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Wei X, Li H, Chen T, Yang X. Histological study of telocytes in mice intrauterine adhesion model and their positive effect on mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:647-664. [PMID: 38353345 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), the main cause of secondary infertility in women, result from irreversible fibrotic repair of the endometrium due to inflammation or human factors, accompanied by disruptions in the repair function of endometrial stem cells. This significantly impacts the physical and mental health of women in their childbearing years. Telocytes (TCs), a distinctive type of interstitial cells found in various tissues and organs, play diverse repair functions due to their unique spatial structure. In this study, we conduct the inaugural exploration of the changes in TCs in IUA disease and their potential impact on the function of stem cells. Our results show that in vivo, through double immunofluorescence staining (CD34+/Vimentin+; CD34+/CD31-), as endometrial fibrosis deepens, the number of TCs gradually decreases, telopodes shorten, and the three-dimensional structure becomes disrupted in the mouse IUA mode. In vitro, TCs can promote the proliferation and cycle of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by promoting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which were inhibited using XAV939. TCs can promote the migrated ability of BMSCs and contribute to the repair of stem cells during endometrial injury. In addition, TCs can inhibit the apoptosis of BMSCs through the Bcl-2/Bax pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrates, for the first time, the resistance role of TCs in IUA disease, shedding light on their potential involvement in endometrial repair through the modulation of stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianquan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Sanches BDA, Teófilo FBS, Brunet MY, Villapun VM, Man K, Rocha LC, Neto JP, Matsumoto MR, Maldarine JS, Ciena AP, Cox SC, Carvalho HF. Telocytes: current methods of research, challenges and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:141-155. [PMID: 38539007 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are CD34-positive interstitial cells that have long cytoplasmic projections, called telopodes; they have been identified in several organs and in various species. These cells establish a complex communication network between different stromal and epithelial cell types, and there is growing evidence that they play a key role in physiology and pathology. In many tissues, TC network impairment has been implicated in the onset and progression of pathological conditions, which makes the study of TCs of great interest for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarise the main methods involved in the characterisation of these cells as well as their inherent difficulties and then discuss the functional assays that are used to uncover the role of TCs in normal and pathological conditions, from the most traditional to the most recent. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives in the study of TCs, especially regarding the establishment of more precise markers, commercial lineages and means for drug delivery and genetic editing that directly target TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B S Teófilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor M Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kenny Man
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta R Matsumoto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pawlicki P, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Toward understanding the role of the interstitial tissue architects: Possible functions of telocytes in the male gonad. Theriogenology 2024; 217:25-36. [PMID: 38241912 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes represent a relatively recently discovered population of interstitial cells with a unique morphological structure that distinguishes them from other neighboring cells. Through their long protrusions extending from the cell body, telocytes create microenvironments via tissue compartmentalization and create homo- and hetero-cellular junctions. These establish a three-dimensional network enabling the maintenance of interstitial compartment homeostasis through regulation of extracellular matrix organization and activity, structural support, paracrine and juxtracrine communication, immunomodulation, immune surveillance, cell survival, and apoptosis. The presence of telocytes has also been confirmed in testicular interstitial tissue of many species of animals. The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on telocytes in the male gonad, on which conclusions have been deduced that indicate the involvement of telocytes in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the testicular interstitial tissue, in the processes of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, and photoperiod-mediated changes in the testes in seasonally reproductive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, 06110, Dışkapı, Turkey.
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-385, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Wei XJ, Huang YL, Chen TQ, Yang XJ. Inhibitory effect of telocyte-induced M1 macrophages on endometriosis: Targeting angiogenesis and invasion. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152099. [PMID: 37813067 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of stromal cells found in tissues, induce macrophage differentiation into classically activated macrophages (M1) types and enhance their phagocytic function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of TC-induced M1 macrophages on endometriosis (EMs). METHODS mouse uterine primary TCs and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated and identified using double immunofluorescence staining. For the in vitro study, ESCs were treated with TC-induced M1 macrophages, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) genes were identified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blotting (WB). For the in vivo study, an EMs mouse model received TC-conditioned medium (TCM) via abdominal administration, and characterized the inhibitory effects on growth (lesion weight, volume, and pathology), tissue-resident macrophages differentiation by immunostaining, angiogenic capacity (CD31 and VEGF), invasive capacity (MMP9), and NF-κb expression within EMs lesions. RESULTS immunofluorescent staining showed that uterine TCs expressed CD34+ and vimentin+, whereas ESCs expressed vimentin+ and cytokeratin-. At the cellular level, TC-induced M1 macrophages can significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF and MMP9 in ESCs through WB or qRT-PCR, possibly by suppressing the NF-κb pathway. The in vivo study showed that macrophages switch from the alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in untreated EMs lesions to the M1 subtype after TCM exposure. Thereby, TC-induced M1 macrophages contributed to the inhibition of EMs lesions. More importantly, this effect may be achieved by suppressing the expression of NF-κb to inhibit angiogenesis (CD31 and VEGF) and invasion (MMP9) in the tissue. CONCLUSION TC-induced M1 macrophages play a prevailing role in suppressing EMs by inhibiting angiogenic and invasive capacity through the NF-κb pathway, which provides a promising therapeutic approach for EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China
| | - Yue-Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550000, PR China
| | - Tian-Quan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China.
