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Lei Y, Shen HF, Li QW, Yang S, Xie HT, Li XF, Chen ML, Xia JW, Wang SC, Dai GQ, Zhou Y, Li YC, Huang SH, He DH, Zhou ZH, Cong JG, Lin XL, Lin TY, Wu AB, Xiao D, Xiao SJ, Zhang XK, Jia JS. Hairy gene homolog increases nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell stemness by upregulating Bmi-1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204742. [PMID: 37219449 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) is overexpressed in various cancer types. We found that Bmi-1 mRNA levels were elevated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. In immunohistochemical analyses, high Bmi-1 levels were observed in not only 5 of 38 non-cancerous nasopharyngeal squamous epithelial biopsies, but also in 66 of 98 NPC specimens (67.3%). High Bmi-1 levels were detected more frequently in T3-T4, N2-N3 and stage III-IV NPC biopsies than in T1-T2, N0-N1 and stage I-II NPC samples, indicating that Bmi-1 is upregulated in advanced NPC. In 5-8F and SUNE1 NPC cells, stable depletion of Bmi-1 using lentiviral RNA interference greatly suppressed cell proliferation, induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest, reduced cell stemness and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Likewise, knocking down Bmi-1 inhibited NPC cell growth in nude mice. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation and Western blotting assays demonstrated that Hairy gene homolog (HRY) upregulated Bmi-1 by binding to its promoter, thereby increasing the stemness of NPC cells. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that HRY expression correlated positively with Bmi-1 expression in a cohort of NPC biopsies. These findings suggested that HRY promotes NPC cell stemness by upregulating Bmi-1, and that silencing Bmi-1 can suppress NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Southern Medical Laboratory Animal Sci and Tech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi-Wen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Ting Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xu-Feng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xia
- The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Sheng-Chun Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guan-Qi Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying-Chun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dan-Hua He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin-Ge Cong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Southern Medical Laboratory Animal Sci and Tech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Tao-Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ai-Bing Wu
- Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Southern Medical Laboratory Animal Sci and Tech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xin-Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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2
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplantation of adult hematopoietic stem cells is an important therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from diverse hematological disorders. All types of blood cells can develop from a single hematopoietic stem cell underlining their enormous potential. Intense efforts are ongoing to generate “engraftable” human hematopoietic stem cells to treat hematopoietic diseases and to understand the molecular machinery driving them. Leukemic stem cells represent a low frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties. They can instigate, maintain, and serially propagate leukemia in vivo, while they retain the capacity to differentiate into committed progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are unaffected by many therapeutic strategies and represent the major cause of relapse. We here describe all methods to maintain and expand murine and human hematopoietic cells in culture and describe their specific advantages. These methods are also employed to understand the biology of leukemic stem cells and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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3
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is the remarkable process by which extremely rare, normally inactive cells of the bone marrow can replace an entire organ if called to do so by injury or harnessed by transplantation. HSC research is arguably the first quantitative single-cell science and the foundation of adult stem cell biology. Bone marrow transplant is the oldest and most refined technique of regenerative medicine. Here we review the intertwined history of the discovery of HSCs and bone marrow transplant, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HSC self-renewal, and the use of HSCs and their derivatives for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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4
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Yang M, He M, Liu X, Gu J, Xu S, Feng Z, Li Y, Yin J, Gao H, Song H, Xu H, Wang C, Ji Q, Ma S, Yang W, Yuan W, Xie XQ, Cheng T, Gao Y. Enhanced self-renewal of human long-term hematopoietic stem cells by a sulfamoyl benzoate derivative targeting p18INK4C. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3362-72. [PMID: 34477819 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of umbilical cord blood transplant has been substantially limited by the finite number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a single umbilical cord blood unit. Small molecules that not only quantitatively but also qualitatively stimulate enhancement of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal ex vivo should facilitate the clinical use of HSC transplantation and gene therapy. Recent evidence has suggested that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p18INK4C (p18), is a critical regulator of mice HSC self-renewal. The role of p18 in human HSCs and the effect of p18 inhibitor on human HSC expansion ex vivo need further studies. Here we report that knockdown of p18 allowed for an increase in long-term colony-forming cells in vitro. We then identified an optimized small molecule inhibitor of p18, 005A, to induce ex vivo expansion of HSCs that was capable of reconstituting human hematopoiesis for at least 4 months in immunocompromised mice, and hence, similarly reconstituted secondary recipients for at least 4 more months, indicating that cells exposed to 005A were still competent in secondary recipients. Mechanistic studies showed that 005A might delay cell division and activate both the Notch signaling pathway and expression of transcription factor HoxB4, leading to enhancement of the self-renewal of long-term engrafting HSCs and the pool of progenitor cells. Taken together, these observations support a role for p18 in human HSC maintenance and that the p18 inhibitor 005A can enhance the self-renewal of long-term HSCs.
