1
|
Sponchiado M, Bonilla AL, Mata L, Jasso-Johnson K, Liao YSJ, Fagan A, Moncada V, Reznikov LR. Club cell CREB regulates the goblet cell transcriptional network and pro-mucin effects of IL-1B. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1323865. [PMID: 38173934 PMCID: PMC10761479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1323865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Club cells are precursors for mucus-producing goblet cells. Interleukin 1β (IL-1B) is an inflammatory mediator with pro-mucin activities that increases the number of mucus-producing goblet cells. IL-1B-mediated mucin production in alveolar adenocarcinoma cells requires activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Whether the pro-mucin activities of IL-1B require club cell CREB is unknown. Methods: We challenged male mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1 and wild type littermates with intra-airway IL-1B or vehicle. Secondarily, we studied human "club cell-like" H322 cells. Results: IL-1B increased whole lung mRNA of secreted (Mucin 5ac, Mucin 5b) and tethered (Mucin 1, Mucin 4) mucins independent of genotype. However, loss of club cell Creb1 increased whole lung mRNA of member RAS oncogene family (Rab3D), decreased mRNA of the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R) and prevented IL-1B mediated increases in purinergic receptor P2Y, (P2ry2) mRNA. IL-1B increased the density of goblet cells containing neutral mucins in wildtype mice but not in mice with loss of club cell Creb1. These findings suggested that club cell Creb1 regulated mucin secretion. Loss of club cell Creb1 also prevented IL-1B-mediated impairments in airway mechanics. Four days of pharmacologic CREB inhibition in H322 cells increased mRNA abundance of forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), a repressor of goblet cell expansion, and decreased mRNA expression of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), a driver of goblet cell expansion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CREB directly bound to the promoter region of FOXA2, but not to the promoter region of SPDEF. Treatment of H322 cells with IL-1B increased cAMP levels, providing a direct link between IL-1B and CREB signaling. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that club cell Creb1 regulates the pro-mucin properties of IL-1B through pathways likely involving FOXA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah R. Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Du S, Li YB, Su Q, Zhang J, Zhang H. Changes in serum tumor markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247099. [PMID: 38130399 PMCID: PMC10733510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate changes in serum tumor markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with microalbuminuria and analyze the relationship between tumor markers and microalbuminuria. Methods A total of 956 T2DM patients aged 40-70 years hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, China, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2020. The sample comprised 313 T2DM patients with microalbuminuria and 643 T2DM patients with normal urinary microalbumin levels. After assessing the changes in serum tumor markers in T2DM with microalbuminuria, we analyzed the risk of microalbuminuria by the serum tumor marker category using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Serum CEA, CA199, CA125, CA153, CA211, SCC, CA242, and CA50 levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria than in those without microalbuminuria, while serum AFP levels were lower in the microalbuminuria group (P < 0.05). Following adjustment of confounders, serum CEA, CA211, and SCC were independently associated with microalbuminuria in T2DM. An ROC curve was used to estimate the cutoff point of tumor markers for microalbuminuria. Taking the values under the cutoff points as a reference, values for CEA, CA211, and SCC above the cutoff points indicated a significantly high risk of microalbuminuria. The OR of increased CEA for microalbuminuria was 2.006 (95%CI 1.456-2.765), the OR of increased CA211 for microalbuminuria was 1.505 (95%CI 1.092-2.074), and the OR of increased SCC for microalbuminuria was 1.958 (95%CI 1.407-2.724). Conclusion Several serum tumor markers were related to microalbuminuria in T2DM. Serum tumor markers such as CEA, SCC, and CA211 may indicate early diabetic nephropathy, particularly when elevated in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangrong Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Liu Z. Saliva biomarkers in oral disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117503. [PMID: 37536520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a versatile biofluid that contains a wide variety of biomarkers reflecting both physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Saliva collection is noninvasive and highly applicable for tests requiring serial sampling. Furthermore, advances in test accuracy, sensitivity and precision for saliva has improved diagnostic performance as well as the identification of novel markers especially in oral disease processes. These include dental caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Numerous growth factors, enzymes, interleukins and cytokines have been identified and are the subject of much research investigation. This review highlights current procedures for successful determination of saliva biomarkers including preanalytical factors associated with sampling, storage and pretreatment as well as subsequent analysis. Moreover, it provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of these salivary biomarkers in common oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varani J, McClintock SD, Nadeem DM, Harber I, Zeidan D, Aslam MN. A multi-mineral intervention to counter pro-inflammatory activity and to improve the barrier in human colon organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132905. [PMID: 37476158 PMCID: PMC10354648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, and continuous inflammatory stimulus may lead to barrier dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess barrier proteomic expression by a red algae-derived multi-mineral intervention in the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory insult. Methods: Human colon organoids were maintained in a control culture medium alone or exposed to lipopolysaccharide with a combination of three pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ (LPS-cytokines)] to mimic the environment in the inflamed colon. Untreated organoids and those exposed to LPS-cytokines were concomitantly treated for 14 days with a multi-mineral product (Aquamin®) that has previously been shown to improve barrier structure/function. The colon organoids were subjected to proteomic analysis to obtain a broad view of the protein changes induced by the two interventions alone and in combination. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy, tissue cohesion and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to assess barrier structure/function. Results: The LPS-cytokine mix altered the expression of multiple proteins that influence innate immunity and promote inflammation. Several of these were significantly decreased with Aquamin® alone but only a modest decrease in a subset of these proteins was detected by Aquamin® in the presence of LPS-cytokines. Among these, a subset of inflammation-related proteins including fibrinogen-β and -γ chains (FGB and FGG), phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) and SPARC was significantly downregulated in the presence of Aquamin® (alone and in combination with LPS-cytokines); another subset of proteins with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anti-microbial activity was upregulated by Aquamin® treatment. When provided alone, Aquamin® strongly upregulated proteins that contribute to barrier formation and tissue strength. Concomitant treatment with LPS-cytokines did not inhibit barrier formation in response to Aquamin®. Confocal microscopy also displayed increased expression of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) and cadherin-17 (CDH17) with Aquamin®, either alone or in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus. Increased cohesion and TEER with Aquamin® (alone or in the presence of LPS-cytokines) indicates improved barrier function. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that multi-mineral intervention (Aquamin®) may provide a novel approach to combating inflammation in the colon by improving barrier structure/function as well as by directly altering the expression of certain pro-inflammatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Ibraheem J, Zyara Y, Al-Quraine N, Abdulridha WM. Correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin-1beta in smokers with dental caries. F1000Res 2023; 12:175. [PMID: 37224312 PMCID: PMC10173202 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129649.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases of the oral cavity, and is an inflammatory disease caused by several factors. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a major mediator of acute inflammation and essential for the development of specific immune responses. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of secretory IgA (s-IgA) and IL-1β in the saliva of smokers with dental caries, and to discover the correlation between these parameters and dental caries. Methods. Saliva samples were collected from 30 smokers, age range 21-70 years, with dental caries, in addition to 18 healthy non-smoker volunteers, age range 21-65 years. s-IgA and IL-1β levels in the saliva samples were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The mean saliva IgA levels between smokers with dental caries group and healthy subjects were not significantly different (p=0.077), while the saliva levels of IL-1β were higher in the smokers in dental caries group, with a significant difference of p<0.05. No significant associations were found between s-IgA and IL-1β levels, and other parameters such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p>0.05). There were highly positive associations and significant differences between IL-1β and CRP levels in the two groups under the study (p=0.006). Conclusions. Our study revealed a significant increase in IL-1β levels in saliva of smokers with dental caries, and a positive association between IL-1β levels and caries disease. There is no significant relationship between elevated IL-1β levels and s-IgA in smokers with dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yassir Zyara
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Nibrass Al-Quraine
