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Zhu H, Roelands J, Ahmed EI, Stouten I, Hoorntje R, van Vlierberghe RLP, Ijsselsteijn ME, Lei X, de Miranda NFCC, Tollenaar RAEM, Vahrmeijer AL, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx WRL, Kuppen PJK. Location matters: spatial dynamics of tumor-infiltrating T cell subsets is prognostic in colon cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1293618. [PMID: 38375478 PMCID: PMC10875018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1293618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is a heterogeneous disease and consists of various molecular subtypes. Despite advances in high-throughput expression profiling, limitations remain in predicting clinical outcome and assigning specific treatment to individual cases. Tumor-immune interactions play a critical role, with tumors that activate the immune system having better outcome for the patient. The localization of T cells within tumor epithelium, to enable direct contact, is essential for antitumor function, but bulk DNA/RNA sequencing data lacks spatial distribution information. In this study, we provide spatial T cell tumor distribution and connect these data with previously determined genomic data in the AC-ICAM colon cancer patient cohort. Methods Colon cancer patients (n=90) with transcriptome data available were selected. We used a custom multiplex immunofluorescence assay on colon tumor tissue sections for quantifying T cell subsets spatial distribution in the tumor microenvironment, in terms of cell number, location, mutual distance, and distance to tumor cells. Statistical analyses included the previously determined Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR) transcriptome correlation and patient survival, revealing potential prognostic value in T cell spatial distribution. Results T cell phenotypes were characterized and CD3+CD8-FoxP3- T cells were found to be the predominant tumor-infiltrating subtype while CD3+FoxP3+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells showed similar densities. Spatial distribution analysis elucidated that proliferative T cells, characterized by Ki67 expression, and Granzyme B-expressing T cells were predominantly located within the tumor epithelium. We demonstrated an increase in immune cell density and a decrease in the distance of CD3+CD8+ T cells to the nearest tumor cell, in the immune active, ICR High, immune subtypes. Higher densities of stromal CD3+FoxP3+ T cells showed enhanced survival outcomes, and patients exhibited superior clinical benefits when greater spatial distances were observed between CD3+CD8-FoxP3- or CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD3+FoxP3+ T cells. Conclusion Our study's in-depth analysis of the spatial distribution and densities of major T cell subtypes within the tumor microenvironment has provided valuable information that paves the way for further research into the intricate relationships between immune cells and colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehuan Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational Medicine Division, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eiman I. Ahmed
- Translational Medicine Division, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imke Stouten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Hoorntje
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Xin Lei
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Kite, A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Wouter R. L. Hendrickx
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Tumor Biology and Immunology Lab, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter J. K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Zhang Y, He S, Yu L, Shi C, Zhang Y, Tang S. Prognostic significance of HLA-G in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1024. [PMID: 37875821 PMCID: PMC10594707 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its prognostic value remains controversial. Hence, our meta-analysis aims to assess the prognostic value of HLA-G in CRC patients based on published literature and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on relevant studies retrieved from four electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded to be applied as effective values. Fixed-effects models or random-effects models were applied on the basis of the value of heterogeneity (I 2). Publication bias was analyzed by Begg's and Egger's tests. In addition, the results were validated by using TCGA datasets. RESULTS Thirteen studies comprising 3896 patients were incorporated into this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that HLA-G expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in both the univariate analysis (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14-1.83, P = 0.002) and the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-1.95, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the expression of HLA-G is not related to age, sex, tumor type, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, or distant metastasis but lymph node metastasis. Notably, the prognosis of colorectal cancer was not consistent with the analysis result from TCGA data. CONCLUSION HLA-G expression was significantly related to poor OS in CRC according to the results of our meta-analysis. However, we found that the prognostic significance was inconsistent with our results according to the TCGA data in CRC. Hence, more research is still needed to further illustrate the prognostic role of HLA-G in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.
| | - Siying He
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanyue Zhang
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shiyue Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Ravindranath MH, Ravindranath NM, Selvan SR, Hilali FE, Amato-Menker CJ, Filippone EJ. Cell Surface B2m-Free Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Monomers and Dimers: Are They Neo-HLA Class and Proto-HLA? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1178. [PMID: 37627243 PMCID: PMC10452486 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface HLA-I molecules (Face-1) consist of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) with two groove domains (G domain) and one constant domain (C-domain) as well as a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m). However, HCs can also independently emerge unfolded on the cell surface without peptides as B2m-free HC monomers (Face-2), B2m-free HC homodimers (Face 3), and B2m-free HC heterodimers (Face-4). The transport of these HLA variants from ER to the cell surface was confirmed by antiviral antibiotics that arrest the release of newly synthesized proteins from the ER. Face-2 occurs at low levels on the normal cell surface of the lung, bronchi, epidermis, esophagus, breast, stomach, ilium, colorectum, gall bladder, urinary bladder, seminal vesicles ovarian epithelia, endometrium, thymus, spleen, and lymphocytes. They are upregulated on immune cells upon activation by proinflammatory cytokines, anti-CD3 antibodies, antibiotics (e.g., ionomycin), phytohemagglutinin, retinoic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Their density on the cell surface remains high as long as the cells remain in an activated state. After activation-induced upregulation, the Face-2 molecules undergo homo- and hetero-dimerization (Face-3 and Face-4). Alterations in the redox environment promote dimerization. Heterodimerization can occur among and between the alleles of different haplotypes. The glycosylation of these variants differ from that of Face-1, and they may occur with bound exogenous peptides. Spontaneous arthritis occurs in HLA-B27+ mice lacking B2m (HLA-B27+ B2m-/-) but not in HLA-B27+ B2m+/- mice. The mice with HLA-B27 in Face-2 spontaneous configuration develop symptoms such as changes in nails and joints, hair loss, and swelling in paws, leading to ankyloses. Anti-HC-specific mAbs delay disease development. Some HLA-I polyreactive mAbs (MEM series) used for immunostaining confirm the existence of B2m-free variants in several cancer cells. The upregulation of Face-2 in human cancers occurs concomitantly with the downregulation of intact HLAs (Face-1). The HLA monomeric and dimeric variants interact with inhibitory and activating ligands (e.g., KIR), growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Similarities in the amino acid sequences of the HLA-I variants and HLA-II β-chain suggest that Face-2 could be the progenitor of both HLA classes. These findings may support the recognition of these variants as a neo-HLA class and proto-HLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mepur H. Ravindranath
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90064, USA
| | - Narendranath M. Ravindranath
- Norris Dental Science Center, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Senthamil R. Selvan
- Division of Immunology and Hematology Devices, OHT 7: Office of In Vitro Diagnostics, Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Fatiha El Hilali
- Medico-Surgical, Biomedicine and Infectiology Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Laayoune & Agadir, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Carly J. Amato-Menker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Edward J. Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19145, USA;
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Koukourakis IM, Platoni K, Tiniakos D, Kouloulias V, Zygogianni A. Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4495-4517. [PMID: 37232754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that tumor antigens and molecules expressed and secreted by cancer cells trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. These two types of anti-tumor immunity lead to the infiltration of the tumor's microenvironment by immune cells with either regulatory or cytotoxic properties. Whether this response is associated with tumor eradication after radiotherapy and chemotherapy or regrowth has been a matter of extensive research through the years, mainly focusing on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes and their subtypes, and the expression of immune checkpoint and other immune-related molecules by both immune and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. A literature search has been conducted on studies dealing with the immune response in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, assessing its impact on locoregional control and survival and underlying the potential role of immunotherapy in the treatment of this cancer subtype. Here, we provide an overview of the interactions between local/systemic anti-tumor immunity, cancer-related immune checkpoint, and other immunological pathways and radiotherapy, and how these affect the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. Chemoradiotherapy induces critical immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis M Koukourakis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Radiotherapy Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), 11528 Athens, Greece
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Bartolome J, Molto C, Benitez-Fuentes JD, Fernandez-Hinojal G, Manzano A, Perez-Segura P, Mittal A, Tamimi F, Amir E, Ocana A. Prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen G expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165813. [PMID: 37275862 PMCID: PMC10232772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identification of modulators of the immune response with inhibitory properties that could be susceptible for therapeutic intervention is a key goal in cancer research. An example is the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, involved in cancer progression. Methods In this article we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between HLA-G expression and outcome in solid tumors. This study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Results A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised data from 4871 patients reporting overall survival (OS), and 961 patients, reporting disease free survival (DFS). HLA-G expression was associated with worse OS (HR 2.09, 95% CI = 1.67 to 2.63; P < .001), that was higher in gastric (HR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.64 to 7.03), pancreatic (HR = 1.72; 95% CI = 0.79 to 3.74) and colorectal (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.16 to 2.07) cancer. No significant differences were observed between the most commonly utilized antibody (4H84) and other methods of detection. HLA-G expression was associated with DFS which approached but did not meet statistical significance. Discussion In summary, we describe the first meta-analysis associating HLA-G expression and worse survival in a variety of solid tumors. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022311973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bartolome
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Consolacion Molto
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Aranzazu Manzano
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Perez-Segura
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abhenil Mittal
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faris Tamimi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Braumüller H, Mauerer B, Andris J, Berlin C, Wieder T, Kesselring R. The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2022; 12. [PMID: 36611932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors.