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Wu L, Li X, Lin Q, Chowdhury F, Mazumder MH, Du W. FANCD2 and HES1 suppress inflammation-induced PPARɣ to prevent haematopoietic stem cell exhaustion. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:652-663. [PMID: 33222180 PMCID: PMC7856217 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia protein FANCD2 suppresses PPARƔ to maintain haematopoietic stem cell's (HSC) function; however, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that FANCD2 acts in concert with the Notch target HES1 to suppress inflammation-induced PPARƔ in HSC maintenance. Loss of HES1 exacerbates FANCD2-KO HSC defects. However, deletion of HES1 does not cause more severe inflammation-mediated HSC defects in FANCD2-KO mice, indicating that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for limiting detrimental effects of inflammation on HSCs. Further analysis shows that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for transcriptional repression of inflammation-activated PPARg promoter. Inflammation orchestrates an overlapping transcriptional programme in HSPCs deficient for FANCD2 and HES1, featuring upregulation of genes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation. Loss of FANCD2 or HES1 augments both basal and inflammation-primed FAO. Targeted inhibition of PPARƔ or the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) reduces FAO and ameliorates HSC defects in inflammation-primed HSPCs deleted for FANCD2 or HES1 or both. Finally, depletion of PPARg or CPT1 restores quiescence in these mutant HSCs under inflammatory stress. Our results suggest that this novel FANCD2/HES1/PPARƔ axis may constitute a key component of immunometabolic regulation, connecting inflammation, cellular metabolism and HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Fabliha Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Md H. Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Abstract
Canonical Notch signaling is one of the most conserved signaling cascades. It regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell fate maintenance in a variety of biological systems during development and cancer (Fortini, 2009; Kopan and Ilagan, 2009; Andersson et al., 2011; Ntziachristos et al., 2014). For the hematopoietic system, during embryonic development, Notch1 is essential for the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the aorta-gornado-mesonephro regions of the dorsal aorta. At adult stage, Notch receptors and Notch targets are expressed at different levels in diverse hematopoietic cell types and influence lineage choices. For example, Notch specifies T cell lineage over B cells. However, there has been a long-lasting debate on whether Notch signaling is required for the maintenance of adult HSCs, utilizing transgenic animals inactivating different components of the Notch signaling pathway in HSCs or niche cells. The aims of the current mini-review are to summarize the evidence that disapproves or supports such hypothesis and point at imperative questions waiting to be addressed; hence, some of the seemingly contradictory findings could be reconciled. We need to better delineate the Notch signaling events using biochemical assays to identify direct Notch targets within HSCs or niche cells in specific biological context. More importantly, we call for more elaborate studies that pertain to whether niche cell type (vascular endothelial cells or other stromal cell)-specific Notch ligands regulate the differentiation of T cells in solid tumors during the progression of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We believe that the investigation of vascular endothelial cells' or other stromal cell types' interaction with hematopoietic cells during homeostasis and stress can offer insights toward specific and effective Notch-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- McCann Health Medical Communications, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Disease, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - George W Ye
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peipei Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Sun Q, Fu Y, Zhu X, Tan WS, Cai H. Continuous NF-κB pathway inhibition promotes expansion of human phenotypical hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells through metabolism regulation. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112468. [PMID: 33428903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo expansion is critical in facilitating their widespread clinical application. NF-κB pathway is implicated in the energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation. To explore the effect of NF-κB pathway on the ex vivo HSPC expansion and metabolism, the 50 nM-1 μM inhibitor of NF-κB pathway TPCA-1 was used to expand cord blood derived CD34+ cells in serum-free culture. The expansion folds, function, mitochondrial profile and metabolism of HSPCs were determined. After 10 days of culture with 100 nM TPCA-1, the expansion of total cells, CD34+CD38- cells, and CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ cells were significantly increased compared to the cytokine priming alone. Notably, TPCA-1 treatment generated ~ 2-fold greater percentage of CD34+EPCR+ and CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ cells compared to cytokine only conditions. Moreover, TPCA-1 expanded CD34+ cells displayed enhanced serial colonies forming potential and secondary expansion capability. NF-κB inhibition increased the expression of self-renewal related genes, while downregulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator (Pgc1α) and mitochondrial chaperones and proteases (ClpP, Hsp10, Hsp60). Mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were markedly decreased with TPCA-1 treatment, leading to the reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HSPCs. NF-κB inhibition displayed augmented glycolysis rate with compromising mitochondrial metabolism. This study demonstrated that NF-κB pathway inhibition improved glycolysis and limited ROS production that promoted the ex vivo expansion and maintenance of functional HSPCs.
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8
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Takam Kamga P, Bazzoni R, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Tanasi I, Russignan A, Tecchio C, Krampera M. The Role of Notch and Wnt Signaling in MSC Communication in Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599276. [PMID: 33490067 PMCID: PMC7820188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling are highly conserved intercellular communication pathways involved in developmental processes, such as hematopoiesis. Even though data from literature support a role for these two pathways in both physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia, there are still many controversies concerning the nature of their contribution. Early studies, strengthened by findings from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), have focused their investigation on the mutations in genes encoding for components of the pathways, with limited results except for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in because in other leukemia the two pathways could be hyper-expressed without genetic abnormalities. As normal and malignant hematopoiesis require close and complex interactions between hematopoietic cells and specialized bone marrow (BM) niche cells, recent studies have focused on the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the context of normal crosstalk between hematopoietic/leukemia cells and stromal components. Amongst the latter, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells capable of giving rise to most of the BM niche stromal cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Indeed, MSCs express and secrete a broad pattern of bioactive molecules, including Notch and Wnt molecules, that support all the phases of the hematopoiesis, including self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we provide an overview on recent advances on the contribution of MSC-derived Notch and Wnt signaling to hematopoiesis and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Russignan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Kang YA, Pietras EM, Passegué E. Deregulated Notch and Wnt signaling activates early-stage myeloid regeneration pathways in leukemia. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133549. [PMID: 31886826 PMCID: PMC7062512 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting commonly altered mechanisms in leukemia can provide additional treatment options. Here, we show that an inducible pathway of myeloid regeneration involving the remodeling of the multipotent progenitor (MPP) compartment downstream of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is commonly hijacked in myeloid malignancies. We establish that differential regulation of Notch and Wnt signaling transiently triggers myeloid regeneration from HSCs in response to stress, and that constitutive low Notch and high Wnt activity in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) maintains this pathway activated in malignancies. We also identify compensatory crosstalk mechanisms between Notch and Wnt signaling that prevent damaging HSC function, MPP production, and blood output in conditions of high Notch and low Wnt activity. Finally, we demonstrate that restoring Notch and Wnt deregulated activity in LSCs attenuates disease progression. Our results uncover a mechanism that controls myeloid regeneration and early lineage decisions in HSCs and could be targeted in LSCs to normalize leukemic myeloid cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-A Kang
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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10
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop at several anatomical locations and are thought to undergo different niche regulatory cues originating from highly conserved cell signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, TGF-β family, and Hedgehog signaling. Most insight into these pathways has been obtained by reporter models and loss- or gain of function experiments, yet results differ in many cases according to the approach. In this review, we discuss existing murine reporter models regarding these pathways, considering the genetic constructs and reporter proteins in the context of HSC studies; yet these models are relevant for all other stem cell systems. Lastly, we describe a multi-reporter model to properly study and understand the cross-pathway interaction and how reporter models are highly valuable tools to understand complex signaling dynamics in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank. J.T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, L3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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11
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Abstract
