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McIntosh MC, Ruple BA, Kontos NJ, Mattingly ML, Lockwood CM, Roberts MD. The effects of a sugar-free amino acid-containing electrolyte beverage on 5-kilometer performance, blood electrolytes, and post-exercise cramping versus a conventional carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage and water. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2296888. [PMID: 38131124 PMCID: PMC10763896 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2296888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient, low calorie dietary supplement (MIDS, XTEND® Healthy Hydration) on 5-kilometer (5-km) time trial performance and blood electrolyte concentrations compared to a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CE, GATORADE® Thirst Quencher) and distilled water (W). METHODS During visit 1 (V1), participants (10 men and 10 women, 20-35 years old, BMI ≤ 29 kg/m2, recreationally active) reported to the laboratory whereby the following tests were performed: i) height and weight measurements, ii) body composition analysis, iii) treadmill testing to measure maximal aerobic capacity, and iv) 5-km time trial familiarization. The second visit (V2) was one week after V1 in the morning (0600 - 0900) and participants arrived 12-14 h fasted (no food or drink). The first battery of assessments (V2-T1) included nude body mass, urine specific gravity (USG), a profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, and the completion of a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire to quantify cramping. Then heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), total body hydration (via bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy [BIS]) were examined. Finally, a measurement of blood markers via finger stick was performed. Participants consumed a randomized beverage (16 fl. oz. of MIDS, 16 fl. oz. of W, or 16 fl. oz. of CE) within 3 min followed by a 45-min rest. Following the rest period, a second battery (V2-T2) was performed whereby participants' USG was assessed and they completed the POMS and VAS questionnaires, and HR, BP, and blood markers were measured. The participants then performed a 5-km treadmill time trial. Immediately following the 5-km time trial, participants completed a third testing battery (V2-T3) that began with blood markers, HR and BP assessments, followed by nude body weight assessment, and the POMS and VAS questionnaires. After 60 min, a fourth battery (V2-T4) was performed that included HR, BP, and blood markers. After sitting quietly for another 60 min a fifth battery assessment was performed (V2-T5) that included participants' USG, POMS and VAS questionnaires, HR, BP, blood markers, and total body hydration. Visits 3 (V3) and 4 (V4) followed the same protocol except a different randomized drink (16 oz. of CE, MIDS, or W) was consumed; all of which were separated by approximately one week. RESULTS No differences occurred between conditions for 5-km time trial completion, indirect calorimetry outcomes during 5-km time trials, USG, or nude mass measurements (p > 0.05 for all relevant statistical tests). However, blood potassium and the sodium/potassium ratio displayed significant interactions (p < 0.05), and post hoc testing indicated these values were better maintained in the MIDS versus other conditions. Post-exercise cramp prevalence was greater in the CE (p < 0.05) and trended higher with W (p = 0.083) compared to the MIDS condition. Post-exercise cramp severity was also elevated with the W and CE beverages (p < 0.05) but not the MIDS (p = 0.211). CONCLUSIONS The MIDS did not affect 5-km time trial performance but exhibited favorable effects on blood electrolyte and post-exercise self-reporting cramp outcomes compared to the CE and W drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C. McIntosh
- Nutrabolt Applied and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Bradley A. Ruple
- Nutrabolt Applied and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kontos
- Nutrabolt Applied and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Madison L. Mattingly
- Nutrabolt Applied and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Michael D. Roberts
- Nutrabolt Applied and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA
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Otte CJ, Mantzioris E, Salagaras BS, Hill AM. Seasonal health tracking of Australian Football League Women's athletes. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:103-111. [PMID: 36744433 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating the dietary intake of Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) athletes are few and limited to the preseason. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate seasonal changes in dietary intake and health parameters of professional AFLW athletes. METHODOLOGY Dietary intake (3-day weighed food records), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis, skinfolds), physical performance (global positioning system, GPS), and iron status (fasted blood sample) were assessed in 19 athletes (24 ± 5 years, 170 ± 6 cm, 22.8 ± 2.1 kg/m2) at three timepoints: start of preseason, end of preseason, and end of competition season. Sociodemographic information, sports nutrition knowledge (SNK), and risk of low energy availability (LEA) questionnaires were completed at the start of preseason. RESULTS Mean daily energy and carbohydrate (CHO) intakes were lower than recommendations across all seasons (p < 0.05). Mean daily CHO intake was highest at start of preseason (3.6 g/kg/day), decreased during preseason (3.1 g/day) and remained low during competition (3.2 g/day); >80% of players did not meet minimum recommendations at each timepoint (all, p < 0.05). The sum of seven skinfolds and fat mass (%) decreased during preseason (both, p < 0.05). Serum iron fell within recommended ranges for 95% of athletes at all timepoints. The total distance (m) and number of Very High Intensity (>21 km/h) efforts significantly increased across preseason and decreased during competition (all, p < 0.05). Nutrition knowledge was 'poor', and 42% of athletes were at risk of LEA. CONCLUSIONS AFLW athletes do not meet energy and carbohydrate requirements across the preseason and competition seasons, which may impact health and performance if deficits are sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Otte
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brianna S Salagaras
- Football Department, Adelaide Football Club, West Lakes, Australia
- Performance Health, Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre, Nathan, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Collins BEG, Kingsley M, Gordon BA, Zadow EK, Wundersitz DWT. Coagulation activity and thrombotic risk following high-volume endurance exercise in recreationally active cyclists. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1284-1290. [PMID: 38572538 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00824.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the prognostic effect of physical activity, acute bouts of high-volume endurance exercise can induce cardiac stress and postexercise hypercoagulation associated with increased thrombotic risk. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of high-volume endurance exercise on coagulation and thrombotic activity in recreational cyclists. Thirty-four recreational cyclists completed 4.8 ± 0.3 h of cycling at 45 ± 5% of maximal power output on a bicycle ergometer. Intravenous blood samples were collected preexercise, immediately postexercise, 24 and 48 h postexercise, and analyzed for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin (cTn), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and TF-to-TFPI ratio (TF:TFPI). An increase in cTn was observed postexercise (P < 0.001). CRP concentrations were increased at 24 and 48 h postexercise compared with preexercise concentrations (P ≤ 0.001). TF was elevated at 24 h postexercise (P < 0.031) and TFPI was higher immediately postexercise (P < 0.044) compared with all other time points. TF:TFPI was increased at 24 and 48 h postexercise compared with preexercise (P < 0.025). TAT complex was reduced at 48 h postexercise compared with preexercise (P = 0.015), D-dimer was higher immediately postexercise compared with all other time points (P ≤ 0.013). No significant differences were observed in BNP (P > 0.05). High-volume endurance cycling induced markers of cardiac stress among recreational cyclists. However, plasma coagulation and fibrinolytic activity suggest no increase in thrombotic risk after high-volume endurance exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, a high-volume endurance exercise protocol induced markers of cardiac stress and altered plasma coagulation and fibrinolytic activity for up to 48 h in recreationally active cyclists. However, analysis of coagulation biomarkers indicates no increase in thrombotic risk when appropriate hydration and rest protocols are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E G Collins
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Kingsley
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brett A Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma K Zadow
- School of Health Science, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Daniel W T Wundersitz
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Staśkiewicz-Bartecka W, Kardas M, Zydek G, Zając A, Chycki J. Changes in Body Composition and Nutritional Periodization during the Training Macrocycle in Football-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1332. [PMID: 38732581 PMCID: PMC11085159 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition periodization in football training is an important determinant of adaptation to cyclic training loads. Personalizing an athlete's diet is crucial to ensure optimal performance and body composition, depending on the phase of training. The purpose of this review is to answer the question of how the body composition of football players changes over the training macrocycle and how dietary recommendations should be tailored to specific training periods. The review of scientific evidence was conducted based on the available literature, typing in phrases related to training and nutrition periodization using the PubMed and Google Scholar database methodology tools. A literature search resulted in the selection of 346 sources directly related to the topic of the study, and then those with the highest scientific value were selected. There is a need to adjust energy and nutrient intake according to the different training phases in a football player's preparation cycle. During the preparatory phase, it is recommended to increase protein and energy intake to support anabolic processes and muscle mass development. During the competitive period, due to the intensity of matches and training, the importance of carbohydrates for glycogen replenishment and recovery is emphasized. The transition phase requires the regulation of caloric intake to prevent adverse changes in body composition. Hydration has been identified as a key element in each phase of training. Cooperation between coaches, nutritionists, and players is essential to optimize sports performance and rapid recovery, and the authors recommend continuous adaptation and nutritional optimization as an integral part of football training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka
- Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Marek Kardas
- Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Zydek
- Department of Sport Nutrition, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Adam Zając
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jakub Chycki
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.C.)
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Huerta Ojeda Á, Jofré-Saldía E, Torres-Banduc M, Galdames Maliqueo S, Barahona-Fuentes G, Cofré Acevedo C, Lizana Romero G, de Villa Garduño R, Riquelme Vera G, Vera Paredes P, Ávalos BB, Serey TM, Yeomans-Cabrera MM, Jorquera-Aguilera C. Effects of a Low Dose of Orally Administered Creatine Monohydrate on Post-Fatigue Muscle Power in Young Soccer Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:1324. [PMID: 38732571 PMCID: PMC11085131 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of creatine monohydrate (Cr) in professional soccer is widely documented. However, the effect of low doses of Cr on the physical performance of young soccer players is unknown. This study determined the effect of a low dose of orally administered Cr on muscle power after acute intra-session fatigue in young soccer players. Twenty-eight young soccer players (mean age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years) were randomly assigned to either a Cr (n = 14, 0.3 g·kg-1·day-1 for 14 days) or placebo group (n = 14), using a two-group matched, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Before and after supplementation, participants performed 21 repetitions of 30 m (fatigue induction), and then, to measure muscle power, they performed four repetitions in half back squat (HBS) at 65% of 1RM. Statistical analysis included a two-factor ANOVA (p ˂ 0.05). Bar velocity at HBS, time: p = 0.0006, ŋp2 = 0.22; group: p = 0.0431, ŋp2 = 0.12, time × group p = 0.0744, ŋp2 = 0.02. Power at HBS, time: p = 0.0006, ŋp2 = 0.12; group: p = 0.16, ŋp2 = 0.06, time × group: p = 0.17, ŋp2 = 0.009. At the end of the study, it was found that, after the induction of acute intra-session fatigue, a low dose of Cr administered orally increases muscle power in young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Emilio Jofré-Saldía
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Maximiliano Torres-Banduc
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Sergio Galdames Maliqueo
- Facultad Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Carlos Cofré Acevedo
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Gabriela Lizana Romero
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Regina de Villa Garduño
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Gerardo Riquelme Vera
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Pablo Vera Paredes
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Benjamín Barrios Ávalos
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Tatiane Morales Serey
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile; (M.T.-B.); (G.B.-F.); (C.C.A.); (G.L.R.); (R.d.V.G.); (G.R.V.); (P.V.P.); (B.B.Á.); (T.M.S.)
| | | | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
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Modena A, Casiraghi MC, Erba D. Dietary intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in semi-professional female soccer players: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378365. [PMID: 38706566 PMCID: PMC11066240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate energy and nutrient intakes in athletes contribute to optimal performance and recovery, decrease the risk of injury, and help preserve athletes' health. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered suitable for covering the nutritional needs of athletes, while contributing to improve eating habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the energy and nutrient intakes of semi-professional female soccer players and their adherence to the MD, during the competitive season. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on twenty-three female soccer players, who were invited to fill in a 3-day food diary twice, one month apart, to assess their energy and nutrient intakes and a validated questionnaire (MEDI-LITE) to evaluate their adherence to MD. Exercise energy expenditure during three training and match-play days was monitored by GPS. Results On average, the participants consumed 1,981 kcal/day, with 44% of their energy deriving from carbohydrates, 21% from protein, and 34% from fat; the mean MD adherence score was 10.1 ± 1.8, corresponding to a good MD adherence. A substantial percentage of athletes were at risk of insufficient nutrient intakes for vitamin D (100%), iodine (87%), potassium (87%), vitamin E (39%), iron and zinc (17 and 30%, respectively). Conclusion The evaluation of the dietary intake in female soccer players showed energy deficiency in relation to training level, mainly due to the insufficient intake of carbohydrates, and micronutrient deficiencies. The technical staff should promote adequate consumption of starchy foods in female athletes and emphasize the importance of a proper distribution of energy intake among different eating occasions, including snacks. Periodic monitoring of the nutritional status of micronutrients (vitamin D and some minerals) could help reduce deficiency risk. Over all, nutrition education to improve eating habits of athletes seems worthy of attention, in order to preserve athletes' health and performance.
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Tao Y, Wu W. Research hotspots and trends in the relationship between sport and nutrition: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37782. [PMID: 38640278 PMCID: PMC11029929 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to summarize the research development and hot points in on the connection between sport and nutrition overall through bibliometric analysis. We collected the publications in the last 10 years (2013-2023) related to between sport and nutrition in the Web of Science database, and applied Citespace to assess the knowledge mapping. The results showed as follows that the number of manuscripts about sport and nutrition totaled 10,016, with a faster increase after 2019. The country, institution, and author with the most publications are the USA, University of California System, Burke, Louise M. In addition, the most co-cited reference is Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2016) (199). Based on a 10-year bibliometric investigation, we know the USA, the University of California System has become one of this discipline's major research forces. Research on sport and nutrition benefits from the best partnerships between industrialized nations and prominent universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Dean of China Athletics College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Jang YJ, Choi HS, Oh I, Chung JH, Moon JS. Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ID-D01 Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10257-9. [PMID: 38635106 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota composition in animals and humans has recently been found to be influenced by exercise. Although Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains have notable probiotic properties that promote human health, understanding of its effects in combination with exercise and physical activity is limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of L. reuteri ID-D01, a human-derived probiotic, on exercise performance and fatigue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Organ weight, maximal running distance, serum biochemistry, muscle performance, microbial community composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were assessed. Results indicated that ID-D01 supplementation significantly improved endurance performance. Rats in the probiotic group demonstrated a significant increase in maximal running distance compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, levels of fatigue markers, such as lactate and creatine phosphokinase, were significantly reduced in the ID-D01-administered groups, suggesting its potential to alleviate exercise-induced fatigue. Microbiome analysis revealed a distinct shift in gut microbiota composition in response to ID-D01 administration. The group that received ID-D01 probiotics exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, particularly Akkermansia spp., compared with that in the control groups. Furthermore, they showed elevated production of SCFAs, such as acetate and butyrate. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ID-D01 can enhance exercise performance and reduce fatigue. Herein, we highlighted that human-derived probiotics could improve physical performance, as observed by changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Jang
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Choi
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikhoon Oh
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Seok Moon
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea.
- Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06752, Republic of Korea.
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Rocha JNDS, Pereira-Monteiro MR, Vasconcelos ABS, Pantoja-Cardoso A, Aragão-Santos JC, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Different resistance training volumes on strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105303. [PMID: 38128241 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes several changes in the body, reducing strength and muscle mass, which leads to a decline in function. Resistance training (RT) is used to counteract these changes. However, there is still ongoing debate about the optimal volume of RT in the context of aging. We systematically reviewed articles that assessed the impact of different volumes of RT on muscular strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords related to the older population and various RT volumes. We performed meta-analyses for each outcome separately using intervention time in weeks for subgroup analyses. We employed random effects models for all meta-analyses and expressed the results as standardized mean differences (Hedges' g). We included 31 studies, encompassing a total of 1.744 participants. The sample size ranged from 18 to 376, with an average size of 56 participants. Participants' ages ranged from 60 to 83 years. On average, HV-RT (High-Volume Resistance Training) induced significant adaptations in muscle strength of the upper limbs (g = 0.36; 95 % CI = 0.11-0.61) and lower limbs (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59), with superiority more pronounced after 12 weeks of training. Regarding functional fitness, there was a tendency favoring HV-RT (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59). Thus, HV-RT outperforms LV-RT (Low-Volume Resistance Training) in enhancing muscle strength, particularly in longer interventions with independent older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Pantoja-Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
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10
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Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza A, Cacicedo J, Castañeda-Babarro A. Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Patients With Breast Cancer (CaRTiC Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:161-168. [PMID: 38018533 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine supplementation is an effective ergogenic nutrient for athletes, as well as for people starting a health or fitness program. Resistance training has previously been identified as an important method of increasing muscle mass and strength, especially in people with cancer to avoid sarcopenia. The potential of creatine supplementation for adaptations produced by resistance training in patients with cancer is still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a supervised resistance training program intervention with and without creatine supplementation in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Is a multicentre, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be randomly assigned to a control group and 2 experimental groups. The first training resistance group (RG) will perform resistance training, while the second experimental resistance-creatine group will perform the same resistance training as the RG and will also receive a 5 g/d creatine supplementation during the intervention. RG participants will follow the same daily dosing protocol, but in their case, with dextrose/maltodextrin. Resistance training will be a 16-week supervised workout that will consist of a series of resistance exercises (leg press, knee extension, knee bends, chest press, sit-ups, back extensions, pull-ups, and shoulder press) that involve the largest muscle groups, performed 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days. Both the RG and the resistance-creatine group will receive a supplement of soluble protein powder (20 to 30 g) daily. CONCLUSION This intervention will help to better understand the potential of nonpharmacological treatment for improving strength and well-being values in patients with breast cancer with and without creatine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Cacicedo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Group for Radiology and Physical Medicine in Oncology, Cruces University Hospital/Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Jędrejko M, Jędrejko K, Gómez-Renaud VM, Kała K, Muszyńska B. Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3650. [PMID: 38612462 PMCID: PMC11012081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in the level of nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in regulating the human cardiovascular system (lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow), glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and may help enhance exercise capacity in healthy individuals (including athletes). This molecule is formed by endogenous enzymatic synthesis and the intake of inorganic nitrate (NO3-) from dietary sources. Although one of the most well-known natural sources of NO3- in the daily diet is beetroot (Beta vulgaris), this review also explores other plant sources of NO3- with comparable concentrations that could serve as ergogenic aids, supporting exercise performance or recovery in healthy individuals. The results of the analysis demonstrate that red spinach (Amaranthus spp.) and green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) are alternative natural sources rich in dietary NO3-. The outcomes of the collected studies showed that consumption of selected alternative sources of inorganic NO3- could support physical condition. Red spinach and green spinach have been shown to improve exercise performance or accelerate recovery after physical exertion in healthy subjects (including athletes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jędrejko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland (K.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Karol Jędrejko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland (K.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Víctor M. Gómez-Renaud
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland (K.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland (K.J.); (K.K.)