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhatia R, Bhyravbhatla N, Kisling A, Li X, Batra SK, Kumar S. Cytokines chattering in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:499-510. [PMID: 35346801 PMCID: PMC9510605 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of multiple cell types interspersed by dense fibrous stroma. These cells communicate through low molecular weight signaling molecules called cytokines. The cytokines, through their receptors, facilitate PDAC initiation, progression, metastasis, and distant colonization of malignant cells. These signaling mediators secreted from tumor-associated macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts in conjunction with oncogenic Kras mutation initiate acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM), resulting in the appearance of early preneoplastic lesions. Further, M1- and M2-polarized macrophages provide proinflammatory conditions and promote deposition of extracellular matrix, whereas myofibroblasts and T-lymphocytes, such as Th17 and T-regulatory cells, create a fibroinflammatory and immunosuppressive environment with a significantly reduced cytotoxic T-cell population. During PDAC progression, cytokines regulate the expression of various oncogenic regulators such as NFκB, c-myc, growth factor receptors, and mucins resulting in the formation of high-grade PanIN lesions, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion, and extravasation of malignant cells, and metastasis. During metastasis, PDAC cells colonize at the premetastatic niche created in the liver, and lung, an organotropic function primarily executed by cytokines in circulation or loaded in the exosomes from the primary tumor cells. The indispensable contribution of these cytokines at every stage of PDAC tumorigenesis makes them exciting candidates in combination with immune-, chemo- and targeted radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ribeiro AB, Ribeiro AB, de Araújo CB, Fortes CV, Clemente LM, Paranhos HDFO, Watanabe E, Salgado HC, Silva-Lovato CH. Effect of a Hygiene Protocol on Denture-Related Stomatitis Remission, Local Inflammatory Factors, and Hemodynamic Responses by Arterial Pressure. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101320. [PMID: 36289978 PMCID: PMC9598829 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is frequent oral inflammation in complete denture wearers. This study evaluated the effect of a hygiene protocol on DRS remission, local inflammatory factors, and hemodynamic responses. Thirty-three individuals were enrolled in the study. The outcomes were measured before and after 10 days of a hygiene protocol treatment consisting of brushing the palate with a soft brush and water and denture brushing with a denture-specific brush and mild soap, as well as immersion of the denture for 20 min in a 0.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. Data were analyzed by paired Wilcoxon for biofilm removal and CFU count of microorganisms. The paired T test was used to assess salivary MUC 1, cytokines, and arterial pressure (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in the DRS degree (p < 0.001), biofilm (p < 0.001), microbial load of Candida spp. (p < 0.001), Gram-negative (p < 0.004), Staphylococcus spp. (p < 0.001), and S. mutans (p < 0.001) of the denture, and S. mutans (p < 0.001) of the palate after use of the protocol. The salivary flow (p = 0.2) and pH (p = 0.97) did not change; there was an increase of MUC 1 (p = 0.049) and a decrease in IL-6 (p = 0.038), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-10 (p = 0.041), and IFNγ (p = 0.04). There was also a decrease in systolic (p = 0.012) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.02). The current hygiene protocol reduced the inflammation degree of DRS and promoted an improvement of local inflammatory factors and a reduction in the systolic arterial pressure of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Camila Borba de Araújo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Caroline Vieira Fortes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Lorena Mosconi Clemente
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-4006
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Differential interferon-α subtype induced immune signatures are associated with suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111600119. [PMID: 35131898 PMCID: PMC8872780 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111600119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) exhibit various biological effects during viral infections, and they have been successfully used for clinical treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFNα subtypes, which strongly differ in their antiviral responses against different viruses. Here we analyzed the antiviral activity of all human IFNα subtypes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify the underlying immune signatures and explore their therapeutic potential. Our data provide a systemic pattern of antiviral host effector responses mediated by high antiviral IFN-I, which could help to identify key cellular effectors targeted in novel therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type I interferons (IFN-I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, balancing virus control versus immune-mediated pathologies, and have been successfully employed for the treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFN-alpha (α) subtypes, which activate downstream signaling cascades and result in distinct patterns of immune responses and differential antiviral responses. Inborn errors in IFN-I immunity and the presence of anti-IFN autoantibodies account for very severe courses of COVID-19; therefore, early administration of IFN-I may be protective against life-threatening disease. Here we comprehensively analyzed the antiviral activity of all IFNα subtypes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify the underlying immune signatures and explore their therapeutic potential. Prophylaxis of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC) with different IFNα subtypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection uncovered distinct functional classes with high, intermediate, and low antiviral IFNs. In particular, IFNα5 showed superior antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2–infected mice in vivo. Dose dependency studies further displayed additive effects upon coadministration with the broad antiviral drug remdesivir in cell culture. Transcriptomic analysis of IFN-treated hAEC revealed different transcriptional signatures, uncovering distinct, intersecting, and prototypical genes of individual IFNα subtypes. Global proteomic analyses systematically assessed the abundance of specific antiviral key effector molecules which are involved in IFN-I signaling pathways, negative regulation of viral processes, and immune effector processes for the potent antiviral IFNα5. Taken together, our data provide a systemic, multimodular definition of antiviral host responses mediated by defined IFN-I. This knowledge will support the development of novel therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
9
|
Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114812. [PMID: 34687672 PMCID: PMC8546906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Recently, infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development; however, the role of viral/bacterial infections in the initiation and propagation of PF is still debated. In this context, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and PF development. Although the infection by SARS-CoV-2 can be eradicated in most cases, the development of fibrotic lesions cannot be precluded; furthermore, whether these lesions are stable or progressive fibrotic events is still unknown. Herein, an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process together with the currently approved and newly proposed therapeutic solutions was given. Then, the most recent data that emerged from post-COVID-19 patients was discussed, in order to compare PF and COVID-19-dependent PF, highlighting shared and specific mechanisms. A better understanding of PF aetiology is certainly needed, also to develop effective therapeutic strategies and COVID-19 pathology is offering one more chance to do it. Overall, the work reported here could help to define new approaches for therapeutic intervention in the diversity of the ILD spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- Multidisciplinary Team of Interstitial Lung Disease, Radiology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vagios S, Mitchell CM. Mutual Preservation: A Review of Interactions Between Cervicovaginal Mucus and Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676114. [PMID: 34327149 PMCID: PMC8313892 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At mucosal surfaces throughout the body mucus and mucins regulate interactions between epithelia and both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Although the microbes in the female genital tract have been linked to multiple reproductive health outcomes, the role of cervicovaginal mucus in regulating genital tract microbes is largely unexplored. Mucus-microbe interactions could support the predominance of specific bacterial species and, conversely, commensal bacteria can influence mucus properties and its influence on reproductive health. Herein, we discuss the current evidence for both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between cervicovaginal mucus and the female genital tract microbiome, and how an improved understanding of these relationships could significantly improve women’s health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Vagios
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline M Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shamloo K, Mistry P, Barbarino A, Ross C, Jhanji V, Sharma A. Differential Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Mucins and Glycocalyx. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:17. [PMID: 34128966 PMCID: PMC8212448 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.7.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular surface mucins and glycocalyx are critical for providing ocular hydration as well lubrication and repelling pathogens or allergens. Elevated levels of tear proinflammatory cytokines in dry eye may have detrimental effect on mucins and glycocalyx. The present study tested the effect of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on membrane-tethered mucins expression, glycocalyx, and viability of ocular surface epithelial cells. Methods Stratified cultures of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ for 24 hours. The mucins gene and protein expressions were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The glycocalyx was imaged using confocal microscopy after staining with Alexa 488-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin lectin. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death was quantified using flow cytometry. Results IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ treatment resulted in a significant increase in mucins (MUC)1 and MUC4 gene and protein expression in human corneal epithelial cells but caused no significant changes in the levels of these mucins in conjunctival epithelial cells. Further, these cytokines decreased MUC16 expression in both corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. Moreover, no notable change in glycocalyx or apoptotic cell death in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells was noted with any of the tested cytokines, but IL-6 and TNF-α exposure increased necrotic cell death in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines have differential effects on human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell mucins expression, but do not cause any damage to ocular surface epithelial cell glycocalyx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Shamloo
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Priya Mistry
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Barbarino
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Ross