The self-renewal capacity of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) supports blood system homeostasis throughout life and underlies the curative capacity of clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, despite extensive characterization of the HSC state in the adult bone marrow and embryonic fetal liver, the mechanism of HSC self-renewal has remained elusive. This Review presents our current understanding of HSC self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo, and discusses important advances in ex vivo HSC expansion that are providing new biological insights and offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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12
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Ma Z, Xu J, Wu L, Wang J, Lin Q, Chowdhury FA, Mazumder MHH, Hu G, Li X, Du W. Hes1 deficiency causes hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion. Stem Cells 2020; 38:756-768. [PMID: 32129527 PMCID: PMC7260087 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Hairy Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1) plays an essential role in the development of many organs by promoting the maintenance of stem/progenitor cells, controlling the reversibility of cellular quiescence, and regulating both cell fate decisions. Deletion of Hes1 in mice results in severe defects in multiple organs and is lethal in late embryogenesis. Here we have investigated the role of HES1 in hematopoiesis using a hematopoietic lineage‐specific Hes1 knockout mouse model. We found that while Hes1 is dispensable for steady‐state hematopoiesis, Hes1‐deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo exhaustion under replicative stress. Loss of Hes1 upregulates the expression of genes involved in PPARγ signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways, and augments fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in Hes1f/fVav1Cre HSCs and progenitors. Functionally, PPARγ targeting or FAO inhibition ameliorates the repopulating defects of Hes1f/fVav1Cre HSCs through improving quiescence in HSCs. Lastly, transcriptome analysis reveals that disruption of Hes1 in hematopoietic lineage alters expression of genes critical to HSC function, PPARγ signaling, and fatty acid metabolism. Together, our findings identify a novel role of HES1 in regulating stress hematopoiesis and provide mechanistic insight into the function of HES1 in HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabliha A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Md Habibul H Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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13
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Aldahl J, Yu EJ, He Y, Hooker E, Wong M, Le V, Olson A, Lee DH, Kim WK, Murtaugh CL, Cunha GR, Sun Z. A pivotal role of androgen signaling in Notch-responsive cells in prostate development, maturation, and regeneration. Differentiation 2019; 107:1-10. [PMID: 30927641 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen signaling is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration. Emerging evidence also indicates a regulatory role of Notch signaling in prostate development, differentiation, and growth. However, the collaborative regulatory mechanisms of androgen and Notch signaling during prostate development, growth, and regeneration are largely unknown. Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (Hes1) is a transcriptional regulator of Notch signaling pathways, and its expression is responsive to Notch signaling. Hes1-expressing cells have been shown to possess the regenerative capability to repopulate a variety of adult tissues. In this study, we developed new mouse models to directly assess the role of the androgen receptor in prostatic Hes1-expressing cells. Selective deletion of AR expression in embryonic Hes1-expressing cells impeded early prostate development both in vivo and in tissue xenograft experiments. Prepubescent deletion of AR expression in Hes1-expressing cells resulted in prostate glands containing abnormalities in cell morphology and gland architecture. A population of castration-resistant Hes1-expressing cells was revealed in the adult prostate, with the ability to repopulate prostate epithelium following androgen supplementation. Deletion of AR in Hes1-expressing cells diminishes their regenerative ability. These lines of evidence demonstrate a critical role for the AR in Notch-responsive cells during the course of prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration, and implicate a mechanism underlying interaction between the androgen and Notch signaling pathways in the mouse prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA
| | - Monica Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Charles L Murtaugh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA.
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14
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Tajer P, Pike-Overzet K, Arias S, Havenga M, Staal FJT. Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Therapeutic Purposes: Lessons from Development and the Niche. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020169. [PMID: 30781676 PMCID: PMC6407064 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for therapeutic purposes has been a “holy grail” in the field for many years. Ex vivo expansion of HSCs can help to overcome material shortage for transplantation purposes and genetic modification protocols. In this review, we summarize improved understanding in blood development, the effect of niche and conservative signaling pathways on HSCs in mice and humans, and also advances in ex vivo culturing protocols of human HSCs with cytokines or small molecule compounds. Different expansion protocols have been tested in clinical trials. However, an optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs still has not been found yet. Translating and implementing new findings from basic research (for instance by using genetic modification of human HSCs) into clinical protocols is crucial to improve ex vivo expansion and eventually boost stem cell gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tajer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sagrario Arias
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Menzo Havenga
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Li Y, Chu J, Feng W, Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Xu J, Li J, Vasilatos SN, Fu Z, Huang Y, Yin Y. EPHA5 mediates trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancers through regulating cancer stem cell-like properties. FASEB J 2019; 33:4851-4865. [PMID: 30620624 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701561rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a successful, rationally designed therapy that provides significant clinical benefit for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients. However, about half of individuals with HER2-positive breast cancer do not respond to trastuzumab treatment because of various resistance mechanisms, including but not limited to: 1) shedding of the HER2 extracellular domain, 2) steric hindrance ( e.g., MUC4 and MUC1), 3) parallel pathway activation (this is the general mechanism cited in the quote above), 4) perturbation of downstream signaling events ( e.g., PTEN loss or PIK3CA mutation), and 5) immunologic mechanisms (such as FcR polymorphisms). EPHA5, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been demonstrated to act as an anticancer agent in several cancer cell types. In this study, deletion of EPHA5 can significantly increase the resistance of HER2-positive breast cancer patients to trastuzumab. To investigate how EPHA5 deficiency induces trastuzumab resistance, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat technology was used to create EPHA5-deficient variants of breast cancer cells. EPHA5 deficiency effectively increases breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like properties, including NANOG, CD133+, E-cadherin expression, and the CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype, concomitantly enhancing mammosphere-forming ability. EPHA5 deficiency also caused significant aggrandized tumor malignancy in trastuzumab-sensitive xenografts, coinciding with the up-regulation of BCSC-related markers and intracellular Notch1 and PTEN/AKT signaling pathway activation. These findings highlight that EPHA5 is a potential prognostic marker for the activity of Notch1 and better sensitivity to trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. Moreover, patients with HER2-positive breast cancers expressing high Notch1 activation and low EPHA5 expression could be the best candidates for anti-Notch1 therapy.-Li, Y., Chu, J., Feng, W., Yang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Qin, Y., Xu, J., Li, J., Vasilatos, S. N., Fu, Z., Huang, Y., Yin, Y. EPHA5 mediates trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancers through regulating cancer stem cell-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and.,Department of Breast Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC)/Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanting Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Juan Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shauna N Vasilatos
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kim A, Shim S, Kim MJ, Myung JK, Park S. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated Notch2 activation overcomes radiation-induced injury of the hematopoietic system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9277. [PMID: 29915190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure severely damages the hematopoietic system. Although several radio-protectors have been proposed to prevent radiation-induced damage, most agents have limited efficacy. In the present study, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could contribute to the expansion of hematopoietic cells and mitigate radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in vitro and in vivo. We found that co-culture with MSCs promoted hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell (HPSCs) maintenance by providing a bone marrow-like microenvironment. In addition, we showed that MSCs prevented radiation-induced damage to HPSCs, as evidenced by the lack of DNA damage and apoptosis. Intravenously injected MSCs rapidly migrated to the bone marrow (BM) and prevented loss of BM cellularity, which reduced lethality and ameliorated pancytopenia in the BM of whole body-irradiated mice. We demonstrated that MSC-derived Jagged1 attenuated radiation-induced cytotoxicity of HPSCs, and that this was mediated by Notch signaling and expression of downstream proteins Bcl2 and p63 in HPSCs. In addition, Notch2 depletion significantly reduced the MSC-mediated radio-protective effect in human- and mouse-derived HPSCs. Collectively, our data show that activation of Notch and its associated downstream signaling pathways prevent radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Therefore, enhancing Jagged1-Notch2 signaling could provide therapeutic benefit by protecting the hematopoietic system against damage after radiation.
