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Servín Muñoz IV, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, González-Castillo C. Alterations in Proteostasis Mechanisms in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3806. [PMID: 38612616 PMCID: PMC11011983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) represents an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 150,000 live births, classified within lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol characterizes the pathophysiology of NPC. This phenomenon is not unique to NPC, as analogous accumulations have also been observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, disturbances in the folding of the mutant protein NPC1 I1061T are accompanied by the aggregation of proteins such as hyperphosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43, and β-amyloid peptide. These accumulations suggest potential disruptions in proteostasis, a regulatory process encompassing four principal mechanisms: synthesis, folding, maintenance of folding, and protein degradation. The dysregulation of these processes leads to excessive accumulation of abnormal proteins that impair cell function and trigger cytotoxicity. This comprehensive review delineates reported alterations across proteostasis mechanisms in NPC, encompassing changes in processes from synthesis to degradation. Additionally, it discusses therapeutic interventions targeting pharmacological facets of proteostasis in NPC. Noteworthy among these interventions is valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that modulates acetylation during NPC1 synthesis. In addition, various therapeutic options addressing protein folding modulation, such as abiraterone acetate, DHBP, calnexin, and arimoclomol, are examined. Additionally, treatments impeding NPC1 degradation, exemplified by bortezomib and MG132, are explored as potential strategies. This review consolidates current knowledge on proteostasis dysregulation in NPC and underscores the therapeutic landscape targeting diverse facets of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Valeria Servín Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
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Halseth TA, Correia AB, Schultz ML, Fawaz MV, Kuiper EQ, Kumaran P, Dorsey KH, Schuchman EH, Lieberman AP, Schwendeman A. Apolipoprotein-mimetic nanodiscs reduce lipid accumulation and improve liver function in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Nanomedicine 2023; 53:102705. [PMID: 37633404 PMCID: PMC10530155 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a severe lipid storage disorder caused by the diminished activity of the acid sphingomyelinase enzyme. ASMD is characterized by the accumulation of sphingomyelin in late endosomes and lysosomes leading to progressive neurological dysfunction and hepatosplenomegaly. Our objective was to investigate the utility of synthetic apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetics designed to act as lipid scavengers for the treatment of ASMD. We determined the lead peptide, 22A, could reduce sphingomyelin accumulation in ASMD patient skin fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner. Intraperitoneal administration of 22A formulated as a synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanodisc mobilized sphingomyelin from peripheral tissues into circulation and improved liver function in a mouse model of ASMD. Together, our data demonstrates that apolipoprotein mimetics could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating the pathology observed in ASMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Halseth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adele B Correia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2182 ML, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Maria V Fawaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Esmée Q Kuiper
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Preethi Kumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen Hong Dorsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Mousa H, Elrayess MA, Diboun I, Jackson SK, Zughaier SM. Metabolomics Profiling of Vitamin D Status in Relation to Dyslipidemia. Metabolites 2022; 12:771. [PMID: 36005643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global disorder associated with several chronic illnesses including dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The impact of this association with both dyslipidemia and vitamin D deficiency on metabolomics profile is not yet fully understood. This study analyses the metabolomics and lipidomic signatures in relation to vitamin D status and dyslipidemia. Metabolomics data were collected from Qatar Biobank database and categorized into four groups based on vitamin D and dyslipidemia status. Metabolomics multivariate analysis was performed using the orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) whilst linear models were used to assess the per-metabolite association with each of the four dyslipidemia/vitamin D combination groups. Our results indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the younger age group, while dyslipidemia was more prominent in the older group. A significant alteration of metabolomics profile was observed among the dyslipidemic and vitamin D deficient individuals in comparison with control groups. These modifications reflected changes in some key pathways including ceramides, diacylglycerols, hemosylceramides, lysophospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanol amines, and sphingomyelins. Vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia have a deep impact on sphingomyelins profile. The modifications were noted at the level of ceramides and are likely to propagate through downstream pathways.
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Evelina M, Roberto F, Caterina R, Federica D, Giovanni P, Vincenza G, Alberto B, Massimo S. ATHEROGENIC LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE TYPE B: WHAT TREATMENT STRATEGIES? J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thurberg BL, Diaz GA, Lachmann RH, Schiano T, Wasserstein MP, Ji AJ, Zaher A, Peterschmitt MJ. Long-term efficacy of olipudase alfa in adults with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD): Further clearance of hepatic sphingomyelin is associated with additional improvements in pro- and anti-atherogenic lipid profiles after 42 months of treatment. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:245-252. [PMID: 32620536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major site of lipoprotein synthesis and metabolism. Liver manifestations of chronic visceral ASMD include hepatomegaly, fibrosis, elevated liver enzymes and a pro-atherogenic lipid profile. Measurements of sphingomyelin (SM) levels in liver biopsies and lyso-SM in plasma were used as pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Five adult patients with chronic visceral ASMD were enrolled in a 26-week phase 1b trial of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with olipudase alfa (NCT01722526) followed by an ongoing long-term extension study (NCT02004704). We compare the changes in hepatic SM levels, plasma lyso-SM, and lipoprotein profiles after 42 months of treatment. Progressive clearance of histologic SM storage was observed throughout the trial, along with similar reductions in plasma lyso-SM. Improvements in liver enzymes were observed at 6 months and remained stable at 42 months. Progressive reductions from baseline in pro-atherogenic lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides) were observed at month 6 and 42. Conversely, there were progressive increases in anti-atherogenic markers, HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I, with HDL-C increases up to 200% over baseline levels after 42 months of treatment. These data demonstrate that hepatic clearance of SM during olipudase alfa treatment over 42 months is associated with overall improvements in the lipid profiles of ASMD patients. The clinical relevance of these findings needs to be determined in the future, but we speculate that these improvements may reduce the risk for liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease. Trial registration: Clintrials.gov trial registration # NCT01722526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Thurberg