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7
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Liu Z, Yang H, Chen Z, Jing C. A novel chromatin regulator-related immune checkpoint related gene prognostic signature and potential candidate drugs for endometrial cancer patients. Hereditas 2022; 159:40. [PMID: 36253800 PMCID: PMC9578220 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries and its prevalence is increasing. As an emerging therapy with a promising efficacy, immunotherapy has been extensively applied in the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, chromatin regulators (CRs), as essential upstream regulators of epigenetics, play a significant role in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Methods CRs and immune checkpoint-related genes (ICRGs) were obtained from the previous top research. The Genome Cancer Atlas (TCGA) was utilized to acquire the mRNA expression and clinical information of patients with EC. Correlation analysis was utilized for screen CRs-related ICRGs (CRRICRGs). By Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, prognosis related CRRICRGs were screened out and risk model was constructed. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the prognosis between high- and low-risk group. By comparing the IC50 value, the drugs sensitivity difference was explored. We obtained small molecule drugs for the treatment of UCEC patients based on CAMP dataset. Results We successfully constructed a 9 CRRICRs-based prognostic signature for patients with UCEC and found the riskscore was an independent prognostic factor. The results of functional analysis suggested that CRRICRGs may be involved in immune processes associated with cancer. Immune characteristics analysis provided further evidence that the CRRICRGs-based model was correlated with immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint. Eight small molecule drugs that may be effective for the treatment of UCEC patients were screened. Effective drugs identified by drug sensitivity profiling in high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion In summary, our study provided novel insights into the function of CRRICRGs in UCEC. We also developed a reliable prognostic panel for the survival of patients with UCEC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00253-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunli Jing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Graham Martínez C, Barella Y, Kus Öztürk S, Ansems M, Gorris MA, van Vliet S, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID. The immune microenvironment landscape shows treatment-specific differences in rectal cancer patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011498. [PMID: 36238289 PMCID: PMC9552175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy is the cornerstone of modern rectal cancer treatment. Insights into the biology of tumor responses are essential for the successful implementation of organ-preserving strategies, as different treatments may lead to specific tumor responses. In this study, we aim to explore treatment-specific responses of the tumor microenvironment. Patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum who had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT), neo-adjuvant radiotherapy with a long-interval (LRT) or short-interval (SRT) or no neoadjuvant therapy (NT) as control were included. Multiplex-immunofluorescence was performed to determine the presence of cytotoxic T-cells (T-cyt; CD3+CD8+), regulatory T-cells (T-reg; CD3+FOXP3+), T-helper cells (T-helper; CD3+CD8-FOXP3-), B cells (CD20+), dendritic cells (CD11c+) and tumor cells (panCK+). A total of 80 rectal cancer patients were included. Treatment groups were matched for gender, tumor location, response to therapy, and TNM stage. The pattern of response (shrinkage vs. fragmentation) was, however, different between treatment groups. Our analyses reveal that RCT-treated patients exhibited lower stromal T-helper, T-reg, and T-cyt cells compared to other treatment regimens. In conclusion, we demonstrated treatment-specific differences in the immune microenvironment landscape of rectal cancer patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this landscape after a specific therapy will benefit future treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Graham Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Cristina Graham Martínez,
| | - Yari Barella
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sonay Kus Öztürk
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark A.J Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shannon van Vliet
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Corrie A.M Marijnen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Chen Q, Ma J, Wang X, Zhu X. Identification of prognostic candidate signatures by systematically revealing transcriptome characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma with differing tumor microenvironment immune phenotypes. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4786-4818. [PMID: 35675043 PMCID: PMC9217709 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that tumor microenvironment plays crucial roles in predicting clinical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The current study aimed to identify some potentially prognostic signatures by systematically revealing the transcriptome characteristics in LUADs with differing immune phenotypes. LUAD gene expression data were retrieved from the public TCGA and GEO databases, and the transcriptome characteristics were systematically revealed using a comprehensive bioinformatics method including single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, protein and protein interaction (PPI) network construction, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction, weighted gene coexpression network analysis and prognostic model establishment. Finally, 1169 key DEGs associated with LUAD immune phenotype, including 88 immune DEGs, were excavated. Five essential and eight immune essential DEGs were separately identified by constructing two PPI networks based on the above DEGs. Totals of 1085 key DElncRNAs and 45 key DEmiRNAs were excavated and one ceRNA network consisting of 26 DEmRNAs, 3 DEmiRNAs and 57 DElncRNAs were established. The most significant gene coexpression module (cor=0.63 and p=3e-55) associated with LUAD immune phenotypes and three genes (FGR, BTK, SPI1) related to the immune cell infiltration were identified. Three robust prognostic signatures including a 9-lncRNA, an 8-lncRNA and an 8-mRNA were established. The areas under the curves of 5-year correlated with overall survival rate were separately 0.7319, 0.7228 and 0.713 in the receiver operating characteristic curve. The findings provide novel insights into the immunological mechanism in LUAD biology and in predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiakang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangqing Zhu
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, China
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Emirzeoglu L, Olmez O, Mustafayev F, Berber U, Yilmaz I, Celik S, Oven B, Ozgun M. Prognostic value of expression levels of miR‑148a, miR‑152 and HLA‑G in colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:226. [PMID: 35720471 PMCID: PMC9185158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Emirzeoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Olmez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mustafayev
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Berber
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Celik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yeditepe University Koşuyolu Hospital, 34718 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bala Oven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yeditepe University Koşuyolu Hospital, 34718 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozgun
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Khan Educational and Research Hospital, 34660 Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Sadagopan A, Michelakos T, Boyiadzis G, Ferrone C, Ferrone S. Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery Upregulation by Anticancer Therapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:462-473. [PMID: 34940799 PMCID: PMC8930447 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although typically impressive, objective responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occur in only 12.5% of patients with advanced cancer. The majority of patients do not respond due to cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen-processing machinery (APM) defects. The APM defects, which have a negative effect on neoantigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are present in the majority of malignant tumors. These defects are caused by gene variations in less than 25% of cases and by dysregulated signaling and/or epigenetic changes in most of the remaining cases, making them frequently correctable. This narrative review summarizes the growing clinical evidence that chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and, to a lesser extent, radiotherapy can correct HLA class I APM defects in cancer cells and improve responses to ICIs. OBSERVATIONS Most chemotherapeutics enhance HLA class I APM component expression and function in cancer cells, tumor CTL infiltration, and responses to ICIs in preclinical and clinical models. Despite preclinical evidence, radiotherapy does not appear to upregulate HLA class I expression in patients and does not enhance the efficacy of ICIs in clinical settings. The latter findings underscore the need to optimize the dose and schedule of radiation and timing of ICI administration to maximize their immunogenic synergy. By increasing DNA and chromatin accessibility, epigenetic agents (histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, and EZH2 inhibitors) enhance HLA class I APM component expression and function in many cancer types, a crucial contributor to their synergy with ICIs in patients. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and BRAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors are effective at upregulating HLA class I expression in EGFR- and BRAF-variant tumors, respectively; these changes may contribute to the clinical responses induced by these inhibitors in combination with ICIs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This narrative review summarizes evidence indicating that chemotherapy and targeted therapies are effective at enhancing HLA class I APM component expression and function in cancer cells. The resulting increased immunogenicity and recognition and elimination of cancer cells by cognate CTLs contributes to the antitumor activity of these therapies as well as to their synergy with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthan Sadagopan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella Boyiadzis
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Hrbac T, Kopkova A, Siegl F, Vecera M, Ruckova M, Kazda T, Jancalek R, Hendrych M, Hermanova M, Vybihal V, Fadrus P, Smrcka M, Sokol F, Kubes V, Lipina R, Slaby O, Kren L, Sana J. HLA-E and HLA-F Are Overexpressed in Glioblastoma and HLA-E Increased After Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:151-162. [PMID: 35181585 PMCID: PMC8865046 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers responding very poorly to therapy. Although the central nervous system has been traditionally considered an immunologically privileged site with an enhanced immune response, GBM appears to benefit from this immunosuppressive milieu. Immunomodulatory molecules play an important role in immune tumor-host interactions. Non-classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class Ib molecules HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G have been previously described to be involved in protecting semi-allogeneic fetal allografts from the maternal immune response and in transplant tolerance as well as tumoral immune escape. Unfortunately, their role in GBM remains poorly understood. Our study, therefore, aimed to characterize the relationship between the expression of these molecules in GBM on the transcriptional level and clinicopathological and molecular features of GBM as well as the effect of ionizing radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the analysis of HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G mRNA expression in 69 GBM tissue samples and 21 non-tumor brain tissue samples (controls) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, two primary GBM cell cultures had been irradiated to identify the effect of ionizing radiation on the expression of non-classical HLA molecules. RESULTS Analyses revealed that both HLA-E and HLA-F are significantly up-regulated in GBM samples. Subsequent survival analysis showed a significant association between low expression of HLA-E and shorter survival of GBM patients. The dysregulated expression of both molecules was also observed between patients with methylated and unmethylated O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. Finally, we showed that ionizing radiation increased HLA-E expression level in GBM cells in vitro. CONCLUSION HLA-E and HLA-F play an important role in GBM biology and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers, and in the case of HLA-E also as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hrbac