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17
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Gong Y, Zhao M, Yang W, Gao A, Yin X, Hu L, Wang X, Xu J, Hao S, Cheng T, Cheng H. Megakaryocyte-derived excessive transforming growth factor β1 inhibits proliferation of normal hematopoietic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2018; 60:40-46.e2. [PMID: 29307605 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Impaired production of healthy hematopoietic cells from residual hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to high mortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous studies have identified p21 and Egr3 as intrinsic factors responsible for the growth arrest and differentiation blockade of normal HSCs in leukemia; however, the related extrinsic factors remain unknown. In this study, we found that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling was upregulated in HSCs from bone marrow of mice with MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because of excessive production of TGFβ1, especially from megakaryocytes, and overactivation of latent TGFβ1 protein. We also found that SMAD3, a signal transducer of TGFβ1, directly bound to Egr3 and upregulated its expression to arrest proliferation of HSCs. Our study provides evidence for targeting TGFβ1 in AML to rectify normal hematopoiesis defects in clinical practice.
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18
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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19
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Mizuno S, Iino T, Ozawa H, Arinobu Y, Chong Y, Akashi K. Notch1 expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level by the 3' untranslated region in hematopoietic stem cell development. Int J Hematol 2017; 107:311-319. [PMID: 29098541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In hematopoiesis, the expression of critical genes is regulated in a stage-specific manner to maintain normal hematopoiesis. Notch1 is an essential gene involved in the commitment and development of the T-cell lineage. However, the regulation of Notch1 in hematopoiesis is controversial, particularly at the level of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Here, we found that the expression of Notch1 is controlled at the post-transcriptional level in HSCs. HSCs express a considerable level of Notch1 mRNA, but its protein level is very low, suggesting a post-transcriptional suppression for Notch1. Using a retroviral sensor vector expressing a fusion mRNA of GFP and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of a target gene, we demonstrated that the Notch1-3'UTR had a post-translational suppressive effect only at the HSC but not in the downstream progenitor stages. The sequence motif AUnA was required for this post-transcriptional regulation by the Notch1-3'UTR. Interestingly, this Notch1-3'UTR-mediated suppressive effect was relieved when HSCs were placed in the thymus, but not in the bone marrow. Thus, the expression of Notch1 in HSCs is regulated by microenvironment at the post-transcriptional level, which may control T lymphoid lineage commitment from HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Tadafumi Iino
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Ozawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDs, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mortality and morbidity associated with leukemia are largely due to frequently occurring cytopenias or the dysfunction of normal blood cells in patients. Our knowledge of how normal blood cells degenerate in response to leukemic cell infiltration has been quite limited. This review summarizes recent findings and discusses both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that leukemic cells are able to remodel the bone marrow niche by secreting specific cytokines or dampening its hematopoietic-supporting functions. In turn, a suitable microenvironment for leukemic cell proliferation but not for normal hematopoietic cell growth is created. Intrinsically, the leukemic condition impairs the normalcy of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and alters their signaling networks; consequently, it exhausts hematopoietic progenitor cells and forces stem cells into a more quiescent state, which would allow a reversible suppression of hematopoietic regeneration. The deepened quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells in leukemic marrow was achieved in part via transcription factor Egr3. SUMMARY These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic suppression in response to leukemic cell outgrowth and offer new strategies to further improve current therapies for leukemias, placing more emphasis on the augmentation of normal hematopoietic regeneration when targeting leukemic cells.
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21
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Zhu G, Wang X, Xiao H, Liu X, Fang Y, Zhai B, Xu R, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Shen B, Li Y, Ma N, Wu H, Liu G, Wang R. Both Notch1 and its ligands in B cells promote antibody production. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:17-23. [PMID: 28863329 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notch1 signaling regulates B and T lymphocyte development and also in vitro promotes antibody secretion upon B cell activation. However, it is still unclear about the role of Notch1 in antibody production upon in vitro and in vivo mixture lymphocytes activation. We first showed that Notch1 expressed in LPS-activated CD19hi B cells and CD19cre mediated Notch1 knock-down in LPS-activated B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch1 knock-down in B cells reduced antibody production in LPS-stimulated B cells but did not affect antibody production in LPS-stimulated splenocytes and in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Importantly, Notch1 ligands Dll1 and Jag1 expressed in B cells and pre-coated Notch1 protein promotes Notch1-knocked down B cells to produce antibody in LPS-stimulated B cells suggesting that Notch1 in other cells may promote antibody production by binding its ligands Dll1 and Jag1 in B cells. Together, our results suggest that both Notch1 and its ligands in B cells play an important role in antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Nephrology, The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Zhai
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
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22
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Li G, Zhao J, Cheng L, Jiang Q, Kan S, Qin E, Tu B, Zhang X, Zhang L, Su L, Zhang Z. HIV-1 infection depletes human CD34+CD38- hematopoietic progenitor cells via pDC-dependent mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006505. [PMID: 28759657 PMCID: PMC5552321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in patients leads to multi-lineage hematopoietic abnormalities or pancytopenia. The deficiency in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induced by HIV-1 infection has been proposed, but the relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. We report here that both human CD34+CD38- early and CD34+CD38+ intermediate HPCs were maintained in the bone marrow (BM) of humanized mice. Chronic HIV-1 infection preferentially depleted CD34+CD38- early HPCs in the BM and reduced their proliferation potential in vivo in both HIV-1-infected patients and humanized mice, while CD34+CD38+ intermediate HSCs were relatively unaffected. Strikingly, depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) prevented human CD34+CD38- early HPCs from HIV-1 infection-induced depletion and functional impairment and restored the gene expression profile of purified CD34+ HPCs in humanized mice. These findings suggest that pDCs contribute to the early hematopoietic suppression induced by chronic HIV-1 infection and provide a novel therapeutic target for the hematopoiesis suppression in HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Qi Jiang
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sheng Kan
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enqiang Qin
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lishan Su
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Key laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Understanding the signaling pathways that govern hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is fundamental to uncover their regulation and how this is skewed in hematological malignancies. Whether Notch is necessary for the regulation of mammalian HSPCs is still unclear. We therefore critically review the current literature on the role of Notch in HSPCs. Recent Findings HSPCs have shown different requirements for Notch signals in vitro and in vivo and at different stages of differentiation. Additionally, bone marrow niche cells activate Notch signaling in HSPCs enhancing their regenerative and self-renewal capacity. Summary Despite the controversy, adequate levels of Notch signaling appear necessary to avoid the development of hematological malignancies. Contrary to early studies, recent research suggests that Notch signaling may play a role in homeostatic and regenerative hematopoiesis but further investigation is necessary to understand how it is regulated by the different ligand/receptor pairings and the molecular mechanisms that are triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pereira Lampreia
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Joana Gonçalves Carmelo
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049–001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
