFPM2/FOG2) as a cause of TOF/DORV, but no current literature focuses on the relationship between ZFPM2/FOG2 gene and non-syndromic TOF and DORV in Chinese Han population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence and the prevalence of ZFPM2/FOG2 genetic variants in Chinese Han population with non-syndromic TOF and DORV and to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with ZFPM2/FOG2 mutations. The whole exons of ZFPM2/FOG2 were sequenced in 98 non-syndromic TOF/DORV patients and 200 control subjects. All the six variants (G2482A, G1552A, A2107C, C452T, C3239T, C1208G) changed the amino acid (p.Val828Met, p.Ala518Thr, p.Met703Leu, p.Thr151Ile, p.Ser1080Phe, p.Ala403Gly), in which four variants (G2482A, C452T, G1552A, C3239T) were not reported before and absent in control subjects. Further analysis revealed that only occurrences of variants G2482A and A2107C had statistical significance compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence regarding the susceptibility of the ZFPM2 gene to the development of non-syndromic TOF/DORV. It suggests that ZFPM2/FOG2 genetic variants may be a novel potential bio-markers and treatment targets for the non-syndromic TOF and DORV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Huang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Dongfang Road 1678, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kolander KD, Holtz ML, Cossette SM, Duncan SA, Misra RP. Epicardial GATA factors regulate early coronary vascular plexus formation. Dev Biol 2014; 386:204-15. [PMID: 24380800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During early development, GATA factors have been shown to be important for key events of coronary vasculogenesis, including formation of the epicardium. Myocardial GATA factors are required for coronary vascular (CV) formation; however, the role of epicardial localized GATAs in this process has not been addressed. The current study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the epicardium controls coronary vasculogenesis, focusing on the role of epicardial GATAs in establishing the endothelial plexus during early coronary vasculogenesis. To address the role of epicardial GATAs, we ablated GATA4 and GATA6 transcription factors specifically from the mouse epicardium and found that the number of endothelial cells in the sub-epicardium was drastically reduced, and concomitant coronary vascular plexus formation was significantly compromised. Here we present evidence for a novel role for epicardial GATA factors in controlling plexus formation by recruiting endothelial cells to the sub-epicardium.
Collapse
|
40
|
Brady PD, DeKoninck P, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Deprest JA, Vermeesch JR. Identification of dosage-sensitive genes in fetuses referred with severe isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 2013; 33:1283-92. [PMID: 24122781 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a fetal abnormality affecting diaphragm and lung development with a high mortality rate despite advances in fetal and neonatal therapy. CDH may occur either as an isolated defect or in syndromic form for which the prognosis is worse. Although conventional karyotyping and, more recently, chromosomal microarrays support a substantial role for genetic factors, causal genes responsible for isolated CDH remain elusive. We propose that chromosomal microarray analysis will identify copy number variations (CNVs) associated with isolated CDH. METHODS We perform a prospective genome-wide screen for CNVs using chromosomal microarrays on 75 fetuses referred with apparently isolated CDH, six of which were later reclassified as non-isolated CDH. RESULTS The results pinpoint haploinsufficiency of NR2F2 as a cause of CDH and cardiovascular malformations. In addition, the 15q25.2 and 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletions are associated with isolated CDH. By using gene prioritisation and network analysis, we provide strong evidence for several novel dosage-sensitive candidate genes associated with CDH. CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal microarray analysis detects submicroscopic CNVs associated with isolated CDH or CDH with cardiovascular malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Brady