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kopkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Siegl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecera
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Ruckova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hendrych
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vybihal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fadrus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Kubes
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Lipina
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Bennedsen ALB, Cai L, Hasselager RP, Özcan AA, Mohamed KB, Eriksen JO, Eiholm S, Bzorek M, Fiehn AMK, Hviid TVF, Gögenur I. An exploration of immunohistochemistry-based prognostic markers in patients undergoing curative resections for colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35027037 PMCID: PMC8759288 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system recognizes and destroys cancer cells. However, cancer cells develop mechanisms to avoid detection by expressing cell surface proteins. Specific tumour cell surface proteins (e.g. HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2) either alone or in combination with the relative presence of immune cells (CD3 and CD8 positive T-cells) in the tumour tissue may describe the cancer cells’ ability to escape eradication by the immune system. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in patients with colon cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with pT3 and pT4 colon cancers. Immunohistochemical staining with HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2, CD3, and CD8 was performed on tissue samples with representation of the invasive margin. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and immune cells was reported conjointly. The expression of CD3 and CD8 was reported as a merged score based on the expression of both markers in the invasive margin and the tumour centre. Subsequently, a combined marker score was established based on all of the markers. Each marker added one point to the score when unfavourable immunohistochemical features was present, and the score was categorized as low, intermediate or high depending on the number of unfavourable stains. Hazard ratios for recurrence, disease-free survival and mortality were calculated. Results We included 188 patients undergoing colon cancer resections in 2011–2012. The median follow-up was 41.7 months, during which 41 (21.8%) patients had recurrence and 74 (39.4%) died. In multivariable regression analysis positive HLA-G expression (HR = 3.37, 95%CI [1.64–6.93]) was associated with higher recurrence rates, while a preserved CDX2 expression (HR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.06–0.85]) was associated with a lower risk of recurrence. An intermediate or high combined marker score was associated with increased recurrence rates (HR = 20.53, 95%CI [2.68–157.32] and HR = 7.56, 95%CI [1.06–54.16], respectively). Neither high expression of PD-L1 nor high CD3-CD8 score was significantly associated with recurrence rates. Patients with a high CD3-CD8 score had a significantly longer DFS and OS. Conclusions In tumour cells, expression of HLA-G and loss of CDX2 expression were associated with cancer recurrence. In addition, a combination of certain tumour tissue biomarkers was associated with colorectal cancer recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09169-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Louise Bjørn Bennedsen
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.
| | - Luyi Cai
- Cardiology department, Hospital Sønderjylland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Rune Petring Hasselager
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Aysun Avci Özcan
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Khadra Bashir Mohamed
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susanne Eiholm
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Gambella A, Scabini S, Zoppoli G, De Silvestri A, Pigozzi S, Paudice M, Campora M, Fiocca R, Grillo F, Mastracci L. HLA-G as a prognostic marker in stage II/III colorectal cancer: not quite there yet. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:535-43. [PMID: 35902421 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identifying innovative molecules involved in the tumor immune escape process could help refine the survival stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. HLA-G, a non-classical HLA molecule, physiologically involved in tolerogenic mechanisms, has recently emerged as a relevant prognostic marker in other tumor types, but ambiguous data are reported in the CRC setting. This study aims to evaluate the HLA-G expression and prognostic potential in a series of stage II/III CRCs. HLA-G expression was evaluated in 100 pT3 CRC cases by means of immunohistochemistry using the 4H84 and MEM-G/2 monoclonal antibodies. We observed heterogeneous expression of HLA-G showing different ranges: 4H84 expression ranged from > 1 to 40%-median 7%; MEM-G/2 expression ranged from 20 to 90%-median 50%. HLA-G positivity (any intensity > 1%) varied according to the antibody employed, identifying: 8 4H84 positive, 34 MEM-G/2 positive, 6 double-positive and 52 negative cases. Correlation with clinico-pathologic data showed a significant association with a poor tumor differentiation in stage III right-sided CRC subgroup (p = 0.043), while no other pathologic variable was significantly associated. Survival analysis revealed a reduced disease-free survival rate (HR 4.304613; p = 0.031) in the subgroup of CRC-related death cases, while no correlations were observed considering the whole series and the overall survival. In conclusion, HLA-G is a promising CRC prognostic marker however much work is still required regarding technical aspects and evaluation of expression.
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15
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Czajka-Francuz P, Cisoń-Jurek S, Czajka A, Kozaczka M, Wojnar J, Chudek J, Francuz T. Systemic Interleukins' Profile in Early and Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:124. [PMID: 35008550 PMCID: PMC8745135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by mutual interactions of the tumor, stromal and immune cells. Early and advanced colorectal tumors differ in structure and present altered serum cytokine levels. Mutual crosstalk among TME infiltrating cells may shift the balance into immune suppressive or pro-inflammatory, antitumor response this way influencing patients' prognosis. Cancer-related inflammation affects all the body and this way, the systemic level of cytokines could reflect TME processes. Despite numerous studies, it is still not known how systemic cytokines levels change during colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor development. Better understanding tumor microenvironment processes could help in planning therapeutic interventions and more accurate patient prognosis. To contribute to the comprehension of these processes within TME, we reviewed cytokines levels from clinical trials in early and advanced colorectal cancer. Presented data were analyzed in the context of experimental studies and studies analyzing tumor infiltration with immune cells. The review summarizes clinical data of cytokines secreted by tumor microenvironment cells: lymphocytes T helper 1 (Th1), lymphocytes T helper 2 (Th2), lymphocytes T helper 17 (Th17), regulatory T cells (Treg cells), regulatory T cells (Breg cells), M1/M2 macrophages, N1/N2 neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), dendritic cells (DC), innate lymphoid cells (ILC) natural killer (NK) cells and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Aleksander Czajka
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kozaczka
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Public Research Institute in Gliwice, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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16
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Qu R, Ma Y, Tao L, Bao X, Zhou X, Wang B, Li F, Lu S, Tuo L, Zhan S, Zhang Z, Fu W. Features of colorectal cancer in China stratified by anatomic sites: A hospital-based study conducted in university-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:500-511. [PMID: 34584375 PMCID: PMC8435820 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The clinical and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer have been found to differ depending on the anatomic site of the cancer. However, for Chinese patients, there is limited information on the proportion of cases at each site and the related features. In this study, we explored the location, distribution and other features of colorectal cancers at each anatomic site in Chinese patients. Methods We conducted a hospital-based study using hospitalization summary reports from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018; the reports covered a total of 2,097,347 hospitalizations. Incident cases were chosen as the study population, and their epidemiological features were further analyzed. Results A total of 20,739 colorectal cancer patients were identified. Rectum was the most common location (48.3%) of the cancer, whereas the proportions of patients with distal and proximal colon cancer were 24.5% and 18.6%, respectively. Patients with rectal cancer were predominantly male and were the youngest for all anatomical sites (each P<0.001). The highest proportion of emergency admissions, the longest hospital stays and the highest hospitalization costs were found in patients with proximal colon cancer (each P<0.001). The proximal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of cholecystectomy, cholecystolithiasis and/or gallbladder polyps and appendectomy (P=0.009, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The distal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of diabetes and hypertension (P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions The patterns of colorectal cancer observed in this study differ from those reported for Western patients and show a significantly higher proportion of patients with rectal cancer. Different epidemiological features were also found based on anatomic sites. Further studies based on tumor location should be conducted to facilitate more accurate screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- Medical Information Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Hospital Management, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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17
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van de Water RB, Krijgsman D, Houvast RD, Vahrmeijer AL, Kuppen PJK. A Critical Assessment of the Association between HLA-G Expression by Carcinomas and Clinical Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8265. [PMID: 34361031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) conveys immunological tolerance at the maternal-foetal interface. HLA-G expression by tumour cells may also play such a role, resulting in tumour immune evasion, making HLA-G a potential target for immunotherapies. The aim of this review was to determine to what extent it is justified that HLA-G expression is considered as a target for immune checkpoint inhibiting therapy by critically assessing the association between HLA-G expression by carcinomas and clinical outcome of patients. The used HLA-G-detecting mAb, HLA-G quantification methods and statistically significant HLA-G-associated clinicopathological parameters are discussed. Tumour HLA-G expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in breast, esophageal, gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Tumour HLA-G expression was not associated with clinical outcome in ovarian and oral carcinoma patients. Cervical, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic carcinoma patients presented discrepant and therefore inconclusive results regarding the association between tumour HLA-G expression and clinical outcome. These disparities might partly be the result of differences in the methodological approach to quantify HLA-G expression between studies. Therefore, implementation of universal methodological procedures is strongly advised. Overall, HLA-G expression did not univocally result in poor clinical outcome of carcinoma patients. This implies that tumour HLA-G expression is not necessarily part of an inhibited tumour-immune response and tumour progression. Consequently, it remains elusive whether HLA-G expression by carcinomas functions as an immune checkpoint molecule affecting a tumour-immune response. It may also reflect derailed control of gene expression in tumours, with no real functional consequences.