- Department of Pathology, Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - George A Diaz
- Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas Schiano
- Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Melissa P Wasserstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Allena J Ji
- Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Atef Zaher
- Clinical Development, Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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Abstract
Monogenic dyslipidaemia is a diverse group of multisystem disorders. Patients may present to various specialities from early childhood to late in adult life, and it usually takes longer before the diagnosis is established. Increased awareness of these disorders among clinicians is imperative for early diagnosis. This best practice review provides an overview of primary dyslipidaemias, highlighting their clinical presentation, relevant biochemical and molecular tests. It also addresses the emerging role of genetics in the early diagnosis and prevention of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raashda A Sulaiman
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Schultz ML, Fawaz MV, Azaria RD, Hollon TC, Liu EA, Kunkel TJ, Halseth TA, Krus KL, Ming R, Morin EE, McLoughlin HS, Bushart DD, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, Orringer DA, Schwendeman AS, Lieberman AP. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles for the treatment of Niemann-Pick diseases. BMC Med 2019; 17:200. [PMID: 31711490 PMCID: PMC6849328 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C is a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in late endosomes and lysosomes. We sought to develop new therapeutics for this disorder by harnessing the body's endogenous cholesterol scavenging particle, high-density lipoprotein (HDL). METHODS Here we design, optimize, and define the mechanism of action of synthetic HDL (sHDL) nanoparticles. RESULTS We demonstrate a dose-dependent rescue of cholesterol storage that is sensitive to sHDL lipid and peptide composition, enabling the identification of compounds with a range of therapeutic potency. Peripheral administration of sHDL to Npc1 I1061T homozygous mice mobilizes cholesterol, reduces serum bilirubin, reduces liver macrophage size, and corrects body weight deficits. Additionally, a single intraventricular injection into adult Npc1 I1061T brains significantly reduces cholesterol storage in Purkinje neurons. Since endogenous HDL is also a carrier of sphingomyelin, we tested the same sHDL formulation in the sphingomyelin storage disease Niemann-Pick type A. Utilizing stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to detect endogenous unlabeled lipids, we show significant rescue of Niemann-Pick type A lipid storage. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data establish that sHDL nanoparticles are a potential new therapeutic avenue for Niemann-Pick diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria V Fawaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Todd C Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elaine A Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Troy A Halseth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelsey L Krus
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ran Ming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David D Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel A Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna S Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, B20-102W NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Hua L, Wu N, Zhao R, He X, Liu Q, Li X, He Z, Yu L, Yan N. Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122861. [PMID: 31212751 PMCID: PMC6627305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an important contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Our previous study demonstrated that sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) promotes ED. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can lead to ED. However, whether there is a correlation between SMS2 and ER stress is unclear. To examine their correlation and determine the detailed mechanism of this process, we constructed a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model with SMS2 overexpression. These cells were treated with 4-PBA or simvastatin and with LiCl and salinomycin alone. The results showed that SMS2 can promote the phosphorylation of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and that activation or inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can induce or block ER stress, respectively. However, inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA can decrease ER stress and ED. Furthermore, when the biosynthesis of cholesterol is inhibited by simvastatin, the reduction in intracellular cholesterol coincides with a decrease in ER stress and ED. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SMS2 can activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promote intracellular cholesterol accumulation, both of which can contribute to the induction of ER stress and finally lead to ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ruilin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xuanhong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiatian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lehan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Experiments Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Masumoto R, Kitagaki J, Matsumoto M, Miyauchi S, Fujihara C, Yamashita M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Effects of paraoxonase 1 on the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:200-209. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Masumoto
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - J. Kitagaki
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - S. Miyauchi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - C. Fujihara
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - M. Yamashita
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - S. Yamada
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Kitamura
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - S. Murakami
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control; Department of Periodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
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Li J, Xia K, Xiong M, Wang X, Yan N. Effects of sepsis on the metabolism of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in mice with liver dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5635-5640. [PMID: 29285103 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a severe inflammatory response to infection. With the spread of sepsis, various tissues, including the lungs, liver and kidney, may be damaged. This may finally develop into multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Sphingomyelin and cholesterol are two main lipids involved in sepsis. The metabolism of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in the livers of mice with sepsis needs to be clarified. To achieve this, the present study intraperitoneally injected mice with PBS, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg) and LPS + pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 30 mg/kg). Subsequently, sphingomyelin and cholesterol content were measured using kits, the sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) activity was measured using thin layer chromatography, and the expression levels of SMS1 and 2, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) were determined by western blotting in the livers of mice. Results demonstrated that, in the LPS group, sphingomyelin and cholesterol content was significantly increased (P<0.001; n=6), the SMS activity significantly enhanced (P<0.001; n=6), the expression levels of SMS2, HMGCR, ABCA1 and SR-B1 were augmented (P<0.05; n=6), and the expression of Apo A1 was decreased (P<0.05; n=6), whereas SMS1 level only slightly increased with no statistical significance (P>0.05; n=6), compared to the levels in the control group. However, PDTC was able to attenuate these alterations. These results indicated that sphingomyelin and cholesterol content may increase in the liver dysfunction of sepsis by increasing the expression of SMS2, HMGCR, SR-B1 and ABCA1, and downregulating Apo A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mingdi Xiong