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shadbad MA, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Derakhshani A, Silvestris N, Baghbanzadeh A, Racanelli V, Baradaran B. From Melanoma Development to RNA-Modified Dendritic Cell Vaccines: Highlighting the Lessons From the Past. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623639. [PMID: 33692796 PMCID: PMC7937699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma remains the deadliest skin cancer, the current treatment has not resulted in the desired outcomes. Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy has provided more tolerable approaches and revolutionized cancer therapy. Although dendritic cell-based vaccines have minor side effects, the undesirable response rates of traditional approaches have posed questions about their clinical translation. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can be the underlying reason for their low response rates. Immune checkpoints and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been implicated in the induction of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Growing evidence indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PKB) (PI3K/AKT) pathways, as the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma, can upregulate the tumoral immune checkpoints, like programmed death-ligand 1. This study briefly represents the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma and highlights the cross-talk between these oncogenic pathways with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tumoral immune checkpoints, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Moreover, this study sheds light on a novel tumor antigen on melanoma, which has substantial roles in tumoral immune checkpoints expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase secretion, and stimulating the oncogenic pathways. Finally, this review collects the lessons from the previous unsuccessful trials and integrates their lessons with new approaches in RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines. Unlike traditional approaches, the advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing techniques and RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines along with combined therapy of the immune checkpoint inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, and RNA-modified dendritic cell-based vaccine can overcome these auto-inductive loops and pave the way for developing robust dendritic cell-based vaccines with the most favorable response rate and the least side effects.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/therapy
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/adverse effects
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- mRNA Vaccines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hashash JG, Beatty PL, Critelli K, Hartman DJ, Regueiro M, Tamim H, Regueiro MD, Binion DG, Finn OJ. Altered Expression of the Epithelial Mucin MUC1 Accompanies Endoscopic Recurrence of Postoperative Crohn's Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:127-133. [PMID: 32195770 PMCID: PMC7494551 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MUC1-glycoprotein is expressed at low levels and in fully glycosylated form on epithelial cells. Inflammation causes MUC1 overexpression and hypoglycosylation. We hypothesized that overexpression of hypoglycosylated MUC1 would be found in postoperative Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence and could be considered an additional biomarker of recurrence severity. METHODS We examined archived neo-terminal ileum biopsies from patients with prior ileocecal resection who had postoperative endoscopic assessment of CD recurrence and given a Rutgeerts ileal recurrence score. Consecutive tissue sections were stained using 2 different anti-MUC1 antibodies, HMPV that recognizes all forms of MUC1 and 4H5 that recognizes only inflammation-associated hypoglycosylated MUC1. RESULTS A total of 71 postoperative CD patients were evaluated. There was significant increase in MUC1 expression of both glycosylated/normal (P<0.0001) and hypoglycosylated/abnormal (P<0.0001) forms in patients with severe endoscopic CD recurrence (i3+i4), ileal score i2, compared with patients in endoscopic remission (i0+i1). Results were similar regardless of anti-TNF-α use. Although MUC1 expression and Rutgeerts scores were in agreement when characterizing the majority of cases, there were a few exceptions where MUC1 expression was characteristic of more severe recurrence than implied by Rutgeerts score. CONCLUSIONS MUC1 is overexpressed and hypoglycosylated in neo-terminal ileum tissue of patients with postoperative CD recurrence. Increased levels are associated with more severe endoscopic recurrence scores, and this is not influenced by anti-TNF-α use. Discrepancies found between Rutgeerts scores and MUC1 expression suggest that addition of MUC1 as a biomarker of severity of postoperative CD recurrence may improve categorization of recurrence status and consequently treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana G. Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pamela L. Beatty
- Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kristen Critelli
- Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas J. Hartman
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthew Regueiro
- Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miguel D. Regueiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David G. Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Olivera J. Finn
- Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chatterjee M, van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Defensive Properties of Mucin Glycoproteins during Respiratory Infections-Relevance for SARS-CoV-2. mBio 2020; 11:e02374-20. [PMID: 33184103 PMCID: PMC7663010 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02374-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus plays a pivotal role in protecting the respiratory tract against microbial infections. It acts as a primary contact site to entrap microbes and facilitates their removal from the respiratory tract via the coordinated beating of motile cilia. The major components of airway mucus are heavily O-glycosylated mucin glycoproteins, divided into gel-forming mucins and transmembrane mucins. The gel-forming mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B are the primary structural components of airway mucus, and they enable efficient clearance of pathogens by mucociliary clearance. MUC5B is constitutively expressed in the healthy airway, whereas MUC5AC is upregulated in response to inflammatory challenge. MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 are the three major transmembrane mucins of the respiratory tracts which prevent microbial invasion, can act as releasable decoy receptors, and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. Pathogens have evolved virulence factors such as adhesins that facilitate interaction with specific mucins and mucin glycans, for example, terminal sialic acids. Mucin expression and glycosylation are dependent on the inflammatory state of the respiratory tract and are directly regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and microbial ligands. Gender and age also impact mucin glycosylation and expression through the female sex hormone estradiol and age-related downregulation of mucin production. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the role of respiratory mucins and their glycans during bacterial and viral infections of the airways and their relevance for the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding the impact of microbe-mucin interaction in the respiratory tract could inspire the development of novel therapies to boost mucosal defense and combat respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdoli Shadbad M, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Mucin1 in breast cancer vaccination: On the verge of a breakthrough. Life Sci 2020; 258:118128. [PMID: 32710947 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although breast cancer is one of the leading troublesome cancers, the available therapeutic options have not fulfilled the desired outcomes. Immune-based therapy has gained special attention for breast cancer treatment. Although this approach is highly tolerable, its low response rate has rendered it as an undesirable approach. This review aims to describe the essential oncogenic pathways involved in breast cancer, elucidate the immunosuppression and oncogenic effect of Mucin1, and introduce myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are the main culprits of anti-tumoral immune response attenuation. The various auto-inductive loops between Mucin1 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are focal in the suppression of anti-tumoral immune responses in patients with breast cancer. These cross-talks between the Mucin1 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be the underlying causes of immunotherapy's impotence for patients with breast cancer. This approach can pave the road for the development of a potent vaccine for patients with breast cancer and is translated into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kashyap B, Kullaa AM. Regulation of mucin 1 expression and its relationship with oral diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104791. [PMID: 32652493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the polymorphic mucin 1 (MUC1), and to provide an overview of the known complex and multiple functions of MUC1 in normal oral mucosa and oral mucosal lesions in compromised situations as well as exploring the challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of MUC1. We will review the current knowledge and provide insights into the future management possibilities of using MUC1 as a therapeutic agent. METHODS A literature search of the electronic databases included MEDLINE (1966 -December 2019) and hand searches of cross-references were undertaken using terms related to mucins, MUC1. RESULTS MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of most of epithelial cell surfaces. Not only is it involved in lubrication, cell surface hydration, and protection against degrading enzymes, MUC1 also promotes abnormal cellular signalling, angiogenesis, anti-adhesion and tumorigenesis. Aberrant glycosylation, overexpression, loss of apical constraint are characteristics of the transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous cell. This review summarizes studies of MUC1 expression and function with a special emphasis on oral epithelial cells in normal and abnormal conditions. In addition, current knowledge of MUC1 and unexplored areas of MUC1 are presented. CONCLUSION MUC1 is an archetypical transmembrane protein, the presence of MUC1 in ectopic regions may lead to dysregulation of certain enzymes and activation of various pathways, favouring the development of inflammatory responses and tumour formation. This review examines the potential of MUC1 in the development of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bina Kashyap
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, and Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The human transmembrane mucin MUC17 responds to TNFα by increased presentation at the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2019; 476:2281-2295. [PMID: 31387973 PMCID: PMC6705488 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane mucin MUC17 is an integral part of the glycocalyx as it covers the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes and presents an extended O-glycosylated mucin domain to the intestinal lumen. Here, we identified two unknown phosphorylated serine residues, S4428 and S4492, in the cytoplasmic tail of human MUC17. We have previously demonstrated that MUC17 is anchored to the apical membrane domain via an interaction with the scaffolding protein PDZK1. S4492, localized in the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of MUC17, was mutated to generate phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient variants of MUC17. Using Caco-2 cells as a model system, we found that induction of an inflammatory state by long-term stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα resulted in an increase of MUC17 protein levels and enhanced insertion of MUC17 and its two phospho-variants into apical membranes. Up-regulation and apical insertion of MUC17 was followed by shedding of MUC17-containing vesicles. Transmembrane mucins have previously been shown to play a role in the prevention of bacterial colonization by acting as sheddable decoys for encroaching bacteria. Overexpression and increased presentation at the plasma membrane of wild-type MUC17 and its phosphodeficient variant MUC17 S-4492A protected Caco-2 cells against adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating that C-terminal phosphorylation of MUC17 may play a functional role in epithelial cell protection. We propose a new function for MUC17 in inflammation, where MUC17 acts as a second line of defense by preventing attachment of bacteria to the epithelial cell glycocalyx in the small intestine.