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Rutland CS, Soliman SA. Morphology of migrating telocytes and their potential role in stem cell differentiation during cartilage development in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1108-1121. [PMID: 37337938 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are present in a broad range of species and regulate processes including homeostasis, tissue regeneration and immunosurveillance. This novel study describes the morphological features of migrating TCs and their role during cartilage development within the air-breathing organ in Clarias gariepinus, the African sharptooth catfish. Light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the TCs. TCs had a cell body and telopodes which formed 3D networks in the cartilage canals and extended their telopodes to become the foremost cellular elements penetrating the cartilage matrix. The TCs were also rich in lysosomes that secreted products to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, TCs formed a homocellular synaptic-like structure that had a synaptic cleft, and the presynaptic portion consisted of a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contained intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions were also identified between TCs, which also connected to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. In addition to describing the basic morphology of TCs, the current study also investigated migrating TCs. The TC telopodes acquired an irregular contour when migrating rather than exhibiting an extended profile. Migrating TCs additionally had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body. The TCs also expressed markers for MMP-9, CD117, CD34 and RhoA. In conclusion, TCs may play multiple roles during development and maturation, including promoting angiogenesis, cell migration, and regulating stem cell differentiation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clarias gariepinus telocytes form 3D networks, extend their telopodes and contain lysosomes. Telocytes form a homocellular synaptic-like structure including clefts and a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contains intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions form between telocytes, which also connect to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. Migrating telocytes were discovered which had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes exhibiting irregular contours, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Xu T, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Telocytes and endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:39-49. [PMID: 35668319 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis involving the presence and growth of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity is a common, inflammatory, benign gynecologic disease. Nevertheless, no single theory can exactly account for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Telocytes, a kind of novel mesenchymal cells, have been suggested to be crucial in promoting angiogenesis and increasing the activity of endometrial interstitial cells and inflammatory cells. Given above roles, telocytes may be considered as the possible pathogenesis of endometriosis. We reviewed the current literature on telocytes. The following aspects were considered: (A) the telocytes' typical characteristics, function, and morphological changes in endometriosis; (B) the potential role of telocytes in endometriosis by impacting the inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis; (C) telocytes as the potential treatment options for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Chen TQ, Wei XJ, Liu HY, Zhan SH, Yang XJ. Telocyte-Derived Exosomes Provide an Important Source of Wnts That Inhibits Fibrosis and Supports Regeneration and Repair of Endometrium. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231212746. [PMID: 38006220 PMCID: PMC10676634 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231212746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) often occurred after common obstetrical and gynecological procedures or infections in women of reproductive age. It was characterized by the formation of endometrial fibrosis and prevention of endometrial regeneration, usually with devastating fertility consequences and poor treatment outcomes so far. Telocytes (TCs), as a novel interstitial cell type, present in female uterus with in vitro therapeutic potential in decidualization-defective gynecologic diseases. This study aims to further investigate the role of TC-derived Wnt ligands carried by exosomes (Exo) in reversal of fibrosis and enhancement of regeneration repair in endometrium. IUA cellular and animal models were established from endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and mice, followed with treatment of TC-conditioned medium (TCM) or TC-derived Exo. In cellular model, fibrosis markers (collagen type 1 alpha 1 [COL1A1], fibronectin [FN], and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), and pathway protein (β-catenin) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), and immunofluorescence. Results showed that, TCs (either TCM or TC-derived Exo) provide a source of Wnts that inhibit cellular fibrosis, as evidenced by significantly elevated VEGF and β-catenin with decreased fibrotic markers, whereas TCs lost salvage on fibrosis after being blocked with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors (XAV939 or ETC-159). Further in mouse model, regeneration repair (endometrial thickness, number of glands, and fibrosis area ratio), fibrosis markers (fibronectin [FN]), mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), and angiogenesis (VEGF, microvessel density [MVD]) were studied by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrated that TC-Exo treatment effectively promotes regeneration repair of endometrium by relieving fibrosis, enhancing MET, and angiogenesis. These results confirmed new evidence for therapeutic perspective of TC-derived Exo in IUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Quan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Kim JE, Li B, Fei