- Basic Medical Experiments Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Lhomme M, Dauteuille C, Lecocq S, Chapman MJ, Rader DJ, Kontush A, Cuchel M. Paradoxical coronary artery disease in humans with hyperalphalipoproteinemia is associated with distinct differences in the high-density lipoprotein phosphosphingolipidome. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1192-1200.e3. [PMID: 28826666 PMCID: PMC10455038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in epidemiologic studies. Despite this, the directionality of this relationship and the underlying biology behind it remain to be firmly established, especially at the extremes of HDL-C levels. OBJECTIVE We investigated differences in the HDL phosphosphingolipidome in a rare population of subjects with premature CAD despite high HDL-C levels to gain insight into the association between the HDL lipidome and CAD disease status in this unusual phenotype. We sought to assess differences in HDL composition that are associated with CAD in subjects with HDL-C >90th percentile. We predicted that quantitative lipidomic analysis of HDL particles would reveal novel differences between CAD patients and healthy subjects with matched HDL-C levels. METHODS We collected plasma samples from 25 subjects with HDL-C >90th percentile and clinically manifest CAD and healthy controls with HDL-C >90th percentile and without self-reported CAD. More than 140 individual HDL phospholipid and sphingolipid species were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. RESULTS Significant reductions in HDL phosphatidylcholine (-2.41%, Q value = 0.025) and phosphatidylinositol (-10.7%, Q value = 0.047) content, as well as elevated sphingomyelin (+10.0%, Q value = 0.025) content, and sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio (+12.8%, P value = .005) were associated with CAD status in subjects with high HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS These differences may lay the groundwork for further analysis of the relationship between the HDL lipidome and disease states, as well as for the development of biomarkers of CAD status and HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICANalytics, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carolane Dauteuille
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sora Lecocq
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - M John Chapman
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Reserch (INSERM), Research Unit 1166 ICAN, Paris, France; University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France; ICAN Analytics, ICAN Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Thurberg BL, Wasserstein MP, Jones SA, Schiano TD, Cox GF, Puga AC. Clearance of Hepatic Sphingomyelin by Olipudase Alfa Is Associated With Improvement in Lipid Profiles in Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:1232-42. [PMID: 27340749 DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD; Niemann-Pick disease type A and B) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by abnormal intracellular sphingomyelin (SM) accumulation. Prominent liver involvement results in hepatomegaly, fibrosis/cirrhosis, abnormal liver chemistries, and a proatherogenic lipid profile. Olipudase alfa (recombinant human ASM) is in clinical development as an investigational enzyme replacement therapy for the non-neurological manifestations of ASMD. In a phase 1b study conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of within-patient dose escalation with olipudase alfa, measurement of SM levels in liver biopsies was used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of substrate burden. Five adult patients with non neuronopathic ASMD received escalating doses of olipudase alfa every 2 weeks for 26 weeks. Liver biopsies obtained at baseline and 26 weeks after treatment were evaluated for SM storage by histomorphometric analysis, biochemistry, and electron microscopy. Biopsies were also assessed for inflammation and fibrosis, and for the association of SM levels with liver volume, liver function tests, and lipid profiles. At baseline, SM storage present in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes ranged from 9.8% to 53.8% of the microscopic field. After 26 weeks of treatment, statistically significant reductions in SM (P<0.0001) measured by morphometry were seen in 4 patients with evaluable liver biopsies. The 26-week biopsy of the fifth patient was insufficient for morphometric quantitation. Posttreatment SM levels ranged from 1.2% to 9.5% of the microscopic field, corresponding to an 84% to 92% relative reduction from baseline. Improvements in liver volume, liver function tests, and lipid profiles were also observed. This study illustrates the utility of SM assessment by liver biopsy as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of disease burden in these patients.
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13
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Kostara CE, Tsimihodimos V, Elisaf MS, Bairaktari ET. NMR-Based Lipid Profiling of High Density Lipoprotein Particles in Healthy Subjects with Low, Normal, and Elevated HDL-Cholesterol. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1605-1616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. Kostara
- Laboratory
of Clinical Chemistry and ‡Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Laboratory
of Clinical Chemistry and ‡Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S. Elisaf
- Laboratory
of Clinical Chemistry and ‡Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni T. Bairaktari
- Laboratory
of Clinical Chemistry and ‡Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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14
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Abstract
Reconstituted forms of HDL (rHDL) are under development for infusion as a therapeutic approach to attenuate atherosclerotic vascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Currently available rHDL formulations developed for clinical use contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and one of the major lipid components of HDL, either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Recent data have established that quantitatively minor molecular constituents of HDL particles can strongly influence their anti-atherogenic functionality. Novel rHDL formulations displaying enhanced biological activities, including cellular cholesterol efflux, may therefore offer promising prospects for the development of HDL-based, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Indeed, recent structural and functional data identify phosphatidylserine as a bioactive component of HDL; the content of phosphatidylserine in HDL particles displays positive correlations with all metrics of their functionality. This review summarizes current knowledge of structure-function relationships in rHDL formulations, with a focus on phosphatidylserine and other negatively-charged phospholipids. Mechanisms potentially underlying the atheroprotective role of these lipids are discussed and their potential for the development of HDL-based therapies highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Isabelle Guillas-Baudouin
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - M John Chapman
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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15