Collapse
|
19
|
The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. J Dent 2019; 80 Suppl 1:S3-S12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
20
|
Jepsen CS, Dubey LK, Colmorten KB, Moeller JB, Hammond MA, Nielsen O, Schlosser A, Templeton SP, Sorensen GL, Holmskov U. FIBCD1 Binds Aspergillus fumigatus and Regulates Lung Epithelial Response to Cell Wall Components. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1967. [PMID: 30279687 PMCID: PMC6153955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a ubiquitous fungus of clinical importance associated with development of various pulmonary diseases and allergic hypersensitivity reactions. It is protected against environmental stress by a cell wall that contains polysaccharides such as chitin. We previously demonstrated that fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1 (FIBCD1) is a membrane-bound protein that binds chitin through a conserved S1 binding site and is expressed in intestinal epithelium and salivary glands. Here, we further localized FIBCD1 protein expression at the surface of bronchial and alveolar human lung epithelium, observed recognition of A. fumigatus cell wall with S1 site-independent recognition. We observed FIBCD1-mediated suppression of IL-8 secretion, mucin production, and transcription of genes associated with airway inflammation and homeostasis in FIBCD1-transfected lung epithelial cells. These modulations were generally enforced by stimulation with A. fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides. In parallel, we demonstrated a FIBCD1-mediated modulation of IL-8 secretion induced by TLR2,−4, and −5. Collectively, our findings support FIBCD1 as a human lung epithelial pattern recognition receptor that recognizes the complex A. fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides and modulates the lung epithelial inflammatory response by suppressing inflammatory mediators and mucins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schoeler Jepsen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lalit Kumar Dubey
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kimmie B Colmorten
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mark A Hammond
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steven P Templeton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kho HS. Oral epithelial MUC1 and oral health. Oral Dis 2018; 24:19-21. [PMID: 29480594 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide information about MUC1, epithelial membrane-bound mucin, in terms of its role in oral health. DESIGN The expression and functional roles of MUC1 in the oral mucosa and salivary glands were reviewed. Information on the modulation of oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression compared with that of endometrial epithelial MUC1 expression was also reviewed. In addition, the possible associations between oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 and oral diseases were explored. RESULTS MUC1 is expressed in the oral mucosa and major and minor salivary glands. Protection of oral mucosal surfaces is believed to be the main function of oral mucosal epithelial MUC1. Its role in the salivary glands is thought to facilitate salivary flow through the ductal system. Information on the role of MUC1 in signal transduction and modulation of immune function in the oral cavity is sparse. However, the possible roles of MUC1 in dry mouth conditions, burning mouth syndrome, dental caries, and oral candidiasis have been suggested. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited information, it is clear that oral epithelial MUC1 plays an important role in oral health. Further research evaluating the physiological and pathological roles of MUC1 in the oral cavity is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-S Kho
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute on Aging Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peng YF, Lin H, Han MM, Li L. Serum carbohydrate antigen 153 and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22461. [PMID: 29701319 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 184 patients with T2DM were included, and renal function was assessed by the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula adjusted coefficient of the Chinese people. RESULTS Serum CA153 concentrations were positively correlated with blood glucose (BG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = .204, P = .005; r = .165, P = .025) in patients with T2DM. There was a negative correlation between serum CA153 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = -.229, P = .002) in whole patients with T2DM; similarly, the correlations were observed in both women and men (r = -.228, P = .028 for women, r = -.231, P = .028 for men). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum CA153 was still significantly correlated with estimated GFR (beta = -0.286, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Serum CA153 is negatively correlated with estimated GFR in patients with T2DM, and serum CA153 may be a potentially useful clinical biomarker to assess renal function in the study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Fan Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man-Man Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Influenza virus infection causes neutrophil dysfunction through reduced G-CSF production and an increased risk of secondary bacteria infection in the lung. Virology 2016; 499:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Chalick M, Jacobi O, Pichinuk E, Garbar C, Bensussan A, Meeker A, Ziv R, Zehavi T, Smorodinsky NI, Hilkens J, Hanisch FG, Rubinstein DB, Wreschner DH. MUC1-ARF-A Novel MUC1 Protein That Resides in the Nucleus and Is Expressed by Alternate Reading Frame Translation of MUC1 mRNA. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165031. [PMID: 27768738 PMCID: PMC5074479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of mRNA in alternate reading frames (ARF) is a naturally occurring process heretofore underappreciated as a generator of protein diversity. The MUC1 gene encodes MUC1-TM, a signal-transducing trans-membrane protein highly expressed in human malignancies. Here we show that an AUG codon downstream to the MUC1-TM initiation codon initiates an alternate reading frame thereby generating a novel protein, MUC1-ARF. MUC1-ARF, like its MUC1-TM 'parent’ protein, contains a tandem repeat (VNTR) domain. However, the amino acid sequence of the MUC1-ARF tandem repeat as well as N- and C- sequences flanking it differ entirely from those of MUC1-TM. In vitro protein synthesis assays and extensive immunohistochemical as well as western blot analyses with MUC1-ARF specific monoclonal antibodies confirmed MUC1-ARF expression. Rather than being expressed at the cell membrane like MUC1-TM, immunostaining showed that MUC1-ARF protein localizes mainly in the nucleus: Immunohistochemical analyses of MUC1-expressing tissues demonstrated MUC1-ARF expression in the nuclei of secretory luminal epithelial cells. MUC1-ARF expression varies in different malignancies. While the malignant epithelial cells of pancreatic cancer show limited expression, in breast cancer tissue MUC1-ARF demonstrates strong nuclear expression. Proinflammatory cytokines upregulate expression of MUC1-ARF protein and co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate association of MUC1-ARF with SH3 domain-containing proteins. Mass spectrometry performed on proteins coprecipitating with MUC1-ARF demonstrated Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD) and Dynamin 2 (DNM2). These studies not only reveal that the MUC1 gene generates a previously unidentified MUC1-ARF protein, they also show that just like its ‘parent’ MUC1-TM protein, MUC1-ARF is apparently linked to signaling and malignancy, yet a definitive link to these processes and the roles it plays awaits a precise identification of its molecular functions. Comprising at least 524 amino acids, MUC1-ARF is, furthermore, the longest ARF protein heretofore described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chalick
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Oded Jacobi
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Edward Pichinuk
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Christian Garbar
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Jean-Godinot, Reims Cedex, France
| | | | - Alan Meeker
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ravit Ziv
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Tania Zehavi
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - John Hilkens
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Daniel H. Wreschner
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cascio S, Finn OJ. Intra- and Extra-Cellular Events Related to Altered Glycosylation of MUC1 Promote Chronic Inflammation, Tumor Progression, Invasion, and Metastasis. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6040039. [PMID: 27754373 PMCID: PMC5197949 DOI: 10.3390/biom6040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glycosylation of mucin 1 (MUC1) on tumor cells compared to normal epithelial cells was previously identified as an important antigenic modification recognized by the immune system in the process of tumor immunosurveillance. This tumor form of MUC1 is considered a viable target for cancer immunotherapy. The importance of altered MUC1 glycosylation extends also to its role as a promoter of chronic inflammatory conditions that lead to malignant transformation and cancer progression. We review here what is known about the role of specific cancer-associated glycans on MUC1 in protein-protein interactions and intracellular signaling in cancer cells and in their adhesion to each other and the tumor stroma. The tumor form of MUC1 also creates a different landscape of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment by controlling the recruitment of inflammatory cells, establishing specific interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, and facilitating tumor escape from the immune system. Through multiple types of short glycans simultaneously present in tumors, MUC1 acquires multiple oncogenic properties that control tumor development, progression, and metastasis at different steps of the process of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cascio