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Zhang H, Sun W, Li X, Wang M, Boyce BF, Hilton MJ, Xing L. Use of Hes1-GFP reporter mice to assess activity of the Hes1 promoter in bone cells under chronic inflammation. Bone 2016; 90:80-9. [PMID: 27269414 PMCID: PMC4970899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis partially by controlling the formation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We reported that TNF activates Notch signaling in MSCs which inhibits osteoblast differentiation in TNF transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice, a mouse model of chronic inflammatory arthritis. In the current study, we used Hes1-GFP and Hes1-GFP/TNF-Tg mice to study the distribution and dynamic change of Notch active cells in normal and inflammatory bone loss and mechanisms mediating their enhanced proliferation. We found that Hes1-GFP+ cells are composed of cells expressing mesenchymal, hematopoietic and endothelial surface markers. CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells express high levels of mesenchymal markers and form CFU-F and CFU-ALP colonies. Expansion of CFU-F colonies is associated with a rapid increase in Hes1-GFP+ cell numbers and their GFP intensity. The GFP signal is lost when a CFU-F colony differentiates into an ALP+ osteoblast colony. TNF increases the numbers of CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells, which are stained negatively for osteoblast marker osteocalcin and localized adjacent to endosteal and trabecular bone surfaces. CD45-/Hes1-GFP+ cells in Hes1-GFP/TNF-Tg mice have increased BrdU incorporation and PDGFRβ levels. TNF increases the number of proliferating Hes1-GFP+ cells, which is prevented by a specific PDGFRβ inhibitor. Notch inhibition blocks TNF-mediated PDGFRβ expression and cell proliferation. Thus, TNF-induced MSC proliferation is mediated by PDGFRβ signal, which works at downstream of Notch. Hes1-GFP mice can be used to assess the activation status of Notch in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Medicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Unnisa Z, Singh KP, Henry EC, Donegan CL, Bennett JA, Gasiewicz TA. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency in an Exon 3 Deletion Mouse Model Promotes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation and Impacts Endosteal Niche Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4536187. [PMID: 27366154 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4536187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) family of proteins. The AHR is involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions including self-renewal, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation. We hypothesize that AHR impacts HSC functions by influencing genes that have roles in HSC maintenance and function and that this may occur through regulation of bone marrow (BM) niche cells. We examined BM and niche cells harvested from 8-week-old AHR null-allele (KO) mice in which exon 3 was deleted in the Ahr gene and compared these data to cells from B6 control mice; young and old (10 months) animals were also compared. We report changes in HSCs and peripheral blood cells in mice lacking AHR. Serial transplantation assays revealed a significant increase in long term HSCs. There was a significant increase in mesenchymal stem cells constituting the endosteal BM niche. Gene expression analyses of HSCs revealed an increase in expression of genes involved in proliferation and maintenance of quiescence. Our studies infer that loss of AHR results in increased proliferation and self-renewal of long term HSCs, in part, by influencing the microenvironment in the niche regulating the balance between quiescence and proliferation in HSCs.
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Cheng H, Liu Y, Jia Q, Ma S, Yuan W, Jia H, Cheng T. Novel regulators in hematopoietic stem cells can be revealed by a functional approach under leukemic condition. Leukemia 2016; 30:2074-7. [PMID: 27133818 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Weiss-Gayet M, Starck J, Chaabouni A, Chazaud B, Morlé F. Notch Stimulates Both Self-Renewal and Lineage Plasticity in a Subset of Murine CD9High Committed Megakaryocytic Progenitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153860. [PMID: 27089435 PMCID: PMC4835090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at reinvestigating the controversial contribution of Notch signaling to megakaryocytic lineage development. For that purpose, we combined colony assays and single cells progeny analyses of purified megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP) after short-term cultures on recombinant Notch ligand rDLL1. We showed that Notch activation stimulated the SCF-dependent and preferential amplification of Kit+ erythroid and bipotent progenitors while favoring commitment towards the erythroid at the expense of megakaryocytic lineage. Interestingly, we also identified a CD9High MEP subset that spontaneously generated almost exclusively megakaryocytic progeny mainly composed of single megakaryocytes. We showed that Notch activation decreased the extent of polyploidization and maturation of megakaryocytes, increased the size of megakaryocytic colonies and surprisingly restored the generation of erythroid and mixed colonies by this CD9High MEP subset. Importantly, the size increase of megakaryocytic colonies occurred at the expense of the production of single megakaryocytes and the restoration of colonies of alternative lineages occurred at the expense of the whole megakaryocytic progeny. Altogether, these results indicate that Notch activation is able to extend the number of divisions of MK-committed CD9High MEPs before terminal maturation while allowing a fraction of them to generate alternative lineages. This unexpected plasticity of MK-committed progenitors revealed upon Notch activation helps to better understand the functional promiscuity between megakaryocytic lineage and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joëlle Starck
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Azza Chaabouni
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Morlé
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail:
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Rani A, Greenlaw R, Smith RA, Galustian C. HES1 in immunity and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:113-7. [PMID: 27066918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1) is a part of an extensive family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins and plays a crucial role in the control and regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, cell differentiation, survival and apoptosis in neuronal, endocrine, T-lymphocyte progenitors as well as various cancers. HES1 is a transcription factor which is regulated by the NOTCH, Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways. Aberrant expression of these pathways is a common feature of cancerous cells. There appears to be a fine and complicated crosstalk at the molecular level between the various signalling pathways and HES1, which contributes to its effects on the immune response and cancers such as leukaemia. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including an enhanced invasiveness and metastasis by inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), in addition to its strict requirement for tumour cell survival. In this review, we summarize the current biology and molecular mechanisms as well as its use as a clinical target in cancer therapeutics.
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30
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36713-30. [PMID: 26452025 PMCID: PMC4742206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 4 Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 6 Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- 5 Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- 3 Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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31
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26452025 DOI: hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the pten/akt pathway] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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32
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26452025 DOI: hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the pten/akt pathway] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Cheng H, Hao S, Liu Y, Pang Y, Ma S, Dong F, Xu J, Zheng G, Li S, Yuan W, Cheng T. Leukemic marrow infiltration reveals a novel role for Egr3 as a potent inhibitor of normal hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. Blood 2015; 126:1302-13. [PMID: 26186938 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-623645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytopenias resulting from the impaired generation of normal blood cells from hematopoietic precursors are important contributors to morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia. However, the process by which normal hematopoietic cells are overtaken by emerging leukemia cells and how different subsets of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are distinctly influenced during leukemic cell infiltration is poorly understood. To investigate these important questions, we used a robust nonirradiated mouse model of human MLL-AF9 leukemia to examine the suppression of HSCs and HPCs during leukemia cell expansion in vivo. Among all the hematopoietic subsets, long-term repopulating HSCs were the least reduced, whereas megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors were the most significantly suppressed. Notably, nearly all of the HSCs were forced into a noncycling state in leukemic marrow at late stages, but their reconstitution potential appeared to be intact upon transplantation into nonleukemic hosts. Gene expression profiling and further functional validation revealed that Egr3 was a strong limiting factor for the proliferative potential of HSCs. Therefore, this study provides not only a molecular basis for the more tightened quiescence of HSCs in leukemia, but also a novel approach for defining functional regulators of HSCs in disease.