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12
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Jiménez-Martínez P, Alix-Fages C, Helms ER, Espinar S, González-Cano H, Baz-Valle E, Janicijevic D, García-Ramos A, Colado JC. Dietary supplementation habits in international natural bodybuilders during pre-competition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26730. [PMID: 38434302 PMCID: PMC10907779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bodybuilding is characterized by high-rates of sport supplementation. This is the first study to compare the supplementation patterns of winners (WB) and non-winners (NWB) among international natural bodybuilders during contest preparation. Fifty-six natural bodybuilders (5 women) (age = 28.85 ± 8.03 years; final body mass = 71.50 ± 10.28 kg), 19 WB (athletes who had achieved victory in an official natural bodybuilding championship at least once) and 37 NWB (athletes who never achieved victory), from 18 countries (55.36% from Spain) responded to this cross-sectional online survey related to their nutritional habits, strategies and supplementation practices. WB were significantly older (p = 0.024), completed more competitive seasons (p = 0.027) and participated in more competitions in the last contest year (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between WB and NWB for years training for bodybuilding (p = 0.055), weeks of dieting for competition (p = 0.392), and body weight at the start (p = 0.553) and end (p = 0.330) of the season. Beverage and supplement consumption, purchasing patterns, and information sources did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, natural bodybuilding WB tended to be older and had more competitive experience, but shared similar supplementation protocols to NWB. Athletes' supplementation patterns were influenced by different sources of information. However, these natural bodybuilders mainly purchased their supplements through the internet without guidance from a coach or dietitian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric R. Helms
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) at AUT Millennium, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Sergio Espinar
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eneko Baz-Valle
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- University of País Vasco, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Spain
| | - Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, The Affiliated hospital of medical school of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Ji X, Li Q, Liu Z, Wu W, Zhang C, Sui H, Chen M. Identification of Active Components for Sports Supplements: Machine Learning-Driven Classification and Cell-Based Validation. ACS Omega 2024; 9:11347-11355. [PMID: 38496927 PMCID: PMC10938306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The identification of active components is critical for the development of sports supplements. However, high-throughput screening of active components remains a challenge. This study sought to construct prediction models to screen active components from herbal medicines via machine learning and validate the screening by using cell-based assays. The six constructed models had an accuracy of >0.88. Twelve randomly selected active components from the screening were tested for their active potency on C2C12 cells, and 11 components induced a significant increase in myotube diameters and protein synthesis. The effect and mechanism of luteolin among the 11 active components as potential sports supplements were then investigated by using immunofluorescence staining and high-content imaging analysis. It showed that luteolin increased the skeletal muscle performance via the activation of PGC-1α and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, high-throughput prediction models can be effectively used to screen active components as sports supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Ji
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Min Chen
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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14
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McAllister MJ, Martaindale MH, Dillard CC, Gonzalez DE. Stress response to virtual reality based active shooter training: Impact of caffeine consumption. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106923. [PMID: 38142605 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Participation in a virtual reality based active shooter training drill (VR-ASD) has been shown to increase biomarkers of stress; however, the impact of caffeine consumption on this response has not been studied. Caffeine ingestion has been shown to have favorable effects on physical and cognitive performance among athletic and tactical occupations alike. This study examined the impact of caffeine ingestion on subjective and physiological markers of stress in response to a mental stress task (MST) which involved participation in a VR-ASD and cognitive challenge consisting of mental arithmetic and a Stroop challenge. Fifty-three subjects were randomly assigned either caffeine (n = 26) or placebo (n = 27) prior to being exposed to the MST. Saliva samples, heart rate (HR), and state-anxiety inventory (SAI) scales, were collected before and after exposure to the MST. Saliva was analyzed for α-amylase (sAA), secretory IgA (SIgA), and cortisol (sCORT) concentrations. The MST resulted in significant increases in sAA, SIgA, HR, and SAI. Immediately post MST, sAA concentrations were significantly higher following the caffeine treatment compared to placebo. These data demonstrate that caffeine consumption results in significantly greater sAA concentrations post MST. This study was pre-registered as a clinical trial ("Impact of supplements on stress markers": NCT05592561).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McAllister
- Metabolic & Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | | | - Courtney C Dillard
- Metabolic & Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Drew E Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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15
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Paoli A, Cerullo G, Bianco A, Neri M, Gennaro F, Charrier D, Moro T. Not Only Protein: Dietary Supplements to Optimize the Skeletal Muscle Growth Response to Resistance Training: The Current State of Knowledge. J Hum Kinet 2024; 91:225-244. [PMID: 38689582 PMCID: PMC11057611 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/18666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Regarding skeletal muscle hypertrophy, resistance training and nutrition, the most often discussed and proposed supplements include proteins. Although, the correct amount, quality, and daily distribution of proteins is of paramount importance for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, there are many other nutritional supplements that can help and support the physiological response of skeletal muscle to resistance training in terms of muscle hypertrophy. A healthy muscle environment and a correct whole muscle metabolism response to the stress of training is a prerequisite for the increase in muscle protein synthesis and, therefore, muscle hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the role of different nutritional supplements such as carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, creatine, omega-3, polyphenols, and probiotics as a support and complementary factors to the main supplement i.e., protein. The different mechanisms are discussed in the light of recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Neri
- Italian Fitness Federation, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federico Gennaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Charrier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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16
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Yu P, Fan Y, Wu H. Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments. Sports Health 2024:19417381241231627. [PMID: 38406865 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241231627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine (TAU) and caffeine (CAF), as common ergogenic aids, are known to affect exercise performance; however, the effects of their combined supplementation, particularly in high temperature and humidity environments, have not been studied. HYPOTHESIS The combination of TAU and CAF will have a greater effect on endurance cycle performance and improve changes in physiological indicators during exercise compared with TAU or CAF supplementation alone and placebo. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind crossover randomized controlled study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS Twelve university students majoring in physical education volunteered to receive 4 different supplement ingestions: (1) placebo (maltodextrin), (2) TAU, (3) CAF, (4) TAU + CAF. After a 7-day washout period, participants completed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity). RESULTS All experimental groups improved TTE compared with the placebo group. Peak and mean power of countermovement jump were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with the placebo group before the exhaustion exercise (P = 0.02, d = 1.2 and P = 0.04, d = 1.1, respectively). Blood lactate was significantly lower after the exhaustion test in the TAU group compared with the CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.8) and TAU + CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.7) groups. Core temperature in the TAU group was significantly reduced in the placebo group later in the exhaustion test (P < 0.01, d = 1.9). CONCLUSION In high temperature and humidity environments, acute TAU, CAF, and combined supplementation all improved TTE and did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue compared with placebo, with TAU having the best effect. Combined supplementation failed to exhibit superimposed performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results provide suggestions for the effects of TAU, CAF, and their combined intake on exercise performance in high temperature and humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Yu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, China
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17
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Saidi O, Souabni M, Del Sordo GC, Maviel C, Peyrel P, Maso F, Vercruyssen F, Duché P. Association between Low Energy Availability (LEA) and Impaired Sleep Quality in Young Rugby Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:609. [PMID: 38474738 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Low energy availability (LEA) has been associated with several physiological consequences, but its impact on sleep has not been sufficiently investigated, especially in the context of young athletes. This study examined the potential association between energy availability (EA) status and objective sleep quality in 42 male rugby players (mean age: 16.2 ± 0.8 years) during a 7-day follow-up with fixed sleep schedules in the midst of an intensive training phase. Participants' energy intake was weighed and recorded. Exercise expenditure was estimated using accelerometry. Portable polysomnography devices captured sleep on the last night of the follow-up. Mean EA was 29.3 ± 9.14 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1, with 47.6% of athletes presenting LEA, 35.7% Reduced Energy Availability (REA), and 16.7% Optimal Energy Availability (OEA). Lower sleep efficiency (SE) and N3 stage proportion, along with higher wake after sleep onset (WASO), were found in participants with LEA compared to those with OEA (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively, with large effect sizes). Segmented regression models of the EA-sleep outcomes (SE, sleep onset latency [SOL]), WASO and N3) relationships displayed two separate linear regions and produced a best fit with a breakpoint between 21-33 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1. Below these thresholds, sleep quality declines considerably. It is imperative for athletic administrators, nutritionists, and coaches to conscientiously consider the potential impact of LEA on young athletes' sleep, especially during periods of heavy training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory Youth-Physical Activity and Sports-Health (JAP2S), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Maher Souabni
- Laboratory Youth-Physical Activity and Sports-Health (JAP2S), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology-Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), Paris Nanterre University, F-39200 Nanterre, France
| | - Giovanna C Del Sordo
- Psychology Department, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Blvd, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Clément Maviel
- Laboratory Youth-Physical Activity and Sports-Health (JAP2S), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Paul Peyrel
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Freddy Maso
- Rugby Training Center of the Sportive Association Montferrandaise, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Vercruyssen
- Laboratory Youth-Physical Activity and Sports-Health (JAP2S), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory Youth-Physical Activity and Sports-Health (JAP2S), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
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18
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Santangelo C, Verratti V, Mrakic-Sposta S, Ciampini F, Bonan S, Pignatelli P, Pietrangelo T, Pilato S, Moffa S, Fontana A, Piccinelli R, Donne CL, Lobefalo L, Beccatelli M, Rizzini PL, Seletti D, Mecca R, Beccatelli T, Bondi D. Nutritional physiology and body composition changes during a rapid ascent to high altitude. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 38320257 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to high altitude might cause the body to adapt with negative energy and fluid balance that compromise body composition and physical performance. In this field study involving 12 healthy adults, sex-balanced, and aged 29 ± 4 years with a body mass index of 21.6 ± 1.8 kg/m2, we investigated the effects of a 4-day trekking up to 4556 m a.s.l. on Monte Rosa (Alps, Italy). The food intake was recorded using food diaries and nutrient averages were calculated. The bio-impedance analysis was performed at low and high altitudes, and a wearable biosensor (Swemax) was used to track hydro-saline losses in two participants. Daily total energy intake was 3348 ± 386 kcal for males and 2804 ± 415 kcal for females (13%-14% protein, 35% fat, 44%-46% carbohydrates). Although there was a significant body weight loss (65.0 ± 9.3 vs. 64.2 ± 9.10 kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.398), no significant changes in body composition parameter were found but a trend in the increase of the bioelectrical phase angle in males (p = 0.059, d = -0.991). Body water percentage significantly changed (p = 0.026, η2 p = 0.440), but the absolute water did not, suggesting that the weight loss was not due to water loss. Salivary and urinary osmolality did not change. A reduction in sweat rate at higher altitudes was observed in both participants. Interestingly, salivary leptin increased (p = 0.014, η2 p = 0.510), and salivary ghrelin decreased (p = 0.036, η2 p = 0.403). Therefore, the 4-day trekking at altitude of hypoxia exposure induced changes in satiety and appetite hormones. High altitude expeditions require more specific nutritional guidance, and using multiplex analysis could help in monitoring fluid balance and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (ICF-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Ciampini
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sofia Bonan
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Samanta Moffa
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piccinelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucio Lobefalo
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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19