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18
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Xu HH, Gan J, Xu DP, Li L, Yan WH. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Role of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule in Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614773. [PMID: 34276642 PMCID: PMC8281136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is known as a novel immune checkpoint molecule in cancer; thus, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to systematically identify the roles of checkpoint HLA-G molecules across various types of cancer. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, CCLE, TRRUST, HAP, PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA, DAVID, TIMER, and CIBERSORT were utilized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the heterogeneous expression of HLA-G molecules in various types of cancer and focused on genetic alterations, coexpression patterns, gene interaction networks, HLA-G interactors, and the relationships between HLA-G and pathological stage, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We first identified that the mRNA expression levels of HLA-G were significantly upregulated in both most tumor tissues and tumor cell lines on the basis of in-depth analysis of RNAseq data. The expression levels of HLA-G were positively associated with those of the other immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Abnormal expression of HLA-G was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of some but not all tumor types. There was a significant difference between the high and low HLA-G expression groups in terms of overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). The results showed that HLA-G highly expressed have positive associations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment in most types of tumors (P<0.05). Additionally, we identified the key transcription factor (TF) targets in the regulation of HLA-G expression, including HIVEP2, MYCN, CIITA, MYC, and IRF1. Multiple mutations (missense, truncating, etc.) and the methylation status of the HLA-G gene may explain the differential expression of HLA-G across different tumors. Functional enrichment analysis showed that HLA-G was primarily related to T cell activation, T cell regulation, and lymphocyte-mediated immunity. The data may provide novel insights for blockade of the HLA-G/ILT axis, which holds potential for the development of more effective antitumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Dan-Ping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
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19
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a promising immunotherapy for cancers. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), a neoantigen, its biological functions and clinical relevance have been extensively investigated in malignancies, and early clinical trials with “anti-HLA-G strategy” are being launched for advance solid cancer immunotherapy. The mechanism of HLA-G as a new ICI is that HLA-G can bind immune cell bearing inhibitory receptors, the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2 and ILT-4. HLA-G/ILT-2/-4 (HLA-G/ILTs) signaling can drive comprehensive immune suppression, promote tumor growth and disease progression. Though clinical benefits could be expected with application of HLA-G antibodies to blockade the HLA-G/ILTs signaling in solid cancer immunotherapy, major challenges with the diversity of HLA-G isoforms, HLA-G/ILTs binding specificity, intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity of HLA-G, lack of isoform-specific antibodies and validated assay protocols, which could dramatically affect the clinical efficacy. Clinical benefits of HLA-G-targeted solid cancer immunotherapy may be fluctuated or even premature unless major challenges are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China.,Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Kaprio T, Sariola H, Linder N, Lundin J, Kere J, Haglund C, Wedenoja S. HLA-G expression correlates with histological grade but not with prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. HLA 2021; 98:213-217. [PMID: 34050622 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trophoblast-specific expression of HLA-G induces immune tolerance for the developing fetus. Pathological HLA-G expression later in life might contribute to immune escape of various cancers. We studied the still controversial role of HLA-G in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using the MEM-G/1 antibody and a tissue microarray series of CRC tumors (n = 317). HLA-G expression appeared in 20% of the tumors and showed high intratumoral heterogeneity. HLA-G positivity was associated with better differentiation (p = 0.002) and non-mucinous histology (p = 0.008). However, HLA-G expression alone showed no prognostic value: 5-years disease-specific survival among patients with HLA-G expression was 68.9% (95% CI: 62.7%-75.0%) compared to 74.8% (95% CI: 63.2%-86.3%) among those without expression. These results support a modulatory role of HLA-G in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Kaprio
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Sariola
- HUSLAB Pediatric Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Wedenoja
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Peng Y, Xiao J, Li W, Li S, Xie B, He J, Liu C. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Value of Human Leukocyte Antigen G in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642902. [PMID: 34055611 PMCID: PMC8149900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) expression in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence from case-control or cohort studies that evaluated this association. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies written in English published up to April 1, 2021, and with no initial date. Furthermore, the Google Scholar and Google databases were also searched manually for gray literature. The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020213411). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for end points using fixed- and random-effects statistical models to account for heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot, Begg's and Egger's tests, and the "trim and fill" method. RESULTS A total of 30 eligible articles with 5737 unique patients, including 12 studies on colorectal cancer (CRC), 6 on gastric cancer (GC), 5 on esophageal cancer (ESCC), 5 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 2 on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC), were retrieved. Both univariate (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.48 ~ 2.72) and multivariate (HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.03 ~ 3.55) analyses revealed that HLA-G expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS), regardless of the cancer type or antibody used. Subgroup analysis stratified by antibody showed that the 4H84 (I2 = 45.8%, P = 0.101) antibodies could be trustworthy and reliable for detecting HLA-G expression in GI cancers. In addition, HLA-G expression was found to be correlated with adverse clinicopathological parameters such as clinical stage, nodal status, metastasis, and histological grade but not tumor status. CONCLUSION Elevated HLA-G expression indicates a poor prognosis for GI cancer patients, and screening for this marker could allow for the early diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers to improve survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Peng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Delgado-Ramirez Y, Ocaña-Soriano A, Ledesma-Soto Y, Olguín JE, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Terrazas LI, Leon-Cabrera S. STAT6 Is Critical for the Induction of Regulatory T Cells In Vivo Controlling the Initial Steps of Colitis-Associated Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4049. [PMID: 33919941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the main driver of the tumor initiation and progression in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Recent findings have indicated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) plays a fundamental role in the early stages of CAC, and STAT6 knockout (STAT6−/−) mice are highly resistant to CAC development. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in coordinating immunomodulation in cancer; however, the role of STAT6 in the induction and function of Treg cells is poorly understood. To clarify the contribution of STAT6 to CAC, STAT6−/− and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to an AOM/DSS regimen, and the frequency of peripheral and local Treg cells was determined during the progression of CAC. When STAT6 was lacking, a remarkable reduction in tumor growth was observed, which was associated with decreased inflammation and an increased number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in the colon, circulation, and spleen, including an over-expression of TGF-beta, IL-10, and Foxp3, compared to WT mice, during the early stages of CAC development. Conversely, WT mice showed an inverse frequency of Treg cells compared with STAT6−/− mice, which was followed by intestinal tumor formation. Increased mucosal inflammation, histological damage, and tumorigenesis were restored to levels observed in WT mice when an early inhibition/depletion of Treg cells was performed in STAT6−/− mice. Thus, with STAT6 deficiency, an increased number of Treg cells induce resistance against tumorigenesis, arresting tumor-promoting inflammation. We reported a direct role of STAT6 in the induction and function of Treg cells during CAC development and suggest that STAT6 is a potential target for the modulation of immune response in colitis and CAC.