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Fondazione Ri.Med, via Bandiera 11, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moncla BJ, Chappell CA, Debo BM, Meyn LA. The Effects of Hormones and Vaginal Microflora on the Glycome of the Female Genital Tract: Cervical-Vaginal Fluid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158687. [PMID: 27437931 PMCID: PMC4954690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the glycome of cervical-vaginal fluid, collected with a Catamenial cup. We quantified: glycosidase levels; sialic acid and high mannose specific lectin binding; mucins, MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC7; and albumin in the samples collected. These data were analyzed in the context of hormonal status (day of menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception use) and role, if any, of the type of the vaginal microflora present. When the Nugent score was used to stratify the subjects by microflora as normal, intermediate, or bacterial vaginosis, several important differences were observed. The activities of four of six glycosidases in the samples from women with bacterial vaginosis were significantly increased when compared to normal or intermediate women: sialidase, P = <0.001; α-galactosidase, P = 0.006; β-galactosidase, P = 0.005; α-glucosidase, P = 0.056. Sialic acid binding sites as measured by two lectins, Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra binding, were significantly lower in women with BV compared to women with normal and intermediate scores (P = <0.0001 and 0.008 respectively). High mannose binding sites, a measure of innate immunity were also significantly lower in women with BV (P = <0.001). Additionally, we observed significant increases in MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC7 concentrations in women with BV (P = <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, 0.02 respectively). Among normal women we found that the membrane bound mucin MUC4 and the secreted MUC5AC were decreased in postmenopausal women (P = 0.02 and 0.07 respectively), while MUC7 (secreted) was decreased in women using levonorgestrel-containing IUDs (P = 0.02). The number of sialic acid binding sites was lower in the postmenopausal group (P = 0.04), but the number of high mannose binding sites, measured with Griffithsin, was not significantly different among the 6 hormonal groups. The glycosidase levels in the cervical-vaginal mucus were rather low in the groups, with exception of α-glucosidase activity that was much lower in the postmenopausal group (P<0.001). These studies present compelling evidence that the vaginal ecosystem responds to the presence of different vaginal microorganisms. These effects were so influential that it required us to remove subjects with BV for data interpretation of the impact of hormones. We also suggest that certain changes occurring in vaginal/cervical proteins are due to bacteria or their products. Therefore, the quantitation of vaginal mucins and lectin binding offers a new method to monitor bacteria-host interactions in the female reproductive tract. The data suggest that some of the changes in these components are the result of host processing, such as the increases in mucin content, while the microflora is responsible for the increases in glycosidases and the decreases in lectin binding. The methods should be considered a valid marker for insult to the female genital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Moncla
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine A. Chappell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Debo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Meyn
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su F, Wang Y, Liu G, Ru K, Liu X, Yu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Quan F, Guo Z, Zhang Y. Generation of transgenic cattle expressing human β-defensin 3 as an approach to reducing susceptibility toMycobacterium bovisinfection. FEBS J 2016; 283:776-90. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Ru
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Horibe S, Tanahashi T, Kawauchi S, Mizuno S, Rikitake Y. Preventative Effects of Sodium Alginate on Indomethacin-induced Small-intestinal Injury in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:653-63. [PMID: 27647994 PMCID: PMC5027183 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic technologies have revealed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious mucosal injury in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (including the small intestine). A drug to treat NSAID-induced small-intestinal injury (SII) is lacking. Sodium alginate is a soluble dietary fiber extracted from brown seaweed and its solution has been used as a hemostatic agent to treat gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulcers. Whether sodium alginate has therapeutic effects on NSAID-induced SII and its mechanism of action are not known. Here, we investigated if administration of two forms (high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW)) of sodium alginate could ameliorate indomethacin-induced SII. Pretreatment with HMW sodium alginate or LMW sodium alginate before indomethacin administration improved ulceration and the resultant intestinal shortening was associated with reduced histological severity of mucosal injury and ameliorated mRNA expression of inflammation-related molecules in the small intestine. We found that mRNAs of secretory Muc2 and membrane-associated Muc1, Muc3 and Muc4 were expressed in the small intestine. mRNA expression of Muc1-4 was increased in indomethacin-induced SII, and these increases were prevented by sodium alginate. Thus, administration of sodium alginate could be a therapeutic approach to prevent indomethacin-induced SII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Horibe
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tanahashi
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawauchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Endoscopy Department, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma 630-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L, Gargosky SE. MUC1 (CD227): a multi-tasked molecule. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4475-500. [PMID: 26294353 PMCID: PMC11113675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1 [CD227]) is a high-molecular weight (>400 kDa), type I membrane-tethered glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial cells and extends far above the glycocalyx. MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in adenocarcinomas and in hematological malignancies. As a result, MUC1 has been a target for tumor immunotherapeutic studies in mice and in humans. MUC1 has been shown to have anti-adhesive and immunosuppressive properties, protects against infections, and is involved in the oncogenic process as well as in cell signaling. In addition, MUC1 plays a key role in the reproductive tract, in the immune system (affecting dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells, and B cells), and in chronic inflammatory diseases. Evidence for all of these roles for MUC1 is discussed herein and demonstrates that MUC1 is truly a multitasked molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Babic A, Poole EM, Terry KL, Cramer DW, Teles RP, Tworoger SS. Periodontal bone loss and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:941-7. [PMID: 25837263 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory response to pathogenic bacteria in the oral microbiome, is common among adults. It is associated with several medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, and potentially with esophageal, lung, oral, and pancreatic cancer. One of the proposed mechanisms behind these associations is systemic inflammation, which has also been implicated in ovarian cancer etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate association between ovarian cancer and periodontal bone loss. METHODS The association between periodontal bone loss, a marker of periodontitis, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was estimated among 60,560 participants of the prospective Nurses' Health Study using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Competing risks analysis was used to estimate association by histologic subtype. RESULTS We did not observe an increased risk of ovarian cancer among participants with periodontal bone loss (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.64-1.15). Among women younger than 69 years, periodontal bone loss was associated with a 40 % (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-0.98) decreased ovarian cancer risk, while there was no association in women older than 69 (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.75-1.58), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p-heterogeneity = 0.06). We observed a suggestive decreased risk for serous tumors (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.53-1.09). The number of natural teeth and root canals, other metrics of oral health, were not associated with ovarian cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our results do not support an increased ovarian cancer risk in women with periodontal bone loss; however, there was a significant decrease in risk in women younger than 69. Given the unexpected association between periodontal bone loss and ovarian cancer risk in younger women, further research is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Babic
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
NCOA3-mediated upregulation of mucin expression via transcriptional and post-translational changes during the development of pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4879-89. [PMID: 25531332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by aberrant overexpression of mucins that contribute to its pathogenesis. Although the inflammatory cytokines contribute to mucin overexpression, the mucin profile of PC is markedly distinct from that of normal or inflamed pancreas. We postulated that de novo expression of various mucins in PC involves chromatin modifications. Analysis of chromatin modifying enzymes by PCR array identified differential expression of NCOA3 in MUC4-expressing PC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry analysis in tumor tissues from patients and spontaneous mouse models, and microarray analysis following the knockdown of NCOA3 were performed to elucidate its role in mucin regulation and overall impact on PC. Silencing of NCOA3 in PC cell lines resulted in significant downregulation of two most differentially expressed mucins in PC, MUC4 and MUC1 (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis in PC tissues and metastatic lesions established an association between NCOA3 and mucin (MUC1 and MUC4) expression. Spontaneous mouse model of PC (K-ras(G12D); Pdx-1cre) showed early expression of Ncoa3 during pre-neoplastic lesions. Mechanistically, NCOA3 knockdown abrogated retinoic acid-mediated MUC4 upregulation by restricting MUC4 promoter accessibility as demonstrated by micrococcus nuclease digestion (P<0.05) and chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis. NCOA3 also created pro-inflammatory conditions by upregulating chemokines like CXCL1, 2, 5 and CCL20 (P<0.001). AKT, ubiquitin C, ERK1/2 and NF-κB occupied dominant nodes in the networks significantly modulated after NCOA3 silencing. In addition, NCOA3 stabilized mucins post translationally through fucosylation by FUT8, as the knockdown of FUT8 resulted in the downregulation of MUC4 and MUC1 at protein levels.