L, Horne R, Lee D, Loe AK, Miyake H, Ayar E, Kim DK, Surette MG, Philpott DJ, Sherman P, Guo G, Pierro A, Kim TH. Gut microbiota promotes stem cell differentiation through macrophage and mesenchymal niches in early postnatal development. Immunity 2022; 55:2300-2317.e6. [PMID: 36473468 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell maturation and development coincide with gut microbiota exposure after birth. Here, we investigated how early life microbial exposure, and disruption of this process, impacts the intestinal stem cell niche and development. Single-cell transcriptional analysis revealed impaired stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells and macrophage specification upon antibiotic treatment in early life. Mouse genetic and organoid co-culture experiments demonstrated that a CD206+ subset of intestinal macrophages secreted Wnt ligands, which maintained the mesenchymal niche cells important for Paneth cell differentiation. Antibiotics and reduced numbers of Paneth cells are associated with the deadly infant disease, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We showed that colonization with Lactobacillus or transfer of CD206+ macrophages promoted Paneth cell differentiation and reduced NEC severity. Together, our work defines the gut microbiota-mediated regulation of stem cell niches during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University of School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rachael Horne
- Program in Cell Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lee
- General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Adrian Kwan Loe
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Eda Ayar
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Sherman
- Program in Cell Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University of School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Agostino Pierro
- General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Carvalho HF, Taboga SR. The complex role of telocytes in female prostate tumorigenesis in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1495-1509. [PMID: 35598087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is not an organ exclusive to the male. It is also found in females of several species, including humans, in which part of the Skene gland is homologous to the male prostate. Evidence is accumulating that changes in the stroma are central to tumorigenesis. Equally, telocytes, a recently discovered type of interstitial cell, are essential for the maintenance of stromal organization. However, it is still uncertain whether there are telocytes in the female prostate and if they play a role in tumorigenesis. The present study used ultrastructural and immunofluorescence techniques to investigate the presence of telocytes in the prostate of Mongolian gerbil females, a rodent model that often has a functional prostate in females, as well as to assess the impact of a combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, testosterone, and estradiol on telocytes. The results point to the presence of telocytes in the female prostate in the perialveolar and interalveolar regions, and reveal that these cells are absent in regions of benign and premalignant lesions in the gland, in which the perialveolar smooth muscle is altered. Additionally, telocytes are also closely associated with infiltrated immune cells in the stroma. Our data suggest that telocytes are important for both the maintenance of smooth muscle and prostatic epithelium integrity, which indicates a protective role against the advancement of tumorigenesis. But telocytes are also associated with immune cells and a proinflammatory/proangiogenic role for these cells cannot be ruled out, implying that telocytes have a complex role in prostatic tumorigenesis in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Klein M, Csöbönyeiová M, Danišovič Ľ, Lapides L, Varga I. Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:267. [PMID: 35207554 PMCID: PMC8874826 DOI: 10.3390/life12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From their initial description in 2005 to this day, telocytes (TCs) have been described in the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland, and placenta. Their morphological features, immunophenotype, physiological functions, and roles in disease have been thoroughly documented in both animal models and human subjects. TCs, with their extremely long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, play a pivotal role in the morphological and functional interconnection of all the components of the interstitial compartment, but also with constituents of the parenchyma. Although there is no specific immunohistochemical marker for their identification, the most cited are CD 117, CD 34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vimentin, and specific markers typical for the female reproductive system (FRS)—estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR). This immunophenotype provides important clues to their physiological roles. Their main functions include the regulation of hormone-dependent processes, intercellular signaling, immune surveillance, microenvironmental maintenance, and the nursing of stem cells. In a situation where TCs are functionally or morphologically decimated, many disease entities may develop, including premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, preeclampsia, or even breast cancer. The common denominator of many of these conditions is that their etiopathogenesis is either partially known or completely obscure. Even though the exact role of TCs in these conditions is yet to be revealed, multiple lines of research indicate that their future clinical application may enrich diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of countless conditions. TCs are also heavily debated in terms of their possible use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Some of the concepts related to TC research are strongly substantiated by experimental data, while others are highly speculative. Only future research endeavors will clearly distinguish dead-end lines of research from genuine contributions to the field.