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23
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Dhatchinamoorthy K, Colbert JD, Rock KL. Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636568. [PMID: 33767702 PMCID: PMC7986854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules bind peptides derived from a cell's expressed genes and then transport and display this antigenic information on the cell surface. This allows CD8 T cells to identify pathological cells that are synthesizing abnormal proteins, such as cancers that are expressing mutated proteins. In order for many cancers to arise and progress, they need to evolve mechanisms to avoid elimination by CD8 T cells. MHC I molecules are not essential for cell survival and therefore one mechanism by which cancers can evade immune control is by losing MHC I antigen presentation machinery (APM). Not only will this impair the ability of natural immune responses to control cancers, but also frustrate immunotherapies that work by re-invigorating anti-tumor CD8 T cells, such as checkpoint blockade. Here we review the evidence that loss of MHC I antigen presentation is a frequent occurrence in many cancers. We discuss new insights into some common underlying mechanisms through which some cancers inactivate the MHC I pathway and consider some possible strategies to overcome this limitation in ways that could restore immune control of tumors and improve immunotherapy.
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24
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Lam JH, Hong M, Koo SL, Chua CWL, Lim KL, Wee F, Wan WK, Leow WQ, Yeo JG, Tan IBH, Yeong J, Lim TKH, Lim TS. CD30 +OX40 + Treg is associated with improved overall survival in colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2353-2365. [PMID: 33527196 PMCID: PMC8289785 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are often enriched in tumors, where their immunosuppressive function has a key role in tumor persistence and progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), however, Tregs are frequently associated with an improved clinical outcome. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs have been shown to exhibit a distinct signature comprising the co-stimulatory molecules (OX40, 4-1BB), cytokine receptors (IL1R2, IL21R, CCR8, CD30), and co-inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, TIGIT). Here, we showed by flow cytometry that circulating CD45RO+ Tregs from patients with CRC (n = 25) have elevated CD30 and OX40 expression compared to healthy subjects (n = 14). We identified co-expression of CD30 and OX40 on circulating CD45RO+ Tregs using single-cell images captured by the DEPArray™ system. The frequency of CD30+OX40+CD45RO+ Tregs was significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Importantly, receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that this CD30+OX40+ Treg subset could strongly discriminate between CRC patients and healthy subjects with the highest accuracy of 92.3%, an AUC of 0.92, a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 82.35%, and a trade-off value of 3.44%, compared to other Treg subsets. Consistently, multiplex-IHC/IF of tumor-infiltrating Tregs revealed a significant association between high densities of CD30+OX40+ Tregs and improved overall survival; no such association was found for other subsets. These data suggest a potential role for CD30+OX40+ Tregs as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hang Lam
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Hong
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kah Ling Lim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicia Wee
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Keat Wan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Leow
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tong Seng Lim
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Fantini MC, Favale A, Onali S, Facciotti F. Tumor Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Sporadic and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: The Red Little Riding Hood and the Wolf. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186744. [PMID: 32937953 PMCID: PMC7555219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells represent a class of specialized T lymphocytes that suppress unwanted immune responses and size the activation of the immune system whereby limiting collateral damages in tissues involved by inflammation. In cancer, the accumulation of Tregs is generally associated with poor prognosis. Many lines of evidence indicate that Tregs accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) suppresses the immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), thus promoting tumor progression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSLC), breast carcinoma and melanoma. In colorectal cancer (CRC) the effect of Tregs accumulation is debated. Some reports describe the association of high number of Tregs in CRC stroma with a better prognosis while others failed to find any association. These discordant results stem from the heterogeneity of the immune environment generated in CRC in which anticancer immune response may coexists with tumor promoting inflammation. Moreover, different subsets of Tregs have been identified that may exert different effects on cancer progression depending on tumor stage and their location within the tumor mass. Finally, Tregs phenotypic plasticity may be induced by cytokines released in the TME by dysplastic and other tumor-infiltrating cells thus affecting their functional role in the tumor. Here, we reviewed the recent literature about the role of Tregs in CRC and in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), where inflammation is the main driver of tumor initiation and progression. We tried to explain when and how Tregs can be considered to be the “good” or the “bad” in the colon carcinogenesis process on the basis of the available data concluding that the final effect of Tregs on sporadic CRC and CAC depends on their localization within the tumor, the subtype of Tregs involved and their phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnese Favale
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Sara Onali
- CEMAD-IBD UNIT-Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
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26
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Li M, Li W, Yang X, Wang H, Peng Y, Yin J, Lu Y, Liu L, Shang J, Zhao Q. An immune landscape based prognostic signature predicts the immune status and immunotherapeutic responses of patients with colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 261:118368. [PMID: 32888940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with poor prognosis worldwide. The advent of immunotherapy has greatly improved survival in refractory patients of CRC. In this study, we aimed to identify reliable immune classification and biomarkers that predict immunotherapeutic responses in CRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on transcriptome profiles of two publicly available CRC datasets, we performed single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to calculate the relative abundance of 29 immune-related items of each sample. Unsupervised clustering was used to classify CRC patients. Furthermore, an immune prognostic signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. KEY FINDINGS The CRC patients were clustered into high, medium, low immune infiltration subtypes based on the immune landscape. There was significant heterogeneity among the three subtypes. The high immune infiltration group showed higher expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 and better prognosis than the median and low immune infiltration groups. Furthermore, we constructed a 7-immune-related prognostic gene signature and found that the signature had high predictive value and was superior to other clinicopathological parameters. Finally, the correlation analysis of the signature with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules suggested that the signature had the potential to assess the immunotherapeutic responses of CRC patients. SIGNIFICANCE The immune landscape and prognostic signature of CRC contribute to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment and guide accurate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Medical Records, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinwen Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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27
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Guo N, Wen Y, Wang C, Kang L, Wang X, Liu X, Soulika AM, Liu B, Zhao M, Han X, Lv P, Xing L, Zhang X, Shen H. Lung adenocarcinoma-related TNF-α-dependent inflammation upregulates MHC-II on alveolar type II cells through CXCR-2 to contribute to Treg expansion. FASEB J 2020; 34:12197-12213. [PMID: 33000506 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000166rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MHC-II on alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells is associated with immune tolerance in an inflammatory microenvironment. Recently, we found TNF-α upregulated MHC-II in AT-II in vitro. In this study, we explored whether TNF-α-mediated inflammation upregulates MHC-II on AT-II cells to trigger Treg expansion in inflammation-driven lung adenocarcinoma (IDLA). Using urethane-induced mice IDLA model, we found that IDLA cells mainly arise from AT-II cells, which are the major source of MHC-II. Blocking urethane-induced inflammation by TNF-α neutralization inhibited tumorigenesis and reversed MHC-II upregulation on tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin in IDLA. MHC-II-dependent AT-II cells were isolated from IDLA-induced Treg expansion. In human LA samples, we found high expression of MHC-II in tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin, which was correlated with increased Foxp3+ T cells infiltration as well as CXCR-2 expression. CXCR-2 and MHC-II colocalization was observed in inflamed lung tissue and IDLA cells of AT-II cellular origin. Furthermore, at the pro-IDLA inflammatory stage, TNF-α-neutralization or CXCR-2 deficiency inhibited the upregulation of MHC-II on AT-II cells in inflamed lung tissue. Thus, tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin contribute to Treg expansion in an MHC-II-dependent manner in TNF-α-mediated IDLA. At the pro-tumor inflammatory stage, TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation plays an important role in MHC-II upregulation on AT-II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lifei Kang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bowei Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojing Han
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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28
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Kanno H, Miyoshi H, Yoshida N, Sudo T, Nakashima K, Takeuchi M, Nomura Y, Seto M, Hisaka T, Tanaka H, Okuda K, Akagi Y, Ohshima K. Differences in the immunosurveillance pattern associated with DNA mismatch repair status between right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3032-3044. [PMID: 32449240 PMCID: PMC7419035 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor location and immunity play important roles in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the differences in the immunosurveillance pattern between right‐ and left‐sided CRC and analyze their association with clinicopathologic features, including mismatch repair (MMR) status. We included surgically resected stage II/III CRC cases and evaluated the immunohistochemical findings of HLA class I, HLA class II, programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), PD‐1, CTLA‐4, CD3, CD4, CD8, TIA‐1, T‐bet, GATA3, RORγT, Foxp3, and CD163. A total of 117 patients were included in the analyses; of these, 30 and 87 had right‐ and left‐sided cancer, respectively. Tumor immunity varied according to the tumor location in the overall cohort. Analysis of the tumors excluding those with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency also revealed that tumor immunity differed according to the tumor location. In right‐sided colon cancer (CC), high expression of Foxp3 (P = .0055) and TIA‐1 (P = .0396) were associated with significantly better disease‐free survival (DFS). High CD8 (P = .0808) and CD3 (P = .0863) expression tended to have better DFS. Furthermore, in left‐sided CRC, only high PD‐L1 expression in the stroma (P = .0426) was associated with better DFS. In multivariate analysis, high Foxp3 expression in right‐sided CC was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio, 7.6445; 95% confidence interval, 1.2091‐150.35; P = .0284). In conclusion, the immunosurveillance pattern differs between right‐ and left‐sided CRC, even after adjusting for MMR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kanno
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sudo
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mai Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nomura
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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29
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Krijgsman D, Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Bedognetti D, Kuppen PJK. HLA-G: A New Immune Checkpoint in Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124528. [PMID: 32630545 PMCID: PMC7350262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), known as a central protein in providing immune tolerance to the fetus in pregnant women, is also studied for a possible role in tumor development. Many studies have claimed HLA-G as a new immune checkpoint in cancer. Therefore, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. In order to substantiate that HLA-G is indeed an immune checkpoint in cancer, two important questions need to be answered: (1) To what extent is HLA-G expressed in the tumor by cancer cells? and (2) What is the function of HLA-G in cancer immune evasion? In this review, we discuss these questions. We agree that HLA-G is a potentially new immune checkpoint in cancer, but additional evidence is required to show the extent of intra-tumor and inter-tumor expression. These studies should focus on tumor expression patterns of the seven different HLA-G isoforms and of the receptors for HLA-G. Furthermore, specific roles for the different HLA-G isoforms should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Krijgsman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (J.R.)