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Lu TL, He CS, Suzuki K, Lu CC, Wang CY, Fang SH. Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38337738 PMCID: PMC10857026 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Athletes often take sport supplements to reduce fatigue and immune disturbances during or after training. This study evaluated the acute effects of concurrent ingestion of alkaline water and L-glutamine on the salivary immunity and hormone responses of boxers after training. Twelve male boxing athletes were recruited in this study. During regular training, the participants were randomly divided into three groups and asked to consume 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A), 0.15 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine with 400 mL of water (Group G), and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine with 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A+G) at the same time each day for three consecutive weeks. Before and immediately after the training, saliva, heart rates, and the rate of perceived exertion were investigated. The activity of α-amylase and concentrations of lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), testosterone, and cortisol in saliva were measured. The results showed that the ratio of α-amylase activity/total protein (TP) significantly increased after training in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the ratios of lactoferrin/TP and IgA/TP were unaffected in all three groups. The concentrations of salivary testosterone after training increased significantly in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the salivary cortisol concentrations were unaltered in all groups. In conclusion, concurrent ingestion of 400 mL of alkaline water and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine before training enhanced the salivary α-amylase activity and testosterone concentration of boxers, which would be beneficial for post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Shiun He
- Department of Athletic Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chung-Yuan Wang
- Department of Combat Sports, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
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20
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Molina-López J, Pérez AB, Gamarra-Morales Y, Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Planells E. Prevalence of sports supplements consumption and its association with food choices among female elite football players. Nutrition 2024; 118:112239. [PMID: 38071936 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to 1) investigate the consumption of Sports Supplements (SSs) among female elite football players, 2) evaluate the influence of age on SS consumption, and 3) determine the relationship between the consumption of SSs and dietary choices among elite football players. METHODS A total of 126 female football players of Primera Iberdrola and Reto Iberdrola who participated in this descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study completed a self-administered questionnaire on SSs and the Athletes' Food Choices Questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 84.1% of participants consumed supplements, mainly for improved sports performance (68.3%) and health (34.1%). The main sources of purchase were the Internet (34.9%) and specialized shops (23.8%), and players were commonly advised by a dietitian-nutritionist to use SSs (56.3%). The SSs most often consumed included whey protein (30.2%), sports drinks (28.6%), creatine monohydrate (28.6%), sports bars (27.8%), and caffeine (27.8%). Older players consumed more supplements at the time of data compilation. Players predominantly acquired these supplements by using the Internet and reported benefits from their use (all P ≤ 0.036). Additionally, players who consumed SSs conveyed more concern about their food choices. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of female football players consumed SSs, particularly SSs supported by robust scientific evidence. Older players had higher supplement consumption rates. The use of SSs was related to food choices through nutritional characteristics of foods, knowledge about health and nutrition, weight control with the help of food, and the performance benefits players could acquire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology, and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Andrea Baena Pérez
- Faculty of Education, Psychology, and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Elena Planells
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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21
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Wafi AM, Alhazmi OA, Jathmi AJ, Otaif AA, Sharif MA, Ismael AI, Qadry EA, Shaikh AY, Alfaify FH, Jesudoss HJ, Salih S. Protein supplement intake by non-athlete gym attendees in Jazan region: misconceptions and gender differences. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:151-159. [PMID: 38093639 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein supplements (PSs) have gained widespread popularity among non-athlete gym attendees, who often perceive them as essential tools for muscle growth and recovery. However, misinformation surrounding PSs may lead to inappropriate use and negative health consequences. This study aimed to assess whether non-athlete gym attendees using PSs have greater misconceptions than non-users while also examining the prevalence of PS consumption and gender differences. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 387 participants in the Jazan region was conducted. Customers of 10 fitness centers were screened with a questionnaire comprising questions to measure PS misconceptions. Participants were divided into PS users and non-users. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test to assess the associations between variables. An independent t-test was used to compare the PS Misconception Index Score between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 82.4% of non-athlete gym attendees consumed at least one PS. Our findings revealed a significant association between gender and PS utilization (P<0.001), with a higher proportion of females (90.8%) consuming PS than males (77.6%). PS users had a significantly lower PS Misconception Index Score than non-users (26.8 vs. 28.3; P=0.006), indicating that PS users had a higher number of misconceptions. The internet (41.37%) and coaches (gym instructors/trainers) (34.48%) were the most common sources of information about PSs, with muscle gain being the primary reason for consumption (82.75%). CONCLUSIONS PS consumption is highly prevalent among non-athlete gym attendees in the Jazan region, with many individuals having misconceptions about their benefits and potential risks. Targeted educational interventions are needed to promote evidence-based knowledge about PSs for gym attendees, as well as for coaches, given that they were among the primary sources of information on supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Wafi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia -
| | | | - Ali J Jathmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Murad A Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Ismael
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam A Qadry
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Y Shaikh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sarah Salih
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Flockhart M, Larsen FJ. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Endurance Athletes: Interpretation and Relevance of Measurements for Improving Performance and Health. Sports Med 2024; 54:247-255. [PMID: 37658967 PMCID: PMC10933193 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood glucose regulation has been studied for well over a century as it is intimately related to metabolic health. Research in glucose transport and uptake has also been substantial within the field of exercise physiology as glucose delivery to the working muscles affects exercise capacity and athletic achievements. However, although exceptions exist, less focus has been on blood glucose as a parameter to optimize training and competition outcomes in athletes with normal glucose control. During the last years, measuring glucose has gained popularity within the sports community and successful endurance athletes have been seen with skin-mounted sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The technique offers real-time recording of glucose concentrations in the interstitium, which is assumed to be equivalent to concentrations in the blood. Although continuous measurements of a parameter that is intimately connected to metabolism and health can seem appealing, there is no current consensus on how to interpret measurements within this context. Well-defined approaches to use glucose monitoring to improve endurance athletes' performance and health are lacking. In several studies, blood glucose regulation in endurance athletes has been shown to differ from that in healthy controls. Furthermore, endurance athletes regularly perform demanding training sessions and can be exposed to high or low energy and/or carbohydrate availability, which can affect blood glucose levels and regulation. In this current opinion, we aim to discuss blood glucose regulation in endurance athletes and highlight the existing research on glucose monitoring for performance and health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Flockhart
- The Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 33, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip J Larsen
- The Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 33, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Sompochpruetikul K, Khongcharoensombat T, Chongpison Y, Rittirongwattana W, Asawanonda P, Noppakun N, Kumtornrut C. Whey protein and male acne: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38291989 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris (AV) exacerbation after whey protein (WP) consumption remains inconclusive among experts. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between WP consumption and acne severity in men with acne. METHODS A noninferiority trial was conducted in men with mild to moderate facial and/or truncal acne. After randomization, participants in an intervention group took daily WP 30 g with a non-WP nutritional supplement 18 g (WP group, n = 25), while the control group took a non-WP nutritional supplement 46 g (non-WP group, n = 24). At each follow-up appointment, investigators evaluated acne count (total acne lesions, comedonal lesions, and inflammatory lesions) and severity. RESULTS Forty-nine participants had a mean age of 19.7 years (standard deviation [SD], 0.9) and 20.3 years (SD, 1.4) in the WP and non-WP groups, respectively. The mean differences in the facial and truncal total acne lesions for the WP and non-WP group were -5.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], -13.18 to 1.19, p = 0.09) and -2.18 (95% CI, -11.83 to 7.48, p = 0.65), respectively. For severity changes, only one (4.3%) participant in the non-WP group reported an increase in the Investigator Global Assessment scale of at least two levels. CONCLUSIONS In this 6-month trial, men with acne who undertook WP supplementation showed a noninferior difference in the changes in total acne lesions and severity of facial and truncal acne compared with the non-WP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittithorn Sompochpruetikul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanon Khongcharoensombat
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Chongpison
- Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Research Affairs, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Noppakun
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanat Kumtornrut
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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D'Angelo A, Assogna V, Matarazzo A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, D'Anastasio R, Fondi A, Ripari P. Alimentation and nutrition applied to the new fitness disciplines in Italian gym. Nutr Health 2024:2601060231209555. [PMID: 38280233 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231209555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Background: The energy balance between inputs and outputs is essential to avoid a reduction in performance, recovery difficulties, hormonal problems, an increased risk of fatigue, injuries and illnesses. Aim: The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether the energy intake assumed by non-professional sportsmen of the new fitness disciplines on the basis of the guidelines present in the literature, meets the needs required by their sporting activity. Methods: The sample consist of 20 non-competitive adult sportsmen (n.10 females; n.10 males) that were voluntarily enrolled in a gym, belonging to the various fitness disciplines: bodybuilders (n = 2); calisthenics (n = 3); crossfitters (n = 15). The subjects underwent an anamnestic-nutritional interview and used a photographic atlas to estimate the energy intake in the training day (in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and H2O). Results: The results of the study reported: a lower energy intake, the breakdown of macronutrients was suitable for the nutritional indications reported by bibliographic sources, with the exception for protein intake that was higher than the other macronutrients; a lower intake of fibers, mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids; an higher intake of simple sugars, proteins and H2O, and by a normal parameters of carbohydrates, fats and saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: Generally the study has shown that the sample energy intake is extremely low in the training day. Therefore, it is useful to educate sportsmen, coaches and families in order to avoid deficiencies/excess of calories and nutrients which may not be functional for the sporting activity performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia D'Angelo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Assogna
- Degree Course in Food Science and Health, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Matarazzo
- Degree Course in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero D'Anastasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fondi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizio Ripari
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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25
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Chryssanthopoulos C, Souglis A, Tsalouhidou S, Hulton AT, Bogdanis GC, Petridou A, Philippou A, Maridaki M, Theos A. Dietary Intake of Soccer Players before, during and after an Official Game: Influence of Competition Level and Playing Position. Nutrients 2024; 16:337. [PMID: 38337622 PMCID: PMC10856869 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical demands in soccer differ according to league level and playing position and may influence nutritional requirements. This study examined the effect of competition level and playing position on dietary intake in male soccer players (SP). Diet was weighed and recorded by 123 SP for 3 days; before, on the day, and the day after an official match. SP in the Super League (SL, n = 33) division reported higher (p < 0.05) average three-day energy (195 ± 36 kJ/kg), carbohydrate (6.0 ± 1.1 g/kg), and protein (2.2 ± 0.5 g/kg) intakes compared to the intakes reported by SP in the 2nd (n = 30) (energy: 159 ± 31 kJ/kg; carbohydrate: 4.6 ± 1.2 g/kg; protein: 1.9 ± 0.4 g/kg), 3rd (n = 30) (energy: 153 ± 34 kJ/kg; carbohydrate: 4.5 ± 1.2 g/kg; protein: 1.7 ± 0.4 g/kg), and 4th (n = 30) (energy: 152 ± 36 kJ/kg; carbohydrate: 4.2 ± 1.2 g/kg; protein: 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg) national leagues (mean ± SD). Furthermore, when data were analyzed by playing position (pooled data), wide midfielders reported higher (p < 0.05) energy (183 ± 33 kJ/kg), carbohydrate (5.4 ± 1.2 g/kg), and fat (1.5 ± 0.4 g/kg) intakes compared to central defenders (energy: 147 ± 37 kJ/kg; carbohydrate: 4.1 ± 1.1 g/kg; fat: 1.2 ± 0.4 g/kg). The dietary intake of SP may differ according to the playing position and competition level, possibly due to different metabolic demands in training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Chryssanthopoulos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece (G.C.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Souglis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece (G.C.B.)
| | - Sofia Tsalouhidou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andrew T. Hulton
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece (G.C.B.)
| | - Anatoli Petridou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Maridaki
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece (G.C.B.)