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven/University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rawnsley DR, Xiao J, Lee JS, Liu X, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Kumar V, He J, Basu A, Lu M, Lynn FC, Pack M, Gasa R, Kahn ML. The transcription factor Atonal homolog 8 regulates Gata4 and Friend of Gata-2 during vertebrate development. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24429-40. [PMID: 23836893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA and Friend of GATA (FOG) form a transcriptional complex that plays a key role in cardiovascular development in both fish and mammals. In the present study we demonstrate that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Atonal homolog 8 (Atoh8) is required for development of the heart in fish but not in mice. Genetic studies reveal that Atoh8 interacts specifically with Gata4 and Fog1 during development of the heart and swim bladder in the fish. Biochemical studies reveal that ATOH8, GATA4, and FOG2 associate in a single complex in vitro. In contrast to fish, ATOH8-deficient mice exhibit normal cardiac development and loss of ATOH8 does not alter cardiac development in Gata4(+/-) mice. This species difference in the role of ATOH8 is explained in part by LacZ and GFP reporter alleles that reveal restriction of Atoh8 expression to atrial but not ventricular myocardium in the mouse. Our findings identify ATOH8 as a novel regulator of GATA-FOG function that is required for cardiac development in the fish but not the mouse. Whether ATOH8 modulates GATA-FOG function at other sites or in more subtle ways in mammals is not yet known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Rawnsley
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tian X, Hu T, Zhang H, He L, Huang X, Liu Q, Yu W, He L, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhong TP, Yang X, Yang Z, Yan Y, Baldini A, Sun Y, Lu J, Schwartz RJ, Evans SM, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Red-Horse K, Zhou B. Subepicardial endothelial cells invade the embryonic ventricle wall to form coronary arteries. Cell Res 2013; 23:1075-90. [PMID: 23797856 PMCID: PMC3760626 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteries bring blood flow to the heart muscle. Understanding the developmental program of the coronary arteries provides insights into the treatment of coronary artery diseases. Multiple sources have been described as contributing to coronary arteries including the proepicardium, sinus venosus (SV), and endocardium. However, the developmental origins of coronary vessels are still under intense study. We have produced a new genetic tool for studying coronary development, an AplnCreER mouse line, which expresses an inducible Cre recombinase specifically in developing coronary vessels. Quantitative analysis of coronary development and timed induction of AplnCreER fate tracing showed that the progenies of subepicardial endothelial cells (ECs) both invade the compact myocardium to form coronary arteries and remain on the surface to produce veins. We found that these subepicardial ECs are the major sources of intramyocardial coronary vessels in the developing heart. In vitro explant assays indicate that the majority of these subepicardial ECs arise from endocardium of the SV and atrium, but not from ventricular endocardium. Clonal analysis of Apln-positive cells indicates that a single subepicardial EC contributes equally to both coronary arteries and veins. Collectively, these data suggested that subepicardial ECs are the major source of intramyocardial coronary arteries in the ventricle wall, and that coronary arteries and veins have a common origin in the developing heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The development of complex organisms requires the formation of diverse cell types from common stem and progenitor cells. GATA family transcriptional regulators and their dedicated co-factors, termed Friend of GATA (FOG) proteins, control cell fate and differentiation in multiple tissue types from Drosophila to man. FOGs can both facilitate and antagonize GATA factor transcriptional regulation depending on the factor, cell, and even the specific gene target. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have elucidated mechanisms by which FOGs regulate GATA factor function and discuss how these factors use these diverse modes of gene regulation to control cell lineage specification throughout metazoans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Chlon
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin FJ, You LR, Yu CT, Hsu WH, Tsai MJ, Tsai SY. Endocardial cushion morphogenesis and coronary vessel development require chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e135-46. [PMID: 22962329 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Septal defects and coronary vessel anomalies are common congenital heart defects, yet their ontogeny and the underlying genetic mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII, NR2F2) in cardiac organogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed embryos deficient in COUP-TFII and observed a spectrum of cardiac defects, including atrioventricular septal defect, thin-walled myocardium, and abnormal coronary morphogenesis. We show by expression analysis that COUP-TFII is expressed in the endocardium and the epicardium but not in the myocardium of the ventricle. Using endothelial-specific COUP-TFII mutants and molecular approaches, we show that COUP-TFII deficiency resulted in endocardial cushion hypoplasia. This was attributed to the reduced growth and survival of atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells and defective epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in the underlying endocardium. In addition, the endocardial EMT defect was accompanied by downregulation of Snai1, one of the master regulators of EMT, and upregulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin. Furthermore, we show that although COUP-TFII does not play a major role in the formation of epicardial cell cysts, it is critically important for the formation of epicardium. Ablation of COUP-TFII impairs epicardial EMT and coronary plexus formation. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that COUP-TFII plays cell-autonomous roles in the endocardium and the epicardium for endocardial and epicardial EMT, which are required for proper valve and coronary vessel formation during heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) converts epithelial cells to mobile and developmentally plastic mesenchymal cells. All cells in the heart arise from one or more EMTs. Endocardial and epicardial EMTs produce most of the noncardiomyocyte lineages of the mature heart. Endocardial EMT generates valve progenitor cells and is necessary for formation of the cardiac valves and for complete cardiac septation. Epicardial EMT is required for myocardial growth and coronary vessel formation, and it generates cardiac fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, a subset of coronary endothelial cells, and possibly a subset of cardiomyocytes. Emerging studies suggest that these developmental mechanisms are redeployed in adult heart valve disease, in cardiac fibrosis, and in myocardial responses to ischemic injury. Redirection and amplification of disease-related EMTs offer potential new therapeutic strategies and approaches for treatment of heart disease. Here, we review the role and molecular regulation of endocardial and epicardial EMT in fetal heart development, and we summarize key literature implicating reactivation of endocardial and epicardial EMT in adult heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Gise
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xiang R, Lei H, Chen M, Li Q, Sun H, Ai J, Chen T, Wang H, Fang Y, Zhou Q. The miR-17-92 cluster regulates FOG-2 expression and inhibits proliferation of mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:131-8. [PMID: 22267003 PMCID: PMC3854259 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gradually been recognized as regulators of embryonic development; however, relatively few miRNAs have been identified that regulate cardiac development. A series of recent papers have established an essential role for the miRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster of miRNAs in the development of the heart. Previous research has shown that the Friend of Gata-2 (FOG-2) is critical for cardiac development. To investigate the possibility that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates FOG-2 expression and inhibits proliferation in mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes we initially used bioinformatics to analyze 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of FOG-2 to predict the potential of miR-17-92 to target it. We used luciferase assays to demonstrate that miR-17-5p and miR-20a of miR-17-92 interact with the predicted target sites in the 3'UTR of FOG-2. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to demonstrate the post-transcriptional regulation of FOG-2 by miR-17-92 in embryonic cardiomyocytes from E12.5-day pregnant C57BL/6J mice. Finally, EdU cell assays together with the FOG-2 rescue strategy were employed to evaluate the effect of proliferation on embryonic cardiomyocytes. We first found that the miR-17-5p and miR-20a of miR-17-92 directly target the 3'UTR of FOG-2 and post-transcriptionally repress the expression of FOG-2. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that over-expression of miR-17-92 may inhibit cell proliferation via post-transcriptional repression of FOG-2 in embryonic cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates the expression of FOG-2 protein and suggest that the miR-17-92 cluster might play an important role in heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate formation and function of the heart, and perturbation of transcription factor expression and regulation disrupts normal heart structure and function. Multiple mechanisms regulate the level and locus-specific activity of transcription factors, including transcription, translation, subcellular localization, posttranslational modifications, and context-dependent interactions with other transcription factors, chromatin remodeling enzymes, and epigenetic regulators. The zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 is among the best-studied cardiac transcriptional factors. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms that regulate GATA4 transcriptional activity in the cardiovascular system, providing a framework to investigate and understand the molecular regulation of cardiac gene transcription by other transcription factors.