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Mohamedien D, Awad M. Pulmonary Guardians and Special Regulatory Devices in the Lung of Nile Monitor Lizard ( Varanus niloticus) with Special Attention to the Communication Between Telocyte, Pericyte, and Immune Cells. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:281-287. [PMID: 34955118 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762101388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitor lizards are acclimatized to a variety of environments. Most of the monitor species are terrestrial, although there are arboreal and semiaquatic monitors. Such accommodation requires unique cellular structure and regulatory devices in various organs, particularly their lungs. This study aimed to report the pulmonary guardians and special regulatory devices that may guard and promote the function of the lungs of the Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus). Specially structured vessels were recorded in the pulmonary tissue involving atypical glomus vessels, vessels with variable wall thickness, and a venule with specialized internal elastic membrane. Moreover, numerous lung resident guardians could be identified including both alveolar and interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes. Pericytes were demonstrated surrounding the capillary endothelium with a characteristic direct hetero-cellular junction with telocytes. Telocytes established a microenvironment through an indirect hetero-cellular junction with the interstitial macrophage, dendritic cells, and pneumocyte type II. Collectively, these data indicate a significant role played by the specially structured vessels and the resident immune cells in guarding the pulmonary tissue of the Nile monitor lizards and promoting its function. Telocytes are suggested to play a key role in angiogenesis and cellular communication to promote the function of the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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12
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Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial (stromal) cells, have been discovered in many organs of human and mammal animals. TCs, which have unique morphological characteristics and abundant paracrine substance, construct a three-dimensional (3D) interstitial network within the stromal compartment by homocellular and heterocellular communications which are important for tissue homeostasis and normal development. Fibrosis-related diseases remain a common but challenging problem in the field of medicine with unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that where TCs are morphologically or numerically destructed, many diseases continuously develop, finally lead to irreversible interstitial fibrosis. It is not difficult to find that TCs are associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. This review mainly discusses relationship between TCs and the occurrence of fibrosis in various diseases. We analyzed in detail the potential roles and speculated mechanisms of TCs in onset and progression of systemic fibrosis diseases, as well as providing the most up-to-date research on the current therapeutic roles of TCs and involved related pathways. Only through continuous research and exploration in the future can we uncover its magic veil and provide strategies for treatment of fibrosis-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
| | - Tian-quan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
| | - Xiao-jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
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Rosa I, Romano E, Fioretto BS, Guasti D, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. Scleroderma-like Impairment in the Network of Telocytes/CD34 + Stromal Cells in the Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12407. [PMID: 34830288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence accumulated over the past decade supports that telocytes (TCs)/CD34+ stromal cells represent an exclusive type of interstitial cells identifiable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or immunohistochemistry in various organs of the human body, including the skin. By means of their characteristic cellular extensions (telopodes), dermal TCs are arranged in networks intermingled with a multitude of neighboring cells and, hence, they are thought to contribute to skin homeostasis through both intercellular contacts and releasing extracellular vesicles. In this context, fibrotic skin lesions from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) appear to be characterized by a disruption of the dermal network of TCs, which has been ascribed to either cell degenerative processes or possible transformation into profibrotic myofibroblasts. In the present study, we utilized the well-established mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma to gain further insights into the TC alterations found in cutaneous fibrosis. CD34 immunofluorescence revealed a severe impairment in the dermal network of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in bleomycin-treated mice. CD31/CD34 double immunofluorescence confirmed that CD31-/CD34+ TC counts were greatly reduced in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice compared with control mice. Ultrastructural signs of TC injury were detected in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice by TEM. The analyses of skin samples from mice treated with bleomycin for different times by either TEM or double immunostaining and immunoblotting for the CD34/α-SMA antigens collectively suggested that, although a few TCs may transition to α-SMA+ myofibroblasts in the early disease stage, most of these cells rather undergo degeneration, and then are lost. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TC changes in the skin of bleomycin-treated mice mimic very closely those observed in human SSc skin, which makes this experimental model a suitable tool to (i) unravel the pathological mechanisms underlying TC damage and (ii) clarify the possible contribution of the TC loss to the development/progression of dermal fibrosis. In perspective, these findings may have important implications in the field of skin regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
There are several theories explaining the communication between cells in the context of tumor development. Over the years, interactions between normal and transformed cells have been observed. Generally, all types of cells make equal contributions to the formation of the tumor microenvironment - a location of primary oncogenesis. To date, several studies have reported the role of telocytes in cancer development, and many publications have emphasized the direct and indirect involvement of telocytes in angiogenesis; signaling through the secretion of extracellular vesicles, growth factors, and bioactive molecules; fibrosis development and extracellular matrix production; tissue repair and regeneration; and immune responses. Considering the main components of the tumor microenvironment, we will discuss the features of telocytes and their possible involvement in local tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Hiroshige T, Uemura KI, Hirashima S, Hino K, Togo A, Ohta K, Igawa T, Nakamura KI. Morphological analysis of interstitial cells in murine epididymis using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151761. [PMID: 34298316 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction of the epididymis plays an important role in sperm transport. Although PDGFRα-positive interstitial cells (PDGFRα (+) ICs) are thought to be involved in controlling smooth muscle movement via intercellular signaling, they have not yet been reported to date in the epididymis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of PDGFRα (+) ICs in the interstitial space of the murine epididymis. Immunohistochemistry showed that PDGFRα (+) ICs co-labeled with CD34 (PDGFRα (+) CD34 (+) ICs were distributed in the interstitial space of the murine epididymis from the initial segment (IS) to the cauda of the epididymis. PDGFRα (+) ICs that were not co-labeled with CD34 (PDGFRα (+) CD34 (-) ICs) were observed just beneath the epithelium from the corpus to the cauda but not in the IS. Both types of PDGFRα (+) ICs were in close proximity to each other as well as the surrounding nerves and macrophages. In addition, PDGFRα (+) CD34 (-) ICs beneath the epithelium were also in close proximity to the basal cells. Using transmission electron microscopy, we identified ICs that possessed elongated and woven cellular processes and were in close proximity to each other, surrounding the cells in the interstitial space. In the murine epididymis, it is suggested that there are two subtypes of ICs that show different distribution patterns depending on the segment, which may reflect segmental differences in mechanisms of sperm transport, forming a cellular network by physical interactions in the murine epididymis.