| | - Apostolos Theos
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine & Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Jayawardena R, Weerasinghe K, Madhujith T, Hills AP, Kalupahana N. Perceptions of the importance of sports nutrition knowledge and barriers in implementing them: a qualitative study among track and field stakeholders in Sri Lanka. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 38263161 PMCID: PMC10804860 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating the core aspects of sports nutrition knowledge [SNK] into the multidisciplinary team is critical to improving an athlete's performance and well-being. Conducting in-depth interviews with members of the sports-related team is a comprehensive method of gathering information on various aspects of SNK. This qualitative study aimed to examine the opinions and beliefs of stakeholders in athletics regarding the importance of SNK. METHODS Fifteen professional track and field athletes and stakeholders were recruited into the study. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted to collect information within four key themes. Practical difficulties in getting an appropriate meal were included in an additional theme. Thematic analysis was performed using NVIVO v10.0. RESULTS All participants were mindful of the importance of proper food habits for overall athletic outcomes and reported different opinions on meal timing and composition. The opinions on supplements were heterogeneous and both positive and negative claims were reported. Beliefs regarding hydration demonstrated that the cohort was well aware of the significance of adequate hydration plus the signs and consequences of dehydration with many reporting experiences of the negative consequences of dehydration. All respondents reported that both alcohol and smoking may have an adverse impact on performance and health. CONCLUSIONS All respondents emphasized the importance of proper food habits for sports performance and well-being, but also identified barriers to optimizing nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kalani Weerasinghe
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Terrence Madhujith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Nishan Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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27
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Romero-García D, Martínez-Sanz JM, Sebastiá-Rico J, Manchado C, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Pattern of Consumption of Sports Supplements of Spanish Handball Players: Differences According to Gender and Competitive Level. Nutrients 2024; 16:315. [PMID: 38276553 PMCID: PMC10820419 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, to analyze their SS consumption pattern according to gender and competitive level, and to assess whether the SS they consume are supported by scientific evidence, and to which group they belong according to the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). (2) Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the habitual consumption of SS in 360 federated Spanish players by using a self-administered and validated questionnaire. (3) Results: These showed 65.8% of the sample consumed SS. According to the total number of participants, the most consumed supplements were from Group A: sports drinks (30.8%) and whey protein (30.4%). When analyzing the data by gender, the men's consumption was significantly higher for whey protein (p < 0.001), caffeine (p = 0.009), and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001). When analyzed by competitive level, the provincial category players group showed a significantly lower consumption than the rest of the groups for protein bars (p = 0.038), whey protein (p = 0.005) and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001), while the honor division group showed a significantly higher intake of creatine monohydrate than the remaining groups (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The handball players showed a moderate consumption of SS, without using substances that were not supported by scientific evidence and opting in most cases for supplements belonging to group A from the AIS classification. Men tended to consume more SS, and SS consumption increased based on competitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Romero-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | | | - Jaime Sebastiá-Rico
- Area of Nutrition, University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy (CUNAFF), Lluís Alcanyís Foundation—Universiy of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain;
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manchado
- General Didactics and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
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28
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Amawi A, AlKasasbeh W, Jaradat M, Almasri A, Alobaidi S, Hammad AA, Bishtawi T, Fataftah B, Turk N, Saoud HA, Jarrar A, Ghazzawi H. Athletes' nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1331854. [PMID: 38328685 PMCID: PMC10848936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition serves as the cornerstone of an athlete's life, exerting a profound impact on their performance and overall well-being. To unlock their full potential, athletes must adhere to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. This approach not only enables them to achieve optimal performance levels but also facilitates efficient recovery and reduces the risk of injuries. In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, many athletes also embrace the use of nutritional supplements to complement their dietary intake and support their training goals. These supplements cover a wide range of options, addressing nutrient deficiencies, enhancing recovery, promoting muscle synthesis, boosting energy levels, and optimizing performance in their respective sports or activities. The primary objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the diverse nutritional requirements that athletes face to optimize their performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Through a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and shed light on the optimal daily intakes of carbohydrates, protein, fats, micronutrients, hydration strategies, ergogenic aids, nutritional supplements, and nutrient timing. Furthermore, our aim is to dispel common misconceptions regarding sports nutrition, providing athletes with accurate information and empowering them in their nutritional choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Amawi
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walaa AlKasasbeh
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manar Jaradat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amani Almasri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sondos Alobaidi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Abu Hammad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taqwa Bishtawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batoul Fataftah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nataly Turk
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Al Saoud
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amjad Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Oxford Brookes Center for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hadeel Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Gibson-Smith E, Storey R, Michael M, Ranchordas M. Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1277623. [PMID: 38299180 PMCID: PMC10827858 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1277623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sport climbing has gained increased scientific attention, including studies investigating the dietary habits and nutritional requirements of climbers; however, significant gaps in the literature remain. An assessment of nutritional knowledge, weight loss for competition, and supplement use has not been previously reported in senior competition climbing athletes. Methods Fifty climbers (26 male, 24 female; BMI 21.6 ± 1.9; 23.7 ± 5.2 years) participated in the study. Participants answered a 72-item questionnaire, comprised of demographic data and three main sections to assess general and sports nutrition knowledge, weight loss strategies, and supplement use. Results The mean nutrition knowledge score was 'average', with considerable individual variation (53.5 ± 11.1 %). There were no significant sex differences in the general (GNK) or sport (SNK) nutrition knowledge scores, or effect of age. Significantly higher knowledge was demonstrated by national vs. international athletes for the GNK scores (11.09 ± 1.58 vs. 9.58 ± 1.75; p = 0.028). Participants scored well in questions concerning protein, carbohydrates, alcohol, and supplements, and conversely, performed poorly in hydration and micronutrient related questions. Less than one-fifth of respondents had access to a dietitian. Forty-six percent of males and 38% of female climbers reported intentional weight loss for competition on at least one occasion. Of those, ~76% reported utilizing concerning practices, including methods that conform with disordered eating and/or eating disorders, dehydration, vomiting, and misuse of laxatives. Approximately 65% of athletes reported using at least one nutritional supplement in the previous 6 months, with 44% reporting multiple supplement use. There was no significant difference in supplement use between sexes or competition level. Discussion Due to the established importance of nutritional intake on athlete health and performance, educational support should be employed to improve knowledge in climbers and address shortcomings. Moreover, intentional weight loss for climbing competition is common, with most athletes achieving ~3-8% body weight loss over ≥2 weeks. It is crucial that professionals working with competitive climbers are vigilant in identifying athletes at risk of concerning weight management and establish referral pathways to the appropriate specialist services. High quality intervention trials to assess the efficacy of ergogenic aids in climbing remains inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gibson-Smith
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, College of Health, Wellbeing and Lifestyle, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Storey
- Sport Industry Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Lifestyle, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mayur Ranchordas
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, College of Health, Wellbeing and Lifestyle, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Posthumus L, Driller M, Winwood P, Gill N. The Development of a Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equation for Professional Male Rugby Union Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38257164 PMCID: PMC10819669 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important aspect when calculating energy requirements for professional rugby union players. Prediction equations are often used for convenience to estimate RMR. However, the accuracy of current prediction equations for professional rugby union players remains unclear. The aims of this study were to examine the RMR of professional male rugby union players compared to nine commonly used prediction equations and develop and validate RMR prediction equations specific to professional male rugby union players. One hundred and eight players (body mass (BM) = 102.9 ± 13.3 kg; fat-free mass (FFM) = 84.8 ± 10.2 kg) undertook Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans to assess body composition and indirect calorimetry to determine RMR. Mean RMR values of 2585 ± 176 kcal∙day-1 were observed among the group with forwards (2706 ± 94 kcal·day-1), demonstrating significantly (p < 0.01; d = 1.93) higher RMR compared to backs (2465 ± 156 kcal·day-1), which appeared to be due to their higher BM and FFM measures. Compared to the measured RMR for the group, seven of the nine commonly used prediction equations significantly (p < 0.05) under-estimated RMR (-104-346 kcal·day-1), and one equation significantly (p < 0.01) over-estimated RMR (192 kcal·day-1). This led to the development of a new prediction equation using stepwise linear regression, which determined that the strongest predictor of RMR for this group was FFM alone (R2 = 0.70; SEE = 96.65), followed by BM alone (R2 = 0.65; SEE = 104.97). Measuring RMR within a group of professional male rugby union players is important, as current prediction equations may under- or over-estimate RMR. If direct measures of RMR cannot be obtained, we propose the newly developed prediction equations be used to estimate RMR within professional male rugby union players. Otherwise, developing team- and/or group-specific prediction equations is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Posthumus
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand;
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Paul Winwood
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand;
- Department of Sport and Recreation, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
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Gacek M, Wojtowicz A, Popek A. Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38251303 PMCID: PMC10819768 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research was to analyse relationships between personality traits and the use of selected dietary supplements among Polish athletes training in team sports. This subject matter has not been explored in prior research. MATERIAL AND METHODS This research was carried out among a group of 213 athletes (men) in the 18-36 age range, with the implementation of a proprietary validated questionnaire for the use of dietary supplements and the NEO-PI-R inventory (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming the following level of significance: α = 0.05. RESULTS It was shown that athletes who periodically and regularly consumed isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, were characterised by a lower level of neuroticism than those who did not consume them. Athletes who periodically took multivitamin preparations were characterised by a lower level of extraversion and openness, and those periodically using multimineral preparations were characterised by a higher level of agreeableness than those who did not use these agents. Athletes not taking creatine were characterised by the lowest level of conscientiousness among the study participants. The use of protein nutrients, probiotics and caffeine was not associated with any personality traits in the athletes. CONCLUSIONS Further relationships of the Big Five personality traits were demonstrated with the use of effective dietary supplements by athletes; the most unambiguous correlations were described for neuroticism and conscientiousness in such a way that the use of isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, was connected with a low level of neuroticism, while the use of creatine was connected with high conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gacek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adam Popek
- Department of Recreation and Biological Renewal, Institute of Recreation and Sports, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