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gabryel-Porowska H, Gornowicz A, Bielawska A, Wójcicka A, Maciorkowska E, Grabowska SZ, Bielawski K. Mucin levels in saliva of adolescents with dental caries. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:72-7. [PMID: 24441930 PMCID: PMC3907531 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human saliva, a complex secretion that contains a mixture of inorganic and organic molecules, plays an essential role in the maintenance of oral health. Mucins are the major macromolecular component of the secretion and are considered the first line of defense for epithelial tissues. The aim of this study was to compare levels of mucins (MUC5B, MUC7, and MUC1) in saliva of young subjects with dental caries. Material/Methods All patients had DMF (decay/missing/filled) higher than value 0. Eight subjects with DMF=3 (control group) and 27 adolescents with DMF >11 (research group) were recruited for this study. Clinical evaluation procedures were oral examination, including tooth, periodontal, oral mucosal status, and collection of saliva samples. Saliva was collected for mucin assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate MUC5B, MUC7, and MUC1. Results Our results indicate that adolescents with very high intensity of dental caries disease had increased levels of MUC1 and MUC5B. The membrane mucin MUC1 protein levels in the group with DMF>11 (research group) were higher compared to the group with DMF=3 (control group), and the increase was statistically significant (p=0.011). Similarly, secreted mucin MUC5B protein levels were higher (p=0.06) in the group with DMF>11 (research group). Although MUC7 protein levels were slightly reduced in symptomatic subjects, the decrease was statistically insignificant (p=0.918). Conclusions Our data suggest links between the production of mucins, especially MUC1 and MUC5B in saliva, and dental caries disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Wójcicka
- Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maciorkowska
- Department of Developmental Period Medicine and Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kho HS, Chang JY, Kim YY, Kim Y. MUC1 and toll-like receptor-2 expression in burning mouth syndrome and oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:837-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
34
|
Günther J, Petzl W, Zerbe H, Schuberth HJ, Koczan D, Goetze L, Seyfert HM. Lipopolysaccharide priming enhances expression of effectors of immune defence while decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mammary epithelia cells from cows. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:17. [PMID: 22235868 PMCID: PMC3315725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Udder infections with environmental pathogens like Escherichia coli are a serious problem for the dairy industry. Reduction of incidence and severity of mastitis is desirable and mild priming of the immune system either through vaccination or with low doses of immune stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide LPS was previously found to dampen detrimental effects of a subsequent infection. Monocytes/macrophages are known to develop tolerance towards the endotoxin LPS (endotoxin tolerance, ET) as adaptation strategy to prevent exuberant inflammation. We have recently observed that infusion of 1 μg of LPS into the quarter of an udder effectively protected for several days against an experimentally elicited mastitis. We have modelled this process in primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) from the cow. MEC are by far the most abundant cells in the healthy udder coming into contact with invading pathogens and little is known about their role in establishing ET. Results We primed primary MEC cultures for 12 h with LPS (100 ng/ml) and stimulated three cultures either 12 h or 42 h later with 107/ml particles of heat inactivated E. coli bacteria for six hours. Priming-related alterations in the global transcriptome of those cells were quantified with Affymetrix microarrays. LPS priming alone caused differential expression of 40 genes and mediated significantly different response to a subsequent E. coli challenge of 226 genes. Expression of 38 genes was enhanced while that of 188 was decreased. Higher expressed were anti-microbial factors (β-defensin LAP, SLPI), cell and tissue protecting factors (DAF, MUC1, TGM1, TGM3) as well as mediators of the sentinel function of MEC (CCL5, CXCL8). Dampened was the expression of potentially harmful pro-inflammatory master cytokines (IL1B, IL6, TNF-α) and immune effectors (NOS2, matrix metalloproteases). Functional network analysis highlighted the reduced expression of IL1B and of IRF7 as key to this modulation. Conclusion LPS-primed MEC are fitter to repel pathogens and better protected against misguided attacks of the immune response. Attenuated is the exuberant expression of factors potentially promoting immunopathological processes. MEC therefore recapitulate many aspects of ET known so far from professional immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Overexpression of MUC1 enhances proangiogenic activity of non-small-cell lung cancer cells through activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Lung 2011; 189:453-60. [PMID: 21959954 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is an important process required for tumor progression. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is aberrantly upregulated in many types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the biological significance of MUC1 overexpression in lung cancer angiogenesis is not completely understood. METHODS We showed that enforced expression of MUC1 in two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and NCI-H460, which have a low level of endogenous MUC1, promoted their ability to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent endothelial cell migration and tube formation. RESULTS There was a significant increase in VEGF expression in MUC1-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Moreover, MUC1 overexpression resulted in a marked elevation in phosphorylated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, indicative of activation of both signaling pathways. Most importantly, inhibition of Akt or ERK signaling using specific chemical inhibitors restrained the proangiogenic activity of MUC1-overexpressing NSCLC cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our present data demonstrate that the aberrant upregulation of MUC1 favors tumor angiogenesis in NSCLC, likely through the activation of both Akt and ERK pathways and elevation of VEGF production. MUC1 may thus be a potential antiangiogenic target in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nguyen Y, Procario MC, Ashley SL, O'Neal WK, Pickles RJ, Weinberg JB. Limited effects of Muc1 deficiency on mouse adenovirus type 1 respiratory infection. Virus Res 2011; 160:351-9. [PMID: 21816184 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muc1 (MUC1 in humans) is a membrane-tethered mucin that exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the lung during bacterial infection. Muc1 and other mucins are also likely to form a protective barrier in the lung. We used mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1, also known as MAdV-1) to determine the role of Muc1 in the pathogenesis of an adenovirus in its natural host. Following intranasal inoculation of wild type mice, we detected increased TNF-α, a cytokine linked to Muc1 production, but no consistent changes in the production of lung Muc1, Muc5ac or overall lung mucus production. Viral loads were modestly higher in the lungs of Muc1(-/-) mice compared to Muc1(+/+) mice at several early time points but decreased to similar levels by 14 days post infection in both groups. However, cellular inflammation and the expression of CXCL1, CCL5, and CCL2 did not significantly differ between Muc1(-/-) and Muc1(+/+) mice. Our data therefore suggest that Muc1 may contribute to a physical barrier that protects against MAV-1 respiratory infection. However, our data do not reveal an anti-inflammatory effect of Muc1 that contributes to MAV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chang WI, Chang JY, Kim YY, Lee G, Kho HS. MUC1 expression in the oral mucosal epithelial cells of the elderly. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:885-90. [PMID: 21382610 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MUC1 is primarily involved in the protection of epithelial surfaces. Decreases in oral mucosal defence can be a predisposing factor for the development of oral mucosal diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare MUC1 expression level in oral mucosal epithelial cells of the elderly with that of young adults. DESIGN Thirty elderly (mean age, 71.1±4.6 years) and thirty young (mean age, 26.4±2.4 years) adults (15 men and 15 women in each group) were included. Oral examination, including tooth, periodontal, and oral mucosal status, was performed and whole saliva samples were collected along with flow rate measurements. Precipitates of stimulated whole saliva were used for the evaluation of MUC1 expression using real-time PCR. Clarified supernatants were used for the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the amounts of MUC1 transcripts in elderly subjects compared with those of young subjects, a result seen in both men (0.589-fold) and women (0.547-fold). The MUC1 expression level was not correlated with salivary cytokine level but did show a significant positive correlation with the level of periodontal inflammation (r(s)=0.505, P<0.01) in the elderly group. CONCLUSIONS Oral mucosal defence provided by MUC1 was decreased in the elderly; this decrease may play a role in the development of oral mucosal diseases in the aged population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Ic Chang
- Dept. of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yunkeun-Dong 28, Chongro-Ku, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Expression of MUC1 mucin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 48:417-24. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
39
|