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (W.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (W.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (W.H.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter J. K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-5264569
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Idos GE, Kwok J, Bonthala N, Kysh L, Gruber SB, Qu C. The Prognostic Implications of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3360. [PMID: 32099066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are an important histopathologic feature of colorectal cancer that confer prognostic information. Previous clinical and epidemiologic studies have found that the presence and quantification of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are significantly associated with disease-specific and overall survival in colorectal cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, establishing pooled estimates for survival outcomes based on the presence of TILs in colon cancer. PubMed (Medline), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to April 2017. Studies were included, in which the prognostic significance of intratumoral tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as subsets of CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD45R0 lymphocytes, were determined within the solid tumor center, the invasive margin, and tumor stroma. Random-effects models were calculated to estimated summary effects using hazard ratios. Forty-three relevant studies describing 21,015 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The results demonstrate that high levels of generalized TILS as compared to low levels had an improved overall survival (OS) with a HR of 0.65 (p = <0.01). In addition, histologically localized CD3+ T-cells at the tumor center were significantly associated with better disease-free survival (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.36–0.61, p = 0.05), and CD3 + cells at the invasive margin were associated with improved disease-free survival (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.86, p = 0.05). CD8+ T-cells at the tumor center had statistically significant prognostic value on cancer-specific survival and overall survival with HRs of 0.65 (p = 0.02) and 0.71 (p < 0.01), respectively. Lastly, FOXP3+ T-cells at the tumor center were associated with improved prognosis for cancer-specific survival (HR = 0.65, p < 0.01) and overall survival (HR = 0.70, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that TILs and specific TIL subsets serve as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer.
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Wu Z, Liang J, Wang Z, Li A, Fan X, Jiang T. HLA-E expression in diffuse glioma: relationship with clinicopathological features and patient survival. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:59. [PMID: 32066399 PMCID: PMC7025409 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) has been extensively investigated in various human cancers including glioma. However, the clinical significance of HLA-E expression in glioma patients has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the association of HLA-E expression with clinicopathological features and survival in patients with diffuse glioma. METHODS A total of 261 glioma patients were enrolled, subsequently, mRNA microarray analysis was conducted to identify the relationship of HLA-E with clinicopathological features and patient survival. RESULTS HLA-E was significantly overexpressed in high-grade gliomas compared to low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Moreover, HLA-E expression was significantly higher in diffuse astrocytomas than oligodendrogliomas (p = 0.032, t-test). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in LGG patients with low HLA-E expression (p = 0.018 for PFS and p = 0.020 for OS, Log-rank test). Furthermore, HLA-E expression was identified to be an independent prognostic factor by Cox analysis (p = 0.020 for PFS and p = 0.024 for OS). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which identified the clinical significance of HLA-E in diffuse glioma. HLA-E expression was correlated with more aggressive tumor grade and histological type and was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker in LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshan Liang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Najafimehr H, Hajizadeh N, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Pourhoseingholi MA, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Ashtari S, Zali MR. The role of Human leukocyte antigen class I on patient survival in Gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:728. [PMID: 31959894 PMCID: PMC6970991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA- I) in gastrointestinal cancers has been remained controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the role of classical HLA-I in predicting survival of patients. In addition, the relationship between HLA- I and some clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Published studies investigated HLA-I expression effect on gastrointestinal cancers were evaluated to determine association between HLA- I and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients. The used effect sizes were hazard ratio (HR) and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of ten studies included 1307 patients were analyzed. The pooled results revealed that HLA- I overexpression was positively related to OS (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.96) and demonstrated little association for RFS (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46–1.08). HLA-I overexpression is negative associated with poorer differentiation of tumor (OR: 0.53; 95% CI (0.43–0.81) and also higher stages of cancer (OR: 0.29; 95% CI (0.13–0.64). HLA- I overexpression was related to a better prognosis on OS and probably had little impact on RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Najafimehr
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hajizadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Ashtari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alexander PG, McMillan DC, Park JH. The local inflammatory response in colorectal cancer - Type, location or density? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 83:101949. [PMID: 31869737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The host anti-tumour inflammatory response is a strong prognostic indicator, and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are believed to have a complimentary role alongside TNM assessment in dictating future management. However, there is wide disagreement regarding the most efficacious and cost-effective method of assessment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed of EMBASE, MedLine and PubMed as well as an assessment of references to identify all relevant studies relating to the assessment of the peri-tumoural inflammatory response or TILs and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). A meta-analysis was performed of 67 studies meeting the REMARK criteria using RevMan software. RESULTS Intratumoural assessment of both CD3 and CD8 in CRC were significant for disease-free survival (DFS) (combined HRs 0.46; 95%CI: 0.39-0.54 and 0.54; 95%CI: 0.45-0.65), as well as overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The same was true for assessment of CD3 and CD8 at the invasive margin (DFS: combined HRs 0.45; 95%CI: 0.33-0.61 and 0.51; 95%CI: 0.41-0.62). However, similar fixed effects summaries were also observed for H&E-based methods, like Klintrup-Makinen grade (DFS: HR 0.62; 95%CI: 0.43-0.88). Furthermore, inflammatory assessments were independent of MSI status. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that it is the density of a co-ordinated local inflammatory infiltrate that confers survival benefit, rather than any individual immune cell subtype. Furthermore, the location of individual cells within the tumour microenvironment does not appear to influence survival. The authors advocate a standardised assessment of the local inflammatory response, but caution against emphasizing the importance of any individual immune cell subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H Park
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Schack A, Fransgaard T, Klein MF, Gögenur I. Perioperative Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Decreases the Risk of Recurrence of Cancer After Colorectal Resection: A Cohort Study Based on Prospective Data. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:3826-3837. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ouni N, Chaaben AB, Kablouti G, Ayari F, Douik H, Abaza H, Gara S, Elgaaied-Benammar A, Guemira F, Tamouza R. The Impact of HLA-G 3'UTR Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer in a Tunisian Population. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:521-532. [PMID: 30945586 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1569043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens G and E (HLA-G and HLA-E) are nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These molecules play an important role in immune surveillance by inhibiting natural killer and cytotoxic T cells responsible for immune escape. The expression of HLA-G and HLA-E has been associated with several diseases including tumor. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of three HLA-G 3'UTR potential polymorphisms: +3187 A > G (rs9380142), +3142 G > C (rs1063320), +2960 14-base pair (bp) Insertion/Deletion (Ins/Del) (rs66554220), and the HLA-E*01:01/01:03 A > G (rs1264457) polymorphism in Tunisian breast cancer population. A total of 355 patients and 381 controls were genotyping for HLA-G and HLA-E polymorphisms using a Taq Man assay. +3142 C allele and +3142 C/C genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer (p = 0.00002; OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 27-1.97) (49% versus 35%; p = 0.0001; OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.32-2.44). In addition, Del allele and the homozygous state for Del/Del genotype confer a risk for breast cancer (52% versus 45%, p = 0.006; OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.08-1.64) (28% versus 22%, p = 0.039; OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.90-2.25). However, no statistical significant differences were reported for HLA-G + 3187 A > G and HLA-E variations and breast cancer in a Tunisian population. The found results indicate that HLA-G may play an important role in the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ouni
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Arij Ben Chaaben
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
- b Jean Dausset Laboratory and INSERM, U1160 , Saint Louis Hospital , Paris , France
| | - Ghalia Kablouti
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Fayza Ayari
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Hayet Douik
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Hajer Abaza
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sonia Gara
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Amel Elgaaied-Benammar
- c Immunology Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences , Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Fethi Guemira
- a Clinical Biology Department , Salah Azaiz Institute , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- d INSERM, U955, Translational Psychiatry , Paris-East University , Creteil , France
- e AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Department of Psychiatry , Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Creteil , Creteil , France
- f Fondation FondaMental , Creteil , France