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Jiménez-Alfageme R, Álvarez J, Garbisu-Hualde A, Romero-García D, Giménez-Monzó D, Sospedra I, Ausó E, Martínez-Sanz JM. Are the Dietary-Nutritional Recommendations Met? Analysis of Intake in Endurance Competitions. Nutrients 2024; 16:189. [PMID: 38257082 PMCID: PMC10820672 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades the number of endurance events has increased, as well as the number of athletes participating in them. Adequate nutritional and water planning is essential to maintain optimal sports performance and to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal problems. The main objective of this study is to determine the dietary intake and compliance with nutritional recommendations of athletes in two endurance competitions, as well as to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. METHODS An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out on the consumption of liquids, food, and supplements in 42 triathletes and mountain runners (MRs) participating in a Vi-Half-Gasteiz triathlon and the Ultra Sierra de Cazorla trail run. At the completion of the trials, participants completed a validated questionnaire (NIQEC). RESULTS The mean caloric intake during the test of the participants in this study was 192.17 kcal/h, while the mean carbohydrate intake was 43.67 g/h, the mean sodium intake was 267.43 mg/h, and the mean caffeine intake was 15.53 mg/h, with no significant differences between the two sports. The amount of liquids consumed by the participants was 421.21 mL/h, with no significant differences between the triathletes and MRs. As for gastrointestinal problems, it was observed that the participants presented gastrointestinal discomfort in 61.9% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS The intakes of energy, carbohydrates, water, sodium, and caffeine were lower than the current recommendations. There were no differences in the energy, carbohydrate, water, sodium, and caffeine intakes between the triathletes and mountain runners. Gastrointestinal problems showed a high prevalence in these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Gasteiz—EUNEIZ, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Javier Álvarez
- Estudis de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Arkaitz Garbisu-Hualde
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Departmnet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Gasteiz—EUNEIZ, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | | | - Daniel Giménez-Monzó
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science Health, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Isabel Sospedra
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Eva Ausó
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Apte M, Nadavade N, Sheikh SS. A review on nitrates' health benefits and disease prevention. Nitric Oxide 2024; 142:1-15. [PMID: 37981005 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nitrates (NO3-) are naturally occurring compounds in various vegetables, especially beetroot, which is mainly supplemented in the form of BRJ. Dietary nitrates (NO3-) play a crucial function in human physiology. On consumption, nitrates (NO3-) undergo a conversion process, producing nitric oxide (NO) via a complex metabolic pathway. Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with many physiological processes, entailing immune modulation, neurotransmission, and vasodilation, enabling blood vessel dilation and relaxation, which boosts blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, positively influencing cardiovascular health, exercise performance, and cognitive function. There are various analytical processes to determine the level of nitrate (NO3-) present in dietary sources. The impact of dietary nitrates (NO3-) can differ among individuals. Thus, the review revisits the dietary source of nitrates (NO3-), its metabolism, absorption, excretion, analytical techniques to assess nitrates (NO3-) content in various dietary sources, and discusses health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Apte
- Department: Quality Assurance, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Nishigandha Nadavade
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sohail Shakeel Sheikh
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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Hamdouni H, Kliszczewicz B, Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A. Physical Fitness Responses after Sixteen Weeks of Three Fitness Program Trainings in Untrained Subjects. Int J Exerc Sci 2024; 17:54-72. [PMID: 38665854 PMCID: PMC11042898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable popularity of fitness trends like high intensity functional training (HIFT), choreographed high intensity classes (CHIC) and resistance (RT) trainings raises the question on their effect on cardio-respiratory, lactate removal rate, endurance and body composition responses. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare these effects. Ninety-five participants were randomly assigned into 16 weeks of these trainings, five sessions/week. Anthropometric and fitness tests were carried out before training (PRE), after eight (8W) and sixteen weeks (16W). Body composition measures demonstrated significant decrease in body fat percentage (p<0.001, d=0.17-0.54) for all groups and fat mass (p< 0.001, d= 0.26-0.53) for HIFT and CHIC in 8W,16W and in 16W for RT (p= 0.03, d= 0.14), also significant increase in fat free mass only in HIFT (p< 0.002, d= 0.06-0.21) and RT (p< 0.001, d= 0.17-0.33) in 8W,16W. Cardio-respiratory measures demonstrated significant improvements in maximal aerobic capacity for HIFT (p< 0.001, d= 0.58-1.26) and CHIC (p< 0.001, d= 0.45-1.21) in 8W,16W. Endurance tests demonstrated significant improvements in 8W,16W in aerobic endurance among HIFT (p< 0.001, d= 1.28-3.19) and CHIC (p< 0.001, d= 1.16-1.79), in muscle absolute endurance in three groups (p< 0.002, d= 0.14-1.17)and muscle relative endurance in HIFT (p< 0.02, d= 0.13-0.2)and RT (p= 0.03, d= 0.3) in 16W. We can conclude that HIFT and CHIC are effective for cardio-respiratory and endurance improvement and all three programs are effective in reducing body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habil Hamdouni
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar - Said, Maniuba, Tunisia, Africa
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization' (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia, Africa
| | - Brian Kliszczewicz
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Management, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
| | - Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar - Said, Maniuba, Tunisia, Africa
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization' (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia, Africa
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Durkalec-Michalski K, Kamińska J, Saunders B, Pokrywka A, Łoniewski I, Steffl M, Podgórski T. Does sodium bicarbonate based extra-cellular buffering support reduce high intensity exercise-induced fatigue and enhance short-term recovery assessed by selected blood biochemical indices? Biol Sport 2024; 41:17-27. [PMID: 38188117 PMCID: PMC10765444 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.125591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO3 visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO3). Each visit consisted of two 30-s Wingate tests separated by CrossFit-specific benchmarks (Wall Balls and Burpees - both performed for 3 min). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and after 45 min recovery. Significant differences between visits appeared for blood pH, percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes, red blood cells count and haemoglobin concentration at post-exercise and 45-min recovery, and for white blood cells count, percentage of monocytes, concentration of magnesium and creatinine at 45-min recovery. Most of the observed differences for heamatological and biochemical markers were significant compared to CTRL, but not different after PLA. NaHCO3 supplementation compared to PLA did not significantly affect exercise or recovery shifts in studied blood indicators. However, the changes in these markers after NaHCO3 and PLA in relation to CTRL indicate a possible role of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
- Sport Sciences–Biomedical Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrzej Pokrywka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michal Steffl
- Sport Sciences–Biomedical Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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Onell C, Skillgate E, Melin A, Källberg H, Waldén M, Edlund K, Hägglund M, Côté P, Asker M. Dietary habits in adolescent male and female handball players: the Swedish Handball Cohort. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001679. [PMID: 38143719 PMCID: PMC10749036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to describe dietary habits in Swedish adolescent handball players and differences with respect to sex and school grade. Methods Participants in the Swedish Handball Cohort answered a web-survey assessing adherence to sports nutrition recommendations for meal frequency and meal timing, and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) for fruits/vegetables and fish/seafood, food exclusions and use of dietary supplements. Differences with respect to sex and school grade were estimated with generalised linear models, generating prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% CIs. Results A total of 1040 participants (16.6±0.9 years, 51% males) were included. Overall, 70% and 90%, respectively, met recommendations for meal frequency and meal timing, whereas adherence to recommended carbohydrate intake during training/game was met by 17%. Adherence to the NNR for fruits/vegetables and fish/seafood was met by 16% and 37%, respectively. Twenty-eight per cent reported using dietary supplements. Females reported lower frequency of meals, especially morning snacks (-0.6 days/week (95% CI -0.3 to -0.9)) and evening snacks (-0.8 days/week (95% CI -0.5 to -1.1)), higher prevalence of exclusions due to intolerances (PR 1.66 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.01)) and other reasons (PR 1.36 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.64)), higher adherence to the NNR for fruits/vegetables (PR 2.30 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.62)) and use of micronutrient supplements (PR 1.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.00)) compared with males. Only small differences were observed between school grades. Conclusions Swedish adolescent handball players' dietary habits are fairly in accordance with sports nutrition recommendations but not the NNR. Females appear to display more restrictive habits than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Onell
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Intervention and Implementation Research in Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Melin
- Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö/Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Henrik Källberg
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Analysis and Data Management, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Capio Ortho Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klara Edlund
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierre Côté
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Asker
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Naprapathögskolan - Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Siquier-Coll J, Delgado-García G, Soto-Méndez F, Liñán-González A, García R, González-Fernández FT. The Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Female Volleyball Players' Performance and Wellness during a Regular Training Week. Nutrients 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 38201859 PMCID: PMC10780397 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND caffeine is an ergogenic aid that still needs to be investigated in women's sports performance. METHODS Eight semi-professional women's volleyball players (height = 1.63 ± 0.08 m; weight = 66.67 ± 4.74 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. A randomized crossover design was implemented where players underwent caffeine and placebo conditions. In the caffeine condition, participants consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine based on their body weight before acute training. The evaluations were performed over two weeks of training. In both conditions, the countermovement jump, repeated jumps for 15 s, and handgrip tests were performed. The change of direction was assessed using the 505 test. Well-being was also assessed with a wellness questionnaire. A repeated measures ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of supplementation (F (1.7) = 8.41, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.54) across the training week on physical performance. Additionally, there was a positive effect on perceived fatigue (F (1.7) = 7.29, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine improved performance and fatigue parameters over one week of training. Further research is needed on women, focusing on physical performance and wellbeing, especially during intense periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Gabriel Delgado-García
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Affiliated to Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain; (G.D.-G.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Fulgencio Soto-Méndez
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Affiliated to Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain; (G.D.-G.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Antonio Liñán-González
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - Raquel García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Hagele AM, Boring JL, Moon JM, Sunderland KL, Mumford PW, Kerksick CM. Naturally Bicarbonated Water Supplementation Does Not Improve Anaerobic Cycling Performance or Blood Gas Parameters in Active Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:5052. [PMID: 38140311 PMCID: PMC10745886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The completion of high-intensity exercise results in robust perturbations to physiologic homeostasis, challenging the body's natural buffering systems to mitigate the accumulation of metabolic by-products. Supplementation with bicarbonate has previously been used to offset metabolic acidosis, leading to improvements in anaerobic exercise performance. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of ergogenic properties in naturally occurring low-dose bicarbonated water and their effects on anaerobic cycling performance and blood gas kinetics in recreationally active men and women. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy, recreationally active men and women (28.1 ± 8.0 years, 169.8 ± 11.7 cm, 68.9 ± 10.8 kg, 20.1 ± 7.9% fat, V˙O2peak: 42.8 ± 7.6 mL/kg/min) completed two separate testing sessions consisting of 15 cycling sprints (10 s sprint, 20 s active rest) against 7.5% of their body mass. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study design, study participants consumed a 10 mL/kg dose of either spring water (SW) or bicarbonated mineral water (BMW) (delivering ~3 g/day of bicarbonate) for 7 days. Venous blood was collected before, immediately after, and 5 and 10 min after the sprint protocol and was analyzed for lactate and a series of blood gas components. After the completion of 15 cycling sprints, averages of peak and mean power for bouts 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15, along with total work for the entire cycling protocol, were calculated. All performance and blood gas parameters were analyzed using a mixed-factorial ANOVA. RESULTS pH was found to be significantly higher in the BMW group immediately after (7.17 ± 0.09 vs. 7.20 ± 0.11; p = 0.05) and 10 min post exercise (7.21 ± 0.11 vs. 7.24 ± 0.09; p = 0.04). A similar pattern of change was observed 5 min post exercise wherein pH levels in the SW group were lower than those observed in the BMW group; however, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.09). A statistical trend (p = 0.06) was observed wherein lactate in the BMW group tended to be lower than in the SW group 5 min post exercise. No significant main effect for time (p > 0.05) or group × time interactions (p > 0.05) for the total work, average values of peak power, or average values of mean power were observed, indicating performance was unchanged. CONCLUSION One week of consuming water with increased bicarbonate (10 mL/kg; ~3 g/day bicarbonate) showed no effect on anaerobic cycling performance. BMW decreased blood lactate concentrations 5 min after exercise and increased blood pH immediately and 10 min after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA; (A.M.H.); (J.M.M.); (K.L.S.); (P.W.M.)