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Siegel MO, Borkowska AG, Dubrovsky L, Roth M, Welti R, Roberts AD, Parenti DM, Simon GL, Sviridov D, Simmens S, Bukrinsky M, Fitzgerald ML. HIV infection induces structural and functional changes in high density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:19-29. [PMID: 26343868 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary artery disease is a growing clinical problem in HIV-infected subjects. The increased risk of coronary events in this population has been linked to low levels of HDL, but the effects of HIV infection and anti-retroviral treatment (ART) on HDL structure and function remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the composition and function of HDL particles isolated from ART-naive and ART-positive HIV-infected patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic profiling revealed decreased levels of paraoxonase (PON) 1 and PON 3 in HDL from HIV patients relative to HDL from uninfected controls (p < 0.0001), and PON activity of HDL from control group (0.13 ± 0.01 U/μl) was significantly higher than PON activity of HDL from HIV-infected untreated subjects (0.12 ± 0.01 U/μl, p = 0.0035), subjects treated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy (0.11 ± 0.01 U/μl, p < 0.0001), subjects treated with protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy with detectable viral load (0.11 ± 0.01 U/μl, p < 0.0001), and PI-treated patients with undetectable viral load (0.12 ± 0.01 U/μl, p = 0.0164). Lipidomic profiling uncovered a negative correlation between CD4 T cell counts and particle sphingomyelin, lyso-phosphatidylcholine and ether-linked phosphatidylserine content in the ART-naive (R(2) = 0.2611, p < 0.05; R(2) = 0.2722, p < 0.05; and R(2) = 0.3977, p < 0.05, respectively) but not treated HIV-infected subjects. Functional analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and viral load in the ART-naive HIV-infected group (R(2) = 0.26, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that HIV infection associates with a number of both protein and lipid compositional changes in HDL particles. Moreover, HIV infection affects cholesterol efflux function of HDL, thus contributing to an increased risk of atherosclerosis in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Siegel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alison G Borkowska
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larisa Dubrovsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Roth
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Afsoon D Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David M Parenti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gary L Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Samuel Simmens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Serna J, García-Seisdedos D, Alcázar A, Lasunción MÁ, Busto R, Pastor Ó. Quantitative lipidomic analysis of plasma and plasma lipoproteins using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 189:7-18. [PMID: 26004846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the plasma lipid composition is essential to clarify the specific roles of different lipid species in various pathophysiological processes. In this study, we developed an analytical strategy combining high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and off-line coupling with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) to determine the composition of plasma and major lipoproteins at two levels, lipid classes and lipid species. We confirmed the suitability of MALDI-TOF/MS as a quantitative measurement tool studying the linearity and repeatability for triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Moreover, data obtained with this method were correlated with other lipid classes and species measurements using currently available technologies. To establish the potential utility of our approach, human plasma very low density- (VLDL), low density- (LDL) and high density- (HDL) lipoproteins from 10 healthy donors were separated using ultracentrifugation, and compositions of nine lipid classes, cholesteryl esters (CE), TG, free cholesterol (FC), PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI), sulfatides (S), PC, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM), analyzed. In total, 157 lipid species in plasma, 182 in LDL, 171 in HDL, and 148 in VLDL were quantified. The lipidomic profile was consistent with known differences in lipid classes, but also revealed unexpected differences in lipid species distribution of lipoproteins, particularly for LPC and SM. In summary, the methodology developed in this study constitutes a valid approach to determine the lipidomic composition of plasma and lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Serna
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Seisdedos
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Grasko Y, Hooper AJ, Burnett JR, Watts GF. A novel missense SMPD1 gene mutation, T460P, and clinical findings in a patient with Niemann–Pick disease type B presenting to a lipid disorders clinic. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 51:615-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563214527067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Niemann–Pick disease, type B (NPD-B; OMIM 607616) is an inborn error of metabolism where reduced concentrations of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM; EC 3.1.4.12) lead to multisystem disease though with survival into adulthood. The natural history of NPD-B is one of progressive hypersplenism and gradual deterioration of pulmonary function. We describe a 46-year-old South African man of French Huguenot descent who presented to a lipid disorders clinic with mixed hyperlipidaemia. Clinical examination and imaging findings revealed the presence of massive hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial lung disease and subclinical atherosclerosis; there were no neurological or cognitive abnormalities. Laboratory testing showed thrombocytopaenia, increased liver transaminases and mild hyperbilirubinaemia. Lysosomal enzyme analysis showed markedly reduced ASM activity, suggestive of NPD. DNA sequence analysis of the SMPD1 gene revealed that he was a compound heterozygote for the previously reported c.1829_1831delGCC (ΔR608) mutation and a novel missense mutation c.1378A > C (p.T460P). In conclusion, we describe the clinical findings of a case of NPD-B with mixed hyperlipidaemia, compound heterozygous for the SMPD1 ΔR608 mutation and a novel mutation, T460P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grasko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - John R Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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18
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Lou-Bonafonte JM, Martínez-Gracia MV, Osada J. Sphingomyelin in high-density lipoproteins: structural role and biological function. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7716-41. [PMID: 23571495 PMCID: PMC3645712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are an inverse risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and sphingomyelin (SM) is the second most abundant phospholipid component and the major sphingolipid in HDL. Considering the marked presence of SM, the present review has focused on the current knowledge about this phospholipid by addressing its variable distribution among HDL lipoparticles, how they acquire this phospholipid, and the important role that SM plays in regulating their fluidity and cholesterol efflux from different cells. In addition, plasma enzymes involved in HDL metabolism such as lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase or phospholipid transfer protein are inhibited by HDL SM content. Likewise, HDL SM levels are influenced by dietary maneuvers (source of protein or fat), drugs (statins or diuretics) and modified in diseases such as diabetes, renal failure or Niemann-Pick disease. Furthermore, increased levels of HDL SM have been shown to be an inverse risk factor for coronary heart disease. The complexity of SM species, described using new lipidomic methodologies, and their distribution in different HDL particles under many experimental conditions are promising avenues for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain; E-Mail:
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain; E-Mails: (J.M.L.-B.); (M.V.M.-G.)
| | - Jose M. Lou-Bonafonte
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain; E-Mails: (J.M.L.-B.); (M.V.M.-G.)