Choi S, Park YS, Koga T, Treloar A, Kim KC. TNF-α is a key regulator of MUC1, an anti-inflammatory molecule, during airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:255-60. [PMID: 20448050 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0323oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muc1 is a heterodimeric mucin that is expressed on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells as well as hematopoietic cells. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that Muc1 suppresses inflammatory responses induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). In this study, we sought to determine, using intact animals (C57BL/6 mice), whether the expression of Muc1 is important during airway PA infection, and how Muc1 levels are controlled during inflammation. Our results showed that: (1) Muc1 levels in the wild-type (WT) mice were initially low, but gradually increased after PA inhalation, reaching a peak on Day 2, remaining elevated until Day 4, and then gradually decreasing to basal levels on Day 7; (2) TNF receptor 1(-/-) mice failed to increase Muc1 levels after PA infection; (3) after PA inhalation, more inflammatory cells were present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from either Muc1(-/-) or TNF receptor(-/-) mice compared with their WT control animals; (4) more apoptotic neutrophils were present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from WT mice compared with Muc1(-/-) mice. We conclude that Muc1(-/-) mice are more inflammatory than WT mice during airway PA infection as a result of both an increase in neutrophil influx and a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis. These results suggest that the up-regulation of Muc1 during airway PA infection might be crucial for suppressing excessive and prolonged inflammatory responses, and is induced mainly by TNF-α, the key proinflammatory mediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Choi
- Immunology and Asthma Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Albertsmeyer AC, Kakkassery V, Spurr-Michaud S, Beeks O, Gipson IK. Effect of pro-inflammatory mediators on membrane-associated mucins expressed by human ocular surface epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:444-51. [PMID: 20036239 PMCID: PMC2880853 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated mucins are altered on the ocular surface in non-Sjögren's dry eye. This study sought to determine if inflammatory mediators, present in tears of dry eye patients, regulate membrane-associated mucins MUC1 and -16 at the level of gene expression, protein biosynthesis and/or ectodomain release. A human corneal limbal epithelial cell line (HCLE), which produces membrane-associated mucins, was used. Cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-6, -8, or -17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or a combination of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, or IFN-gamma and IL-17, for 1, 6, 24, or 48 h. Presence of receptors for these mediators was verified by RT-PCR. Effects of the cytokines on expression levels of MUC1 and -16 were determined by real-time PCR, and on mucin protein biosynthesis and ectodomain release in cell lysates and culture media, respectively, by immunoblot analysis. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma each significantly induced MUC1 expression, cellular protein content and ectodomain release over time. Combined treatment with the two cytokines was not additive. By comparison, one of the inflammatory mediators, IFN-gamma, affected all three parameters-gene expression, cellular protein, and ectodomain release-for MUC16. Combined treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma showed effects similar to IFN-gamma alone, except that ectodomain release followed that of TNF-alpha, which induced MUC16 ectodomain release. In conclusion, inflammatory mediators present in tears of dry eye patients can affect MUC1 and -16 on corneal epithelial cells and may be responsible for alterations of surface mucins in dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Albertsmeyer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Spurr-Michaud
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Beeks
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilene K. Gipson
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kato K, Lillehoj EP, Kai H, Kim KC. MUC1 expression by human airway epithelial cells mediates Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2010; 2:68-77. [PMID: 20036855 DOI: 10.2741/e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human MUC1 (Muc1 in animals) is an extensively O-glycosylated membrane-tethered mucin expressed on the surface of epithelial cells and some cells of the hematopoietic system. Recently, we showed that the hamster Muc1 on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells served as a binding site for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) through interaction between bacterial flagellin and the Muc1 ectodomain. Because CHO cells are known to produce an atypical pattern of protein glycosylation, we determined whether or not PA interacted with MUC1 endogenously expressed on human airway epithelial cells. Knock down of MUC1 expression in bronchial (NuLi-1) or alveolar (A549) epithelial cells by RNA interference significantly reduced PA binding to the cells. Conversely, over-expression of MUC1 in HEK293 cells increased bacterial adherence. By confocal microscopy, PA and MUC1 were colocalized on the surface of NuLi-1 cells. Taken together, these results confirm our previous observations in CHO cells and suggest that MUC1 serves as a binding site for PA on the surface of airway epithelial cells, which may have important consequences in the pathogenesis of PA lung infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Department of Physiology and Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Budiu RA, Diaconu I, Chrissluis R, Dricu A, Edwards RP, Vlad AM. A conditional mouse model for human MUC1-positive endometriosis shows the presence of anti-MUC1 antibodies and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Dis Model Mech 2009; 2:593-603. [PMID: 19841240 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.002535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of tissue implants resembling endometrial glands outside of the uterus, at ectopic sites, frequently on the ovarian surface. The ectopic lesions are often invasive, resistant to therapy, and may predispose to endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors. The complex mechanisms leading to chronic endometriosis are mediated partly by impaired immune surveillance in the host. Although innate immunity has been addressed previously, the response of adaptive immune effectors to specific antigens has not been characterized, mostly because very few endometriosis antigens have been defined to date. We postulated that the mucin 1 (MUC1) glycoprotein, which is normally present on eutopic human endometrial glands and overexpressed in endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors, is also present in ectopic lesions of ovarian endometriosis. Furthermore, changes in MUC1 expression in endometriosis could promote adaptive anti-MUC1 immunity that might play a role in the malignant progression. To test our hypothesis, we crossed MUC1 transgenic mice, which express human MUC1 under the endogenous promoter, with the loxP-Stop-loxP-Kras(G12D/+) (Kras) mice, in which endometriosis can be induced through Cre-loxP recombination. The double transgenic MUC1Kras mice develop benign, MUC1-positive ovarian lesions, closely resembling human endometriosis. Subsequent to disease induction, the mice generate high titers of IgM and IgG antibodies that are specific for MUC1. Antibodies appear early in disease and the predominance of the IgG1 subclass suggests Th2-driven immunity. Immune phenotyping revealed an accumulation of Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the draining lymph nodes at late-stage disease. Furthermore, our observations in human endometriosis showed a similar recruitment of FOXP3+ CD4 T cells. Overall, our results reveal a Th2/Treg-dominant natural immunity in endometriosis with potential implications for cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca A Budiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Elevated aromatase expression correlates with cervical carcinoma progression. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 114:496-500. [PMID: 19555998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously demonstrated that aromatase mRNA is induced in cervical carcinomas compared to normal tissue, suggesting that in situ aromatase expression leading to elevated local estrogen production may contribute to cervical carcinogensis. Our objectives are to examine 1) whether aromatase protein and activity are induced in cervical carcinomas, 2) aromatase expression correlates with disease stage, and 3) inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNFalpha) may correlate with aromatase expression. METHODS RNA and protein were isolated from human cervical carcinomas and normal cervical biopsies to examine aromatase expression, using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Aromatase activity in tissue was measured using the tritiated water release method. IL-6 and TNFalpha expression was also examined. RESULTS Aromatase protein and activity levels were increased in cervical carcinomas compared to normal tissue. RNA levels correlated significantly with disease progression, with highest aromatase expression detected in stage IV tumors (p<0.001, R(2)=0.77). Aromatase promoters 1.3 and 1.4 were elevated in cervical carcinomas and in cervical cancer cells. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFalpha, known to induce aromatase, significantly correlated with aromatase expression (R(2)>0.9). TNFalpha treatment induced aromatase expression in cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSION Increased aromatase protein and activity in cervical carcinomas and the correlation of its expression with disease stage implicates it in cervical carcinogenesis. The correlation of IL-6 and TNFalpha expression with aromatase suggests that these inflammatory cytokines may induce aromatase expression, which is confirmed by induction of aromatase expression due to TNFalpha treatment of cervical cancer cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hori Y, Sugiyama H, Soma T, Nishida K. Expression of Membrane-associated Mucins in Cultivated Human Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Cornea 2007; 26:S65-9. [PMID: 17881919 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31812f6c95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Membrane-associated mucins present in the cells of the ocular surface epithelium (MUC1, -4, and -16) are believed to contribute to the maintenance of the health and wet surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies have reported the use of cultivated oral mucosal epithelial sheet transplantation for reconstruction of the ocular surface. We studied the expression of membrane-associated mucins in cultivated human oral mucosal epithelial sheets and compared it with that in human ocular surface epithelial cells. METHODS Specimens (3 x 3 mm) of oral mucosal tissue were harvested from healthy volunteers. The oral mucosal epithelial cells obtained from the specimens, the corneal epithelial cells, or an oral mucosal cell line (KB cells) were cultured together with mitomycin C-treated 3T3 feeder cells on temperature-responsive culture surfaces for 2 weeks to produce stratified cell sheets. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of membrane-associated mucins (MUC1, -3, -4, -12, -13, -15, -16, and -17) in these cells. RESULTS MUC1, -4, and -16 but not -3, -12, -13, -15, or -17 mRNA was detected in the oral mucosal epithelial sheet and in the corneal epithelial sheet. KB cells, although unable to produce a stratified cell sheet, showed expression of MUC1, -12, -13, and -16 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The membrane-associated mucins of the ocular surface, MUC1, -4, and -16, are expressed in human oral mucosal epithelial sheets and corneal epithelium. These membrane-associated mucins may therefore contribute to ocular surface reconstruction after oral mucosal epithelial sheet transplantation for patients with severe ocular surface disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song J, Duncan MJ, Li G, Chan C, Grady R, Stapleton A, Abraham SN. A novel TLR4-mediated signaling pathway leading to IL-6 responses in human bladder epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e60. [PMID: 17465679 PMCID: PMC1857715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vigorous cytokine response of immune cells to Gram-negative bacteria is primarily mediated by a recognition molecule, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and initiates a series of intracellular NF-κB–associated signaling events. Recently, bladder epithelial cells (BECs) were reported to express TLR4 and to evoke a vigorous cytokine response upon exposure to LPS. We examined intracellular signaling events in human BECs leading to the production of IL-6, a major urinary cytokine, following activation by Escherichia coli and isolated LPS. We observed that in addition to the classical NF-κB–associated pathway, TLR4 triggers a distinct and more rapid signaling response involving, sequentially, Ca2+, adenylyl cyclase 3–generated cAMP, and a transcriptional factor, cAMP response element–binding protein. This capacity of BECs to mobilize secondary messengers and evoke a more rapid IL-6 response might be critical in their role as first responders to microbial challenge in the urinary tract. In spite of frequent cross contamination by bacteria from the gut, urinary tract infections are relatively infrequent. Although much of the credit goes to cells lining the urinary tract, such as bladder cells, how this is achieved remains unclear. Human bladder cells display, on their surfaces, special molecules called Toll-like receptors, which sense the presence of bacteria and trigger the cells to release a variety of chemicals called cytokines. Cytokines contribute to the recruitment of phagocytic cells from the blood to the site of infection to clear bacteria. In this paper, we reveal that the Toll-like receptor–initiated intracellular signals leading to the production of cytokines by bladder cells involve the same pathway seen in other cells, as well as an additional and more rapid signaling pathway. Rapid production of cytokines by bladder cells will facilitate early clearance of bacteria. Additionally, possession of multiple signaling pathways by bladder cells for producing cytokines is advantageous because bacteria that infect the urinary tract have the capability to suppress certain signaling events that lead to cytokine production by bladder cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Song
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Duncan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guojie Li
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Chan
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Grady
- Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ann Stapleton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kwon KH, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Jung HH. Analysis of gene expression profiles in cholesteatoma using oligonucleotide microarray. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126:691-7. [PMID: 16803706 DOI: 10.1080/00016480500475633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Microarray analysis may be a useful tool to identify some candidate genes related to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression profiles in human cholesteatoma using an oligonucleotide chip including 10,115 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression from five cholesteatoma matrices and five normal retroauricular skins was analyzed by Macrogen human oligo-chip and the expression levels of some selected genes were also confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS In all, 1327 up-regulated or 767 down-regulated genes that were over 3 times more prominent in cholesteatoma than in skin were identified by 5 samples of microarray data. Among these up-regulated or down-regulated genes in cholesteatoma, 291 genes were identified in 3 samples or more out of 5 samples as up-regulated expression more than threefold in density and 191 genes were down-regulated more than threefold in density. RT-PCR of 21 selected genes revealed that those expression levels were higher in choleasteatoma than retroauricular skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Andrian E, Grenier D, Rouabhia M. Porphyromonas gingivalis-epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis. J Dent Res 2006; 85:392-403. [PMID: 16632751 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Indeed, modulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier by pathogenic bacteria appears to be a critical step in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have developed different strategies to perturb the structural and functional integrity of the gingival epithelium. P. gingivalis adheres to, invades, and replicates within human epithelial cells. Adhesion of P. gingivalis to host cells is multimodal and involves the interaction of bacterial cell-surface adhesins with receptors expressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells. Internalization of P. gingivalis within host cells is rapid and requires both bacterial contact-dependent components and host-induced signaling pathways. P. gingivalis also subverts host responses to bacterial challenges by inactivating immune cells and molecules and by activating host processes leading to tissue destruction. The adaptive ability of these pathogens that allows them to survive within host cells and degrade periodontal tissue constituents may contribute to the initiation and progression of periodontitis. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between P. gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Andrian
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liévin-Le Moal V, Servin AL. The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19:315-37. [PMID: 16614252 PMCID: PMC1471992 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.19.2.315-337.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that combines resident microbiota and the cells of various phenotypes with complex metabolic activities that line the epithelial wall. The intestinal cells that make up the epithelium provide physical and chemical barriers that protect the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms that hijack the cellular molecules and signaling pathways of the host and become pathogenic. Some of the organisms making up the intestinal microbiota also have microbicidal effects that contribute to the barrier against enteric pathogens. This review describes the two cell lineages present in the intestinal epithelium: the goblet cells and the Paneth cells, both of which play a pivotal role in the first line of enteric defense by producing mucus and antimicrobial peptides, respectively. We also analyze recent insights into the intestinal microbiota and the mechanisms by which some resident species act as a barrier to enteric pathogens. Moreover, this review examines whether the cells producing mucins or antimicrobial peptides and the resident microbiota act in partnership and whether they function individually and/or synergistically to provide the host with an effective front line of defense against harmful enteric pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal
- Unité 756 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, Signalisation et Physiopathologie des Cellules Epithéliales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-92296 Chātenay-Malabry, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas are devastating cancers that are increasing in both their worldwide incidence and mortality rates. The challenges posed by these often lethal biliary tract cancers are daunting, with conventional treatment options being limited and the only hope for long-term survival being that of complete surgical resection of the tumor. Unfortunately, the vast majority of patients with cholangiocarcinoma typically seek treatment with advanced disease, and often these patients are deemed poor candidates for curative surgery. Moreover, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not been shown to be effective in prolonging long-term survival, and although photodynamic therapy combined with stenting has been reported to be effective as a palliative treatment, it is not curative. Thus, there is a real need to develop novel chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic strategies for cholangiocarcinoma based on exploiting select molecular targets that would impact in a significant way on clinical outcome. This review focuses on potential preventive targets in cholangiocarcinogenesis, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and altered bile acid signaling pathways. In addition, molecular alterations related to dysregulation of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and survival, aberrant gene expression, invasion and metastasis, and tumor microenvironment are described in the context of various clinical and pathological presentations. Moreover, an emphasis is placed on the importance of critical signaling pathways and postulated interactions, including those of ErbB-2, hepatocyte growth factor/Met, interleukin-6/glycoprotein130, cyclooxygenase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, MUC1 and MUC4, beta-catenin, telomerase, and Fas pathways as potential molecular therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse E Sirica
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298-0297, USA.
| |
Collapse
|