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Cabre HE, Greenwalt CE, Gould LM, Smith-Ryan AE. The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2206386. [PMID: 37125500 PMCID: PMC10134954 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2206386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrulline may amplify the effects of L-arginine and nitric oxide concentration, which may augment vasodilation and blood flow, thereby enhancing aerobic exercise performance. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was to investigate effects of L-citrulline + Glutathione on aerobic exercise performance and blood flow in well-trained men. METHODS Twenty-five males (Mean ± SD; Age: 22.2 ± 2.4 yrs; Height: 177.0 ± 4.8 cm; Weight: 75.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomly assigned to the L-citrulline + Glutathione (Setria Performance Blend: SPB; L-citrulline [2 g] + glutathione [200 mg], 6 capsules) or placebo (PL; 3.1 g cellulose, 6 capsules) group. Participants performed a maximal oxygen consumption treadmill test to determine peak velocity (PV) and returned after eight days of ingesting either PL or SPB. Three timed treadmill runs to exhaustion (TTE) were performed at 90%, 100%, and 110% PV. Brachial artery blood flow and vessel diameter were assessed using ultrasound at 1-hr prior to exercise (1hrPrEX), after each exercise bout, immediately post-exercise (immediate PEX), and 30 minutes post exercise (30minPEX) at visits 2 and 4. Blood analytes were assessed via venous blood draws at visit 1, visit 3, and 1hrPEX, immediate PEX, and 30minPEX at visits 2 and 4. After a 14-day washout, participants repeated the same procedures, ingesting the opposite treatment. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were performed for TTE, vessel diameter, blood flow, and blood analytes. RESULTS Blood flow was significantly augmented 30minPEX (p = 0.04) with SPB in comparison with PL. L-citrulline and L-arginine plasma concentrations were significantly elevated immediately PEX (p = 0.001) and 30-minPEX (p = 0.001) following SPB in comparison to PL. CONCLUSION Acute ingestion of SPB after eight days may enhance blood flow, L-citrulline, and L-arginine plasma concentrations after high-intensity exercise, which may enhance performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct04090138], identifier [NCT04090138].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Cabre
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Casey E. Greenwalt
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lacey M. Gould
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, Chapel Hill, NC
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Duarte Junior MA, Enriquez-Martinez OG, Brisola KM, Oliveira J, Molina MDCB, Trakman GL, de Mello MT, Longhi R. Nutritional intake in high-performance para athletes. Nutrition 2023; 116:112168. [PMID: 37562185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the eating habits of para-athletes who attended a specialized training center in Brazil. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Sports Training Center at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Energy, macronutrient (expressed in absolute terms and relative to body weight), fiber, cholesterol, and micronutrient intakes were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire, based on intakes over the preceding 12 mo. Sociodemographic factors were assessed using a purpose-designed survey, which included self-reported weight and height. Differences in nutrient intake based on sex, age, body mass index, and sporting factors were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30 para-athletes (in para athletics, para-powerlifting, para-swimming, and para-taekwondo) were included in the study. The median total energy intake was 4089 (2855-5829) kcal. The median consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was 512.3 (358.7-853.5), 184.5 (118.5-246.4), and 137.1 (96.8-189.5) g/d, respectively. Adolescent athletes had higher protein intakes than adult athletes (P = 0.02). Para-athletes with a longer sports career had lower consumption of fiber (P = 0.01) and thiamine (P = 0.02). Participants with a higher body mass index had higher intake of alcohol (P = 0.04) and monounsaturated fats (P = 0.01). Higher consumption of alcohol was also reported by older para-athletes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We identified a higher saturated fat intake in male than in female para-athletes as well as higher protein intake (g/kg) in younger compared with older athletes. In addition, sociodemographic characteristics influenced the dietary intake of some para-athletes, such as length of sports career, age, and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kênia Mara Brisola
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jessé Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gina Louise Trakman
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marco Tulio de Mello
- Center of Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Longhi
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abdulrahman SJ, Abdulhadi MA, Turki Jalil A, Falah D, Merza MS, Almulla AF, Ali A, Ali RT. Conjugated linoleic acid and glucosamine supplements may prevent bone loss in aging by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10579-10588. [PMID: 37932498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a living organ that undergoes constant changes, including bone formation and resorption. It is affected by various diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteomalacia. Nowadays, several methods are applied to protect bone health, including the use of hormonal and non-hormonal medications and supplements. However, certain drugs like glucocorticoids, thiazolidinediones, heparin, anticonvulsants, chemotherapy, and proton pump inhibitors can endanger bone health and cause bone loss. New studies are exploring the use of supplements, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and glucosamine, with fewer side effects during treatment. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the effects of CLA and glucosamine on bone structure, both direct and indirect. One mechanism that deserves special attention is the regulatory effect of RANKL/RANK/OPG on bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is considered a motive for osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. The cytokine system, consisting of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), plays a vital role in bone turnover. Over the past few years, researchers have observed the impact of CLA and glucosamine on the RANKL/RANK/OPG mechanism of bone turnover. However, no comprehensive study has been published on these supplements and their mechanism. To address this gap in knowledge, we have critically reviewed their potential effects. This review aims to assist in developing efficient treatment strategies and focusing future studies on these supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Dumooa Falah
- National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Muna S Merza
- Prosthetic dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ronak Taher Ali
- College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
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Taheri Karami G, Hemmatinafar M, Koushkie Jahromi M, Nemati J, Niknam A. Repeated mouth rinsing of coffee improves the specific-endurance performance and jump performance of young male futsal players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2214108. [PMID: 37190757 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2214108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouth-rinsing with ergogenic solutions such as carbohydrate and caffeinated drinks has been considered among athletes as a practical nutritional strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated coffee mouth-rinsing (CMR) doses on specific performances of futsal players. METHOD Twenty-four male futsal players randomly participated in this randomized, double-blind, and crossover design study. During the intervention, participants were randomly placed in four different conditions including 1. low-dose CMR (LDC, n = 6, ~60 mg caffeine); 2. high-dose CMR (HDC, n = 6, ~125 mg caffeine); 3. decaffeinated CMR (PLA, n = 6, ~10 mg caffeine); and 4. no CMR (CON, n = 6). Vertical jump height was measured at baseline, baseline after CMR (baseline-CMR), immediately after the intermittent futsal endurance test (FIET) (IA-FIET), 5 min after the FIET (5"A-FIET) and 10 min after the FIET (10"A-FIET). Perceived fatigue was also measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CMR was also performed at baseline, during FIET (Repeated between levels), and 10'A-FIET. The collected data were analyzed (with SPSS software) by one- and two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P < 0.05 level. RESULTS The findings of the present study illustrated that the perceived fatigue in IA-FIET increased significantly compared to the baseline which was accompanied by a significant decrease in 5"A-FIET and 10"A-FIET compared to IA-FIET (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between conditions in the baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET (P > 0.05). However, HDC and LDC rose significantly the distance covered in FIET compared to CON and PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, HDC increased the FIET performance more than LDC (P < 0.05). Although there was no difference between any of the conditions at baseline (P > 0.05), baseline-CMR increased significantly the vertical jump height (P < 0.05). At IA-FIET, vertical jump height decreased to baseline levels in CMR conditions but increased in 5"A-FIET, which remained constant until 10"A-FIET (P < 0.05). In addition, vertical jump height in HDC and LDC conditions was significantly higher than CON in IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CONCLUSION This study showed that repeated CMR with low and high doses is a useful strategy to improve specific futsal performance. However, higher dose CMR appears to have more profound effects on performance improvement than lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Taheri Karami
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hemmatinafar
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Niknam
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Calella P, Gallè F, Cerullo G, Postiglione N, Ricchiuti R, Liguori G, D'Angelo S, Valerio G. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet among athletes participating at the XXX summer universiade. Nutr Health 2023; 29:645-651. [PMID: 35388722 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221089118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A well-balanced diet is essential in sport. Due to its typical content in high-quality proteins, low glycemic index foods, and unsaturated fats, Mediterranean Diet (MD) may represent a good choice to cover nutritional needs of athletes. The aim of this study was to explore how the dietary habits of elite athletes, such as those competing at the XXX Summer Universiade, comply with the MD model. A comparison between athletes coming from the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries was also assessed. Methods: The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 433 university student athletes from all over of the world to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD pattern and possible differences between geographical areas. Results: The total sample showed a medium adherence to the MD, with a mean MDSS of 15.73 ± 3.71 out of a total of 23 points. A satisfactory consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported. Athletes from Northern European countries had a lower MD pattern adherence than the other ones. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MD model is common among elite athletes, and it may be promoted as a healthy dietary pattern in the sport setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Postiglione
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricchiuti
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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Jagim AR, Harty PS, Tinsley GM, Kerksick CM, Gonzalez AM, Kreider RB, Arent SM, Jager R, Smith-Ryan AE, Stout JR, Campbell BI, VanDusseldorp T, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2171314. [PMID: 36862943 PMCID: PMC9987737 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2171314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of energy drink (ED) or energy shot (ES) consumption on acute exercise performance, metabolism, and cognition, along with synergistic exercise-related performance outcomes and training adaptations. The following 13 points constitute the consensus of the Society and have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: Energy drinks (ED) commonly contain caffeine, taurine, ginseng, guarana, carnitine, choline, B vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12), vitamin C, vitamin A (beta carotene), vitamin D, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium), sugars (nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners), tyrosine, and L-theanine, with prevalence for each ingredient ranging from 1.3 to 100%. Energy drinks can enhance acute aerobic exercise performance, largely influenced by the amount of caffeine (> 200 mg or >3 mg∙kg bodyweight [BW-1]) in the beverage. Although ED and ES contain several nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES based on scientific evidence appear to be caffeine and/or the carbohydrate provision. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established, but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. Consuming ED and ES 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance with doses >3 mg∙kg BW-1. Consuming ED and ES containing at least 3 mg∙kg BW-1 caffeine is most likely to benefit maximal lower-body power production. Consuming ED and ES can improve endurance, repeat sprint performance, and sport-specific tasks in the context of team sports. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients that either have not been studied or evaluated in combination with other nutrients contained in the ED or ES. For this reason, these products need to be studied to demonstrate efficacy of single- and multi-nutrient formulations for physical and cognitive performance as well as for safety. Limited evidence is available to suggest that consumption of low-calorie ED and ES during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote additional weight control, potentially through enhanced training capacity. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. Individuals should consider the impact of regular coingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrates from ED and ES on metabolic health, blood glucose, and insulin levels. Adolescents (aged 12 through 18) should exercise caution and seek parental guidance when considering the consumption of ED and ES, particularly in excessive amounts (e.g. > 400 mg), as limited evidence is available regarding the safety of these products among this population. Additionally, ED and ES are not recommended for children (aged 2-12), those who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or breastfeeding and those who are sensitive to caffeine. Diabetics and individuals with preexisting cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and/or neurologic disease who are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other stimulants should exercise caution and consult with their physician prior to consuming ED. The decision to consume ED or ES should be based upon the beverage's content of carbohydrate, caffeine, and other nutrients and a thorough understanding of the potential side effects. Indiscriminate use of ED or ES, especially if multiple servings per day are consumed or when consumed with other caffeinated beverages and/or foods, may lead to adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to provide an update to the position stand of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) integrating current literature on ED and ES in exercise, sport, and medicine. The effects of consuming these beverages on acute exercise performance, metabolism, markers of clinical health, and cognition are addressed, as well as more chronic effects when evaluating ED/ES use with exercise-related training adaptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Jagim
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
- Exercise & Sport Science, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Patrick S. Harty
- Exercise & Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
- Exercise & Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bill I. Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trisha VanDusseldorp
- Bonafede Health, LLC, JDS Therapeutics, Harrison, NY, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