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Aleksandrovych V, Wrona A, Bereza T, Pityński K, Gil K. Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081060. [PMID: 34440264 PMCID: PMC8391874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubal factor infertility occurs in 30–35% of infertile pairs and may be caused by impaired muscular contractility and ciliary beating as well as immunological imbalance and chronic inflammation. Newly discovered telocytes (TCs) have a wide palette of features, which play a role in oviduct physiology. We have observed tissue samples from human fallopian tubes in patients with and without uterine myoma by immunolabelling. According to the immunohistochemical co-expression of markers, it has been determined that TCs are engaged in a wide range of physiological processes, including local innervation, sensitivity to hypoxia, regulation of calcium, and sex steroid hormones balances. Due to the proximity of NOS- and ChAT-positive nerve fibers and the expression of ion channels markers, tubal TCs might be considered conductor cells. Additionally, their integration in contractions and cilia physiology in the context of fertility has been revealed. We have observed the difference in telocytes expression in the human oviduct between groups of patients and attempted to describe this population of cells specifically in the case of infertility development, a clinically relevant avenue for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Wrona
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward with Gynecologic Oncology Subdivision, J.Śniadecki’s Specialistic Hospital, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Pityński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The current study investigated role of telocytes (TCs) in angiogenesis during embryonic development of quail using immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The angiogenic apparatus consisted of TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. TCs were identified morphologically by their telopodes and podoms using TEM and SEM and immunohistochemically using CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TCs also expressed CD68. TCs formed a three-dimensional network and established direct contact with blood vessels, sprouting endothelial cells, and active macrophages, while exerting their effect through paracrine signaling. VEGF was also expressed by endothelial cells and macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) was expressed by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. In conclusion, the expression of VEGF by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is required for the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and vascular growth. The expression of MMP-9 by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is essential for the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during neoangiogenesis. Macrophages may facilitate phagocytosis and elimination of the degraded ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Huang YL, Zhang FL, Tang XL, Yang XJ. Telocytes Enhances M1 Differentiation and Phagocytosis While Inhibits Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Via Activation of NF-κB in Macrophages. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211002762. [PMID: 33787355 PMCID: PMC8020100 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), which are a recently discovered interstitial cell type present in various organs and tissues, perform multiple biological functions and participate in extensive crosstalk with neighboring cells. Endometriosis (EMs) is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of viable endometrial debris and impaired macrophage phagocytosis in the peritoneal environment. Here, CD34/vimentin-positive TCs were co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells in vitro. M1/M2 differentiation-related markers were detected; phagocytosis, energy metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, and pathway mechanisms were studied; and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured. Furthermore, in an EMs mouse model, the differentiation of macrophages in response to treatment with TC-conditioned medium (TCM) in vivo was studied. The results showed that upon in vitro co-culture with TCM, RAW264.7 cells differentiated more toward the M1 phenotype with enhancement of phagocytosis, increase in energy metabolism and proliferation owing to reduced the loss of ΔΨm, and suppression of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Further, along with the activation of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase9, and cleaved-caspase3 reduced in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the M1 subtype was found to be the dominant phenotype among tissue and peritoneal macrophages in the EMs model subjected to in vivo TCM treatment. In conclusion, TCs enhanced M1 differentiation and phagocytosis while inhibiting apoptosis via the activation of NF-κB in macrophages, which potentially inhibited the onset of EMs. Our findings provide a potential research target and the scope for developing a promising therapeutic strategy for EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Ling Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Farooq S, Qayum A, Nalli Y, Lauro G, Chini MG, Bifulco G, Chaubey A, Singh SK, Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S, Ali A. Discovery of a Secalonic Acid Derivative from Aspergillus aculeatus, an Endophyte of Rosa damascena Mill., Triggers Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS Omega 2020; 5:24296-24310. [PMID: 33015446 PMCID: PMC7528173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new secalonic acid derivative, F-7 (1), was isolated from the endophytic Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102, associated with Rosa damascena. The planar structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-TOF-MS spectra. The relative configuration of 1 was determined applying a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach and, afterward, the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra determined the assignment of its absolute configuration. The compound possesses strong cytotoxic activity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. It was found to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 1 induced mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis, arresting the G1 phase of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the compound causes significant microtubule disruption in TNBC cells. Subsequently, 1 restricted the cell migration leading to the concomitant increase in expression of cleaved caspase and PARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Farooq
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190 005, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Isernia I-86090, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Asha Chaubey
- Fermentation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shashank K. Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- . Phone: +91-11-47011291, +91-11-2569222
| | - Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190 005, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- ,
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20