Collapse
|
48
|
He A, Ma Q, Cao J, von Gise A, Zhou P, Xie H, Zhang B, Hsing M, Christodoulou DC, Cahan P, Daley GQ, Kong SW, Orkin SH, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT. Polycomb repressive complex 2 regulates normal development of the mouse heart. Circ Res 2011; 110:406-15. [PMID: 22158708 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.252205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epigenetic marks are crucial for organogenesis, but their role in heart development is poorly understood. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27, which establishes H3K27me3 repressive epigenetic marks that promote tissue-specific differentiation by silencing ectopic gene programs. OBJECTIVE We studied the function of PRC2 in murine heart development using a tissue-restricted conditional inactivation strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS Inactivation of the PRC2 subunit Ezh2 by Nkx2-5(Cre) (Ezh2(NK)) caused lethal congenital heart malformations, namely, compact myocardial hypoplasia, hypertrabeculation, and ventricular septal defect. Candidate and genome-wide RNA expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of Ezh2(NK) heart identified genes directly repressed by EZH2. Among these were the potent cell cycle inhibitors Ink4a/b (inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 A and B), the upregulation of which was associated with decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation in Ezh2(NK). EZH2-repressed genes were enriched for transcriptional regulators of noncardiomyocyte expression programs such as Pax6, Isl1, and Six1. EZH2 was also required for proper spatiotemporal regulation of cardiac gene expression, because Hcn4, Mlc2a, and Bmp10 were inappropriately upregulated in ventricular RNA. PRC2 was also required later in heart development, as indicated by cardiomyocyte-restricted TNT-Cre inactivation of the PRC2 subunit Eed. However, Ezh2 inactivation by TNT-Cre did not cause an overt phenotype, likely because of functional redundancy with Ezh1. Thus, early Ezh2 inactivation by Nk2-5(Cre) caused later disruption of cardiomyocyte gene expression and heart development. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a previously undescribed role of EZH2 in regulating heart formation and shows that perturbation of the epigenetic landscape early in cardiogenesis has sustained disruptive effects at later developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aibin He
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) occur in about 0.5-1% of all newborns and are the most common birth defects. Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) accounts for approximately 1-3% of all CHDs. Similar to Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), DORV is a subtype of contruncal heart defects (CTDs) and is anatomically characterized by a malposition of the great arteries. We described a boy with chromosomal translocation: 46, XY t (8; 18) (q22; q21) that may disrupts the ZFPM2/FOG2 locus. The coding sequences of ZFPM2/FOG2 were determined in 38 patients with sporadic DORV, 95 patients with TOF, and 12 patients with transposition of the great arteries. Five DNA sequence variants affecting variably conserved residues of ZFPM2/FOG2 were identified in patients with TOF type or ventricular septal defect type of DORV. Three novel mutations (p.V339I, p.K737E, and p.A611T) were reported for the first time. The other two mutations (p.M703L and p.Q889E) were reported in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia but not in patients with CHD. Our finding suggests that variants of the ZFPM2/FOG2 gene might be a common cause of DORV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-P Tan
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim TK, Sul JY, Peternko NB, Lee JH, Lee M, Patel VV, Kim J, Eberwine JH. Transcriptome transfer provides a model for understanding the phenotype of cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:11918-11923. [PMID: 21730152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101223108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the transfer of the adult ventricular myocyte (AVM) transcriptome into either a fibroblast or an astrocyte converts the host cell into a cardiomyocyte. Transcriptome-effected cardiomyocytes (tCardiomyocytes) display morphologies, immunocytochemical properties, and expression profiles of postnatal cardiomyocytes. Cell morphology analysis shows that tCardiomyoctes are elongated and have a similar length-to-width ratio as AVMs. These global phenotypic changes occur in a time-dependent manner and confer electroexcitability to the tCardiomyocytes. tCardiomyocyte generation does not require continuous overexpression of specific transcription factors; for example, the expression level of transcription factor Mef2c is higher in tCardiomyocytes than in fibroblasts, but similar in tCardiomyocytes and AVMs. These data highlight the dominant role of the gene expression profile in developing and maintaining cellular phenotype. The transcriptome-induced phenotype remodeling-generated tCardiomyocyte has significant implications for understanding and modulating cardiac disease development.
Collapse
|