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca E-22002, Spain
| | - María V. Martínez-Gracia
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain; E-Mails: (J.M.L.-B.); (M.V.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain; E-Mail:
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain; E-Mails: (J.M.L.-B.); (M.V.M.-G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-976-761-644; Fax: +34-976-761-612
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19
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Abstract
Plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) are small, dense, protein-rich particles compared with other lipoprotein classes; roughly half of total HDL mass is accounted for by lipid components. Phospholipids predominate in the HDL lipidome, accounting for 40-60% of total lipid, with lesser proportions of cholesteryl esters (30-40%), triglycerides (5-12%), and free cholesterol (5-10%). Lipidomic approaches have provided initial insights into the HDL lipidome with identification of over 200 individual molecular lipids species in normolipidemic HDL. Plasma HDL particles, however, reveal high levels of structural, compositional, and functional heterogeneity. Establishing direct relationships between HDL structure, composition, and atheroprotective functions bears the potential to identify clinically relevant HDL subpopulations. Furthermore, development of HDL-based therapies designed to target beneficial subspecies within the circulating HDL pool can be facilitated using this approach. HDL lipidomics can equally contribute to the identification of biomarkers of both normal and deficient HDL functionality, which may prove useful as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, numerous technical issues remain to be addressed in order to make such developments possible. With all technical questions resolved, quantitative analysis of the molecular components of the HDL lipidome will contribute to expand our knowledge of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Research Unit (UMR 939), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie 6, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
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20
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Hollak CEM, de Sonnaville ESV, Cassiman D, Linthorst GE, Groener JE, Morava E, Wevers RA, Mannens M, Aerts JMFG, Meersseman W, Akkerman E, Niezen-Koning KE, Mulder MF, Visser G, Wijburg FA, Lefeber D, Poorthuis BJHM. Acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) deficiency patients in The Netherlands and Belgium: disease spectrum and natural course in attenuated patients. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:526-33. [PMID: 22818240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a neurovisceral lysosomal storage disorder caused by acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiency, which can be categorized as either Niemann-Pick disease type A [NPD-A], with progressive neurological disease and death in early childhood, or as Niemann-Pick disease type B [NPD-B], with a more variable spectrum of manifestations. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant sphingomyelinase is currently studied as potential treatment for NPD-B patients. The objective of this study is to characterize the clinical features of patients with ASM deficiency in the Netherlands and Belgium with focus on the natural disease course of NPD-B patients. Prospective and retrospective data on ASM deficient patients were collected in The Netherlands and part of Belgium. Patients with NPD-B that could be followed prospectively were evaluated every 6-12 months for pulmonary function tests, 6 minute walk test (6 MWT), imaging (bone marrow infiltration measured by QCSI, organ volumes by MRI and CT scan of the lungs) and biochemical markers. Twenty-five patients with ASM deficiency were identified (13 males, 12 females, median age 13years, range 1-59 years). Nine patients had died at the time of the study, including four NPD-A patients at the age of 1,1, 2, 3 and five NPDB patents at the age of 5, 6, 43, 56 and 60 years. There was a high prevalence of homozygosity and compound heterozygosity for the common p.Arg608del mutation in 43% and 19% of NPD-B patients, respectively. In NPD-B patients, thrombocytopenia was present in most, while anemia and leucopenia were less common (33% and 6 % respectively). HDL cholesterol was reduced in most patients. Pulmonary disease was severe in several patients. Follow-up up to 11 years revealed a gradual decrease in platelet count. Detailed investigations in 6 NPD-B patients with follow-up in 4 patients revealed remarkable stable disease parameters up to 6 years, with some decline in pulmonary function and 6 MWT. Bone marrow fat fractions were decreased, indicating the presence of storage macrophages. Lung involvement was not related to the extent of visceromegaly, cytopenia or bone marrow involvement. In conclusion, in NPD-B patients pulmonary disease is the most debilitating feature. Disease manifestations are mostly stable in attenuated patients. Bone marrow infiltration is a less prominent feature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Abstract
Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) show an inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). As a biological trait, HDL-C is strongly genetically determined, with a heritability index ranging from 40 % to 60 %. HDL represents an appealing therapeutic target due to its beneficial pleiotropic effects in preventing CHD. This review focuses on the genetic basis of cellular cholesterol efflux, the rate-limiting step in HDL biogenesis. There are several monogenic disorders (e.g., Tangier disease, caused by mutations within ABCA1) affecting HDL biogenesis. Importantly, many disorders of cellular cholesterol homeostasis cause a reduced HDL-C. We integrate information from family studies and linkage analyses with that derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and review the recent identification of micro-RNAs (miRNA) involved in cellular cholesterol metabolism. The identification of genomic pathways related to HDL may help pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to promote cellular cholesterol efflux as a therapeutic modality to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Iatan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Lee CY, Ruel I, Denis M, Genest J, Kiss RS. Cholesterol trapping in Niemann-Pick disease type B fibroblasts can be relieved by expressing the phosphotyrosine binding domain of GULP. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 7:153-64. [PMID: 23415435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) results in accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol in late endosomes, the hallmarks of a lysosomal storage disease. OBJECTIVE We describe cellular lipid metabolism in fibroblasts from two patients with novel compound heterozygote mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene manifesting as Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPB) and demonstrate mechanisms to overcome the storage defect. METHODS Using biochemical assays and confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that accumulated lysosomal SM and cholesterol can be released by different treatments. RESULTS Defective SMase activity in these fibroblasts results in a 2.5-fold increased cellular mass of SM and cholesterol, increased de novo endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and decreased cholesterol esterification, demonstrating impaired intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Depletion of exogenous addition of cholesterol for 24 hours or addition of the cholesterol acceptor apolipoprotein A-I are sufficient to restore normal homeostatic responses. In an effort to correct the lysosomal storage phenotype of NPB, we infected the fibroblasts with a lentivirus expressing the phosphotyrosine binding domain of the adapter protein GULP (PTB-GULP). We have previously shown that expression of PTB-GULP in Chinese hamster ovary cells promotes intracellular cholesterol trafficking and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. We find that expression of PTB-GULP in NPB fibroblasts results in increased ABCA1 expression, increased cellular cholesterol efflux and lysosomal cholesterol redistribution, independent of the impaired SMase and cholesterol presence. CONCLUSION We provide extensive functional characterization of a novel compound heterozygote mutation and provide a novel functional mechanism to overcome lysosomal storage disease defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yin Lee
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tamasawa N, Takayasu S, Murakami H, Yamashita M, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Satoh K, Suda T. Reduced cellular cholesterol efflux and low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a patient with type B Niemann-Pick disease because of a novel SMPD-1 mutation. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 6:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scherer M, Böttcher A, Liebisch G. Lipid profiling of lipoproteins by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:918-24. [PMID: 21745591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are of fundamental importance for the lipid transport and cardiovascular disease. The function and metabolism of lipoproteins is intimately linked to the biophysical properties of their surface lipids. Although a number of disease associations were found for lipid species in plasma, only a few studies reported lipid profiles of lipoproteins. Here, we provide an overview of techniques for lipoprotein separation, methods for lipid species analysis based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) as well as data from recent lipidomic studies on lipoprotein fractions. We also discuss the different analytical strategies and how lipid profiling can expand our understanding of the biology and structures of lipoproteins.