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Zhao Y, Ge X, He J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Sun L. The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer differs by anatomical subsite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:85. [PMID: 31118034 PMCID: PMC6532263 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In colorectal cancer (CRC), whether the immune score can be used to predict the clinical prognosis of the patient has not been completely established. Besides, the prognostic values of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in different anatomical locations, counting sites, and subtypes have been controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to analyze and determine the prognostic value of TILs indices including TIL subsets, infiltrating sites, and anatomical sites. METHODS Relevant literature was obtained by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was computed to investigate the prognostic significance of CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ T cells. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 5108 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In CC, based on T cell subtypes analysis, the final results indicated that CD8+ and FOXP3+ infiltrating cells, but not CD3+ T cells were prognostic markers for DFS and OS. In addition, with regard to the counting location of TILs, subgroup analysis revealed that only high FOXP3+ infiltrates in the tumor stroma (ST) were significantly associated with OS (HR = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.67, P = 0.0007), whereas in invasive margin (IM), high density of CD3+ infiltrating cells indicated increased DFS (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62-0.93, P = 0.008). At the tumor center (TC), high CD8+ T cells infiltration was associated with improved DFS (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.38-0.65, P < 0.00001). In RC, whether CSS or OS, high-density TIL was associated with improved prognosis. CONCLUSION In a single counting site, high-density TILs reflect favorable prognostic value in CC or RC. For CC, more prospective studies are needed to verify whether different anatomical sites affect the distribution of TILs and thus the prognosis of patients. For RC, further studies should analyze the prognostic value of the immune score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Krijgsman D, Van Vlierberghe RLP, Evangelou V, Vahrmeijer AL, Van de Velde CJH, Sier CFM, Kuppen PJK. A method for semi-automated image analysis of HLA class I tumour epithelium expression in rectal cancer. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 31113192 PMCID: PMC6536912 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers may hold the key towards development and improvement of personalized cancer treatment. For instance, tumour expression of immune system-related proteins may reveal the tumour immune status and, accordingly, determine choice for type of immunotherapy. Therefore, objective evaluation of tumour biomarker expression is needed but often challenging. For instance, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tumour epithelium expression is cumbersome to quantify by eye due to its presence on both tumour epithelial cells and tumour stromal cells, as well as tumourinfiltrating immune cells. In this study, we solved this problem by setting up an immunohistochemical (IHC) double staining using a tissue microarray (TMA) of rectal tumours wherein HLA class I expression was coloured with a blue chromogen, whereas non-epithelial tissue was visualized with a brown chromogen. We subsequently developed a semi-automated image analysis method that identified tumour epithelium as well as the percentage of HLA class I-positive tumour epithelium. Using this technique, we compared HCA2/HC10 and EMR8-5 antibodies for the assessment of HLA class I tumour expression and concluded that EMR8-5 is the superior antibody for this purpose. This IHC double staining can in principle be used for scoring of any biomarker expressed by tumour epithelium.
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Würfel FM, Winterhalter C, Trenkwalder P, Wirtz RM, Würfel W. European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081830. [PMID: 31013867 PMCID: PMC6514949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an “interface” between the embryo/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the “original” HLA identification of the embryo/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Würfel
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
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Ravindranath MH, Filippone EJ, Devarajan A, Asgharzadeh S. Enhancing Natural Killer and CD8 + T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Cytotoxicity and Proliferation of CD8 + T Cells with HLA-E Monospecific Monoclonal Antibodies. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2019; 38:38-59. [PMID: 31009335 PMCID: PMC6634170 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic NK/CD8+ T cells interact with MHC-I ligands on tumor cells through either activating or inhibiting receptors. One of the inhibitory receptors is CD94/NKG2A. The NK/CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capability is lost when tumor-associated human leukocyte antigen, HLA-E, binds the CD94/NKG2A receptor, resulting in tumor progression and reduced survival. Failure of cancer patients to respond to natural killer (NK) cell therapies could be due to HLA-E overexpression in tumor tissues. Preventing the inhibitory receptor-ligand interaction by either receptor- or ligand-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an innovative passive immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer. Since receptors and ligands can be monomeric or homo- or heterodimeric proteins, the efficacy of mAbs may rely on their ability to distinguish monospecific (private) functional epitopes from nonfunctional common (public) epitopes. We developed monospecific anti-HLA-E mAbs (e.g., TFL-033) that recognize only HLA-E-specific epitopes, but not epitopes shared with other HLA class-I loci as occurs with currently available polyreactive anti-HLA-E mAbs. Interestingly the amino acid sequences in the α1 and α2 helices of HLA-E, critical for the recognition of the mAb TFL-033, are strikingly the same sequences recognized by the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors on NK/CD8+ cells. Such monospecific mAbs can block the CD94/NKG2A interaction with HLA-E to restore NK cell and CD8+ anticancer cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the HLA-E monospecific mAbs significantly promoted the proliferation of the CD4-/CD8+ T cells. These monospecific mAbs are also invaluable for the specific demonstration of HLA-E on tumor biopsies, potentially indicating those tumors most likely to respond to such therapy. Thus, they can be used to enhance passive immunotherapy once phased preclinical studies and clinical trials are completed. On principle, we postulate that NK cell passive immunotherapy should capitalize on both of these features of monospecific HLA-E mAbs, that is, the specific determination HLA-E expression on a particular tumor and the enhancement of NK cell/CD8+ cytotoxicity if HLA-E positive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Asokan Devarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California
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Cai Z, Wang L, Han Y, Gao W, Wei X, Gong R, Zhu M, Sun Y, Yu S. Immunoglobulin‑like transcript 4 and human leukocyte antigen‑G interaction promotes the progression of human colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1943-1954. [PMID: 30942436 PMCID: PMC6521940 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin‑like transcript (ILT) 4, a negative regulator of immune response in allograft rejection, autoimmunity and infectious diseases, has recently been determined to serve important roles in tumor development. In the present study, the co‑expression of ILT4 and human leukocyte antigen‑G (HLA‑G) in tissues of human primary colorectal cancer (CRC) was revealed, and its association with older age, advanced stage, regional lymph node involvement and poor overall survival time was identified. In CRC cell lines, ILT4 and HLA‑G co‑expression and their autocrine regulation was demonstrated. ILT4 interference affected HLA‑G expression and regulated the cell proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC. HLA‑G fusion protein treatment also increased ILT4 expression in a dose‑dependent manner, thereby activating protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, and facilitating the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Additionally, the AKT and ERK activation, and CRC cell malignant characteristics induced by HLA‑G may be suppressed by blocking ILT4. The present results indicated that the interaction of ILT4 and its ligand HLA‑G promotes CRC progression through AKT and ERK signal activation, providing a novel strategy of blocking ILT4/HLA‑G for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shan‑dong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Rumei Gong
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Gonzaga AKG, Santos HBDP, Crispim JCO, Souza LBD, Palomino GM. Immunohistochemical evaluation of HLA-G and FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in oral cavity and lower lip squamous cell carcinomas. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e020. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lybaert L, Vermaelen K, De Geest BG, Nuhn L. Immunoengineering through cancer vaccines – A personalized and multi-step vaccine approach towards precise cancer immunity. J Control Release 2018; 289:125-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity has been observed in most malignancies, which represents a considerable challenge for tumor therapy. In recent decades, the biological function and clinical significance of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G have been intensively explored. It is now widely accepted that HLA-G is a critical marker of immunotolerance in cancer cell immune evasion and is strongly associated with disease progress and prognosis for cancer patients. Moreover, it has recently been emphasized that the signaling pathway linking HLA-G and immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) is considered an immune checkpoint. In addition, HLA-G itself can generate at least seven distinct isoforms, and intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression is common across different tumor types. Furthermore, HLA-G heterogeneity in cancers has been related to disease stage and outcomes, metastatic status and response to different therapies. This review focuses on the heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in malignant lesions, and clinical implications of this heterogeneity that might be relevant to personalized treatments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Swets M, Wouters A, Krijgsman D, van Vlierberghe RLP, Boot A, van Eendenburg JD, van Wezel T, Gelderblom H, van de Velde CJH, van den Elsen PJ, Kuppen PJK. HLA-G protein expression in colorectal cancer evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis: Its expression characteristics remain enigmatic. Clin Immunol 2018; 194:80-86. [PMID: 30006120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G protein expression could play a role in evasion of tumor immune surveillance. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that HLA-G is expressed in different types of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the current study was to further unravel whether HLA-G protein expression could play a role in immune evasion of CRC. Therefore, to firmly establish HLA-G protein expression, eight early passage human CRC cell lines and five human rectal cancer tissues were analyzed by western blot analysis. The results obtained by western blot analysis were compared with immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue sections of the same patient. Furthermore, multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 4H84, MEM-G/1 and 5A6G7, targeting HLA-G were used to unravel staining patterns. We showed that results obtained with immunohistochemistry did not correlate with protein expression detected by western blot analysis, using three different HLA-G targeting mAbs. Furthermore, with respect to the specificity of the mAbs employed, additional immune reactivity was detected using the mAbs MEM-G/1 and 5A6G7 in western blot analysis with K562 control cell lines overexpressing HLA-A2 or HLA-G, all tumor tissues and in two out of eight CRC cell lines. Based on the current study and our previously reported results, we conclude that claiming HLA-G plays a role in immune modulation of CRC seems premature, as results from anti-body based detection of HLA-G protein remain inconclusive. Until the time that detection of HLA-G is sensitive enough to detect all aspects of HLA-G expression in biological samples, rather than transfected cells or long time cultured cell lines, conclusions should be drawn with great care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Swets