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Abstract
The NOTCH pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, which is fundamental in regulating developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates (Gazave et al. in BMC Evol Biol 9:249, 2009). It regulates self-renewal (Butler et al. in Cell Stem Cell 6:251-264, 2010), differentiation (Auderset et al. in Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 360:115-134, 2012), proliferation (VanDussen et al. in Development 139:488-497, 2012) and apoptosis (Cao et al. in APMIS 120:441-450, 2012) of diverse cell types at various stages of their development. NOTCH signalling governs cell-cell interactions and the outcome of such responses is highly context specific. This makes it impossible to generalize about NOTCH functions as it stimulates survival and differentiation of certain cell types, whereas inhibiting these processes in others (Meier-Stiegen et al. in PLoS One 5:e11481, 2010). NOTCH was first identified in 1914 in Drosophila and was named after the indentations (notches) present in the wings of the mutant flies (Bigas et al. in Int J Dev Biol 54:1175-1188, 2010). Homologs of NOTCH in vertebrates were initially identified in Xenopus (Coffman et al. in Science 249:1438-1441, 1990) and in humans NOTCH was first identified in T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (T-ALL) (Ellisen et al. in Cell 66:649-61, 1991). NOTCH signalling is integral in neurogenesis (Mead and Yutzey in Dev Dyn 241:376-389, 2012), myogenesis (Schuster-Gossler et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:537-542, 2007), haematopoiesis (Bigas et al. in Int J Dev Biol 54:1175-1188, 2010), oogenesis (Xu and Gridley in Genet Res Int 2012:648207, 2012), differentiation of intestinal cells (Okamoto et al. in Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296:G23-35, 2009) and pancreatic cells (Apelqvist et al. in Nature 400:877-881, 1999). The current review will focus on NOTCH signalling in normal and malignant blood cell production or haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Suresh
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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35
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Gerby B, Tremblay CS, Tremblay M, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Herblot S, Hébert J, Sauvageau G, Lemieux S, Lécuyer E, Veiga DF, Hoang T. SCL, LMO1 and Notch1 reprogram thymocytes into self-renewing cells. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004768. [PMID: 25522233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular determinants that render specific populations of normal cells susceptible to oncogenic reprogramming into self-renewing cancer stem cells are poorly understood. Here, we exploit T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) as a model to define the critical initiating events in this disease. First, thymocytes that are reprogrammed by the SCL and LMO1 oncogenic transcription factors into self-renewing pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) remain non-malignant, as evidenced by their capacities to generate functional T cells. Second, we provide strong genetic evidence that SCL directly interacts with LMO1 to activate the transcription of a self-renewal program coordinated by LYL1. Moreover, LYL1 can substitute for SCL to reprogram thymocytes in concert with LMO1. In contrast, inhibition of E2A was not sufficient to substitute for SCL, indicating that thymocyte reprogramming requires transcription activation by SCL-LMO1. Third, only a specific subset of normal thymic cells, known as DN3 thymocytes, is susceptible to reprogramming. This is because physiological NOTCH1 signals are highest in DN3 cells compared to other thymocyte subsets. Consistent with this, overexpression of a ligand-independent hyperactive NOTCH1 allele in all immature thymocytes is sufficient to sensitize them to SCL-LMO1, thereby increasing the pool of self-renewing cells. Surprisingly, hyperactive NOTCH1 cannot reprogram thymocytes on its own, despite the fact that NOTCH1 is activated by gain of function mutations in more than 55% of T-ALL cases. Rather, elevating NOTCH1 triggers a parallel pathway involving Hes1 and Myc that dramatically enhances the activity of SCL-LMO1 We conclude that the acquisition of self-renewal and the genesis of pre-LSCs from thymocytes with a finite lifespan represent a critical first event in T-ALL. Finally, LYL1 and LMO1 or LMO2 are co-expressed in most human T-ALL samples, except the cortical T subtype. We therefore anticipate that the self-renewal network described here may be relevant to a majority of human T-ALL. Deciphering the initiating events in lymphoid leukemia is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this manuscript, we define oncogenic reprogramming as the process through which non-self-renewing progenitors are converted into pre-leukemic stem cells with sustained self-renewal capacities. We provide strong genetic evidence that this step is rate-limiting in leukemogenesis and requires the activation of a self-renewal program by oncogenic transcription factors, as exemplified by SCL and LMO1. Furthermore, NOTCH1 is a pathway that drives cell fate in the thymus. We demonstrate that homeostatic NOTCH1 levels that are highest in specific thymocyte subsets determine their susceptibilities to oncogenic reprogramming by SCL and LMO1. Our data provide novel insight into the acquisition of self-renewal as a critical first step in lymphoid cell transformation, requiring the synergistic interaction of oncogenic transcription factors with a cellular context controlled by high physiological NOTCH1.
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Dong CY, Liu XY, Wang N, Wang LN, Yang BX, Ren Q, Liang HY, Ma XT. Twist-1, A Novel Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Myeloid Lineage Development. Stem Cells 2014; 32:3173-82. [PMID: 25100001 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ya Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin People's Republic of China
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Evans AG, Calvi LM. Notch signaling in the malignant bone marrow microenvironment: implications for a niche-based model of oncogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1335:63-77. [PMID: 25351294 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fueled by the growing interest in stem cell biology and the promise of regenerative medicine, study of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment has provided critical insights into normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Notch receptor signaling in this microenvironment is a critical regulator of HSC fate and differentiation. Notch signaling also has the potential to modulate the growth of various malignant cell types, as evidenced by the growing list of hematologic cancers and other malignancies associated with either mutations in Notch genes or alterations in Notch signaling. In both health and disease, activation of Notch signaling predominantly exerts influence through stromal cell interactions with the tumor or stem cell microenvironments. Definitive evidence from transgenic mouse models has shown that alterations in stromal cell signaling from the bone marrow niche can induce malignant outgrowth of preleukemic clones and leukemia. Understanding how Notch receptor signals in the bone marrow microenvironment govern stem cell behavior will advance our understanding of cancer pathogenesis in hematologic malignancies and may have implications for treating metastatic solid tumors involving bone. These microenvironmental interactions are potential therapeutic targets for treating and preventing a variety of diseases, including bone marrow failure disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Evans
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Catelain C, Michelet F, Hattabi A, Poirault-Chassac S, Kortulewski T, Tronik-Le Roux D, Vainchenker W, Lauret E. The Notch Delta-4 ligand helps to maintain the quiescence and the short-term reconstitutive potential of haematopoietic progenitor cells through activation of a key gene network. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:431-41. [PMID: 25460604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of Notch and its ligands within the different bone marrow niches could shed light on the mechanisms regulating haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) maintenance and self-renewal. Here, we report that murine bone marrow HPCs activation by the vascular Notch Delta-4 ligand maintains a significant proportion of cells specifically in the G0 state. Furthermore, Delta-4/Notch pathway limits significantly the loss of the in vivo short-term reconstitutive potential upon transplantation of Delta-4 activated HPCs into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Both effects are directly correlated with the decrease of cell cycle genes transcription such as CYCLIN-D1, -D2, and -D3, and the upregulation of stemness related genes transcription such as BMI1, GATA2, HOXB4 and C-MYC. In addition, the transcriptional screening also highlights new downstream post-transcriptional factors, named PUMILIO1 and -2, as part of the stem signature associated with the Delta-4/Notch signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Catelain
- Inserm U974, CNRS (UMR 7215), UM 76, Institut de Myologie, Paris F-75013, France; Inserm, U1009, 114 rue E. Vaillant, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, F-91405, France.