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Reichel M, Beck J, Mühle C, Rotter A, Bleich S, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. Activity of Secretory Sphingomyelinase Is Increased in Plasma of Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1852-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yan N, Ding T, Dong J, Li Y, Wu M. Sphingomyelin synthase overexpression increases cholesterol accumulation and decreases cholesterol secretion in liver cells. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:46. [PMID: 21418611 PMCID: PMC3070670 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are negatively correlated with the development of atherosclerosis, whereas epidemiological studies have also shown that plasma sphingomyelin level is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. METHODS To evaluate the relationship between cellular sphingomyelin level and cholesterol metabolism, we created two cell lines that overexpressed sphingomyelin synthase 1 or 2 (SMS1 or SMS2), using the Tet-off expression system. RESULTS We found that SMS1 or SMS2 overexpression in Huh7 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, significantly increased the levels of intracellular sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I and decreased levels of apolipoprotein A-I and cholesterol in the cell culture medium, implying a defect in both processes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the manipulation of sphingomyelin synthase activity could influence the metabolism of sphingomyelin, cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianlong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Worgall TS. Sphingolipid Synthetic Pathways are Major Regulators of Lipid Homeostasis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2011; 721:139-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jenkins RW, Idkowiak-Baldys J, Simbari F, Canals D, Roddy P, Riner CD, Clarke CJ, Hannun YA. A novel mechanism of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase maturation: requirement for carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3777-88. [PMID: 21098024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) to form the bioactive lipid ceramide (Cer). Notably, aSMase exists in two forms: a zinc (Zn(2+))-independent lysosomal aSMase (L-SMase) and a Zn(2+)-dependent secreted aSMase (S-SMase) that arise from alternative trafficking of a single protein precursor. Despite extensive investigation into the maturation and trafficking of aSMase, the exact identity of mature L-SMase has remained unclear. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of aSMase maturation involving C-terminal proteolytic processing within, or in close proximity to, endolysosomes. Using two different C-terminal-tagged constructs of aSMase (V5, DsRed), we demonstrate that aSMase is processed from a 75-kDa, Zn(2+)-activated proenzyme to a mature 65 kDa, Zn(2+)-independent L-SMase. L-SMase is recognized by a polyclonal Ab to aSMase, but not by anti-V5 or anti-DsRed antibodies, suggesting that the C-terminal tag is lost during maturation. Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that mature L-SMase colocalized with the lysosomal marker LAMP1, whereas V5-aSMase localized to the Golgi secretory pathway. Moreover, V5-aSMase possessed Zn(2+)-dependent activity suggesting it may represent the common protein precursor of S-SMase and L-SMase. Importantly, the 65-kDa L-SMase, but not V5-aSMase, was sensitive to the lysosomotropic inhibitor desipramine, co-fractionated with lysosomes, and migrated at the same M(r) as partially purified human aSMase. Finally, three aSMase mutants containing C-terminal Niemann-Pick mutations (R600H, R600P, ΔR608) exhibited defective proteolytic maturation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mature L-SMase arises from C-terminal proteolytic processing of pro-aSMase and suggest that impaired C-terminal proteolysis may lead to severe defects in L-SMase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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29
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Jenkins RW, Canals D, Idkowiak-Baldys J, Simbari F, Roddy P, Perry DM, Kitatani K, Luberto C, Hannun YA. Regulated secretion of acid sphingomyelinase: implications for selectivity of ceramide formation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35706-18. [PMID: 20807762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.125609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) gene gives rise to two distinct enzymes, lysosomal sphingomyelinase (L-SMase) and secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase), via differential trafficking of a common protein precursor. However, the regulation of S-SMase and its role in cytokine-induced ceramide formation remain ill defined. To determine the role of S-SMase in cellular sphingolipid metabolism, MCF7 breast carcinoma cells stably transfected with V5-aSMase(WT) were treated with inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in S-SMase secretion and activity, coincident with selective elevations in cellular C(16)-ceramide. To establish a role for S-SMase, we utilized a mutant of aSMase (S508A) that is shown to retain L-SMase activity, but is defective in secretion. MCF7 expressing V5-aSMase(WT) exhibited increased S-SMase and L-SMase activity, as well as elevated cellular levels of specific long-chain and very long-chain ceramide species relative to vector control MCF7. Interestingly, elevated levels of only certain very long-chain ceramides were evident in V5-aSMase(S508A) MCF7. Secretion of the S508A mutant was also defective in response to IL-1β, as was the regulated generation of C(16)-ceramide. Taken together, these data support a crucial role for Ser(508) in the regulation of S-SMase secretion, and they suggest distinct metabolic roles for S-SMase and L-SMase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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30
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Alizon C, Beucher AB, Gourdier AL, Lavigne C. [Type B Niemann Pick disease: clinical description of three patients in a same family]. Rev Med Interne 2010; 31:562-5. [PMID: 20493597 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Niemann Pick disease type B is a rare deficiency in sphingomyelinase activity, autosomal recessively inherited. CASE REPORTS We report three patients (two men, one woman) of the same family, who showed pulmonary and hepatosplenic lesions, usually present in the disease but also adrenal gland lesions confirmed by tomodensitometry. CONCLUSION The current treatment of Niemann Pick disease is purely symptomatic awaiting the use of enzymatic replacement therapy which has been successfully experimented in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alizon
- Service de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France.