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Sanches BDA, Maldarine JDS, Tamarindo GH, Da Silva ADT, Lima MLD, Rahal P, Góes RM, Taboga SR, Carvalho HF. Explant culture: A relevant tool for the study of telocytes. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2395-2408. [PMID: 32813303 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes are cells present in the stroma of various tissues including the prostate. The detection of telocytes is still very much dependent on obtaining ultrastructural data that show the presence of telopodes, which are cytoplasmic projections that alternate between dilated regions, the podoms, and thin segments, the podomers. These structures are the distinctive characteristics of the telocytes. Thus, in vitro assays are important for the study of telocytes, which are more easily identified in culture, which also enables the experimental manipulation of these cells. The isolation of telocytes per se does not allow the analysis of the behavior of these cells in relation to other cell types in a given organ. In this sense, in the prostate, explants could be a useful tool for the study of telocytes. The present study obtained prostatic explants and evaluated the influence of recombinant proteins, scattering factor (SCF) and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which could impact on the migration of CD34-positive cells. Telocytes migrate out of explants and SDF-1 stimulates the proliferation and formation of telocyte networks in vitro. Telocytes are not smooth muscle cell progenitors in the prostate; on the contrary, they are CD90- and CD44-negative cells and, hence, have limited progenitor capacity. The present study demonstrated that explants are useful tools to elucidate the nature of telocytes and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana D S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Tamarindo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana D T Da Silva
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L D Lima
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Soliman SA. Morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of TCs in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp and their potential role in intestinal immunity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14039. [PMID: 32820212 PMCID: PMC7441181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated telocytes (TCs) in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp using light microscopy (LM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By LM, TCs were distinguished by the typical morphological features that had a cell body and telopodes using HE, toluidine blue, methylene blue, Marsland silver stain, Grimelius's silver nitrate, Giemsa, PAS, combined AB pH2,5/PAS, Crossmon's and Mallory triple trichrome, Van Gieson stains, Verhoeff's stain, Sudan black, osmic acid, performic acid with methylene blue and bromophenol blue. TCs were identified under the epithelium as an individual cell or formed a TCs sheath. They detected in the lamina propria, between muscle fibers, around the myenteric plexus and fibrous tissue. TCs acquired immunological features of endocrine cells that exhibited high affinity for silver stain, performic acid with methylene blue, Marsland stain, and immunohistochemical staining using chromogranin A. Sub epithelial TCs were closely related to the endocrine cells. TCs and their secretory activities were recognized using acridine orange. TCs were identified by IHC using CD34, CD117, S100-protein, desmin. TCs formed a3D network that established contact with macrophage, mast cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, smooth muscle fibers, fibroblast, Schwann cells and nerve fibers. In conclusion, the localization of TCs in relation to different types of immune cells indicated their potential role in the maintenance of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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22
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Romano E, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Lucattelli E, Innocenti M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. A Two-Step Immunomagnetic Microbead-Based Method for the Isolation of Human Primary Skin Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165877. [PMID: 32824287 PMCID: PMC7461544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), commonly referred to as TCs/CD34+ stromal cells, are a peculiar type of interstitial cells with distinctive morphologic traits that are supposed to exert several biological functions, including tissue homeostasis regulation, cell-to-cell signaling, immune surveillance, and reparative/regenerative effects. At present, the majority of studies investigating these cells are mainly descriptive and focus only on their morphology, with a consequent paucity of functional data. To gain relevant insight into the possible functions of TCs, in vitro analyses are clearly required, but currently, the protocols for TC isolation are only at the early stages and not fully standardized. In the present in vitro study, we describe a novel methodology for the purification of human primary skin TCs through a two-step immunomagnetic microbead-based cell separation (i.e., negative selection for CD31 followed by positive selection for CD34) capable of discriminating these cells from other connective tissue-resident cells on the basis of their different immunophenotypic features. Our experiments clearly demonstrated that the proposed method allows a selective purification of cells exhibiting the peculiar TC morphology. Isolated TCs displayed very long cytoplasmic extensions with a moniliform silhouette (telopodes) and presented an immunophenotypic profile (CD31−/CD34+/PDGFRα+/vimentin+) that unequivocally differentiates them from endothelial cells (CD31+/CD34+/PDGFRα−/vimentin+) and fibroblasts (CD31−/CD34−/PDGFRα+/vimentin+). This novel methodology for the isolation of TCs lays the groundwork for further research aimed at elucidating their functional properties and possible translational applications, especially in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Elena Lucattelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758077
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Zhang FL, Huang YL, Zhou XY, Tang XL, Yang XJ. Telocytes enhanced in vitro decidualization and mesenchymal-epithelial transition in endometrial stromal cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4384-4396. [PMID: 32913513 PMCID: PMC7476159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is essential for preparing endometrium for embryo implantation. Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cell, exist in the female reproductive tract and participate in the pathophysiology of diseases. This study further investigates the hypothesis that TCs, a source of Wnt, modulates decidualization and MET in ESCs. We had observed differential expression of Wnt ligands in primary mice ESCs and TCs by qPCR. TCM-induced decidualization and MET was assessed in ESCs. Changes in markers for decidualization (cyclin-D3, desmin, d/tPRP), stromal cells (N-cadherin), epithelial cells (E-cadherin), and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (β-catenin, FOXO1) were quantified by western blot and RT-PCR. β-catenin knockdown in ESCs decreased the degree of TCM-induced decidualization and MET, with significantly reversed expression profiles (P < 0.05). This is the first study to show that TCs can enhance decidualization and MET in ESCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-pathway. Therefore, we describe a promising cell therapy for gynecological conditions and related reproductive problems associated with defective decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue-Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ye Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Ling Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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24