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Shirai T, Myoenzono K, Kawai E, Yamauchi Y, Suzuki K, Maeda S, Takagi H, Takemasa T. Effects of maslinic acid supplementation on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in water polo athletes: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2239196. [PMID: 37498159 PMCID: PMC10375926 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2239196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive fruit is rich in bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, primarily maslinic acid (MA). Previous studies have demonstrated that MA exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; however, it is unclear whether MA intake during training inhibits perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness in athletes. This study analyzed the effects of MA supplementation during athletic training on perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over, and placebo-controlled trial involved 12 young, healthy male water polo athletes. After daily training for seven days, they ingested either olive fruit extract, containing 60 mg/day MA, or a placebo. We measured perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness during the intervention using a visual analog scale and inflammatory and oxidative stress-related proteins. RESULTS Perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness and the area under the curve during the training period were significantly lower (main effect of MA; P < 0.05) following MA supplementation than those for the placebo. MA supplementation during training lowered perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness by decreasing inflammatory factors in water polo athletes. Additionally, we examined the detailed mechanism of MA, added the participant's serum to the culture medium at a 10% concentration to determine inflammation- and oxidative stress-related intracellular signals. Skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) cultured with MA-conditioned serum before and after intervention also suppressed expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MA intake not only reduces perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness but also decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in the blood and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Myoenzono
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiskue Kawai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Budo University, Faculty of Physical Education, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keito Suzuki
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Waseda University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tokosozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Takagi
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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46
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San Atanasio SA, Maroto-Izquierdo S, Sedano S. Effects of exchange vs. controlled diet on biochemical, body composition and functional parameters in elite female soccer players. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289114. [PMID: 38011193 PMCID: PMC10681300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing level of professionalism, the high frequency of competitions, and the alarming injury rate observed in elite female soccer players, multidisciplinary strategies, including nutritional monitoring, need to be implemented. This study aimed to quantify energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes during the competitive period and to analyze the effects of two different nutritional interventions on nutritional knowledge, anthropometric data, biochemical values and physical performance. 19 elite female soccer players were randomly divided into two groups: the controlled-diet group (CG, n = 10), that followed a diet based on pre-established menus, and the exchange-diet group (EG, n = 9), that designed their own menus with an exchanged list. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the dietary intake, while an experimental randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the effects of both 12-week nutritional interventions. Total energy, CHO, PROT, fibre and micronutrients intakes were below the general recommendations for athletes while, total and saturated fat intakes were above these. Moreover, there were no differences in diet during weekdays, pre-competition and competition days. The study also revealed a low nutritional knowledge and exchanged diet has demonstrated to be a better strategy to improve this. Biochemical monitoring showed that participants presented decreased concentration of haemoglobin and controlled diet may lead to greater effects on haemoglobin concentration and in anemia prevention. Both EG and CG showed significant reduction on skinfolds sum after intervention, but no significant differences were observed in thigh and calf indices. However, no significant changes were observed in soccer-related skills for any group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Sedano
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
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la Torre ME, Monda A, Messina A, de Stefano MI, Monda V, Moscatelli F, Tafuri F, Saraiello E, Latino F, Monda M, Messina G, Polito R, Tafuri D. The Potential Role of Nutrition in Overtraining Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4916. [PMID: 38068774 PMCID: PMC10708264 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition between athletes and an increase in sporting knowledge have greatly influenced training methods while increasing the number of them more and more. As a result, the number of athletes who have increased the number and intensity of their workouts while decreasing recovery times is rising. Positive overtraining could be considered a natural and fundamental process when the result is adaptation and improved performance; however, in the absence of adequate recovery, negative overtraining could occur, causing fatigue, maladaptation, and inertia. One of the earliest forms of fatigue is overreaching. It is considered to be an accumulation of training that leads to reduced sports performance, requiring days or weeks to recover. Overreaching, if followed by adequate recovery, can lead to an increase in athletic performance. Nonetheless, if overreaching becomes extreme, combined with additional stressors, it could lead to overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS, caused by systemic inflammation, leads to central nervous system (CNS) effects, including depressed mood, further inflammation, central fatigue, and ultimately neurohormonal changes. There are therefore not only physiological, biochemical, and immunological but also psychological symptoms or markers that must be considered, independently or together, being intrinsically linked with overtraining, to fully understand OTS. However, to date, there are very few published studies that have analyzed how nutrition in its specific food aspects, if compromised during OTS, can be both etiology and consequence of the syndrome. To date, OTS has not yet been fully studied, and the topic needs further research. The purpose of this narrative review is therefore to study how a correct diet and nutrition can influence OTS in all its aspects, from prevention to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ester la Torre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Ida de Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Telematic University Pegaso, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Heracle Lab Research in Educational Neuroscience, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - Emma Saraiello
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesca Latino
- Department of Human Sciences, Telematic University Pegaso, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.l.T.); (M.I.d.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
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Fiorini S, Neri LDCL, Guglielmetti M, Pedrolini E, Tagliabue A, Quatromoni PA, Ferraris C. Nutritional counseling in athletes: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1250567. [PMID: 38053746 PMCID: PMC10694452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1250567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies report poor adherence to sports nutrition guidelines, but there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of nutrition education and behavior change interventions in athletes. Some studies among athletes demonstrate that nutrition education (NE), often wrongly confused with nutritional counseling (NC), alone is insufficient to result in behavior change. For this reason, a clear distinction between NC and NE is of paramount importance, both in terms of definition and application. NE is considered a formal process to improve a client's knowledge about food and physical activity. NC is a supportive process delivered by a qualified professional who guides the client(s) to set priorities, establish goals, and create individualized action plans to facilitate behavior change. NC and NE can be delivered both to individuals and groups. To our knowledge, the efficacy of NC provided to athletes has not been comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this study was to investigate the current evidence on the use and efficacy of nutritional counseling within athletes. A systematic literature review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. The search was carried out in: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library between November 2022 and February 2023. Inclusion criteria: recreational and elite athletes; all ages; all genders; NC strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool. The quality of evidence checking was tested with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool system. From 2,438 records identified, 10 studies were included in this review, with athletes representing different levels of competition and type of sports. The most commonly applied behavior change theory was Cognitive Behavioral Theory. NC was delivered mainly by nutrition experts. The duration of the intervention ranged from 3 weeks to 5 years. Regarding the quality of the studies, the majority of articles reached more than 3 stars and lack of adequate randomization was the domain contributing to high risk of bias. NC interventions induced positive changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary intake consequently supporting individual performance. There is evidence of a positive behavioral impact when applying NC to athletes, with positive effects of NC also in athletes with eating disorders. Additional studies of sufficient rigor (i.e., randomized controlled trials) are needed to demonstrate the benefits of NC in athletes. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022374502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fiorini
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lenycia De Cassya Lopes Neri
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Guglielmetti
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedrolini
- Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Tagliabue
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paula A. Quatromoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Eroglu MN, Rodríguez-Longobardo C, Ramírez-Adrados A, Colina-Coca C, Burgos-Postigo S, López-Torres O, Fernández-Elías VE. The Effects of 24-h Fasting on Exercise Performance and Metabolic Parameters in a Pilot Study of Female CrossFit Athletes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4841. [PMID: 38004236 PMCID: PMC10674902 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have tested intermittent fasting (IF) in athletes, but its effects on female CrossFit athletes remain relatively unexplored in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of 24-h IF on the physical performance of female CrossFit practitioners. Eleven female CrossFit athletes (age: 30.91 ± 3.42, weight: 65.26 ± 7.55 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study. The study used a crossover design with fasting and eating conditions. Participants completed an exercise test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength assessment. Hydration status, heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose, rates of perceived exertion, and hunger were measured. Results showed significant differences in blood lactate concentration (F = 5.435, p = 0.042, η2p = 0.352). Resting blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001), but post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were higher in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001). No differences were found in performance times (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this pilot study of females suggests that 24-h fasting does not impair exercise performance or negatively affect physiological parameters in CrossFit athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Nur Eroglu
- Coaching Education Department, Sports Science Faculty, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Serdivan 54050, Turkey;
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Longobardo
- Social Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Leisure Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Ramírez-Adrados
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Clara Colina-Coca
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Silvia Burgos-Postigo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Olga López-Torres
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Valentín E. Fernández-Elías
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
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50
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Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Lieponienė J, Stukas R. Association between Variation in Body Fat Mass Magnitude and Intake of Nutrients, including Carbohydrates, Fat, and B Vitamins, in a Cohort of Highly Trained Female Athletes. Foods 2023; 12:4152. [PMID: 38002209 PMCID: PMC10670790 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common sports nutrition strategies were constructed not only for maximizing musculoskeletal adaptations to exercise, but also to minimize health risks in athletes. Given the lack of research highlighting the potential effects of the intake of carbohydrates, fats, and B vitamins on body fat percentage in a population of female athletes, this study aimed to elucidate whether the intake of macronutrients and B vitamins could be associated with the variation in body fat percentage in a cohort of professional female athletes. This cross-sectional study was weighted to represent Lithuanian elite female athletes (n = 89). The dietary assessment of the female athletes was carried out using a 3-day dietary recall method. Their body composition was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. For females, the reported average intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fat were 2475 kcal/day, 5.1 g/kg/day, 1.5 g/kg/day, and 36.7%, respectively. Excess B vitamin intake was revealed, ranging within plus 1-2 standard deviations (SDs) around the mean requirements. As a consequence, excessive body fat percentage was potentially factored as a negative outcome in maintaining optimal body composition in female athletes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of a sample of female athletes revealed that, despite a slightly positive energy balance (∆ 95 kcal/day), the carbohydrate-deficient diet (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1; 0.7), along with higher intakes of vitamin B1 (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 2.6; 7.8), vitamin B2 (aOR 6.7, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3), and vitamin B3 (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4; 7.8) from food, was associated with a lower percentage of body fat. Therefore, more attention should be given to the intake of B vitamins in professional athletes with a range of body fat mass percentages for the purpose of achieving long-term goals of maintaining body composition and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baranauskas
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, State Higher Education Institution Panevėžys College, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania; (I.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, State Higher Education Institution Panevėžys College, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania; (I.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jurgita Lieponienė
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, State Higher Education Institution Panevėžys College, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania; (I.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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