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31
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Kostara CE, Papathanasiou A, Cung MT, Elisaf MS, Goudevenos J, Bairaktari ET. Evaluation of established coronary heart disease on the basis of HDL and non-HDL NMR lipid profiling. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:897-911. [PMID: 20020777 DOI: 10.1021/pr900783x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A (1)H NMR-based lipid profiling approach was used to investigate the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) and examine the confounding effect of factors such as gender, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and age levels on the prediction of disease. The HDL and non-HDL lipid profiles in 47 patients with triple vessel disease (TVD) and 41 patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) both documented angiographically were generated. The presence of CHD was predicted with a sensitivity and specificity of 52% and 75% for HDL model and 78% and 80% for non-HDL, respectively. The lipid constituents of HDL lipoproteins which contributed to the separation between the two groups were the saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, total omega-3 fatty acids, degree of unsaturation, diallylic protons from polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and, to a lesser extent, the number of fatty acids, triglycerides, unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine. Respectively, for non-HDL, lipoproteins were the saturated fatty acids, number of fatty acids, cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine. Gender, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and age influenced the lipid constituents of HDL and non-HDL lipoproteins that contributed to the separation between subgroups and confounded the predictive power of the models. NMR-based lipid profiling analysis could contribute to the identification of noninvasive markers for the presence and the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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Abstract
There is renewed interest in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) due to recent findings linking atherosclerosis to the formation of dysfunctional HDL. This article focuses on the universe of HDL lipids and their potential protective or proinflammatory roles in vascular disease and insulin resistance. HDL carries a wide array of lipids including sterols, triglycerides, fat-soluble vitamins, and a large number of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and ceramide with many biological functions. Ceramide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and has many proinflammatory properties. In contrast, sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is transported mainly in HDL, has anti-inflammatory properties that may be atheroprotective and may account for some of the beneficial effects of HDL. However, the complexity of the HDL lipidome is only beginning to reveal itself. The emergence of new analytical technologies should rapidly increase our understanding of the function of HDL lipids and their role in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Mailstop 358055, 815 Mercer Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Saslowsky DE, Tanaka N, Reddy KP, Lencer WI. Ceramide activates JNK to inhibit a cAMP-gated K+ conductance and Cl- secretion in intestinal epithelia. FASEB J 2009; 23:259-70. [PMID: 18820034 PMCID: PMC2626619 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-116467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases (SMases) hydrolyze membrane sphingomyelin to ceramide and are expressed by diverse host and microbial cell types populating mucosal surfaces. Exogenous bacterial SMase acts on the basolateral membrane of polarized human intestinal epithelial cells to repress the cAMP-induced Cl(-) secretory response, but how this occurs is unknown. We show here that SMase acts by down-regulating a cAMP-gated basolateral membrane K(+) conductance. Neither phosphocholine, ceramide-1-phosphate, nor sphingosine-1-phosphate recapitulates this effect, indicating that ceramide production is the decisive factor. Basolaterally applied SMase induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibition of JNK rescued the effect of SMase on cAMP-dependant secretion. SMase secreted by normal human fibroblasts specifically recapitulated the effect on cAMP-induced Cl(-) secretion, indicating that cell types inhabiting the subepithelial space can provide such an activity to the basolateral membrane of intestinal enterocytes in trans. Thus, conversion of sphingomyelin to ceramide in basolateral membranes of intestinal cells rapidly activates JNK to inhibit a cAMP-gated K(+) conductance and thereby attenuates Cl(-) secretion. These results define a novel lipid-mediated pathway for regulation of salt and water homeostasis at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Saslowsky
- GI Cell Biology, Children's Hospital, and the Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Orchard EA, Kempson D, Lindsay DC. Niemann-Pick disease type B with severe coronary artery disease and early recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Clin Lipidol 2008; 3:57-8. [PMID: 21291790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Orchard
- Department of Cardiology, Gloucester Royal Hospital, Gloucester, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Pharmacological interference with sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes promises to provide novel ways to modulate cellular pathways relevant in multiple diseases. In this review, we focus on two sphingolipid signaling molecules, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, as they are involved in cell fate decisions (survival vs. apoptosis) and in a wide range of pathophysiological processes. For S1P, we will discuss sphingosine kinases and S1P lyase as the enzymes which are crucial for its production and degradation, respectively, emphasizing the potential therapeutic usefulness of inhibitors of these enzymes. For ceramide, we will concentrate on acid sphingomyelinase, and critically review the substantial literature which implicates this enzyme as a worthwhile target for pharmacological inhibitors. It will become clear that the task to validate these enzymes as drug targets is not finished and many questions regarding the therapeutic usefulness of their inhibitors remain unanswered. Still this approach holds promise for a number of totally new therapies, and, on the way, detailed insight into sphingolipid signaling pathways can be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Billich
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Brunnerstrasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, together with phospholipids and cholesterol are key components of membrane lipid bilayers, contribute to specialized membrane domains called rafts and function as signaling molecules. Sphingolipids have been recognized to exert a distinct role in the post-transcriptional regulation of the sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), key transcription factors of lipid synthesis. Sphingolipid synthesis is an obligate activator of SREBP. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis decreases SREBP on a post-transcriptional level. With the exception of enzymes that synthesize sphingolipids, SREBPs regulate the transcription of key enzymes that synthesize cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids. This observation suggests an exclusive role for sphingolipids in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Although exact mechanisms how sphingolipids regulate lipid metabolism are currently not known, this relationship has important implications with regard to cellular lipid homeostasis, composition of lipoproteins and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, 168 W 168 St, BB 457, New York, NY 10032, USA