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, Gayoso S, Gutiérrez E, Díaz-Flores L Jr, Carrasco JL. Telocytes in the Normal and Pathological Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4320. [PMID: 32560571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied telocytes/CD34+ stromal cells in the normal and pathological peripheral nervous system (PNS), for which we reviewed the literature and contributed our observations under light and electron microscopy in this field. We consider the following aspects: (A) general characteristics of telocytes and the terminology used for these cells (e.g., endoneurial stromal cells) in PNS; (B) the presence, characteristics and arrangement of telocytes in the normal PNS, including (i) nerve epi-perineurium and endoneurium (e.g., telopodes extending into the endoneurial space); (ii) sensory nerve endings (e.g., Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles, and neuromuscular spindles); (iii) ganglia; and (iv) the intestinal autonomic nervous system; (C) the telocytes in the pathologic PNS, encompassing (i) hyperplastic neurogenic processes (neurogenic hyperplasia of the appendix and gallbladder), highly demonstrative of telocyte characteristics and relations, (ii) PNS tumours, such as neurofibroma, schwannoma, granular cell tumour and nerve sheath myxoma, and interstitial cell of Cajal-related gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), (iii) tumour-invaded nerves and (iv) traumatic, metabolic, degenerative or genetic neuropathies, in which there are fewer studies on telocytes, e.g., neuroinflammation and nerves in undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), Klinefelter syndrome, crush injury, mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter’s syndrome) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease.
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25
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Sukhacheva TV, Nizyaeva NV, Samsonova MV, Chernyaev AL, Shchegolev AI, Serov RA. Telocytes in the Myocardium of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Tetralogy of Fallot. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:137-146. [PMID: 32488790 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes, a new type of interstitial stem cells with long thin processes that form a three-dimensional network around cardiomyocytes, vessels, and nerve fibers were described in the myocardium of children with tetralogy of Fallot. Two types of morphologically different telocytes, spindle-shaped and rounded, were identified. Contacts of telocytes with stem cells and interstitial macrophages were found. Telocytes were more common in the immature myocardium, where the assembly of myofibrils in cardiomyocytes was not completed and small Ki-67+ cardiomyocyte progenitor cells were present. Telocytes expressed immunohistochemical markers CD117, vimentin, CD34, and CD44. Localization and ultrastructural characteristics of telocytes suggested their participation in stem cell differentiation, coordination of neoangiogenesis, and paracrine regulation of all components of the interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Sukhacheva
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N V Nizyaeva
- V. I. Kulakov National Research Medical Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Samsonova
- Research Institute of Pulmonology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Chernyaev
- Research Institute of Pulmonology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Shchegolev
- V. I. Kulakov National Research Medical Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Serov
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
The spleen is considered a key player in birds' immunity. The stroma and the parenchyma of the spleen of the adult quail were demonstrated histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. A thin capsule and the absence of trabeculae were the most characteristics of spleen stroma. The demarcation between white pulp and red pulp was not observed in the quail. White pulp formed from the periarterial lymphatic sheath and the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath, both of which were surrounded by arteriole and ellipsoid, respectively. Ellipsoids appeared more numerous and were characterized by cuboidal lining of the epithelium and supporting cells. Red pulp consisted of sinuses and cords. White pulp and red pulp of the quail spleen contained various cells, such as red blood cells, macrophages, heterophils with characteristic granules, lymphocytes of different sizes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and telocytes. In addition, closed circulation and open circulation established the blood flow on the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sara M M El-Desoky
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Rosa I, Taverna C, Novelli L, Marini M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M. Telocytes constitute a widespread interstitial meshwork in the lamina propria and underlying striated muscle of human tongue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5858. [PMID: 30971762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes have recently emerged as unique interstitial cells defined by their extremely long, thin and moniliform prolongations termed telopodes. Despite growing evidence that these cells consistently reside in the stromal compartment of various organs from human beings, studies dealing with telocytes in structures of the oral cavity are scarce. Hence, the present morphologic study was undertaken to explore for the first time the presence and specific localization of telocytes within tissues of the normal human tongue, a complex muscular organ whose main functions include taste, speech, and food manipulation in the oral cavity. Telocytes were initially identified by CD34 immunostaining and confirmed by CD34/PDGFRα double immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. CD34+/PDGFRα+ telocytes were organized in interstitial meshworks either in the tongue lamina propria or in the underlying striated muscle. Lingual telocytes were immunonegative for CD31, c-kit and α-SMA. Telopodes were finely distributed throughout the stromal space and concentrated beneath the lingual epithelium and around CD31+ vessels, skeletal muscle bundles/fibers, and intramuscular nerves and ganglia. They also enveloped salivary gland units outside the α-SMA+ myoepithelial cells and delimited lymphoid aggregates. These findings establish telocytes as a previously overlooked interstitial cell population worth investigating further in the setting of human tongue pathophysiology.