| | - Fabio Michelet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Hattabi
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Poirault-Chassac
- Inserm, U1009, 114 rue E. Vaillant, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, F-91405, France
| | | | | | - William Vainchenker
- Inserm, U1009, 114 rue E. Vaillant, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, F-91405, France
| | - Evelyne Lauret
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
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Abstract
As stem cells (SCs) in adult organs continue to be identified and characterized, it becomes clear that their survival, quiescence, and activation depend on specific signals in their microenvironment, or niche. Although adult SCs of diverse tissues differ by their developmental origin, cycling activity, and regenerative capacity, there appear to be conserved similarities regarding the cellular and molecular components of the SC niche. Interestingly, many organs house both slow-cycling and fast-cycling SC populations, which rely on the coexistence of quiescent and inductive niches for proper regulation. In this review we present a general definition of adult SC niches in the most studied mammalian systems. We further focus on dissecting their cellular organization and on highlighting recently identified key molecular regulators. Finally, we detail the potential involvement of the SC niche in tissue degeneration, with a particular emphasis on aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Dahlberg A, Brashem-Stein C, Delaney C, Bernstein ID. Enhanced generation of cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by culture with StemRegenin1 and Delta1(Ext-IgG.). Leukemia 2014; 28:2097-101. [PMID: 24903478 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Nakahara F, Kitaura J, Uchida T, Nishida C, Togami K, Inoue D, Matsukawa T, Kagiyama Y, Enomoto Y, Kawabata KC, Chen-Yi L, Komeno Y, Izawa K, Oki T, Nagae G, Harada Y, Harada H, Otsu M, Aburatani H, Heissig B, Hattori K, Kitamura T. Hes1 promotes blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia through MMP-9 upregulation in leukemic cells. Blood 2014; 123:3932-42. [PMID: 24825862 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-476747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of HES1 expression are frequently found in BCR-ABL(+) chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC). In mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models, co-expression of BCR-ABL and Hes1 induces CML-BC-like disease; however, the underlying mechanism remained elusive. Here, based on gene expression analysis, we show that MMP-9 is upregulated by Hes1 in common myeloid progenitors (CMPs). Analysis of promoter activity demonstrated that Hes1 upregulated MMP-9 by activating NF-κB. Analysis of 20 samples from CML-BC patients showed that MMP-9 was highly expressed in three, with two exhibiting high levels of HES1 expression. Interestingly, MMP-9 deficiency impaired the cobblestone area-forming ability of CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 that were in conjunction with a stromal cell layer. In addition, CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 secreted MMP-9, promoting the release of soluble Kit-ligand (sKitL) from stromal cells, thereby enhancing proliferation of the leukemic cells. In accordance, mice transplanted with CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 exhibited high levels of sKitL as well as MMP-9 in the serum. Importantly, MMP-9 deficiency impaired the development of CML-BC-like disease induced by BCR-ABL and Hes1 in mouse BMT models. The present results suggest that Hes1 promotes the development of CML-BC, partly through MMP-9 upregulation in leukemic cells.
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Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a regulator of self-renewal and differentiation in several tissues and cell types. Notch is a binary cell-fate determinant, and its hyperactivation has been implicated as oncogenic in several cancers including breast cancer and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recently, several studies also unraveled tumor-suppressor roles for Notch signaling in different tissues, including tissues where it was before recognized as an oncogene in specific lineages. Whereas involvement of Notch as an oncogene in several lymphoid malignancies (T-ALL, B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma) is well characterized, there is growing evidence involving Notch signaling as a tumor suppressor in myeloid malignancies. It therefore appears that Notch signaling pathway's oncogenic or tumor-suppressor abilities are highly context dependent. In this review, we summarize and discuss latest advances in the understanding of this dual role in hematopoiesis and the possible consequences for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Guezguez B, Campbell CJV, Boyd AL, Karanu F, Casado FL, Di Cresce C, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Xenocostas A, Bhatia M. Regional localization within the bone marrow influences the functional capacity of human HSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 13:175-89. [PMID: 23910084 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the bone marrow (BM) niche plays a key role in mouse hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and involves contributions from a broad array of cell types. However, the composition and role of the human BM HSC niche have not been investigated. Here, using human bone biopsy specimens, we provide evidence of HSC propensity to localize to endosteal regions of the trabecular bone area (TBA). Through functional xenograft transplantation, we found that human HSCs localizing to the TBA have superior regenerative and self-renewal capacity and are molecularly distinct from those localizing to the long bone area (LBA). In addition, osteoblasts in the TBA possess unique characteristics and express a key network of factors that regulate TBA- versus LBA-localized human HSCs in vivo. Our study reveals that BM localization and architecture play a critical role in defining the functional and molecular properties of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Uchida T, Kitaura J, Nakahara F, Togami K, Inoue D, Maehara A, Nishimura K, Kawabata KC, Doki N, Kakihana K, Yoshioka K, Izawa K, Oki T, Sada A, Harada Y, Ohashi K, Katayama Y, Matsui T, Harada H, Kitamura T. Hes1 upregulation contributes to the development of FIP1L1-PDGRA-positive leukemia in blast crisis. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:369-379.e3. [PMID: 24486648 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that elevated expression of Hairy enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) contributes to blast crisis transition in Bcr-Abl-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here we investigate whether Hes1 is involved in the development of other myeloid neoplasms. Notably, Hes1 expression was elevated in only a few cases of 65 samples with different types of myeloid neoplasms. Interestingly, elevated expression of Hes1 was found in two of five samples of Fip1-like1 platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (FIP1L1-PDGFA)-positive myeloid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia. Whereas FIP1L1-PDGFRα alone induced acute T-cell leukemia or myeloproliferative neoplasms in mouse bone marrow transplantation models, mice transplanted with bone marrow cells expressing both Hes1 and FIP1L1-PDGFRα developed acute leukemia characterized by an expansion of myeloid blasts and leukemic cells without eosinophilic granules. FIP1L1-PDGFRα conferred cytokine-independent growth to Hes1-transduced common myeloid progenitors, interleukin-3-dependent cells. Imatinib inhibited the growth of common myeloid progenitors expressing Hes1 with FIP1L1-PDGFRα, but not with imatinib-resistant FIP1L1-PDGFRα mutants harboring T674I or D842V. In contrast, ponatinib efficiently eradicated leukemic cells expressing Hes1 and the imatinib-resistant FLP1L1-PDGFRΑ mutant in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we have established mouse models of FIP1L1-PDGFRA-positive leukemia in myeloid blast crisis, which will help elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and develop a new treatment for it.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Interleukin-3/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-3/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Transcription Factor HES-1
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Uchida
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Togami
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Maehara
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihito C Kawabata
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kakihana
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshioka
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Oki
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Signaling, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sada
- Heamatology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Radiation Information Registry, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Ohashi
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Katayama
- Heamatology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Matsui
- Heamatology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Signaling, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tai-nagara I, Matsuoka S, Ariga H, Suda T. Mortalin and DJ-1 coordinately regulate hematopoietic stem cell function through the control of oxidative stress. Blood 2014; 123:41-50. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-508333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Mitochondrial heat shock protein, mortalin, is essential for the maintenance of HSCs via the control of oxidative stress. Mortalin directly interact with DJ-1 to regulate ROS levels in the mitochondria of HSCs.