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Wouters
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Krijgsman
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnoud Boot
- Dept. of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom van Wezel
- Dept. of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Gomes RG, Brito CAAD, Martinelli VF, Santos RND, Gomes FODS, Peixoto CA, Crispim JO, Diniz GTN, Donadi EA, Lucena-Silva N. HLA-G is expressed in intestinal samples of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients and HLA-G5 expression is differentially correlated with TNF and IL-10 cytokine expression. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:477-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ling ZA, Zhang LJ, Ye ZH, Dang YW, Chen G, Li RL, Zeng JJ. Immunohistochemical distribution of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:1841-1854. [PMID: 31938291 PMCID: PMC6958190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have focused on less invasive methods for diagnosing and predicting survival outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Objective: We studied the role of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in the tumorigenesis of CRC and investigated its prognostic value in survival outcome estimates. Methods: FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell levels in CRC and adjacent tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared statistically. A literature search was conducted on FOXP3+ Treg cell density and survival rates, including overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. Meta-analyses were then performed to determine the prognostic value of FOXP3+ Treg cell levels in CRC patients. Results: FOXP3+ Treg cells were increased in CRC tissues over adjacent controls according to the IHC results (t = 14.321; P < 0.001) and cell densities in cases with metastases were higher than those without metastasis (P < 0.05). Cases with serosal infiltration showed higher FOXP3+ Treg cell densities compared to cases without infiltration (P < 0.05) and cell densities in cases differentiated to a lower degree than in cases showing a medium to high degree of differentiation (P < 0.05). Moreover, meta-analysis found a high FOXP3+ Treg cells density in CRC tissues (standardized mean differences = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.03-0.57]), which was correlated with better overall patient survival outcome (hazard ratio = 0.749 [95% CI: 0.648-0.867]). Conclusions: Increased FOXP3+ Treg cells may be an effective marker for tumorigenesis and clinical prognostic evaluation for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-An Ling
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ye
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Li
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Abstract
Background The presentation of HLA peptide complexes to T cells is a highly regulated and tissue specific process involving multiple transcriptionally controlled cellular components. The extensive polymorphism of HLA genes and the complex composition of the proteasome make it difficult to map their expression profiles across tissues. Methods Here we applied a tailored gene quantification pipeline to 4323 publicly available RNA-Seq datasets representing 55 normal tissues and cell types to examine expression profiles of (classical and non-classical) HLA class I, class II and proteasomal genes. Results We generated the first comprehensive expression atlas of antigen presenting-related genes across 56 normal tissues and cell types, including immune cells, pancreatic islets, platelets and hematopoietic stem cells. We found a surprisingly heterogeneous HLA expression pattern with up to 100-fold difference in intra-tissue median HLA abundances. Cells of the immune system and lymphatic organs expressed the highest levels of classical HLA class I (HLA-A,-B,-C), class II (HLA-DQA1,-DQB1,-DPA1,-DPB1,-DRA,-DRB1) and non-classical HLA class I (HLA-E,-F) molecules, whereas retina, brain, muscle, megakaryocytes and erythroblasts showed the lowest abundance. In contrast, we identified a distinct and highly tissue-restricted expression pattern of the non-classical class I gene HLA-G in placenta, pancreatic islets, pituitary gland and testis. While the constitutive proteasome showed relatively constant expression across all tissues, we found the immunoproteasome to be enriched in lymphatic organs and almost absent in immune privileged tissues. Conclusions Here, we not only provide a reference catalog of tissue and cell type specific HLA expression, but also highlight extremely variable expression of the basic components of antigen processing and presentation in different cell types. Our findings indicate that low expression of classical HLA class I molecules together with lack of immunoproteasome components as well as upregulation of HLA-G may be of key relevance to maintain tolerance in immune privileged tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0354-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boegel
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Löwer
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Sorn
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - John C Castle
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany.,Present address: Agenus Inc, Lexington MA, 02421, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor is a heterogeneous mass of malignant cells co-existing with non-malignant cells. This co-existence evolves from the initial developmental stages of the tumor and is one of the hallmarks of cancer providing a protumorigenic niche known as tumor microenvironment (TME). Proliferation, invasiveness, metastatic potential and maintenance of stemness through cross-talk between tumors and its stroma forms the basis of TME. AREAS COVERED The article highlights the developmental phases of a tumor from dysplasia to the formation of clinically detectable tumors. The authors discuss the mechanistic stages involved in the formation of TME and its contribution in tumor outgrowth and chemoresistance. The authors have reviewed various approaches for targeting TME and its hallmarks along with their advantages and pitfalls. The authors also highlight cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to chemotherapeutics and thus a primary reason for tumor recurrence thereby, posing a challenge for the oncologists. EXPERT OPINION Recent understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acquired chemoresistance has enabled scientists to target the tumor niche and TME and modulate and/or disrupt this communication leading to the transformation from a tumor-supportive niche environment to a tumor-non-supporting environment and give synergistic results towards an effective management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Bhavsar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Munira Momin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- b Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
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Melsted WN, Matzen SH, Andersen MH, Hviid TVF. The choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 upregulates regulatory T cell phenotypes and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines through HLA-G. Cell Immunol 2017; 324:14-23. [PMID: 29198970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the interactions between immune cells and trophoblast cells, as well as choriocarcinoma cells, are of extreme importance in reproductive immunology and cancer immunology. In this study, we found that the human HLA-G-positive choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 upregulates CD4+CD25hiCD127lo T cells, increases the expression of HLA-G+CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and decreases the expression of ILT2+ on CD4+ T cells in resting PBMCs after six days of co-culture. Expression of HLA-G on JEG-3 cells did not affect regulatory T cell phenotypes, but promoted modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A. When JEG-3 cells were stimulated with rhIFN-γ prior to co-culture, CD4+HLA-G+ T cells were significantly increased, and IFN-γ and TNF-α elevated. Taken together, the results indicate that JEG-3 cells upregulate regulatory T cell phenotypes and modulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which might be important mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Nascimento Melsted
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Hyldig Matzen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Xu P, Fan W, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang P, Li Y, Yu M. The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Implications of FoxP3 + Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:950. [PMID: 29209232 PMCID: PMC5702298 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is known as the specific marker for regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), which are responsible for self-tolerance and disturb the antitumor immunity. However, the prognostic implication of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ Tregs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains controversial. The aim of this present study was to investigate the prognostic role of FoxP3+ Tregs in CRC through meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles up to December 12, 2016. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to explore the prognostic value of FoxP3+ Tregs in CRC. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to investigate the correlation between FoxP3+ Tregs and pathological parameters. Results: A total of 18 studies comprising 3,627 patients with CRC were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The combined HR for FoxP3+ Tregs on cancer-specific survival was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.62-0.80, P < 0.001). High FoxP3+ Tregs level was also associated with favorable prognosis on overall survival (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.58-1.01, P = 0.058), with P-value very close to the statistical threshold. Yet, there was no correlation between FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration and disease-free survival (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.63-1.09, P = 0.182). Moreover, FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration was significantly correlated with pT stage (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.39-0.65, P < 0.001), tumor grade (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.98, P = 0.032), lymphatic invasion (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.89, P = 0.033) and vascular invasion (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86, P = 0.001). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that high FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration is inclined to indicate favorable prognosis and is associated with the pathogenesis of CRC. Immunotherapy targeting Tregs in patients with CRC should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - June Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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