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28
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Abdel-Maksoud FM, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Soliman SA. Morphological changes of telocytes in camel efferent ductules in response to seasonal variations during the reproductive cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4507. [PMID: 30872789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct stromal cell type described in many organs. The present study investigated the existence of TCs within the efferent ductules in camel and the changes that occur in their morphology and activity during active and inactive reproductive seasons. TCs in the camel had a cell body and multiple telopodes (TPs), and most TCs had indented nuclei that exhibited prominent intranucleolar chromatin. TCs exhibited seasonal differences which were evaluated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Transimition electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of TCs in camel efferent ductules has been confirmed by CD34 positive immunostaing. In addition to the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which was stronger in the summer season. TCs exhibited stronger immunoreactivity for progesterone and oestrogen alpha receptors (ESR1) in the spring than in the summer. In addition, TCs showed strong positive immunostaining for both vimentin and androgen receptor (AR). Several ultrastructural changes were observed in TCs during the two seasons. TPs in the summer season had delicate ramifications whereas, in the spring, TPs displayed fine arborization and became more corrugated. TCs acquired signs of exaggerated secretory activities in the spring; TPs became expanded and packed with secretory vesicles. Thus, we conclude that, hormonal alterations during the reproductive cycle impact the morphology and secretory behavior of TCs.
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Varga I, Polák Š, Kyselovič J, Kachlík D, Danišovič Ľ, Klein M. Recently Discovered Interstitial Cell Population of Telocytes: Distinguishing Facts from Fiction Regarding Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Diverse Diseases Called "Telocytopathies". Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:E56. [PMID: 30781716 PMCID: PMC6410178 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the interstitial cells telocytes, formerly known as interstitial Cajal-like cells, have been described in almost all organs of the human body. Although telocytes were previously thought to be localized predominantly in the organs of the digestive system, as of 2018 they have also been described in the lymphoid tissue, skin, respiratory system, urinary system, meninges and the organs of the male and female genital tracts. Since the time of eminent German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, we have known that many pathological processes originate directly from cellular changes. Even though telocytes are not widely accepted by all scientists as an individual and morphologically and functionally distinct cell population, several articles regarding telocytes have already been published in such prestigious journals as Nature and Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. The telocyte diversity extends beyond their morphology and functions, as they have a potential role in the etiopathogenesis of different diseases. The most commonly described telocyte-associated diseases (which may be best termed "telocytopathies" in the future) are summarized in this critical review. It is difficult to imagine that a single cell population could be involved in the pathogenesis of such a wide spectrum of pathological conditions as extragastrointestinal stromal tumors ("telocytomas"), liver fibrosis, preeclampsia during pregnancy, tubal infertility, heart failure and psoriasis. In any case, future functional studies of telocytes in vivo will help to understand the mechanism by which telocytes contribute to tissue homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Štefan Polák
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Kyselovič
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - David Kachlík
- Institute of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ľuboš Danišovič
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Tang XL, Zhang FL, Jiang XJ, Yang XJ. Telocytes enhanced the proliferation, adhesion and motility of endometrial stromal cells as mediated by the ERK pathway in vitro. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:572-585. [PMID: 30899363 PMCID: PMC6413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) is special interstitial cell that have recently been identified in the female reproductive system. Endometriosis (EMs) is a benign gynecological disease whose etiology is still not fully clear. Implantation and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) out of the uterus are essential processes in the development of EMs. Herein, we investigate the in vitro changes of ESCs when cocultured with TCs, and the potential mechanisms involved. The current results demonstrated that, vimentin-positive/pan cytokeratin-negative ESCs, and TCs with a characteristic structure and immunophenotype (CD34/vimentin double-positive) were successfully isolated and harvested. Morphologically, direct cell-to-cell contacts were observed between TCs and ESCs. Quantitatively, TCs treatment clearly promotes the viability of ESCs, enhances cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and upregulates p-ERK1/2 and cyclin-D3 (all P < 0.05). Functionally, ESCs educated by TCs displayed significantly enhanced adhesion ability and accelerated invasion and migration capacity (all P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the rate of apoptosis and in the expression of AKT signaling pathway proteins in TCs-educated ESCs (both P > 0.05). Therefore, TCs treatment obviously enhanced the in vitro motile and invasive capacity of ESCs, which were mediated by the ERK-cyclin-D3 signaling pathway, likely through direct intercellular contacts and/or juxta-paracrine effects; signaling through this axis therefore increased the likelihood of EMs. The enhanced functions of TCs-educated ESCs not only contribute to a deeper understanding of TCs, but also highlight a new concept regarding the physiopathology and therapy of EMs and associated impaired reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Zhu M, Zhang T, Liu N, Wang B, Qi Z, Peng T, Su J, Meng B, Gao E, Jia Z. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and anticancer ability of a Yb (III) complex constructed by 1,4-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)terephthalic acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019; 100:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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