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Guiu J, Shimizu R, D'Altri T, Fraser ST, Hatakeyama J, Bresnick EH, Kageyama R, Dzierzak E, Yamamoto M, Espinosa L, Bigas A. Hes repressors are essential regulators of hematopoietic stem cell development downstream of Notch signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 210:71-84. [PMID: 23267012 PMCID: PMC3549704 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified Notch as a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development, but the underlying downstream mechanisms remain unknown. The Notch target Hes1 is widely expressed in the aortic endothelium and hematopoietic clusters, though Hes1-deficient mice show no overt hematopoietic abnormalities. We now demonstrate that Hes is required for the development of HSC in the mouse embryo, a function previously undetected as the result of functional compensation by de novo expression of Hes5 in the aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) region of Hes1 mutants. Analysis of embryos deficient for Hes1 and Hes5 reveals an intact arterial program with overproduction of nonfunctional hematopoietic precursors and total absence of HSC activity. These alterations were associated with increased expression of the hematopoietic regulators Runx1, c-myb, and the previously identified Notch target Gata2. By analyzing the Gata2 locus, we have identified functional RBPJ-binding sites, which mutation results in loss of Gata2 reporter expression in transgenic embryos, and functional Hes-binding sites, which mutation leads to specific Gata2 up-regulation in the hematopoietic precursors. Together, our findings show that Notch activation in the AGM triggers Gata2 and Hes1 transcription, and next HES-1 protein represses Gata2, creating an incoherent feed-forward loop required to restrict Gata2 expression in the emerging HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guiu
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Sanchez-dominguez R, Pereira-mendez S, Gomez A, Torrabadella M, Azqueta C, Querol S, Barquinero J, Gimeno R. Notch signals contribute to preserve the multipotentiality of human CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+ hematopoietic progenitors by maintaining T cell lineage differentiation potential. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:983-993.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Perdigoto CN, Bardin AJ. Sending the right signal: Notch and stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2307-22. [PMID: 22917651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling plays a critical role in multiple developmental programs and not surprisingly, the Notch pathway has also been implicated in the regulation of many adult stem cells, such as those in the intestine, skin, lungs, hematopoietic system, and muscle. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we will first describe molecular mechanisms of Notch component modulation including recent advances in this field and introduce the fundamental principles of Notch signaling controlling cell fate decisions. We will then illustrate its important and varied functions in major stem cell model systems including: Drosophila and mammalian intestinal stem cells and mammalian skin, lung, hematopoietic and muscle stem cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The Notch receptor and its ligands are controlled by endocytic processes that regulate activation, turnover, and recycling. Glycosylation of the Notch extracellular domain has important modulatory functions on interactions with ligands and on proper receptor activity. Notch can mediate cell fate decisions including proliferation, lineage commitment, and terminal differentiation in many adult stem cell types. Certain cell fate decisions can have precise requirements for levels of Notch signaling controlled through modulatory regulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We describe the current state of knowledge of how the Notch receptor is controlled through its interaction with ligands and how this is regulated by associated factors. The functional consequences of Notch receptor activation on cell fate decisions are discussed. We illustrate the importance of Notch's role in cell fate decisions in adult stem cells using examples from the intestine, skin, lung, blood, and muscle. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Caolo V, Molin DG, Post MJ. Notch regulation of hematopoiesis, endothelial precursor cells, and blood vessel formation: orchestrating the vasculature. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:805602. [PMID: 22550518 DOI: 10.1155/2012/805602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the vascular system begins with the formation of hemangioblastic cells, hemangioblasts, which organize in blood islands in the yolk sac. The hemangioblasts differentiate into hematopoietic and angioblastic cells. Subsequently, the hematopoietic line will generate blood cells, whereas the angioblastic cells will give rise to vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In response to specific molecular and hemodynamic stimuli, ECs will acquire either arterial or venous identity. Recruitment towards the endothelial tubes and subsequent differentiation of pericyte and/or vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) takes place and the mature vessel is formed. The Notch signaling pathway is required for determining the arterial program of both endothelial and smooth muscle cells; however, it is simultaneously involved in the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which will give rise to hematopoietic cells. Notch signaling also regulates the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are bone-marrow-derived cells able to differentiate into ECs and which could be considered the adult correlate of the angioblast. In addition, Notch signaling has been reported to control sprouting angiogenesis during blood vessels formation in the adult. In this paper we discuss the physiological role of Notch in vascular development, providing an overview on the involvement of Notch in vascular biology from hematopoietic stem cell to adaptive neovascularization in the adult.
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Ueo T, Imayoshi I, Kobayashi T, Ohtsuka T, Seno H, Nakase H, Chiba T, Kageyama R. The role of Hes genes in intestinal development, homeostasis and tumor formation. Development 2012; 139:1071-82. [PMID: 22318232 DOI: 10.1242/dev.069070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates intestinal development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis, but its precise downstream mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we found that inactivation of the Notch effectors Hes1, Hes3 and Hes5, but not Hes1 alone, led to reduced cell proliferation, increased secretory cell formation and altered intestinal structures in adult mice. However, in Apc mutation-induced intestinal tumors, inactivation of Hes1 alone was sufficient for reducing tumor cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of tumor cells into all types of intestinal epithelial cells, but without affecting the homeostasis of normal crypts owing to genetic redundancy. These results indicated that Hes genes cooperatively regulate intestinal development and homeostasis and raised the possibility that Hes1 is a promising target to induce the differentiation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ueo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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