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37
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Dastani Z, Ruel IL, Engert JC, Genest J, Marcil M. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase-1 (SMPD1) coding variants do not contribute to low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. BMC Med Genet 2007; 8:79. [PMID: 18088425 PMCID: PMC2241771 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Niemann-Pick disease type A and B is caused by a deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase due to mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase-1 (SMPD1) gene. In Niemann-Pick patients, SMPD1 gene defects are reported to be associated with a severe reduction in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Methods Two common coding polymorphisms in the SMPD1 gene, the G1522A (G508R) and a hexanucleotide repeat sequence within the signal peptide region, were investigated in 118 unrelated subjects of French Canadian descent with low plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol (< 5th percentile for age and gender-matched subjects). Control subjects (n = 230) had an HDL-cholesterol level > the 25th percentile. Results For G1522A the frequency of the G and A alleles were 75.2% and 24.8% respectively in controls, compared to 78.6% and 21.4% in subjects with low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.317). The frequency of 6 and 7 hexanucleotide repeats was 46.2% and 46.6% respectively in controls, compared to 45.6% and 49.1% in subjects with low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.619). Ten different haplotypes were observed in cases and controls. Overall haplotype frequencies in cases and controls were not significantly different. Conclusion These results suggest that the two common coding variants at the SMPD1 gene locus are not associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels in the French Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zari Dastani
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sphingolipids and their metabolites regulate a great variety of cellular processes. Recent findings implicate sphingolipids in the regulation of lipid synthesis, lipoprotein metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Sphingolipid synthesis correlates with the regulation of the sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins - key transcription factors of genes of lipid metabolism. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis decreases synthesis of genes regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein, such as the rate-limiting enzymes of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis as well as fatty-acyl-CoA synthases, important in the synthesis of phospholipids. In animal models, inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis correlates with decreased atherosclerotic lesions and a decreased susceptibility of lipoproteins to aggregate--a key mechanism in the development of the atherosclerotic lesion. The demonstration that ceramide and glucosylceramide (metabolites of sphingolipid synthesis) affect cholesterol efflux and mechanisms that regulate plasma high-density lipoprotein concentrations is further evidence for a role of sphingolipids in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. Direct mechanisms of how sphingolipid synthesis regulates lipid synthesis are currently unknown. The recent identification of key proteins of synthesis and specific transport proteins that regulate sphingolipid synthesis, however, is expected to contribute to the understanding about the interdependent regulation of sphingolipid and lipid metabolism. SUMMARY Emerging data strongly suggest a role of sphingolipid synthesis in the regulation of transcription factors and regulatory proteins that control cellular lipid homeostasis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The interest for the human HDL system was recently revived by the identification of the ABCA1 as a critical component in the formation and maintenance of plasma HDL levels. The present review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying HDL biogenesis pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Several novel mechanisms governing ABCA1/apoA-I interactions have recently been identified: apolipoprotein A-I activates ABCA1 phosphorylation through the cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathway; the majority of ABCA1 exists as a tetramer in human living cell, supporting the concept that the homotetrameric ABCA1 complex constitutes the minimum functional unit for the formation of nascent HDL particles; apolipoprotein A-I has been shown to have a recycling retroendocytic pathway with uptake and resecretion of the lipidated nascent HDL particles by the cell, most likely through the ABCA1 transporter pathway; there is evidence that the speciation of nascent HDL into pre-beta and alpha-HDL is linked to specific cell lines, and occurs by both ABCA1-dependent and independent pathways. SUMMARY The fundamental mechanisms underlying the biogenesis, speciation and maturation of HDL remain complex and not well understood. Understanding the mechanisms governing HDL genesis at the cellular level could provide novel insights into the human atheroprotective system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larbi Krimbou
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Subbaiah PV, Horvath P, Achar SB. Regulation of the activity and fatty acid specificity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase by sphingomyelin and its metabolites, ceramide and ceramide phosphate. Biochemistry 2006; 45:5029-38. [PMID: 16605271 PMCID: PMC1451158 DOI: 10.1021/bi0600704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM), the second most abundant phospholipid in plasma lipoproteins, was previously shown to be a physiological inhibitor of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) reaction. In this study, we investigated the effects of its metabolites, ceramide and ceramide phosphate, on the activity and fatty acid specificity of LCAT in vitro. Treatment of SM-containing substrate with SMase C, which hydrolyzes SM to ceramide, abolished the inhibitory effect of SM, whereas treatment with SMase D, which hydrolyzes it to ceramide phosphate, increased the level of inhibition. Although incorporation of ceramide into the substrate in the absence of SM activated the LCAT reaction only modestly, its co-incorporation with SM neutralized the inhibitory effect of SM. Ceramide phosphate, on the other hand, inhibited the LCAT reaction more strongly than SM. The effects of the sphingolipids on the phospholipase A and cholesterol esterification reactions of the enzyme were similar, indicating that they regulate the binding of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to the active site, rather than the esterification step. Incorporation of ceramide into the substrate stimulated the synthesis of unsaturated cholesteryl esters at the expense of saturated esters. However, these effects on fatty acid specificity disappeared when the PC substrates were incorporated into an inert diether PC matrix, suggesting that ceramide increases the availability of polyunsaturated PCs to the enzyme by altering the macromolecular structure of the substrate particle. Since the plasma ceramide levels are increased during inflammation, these results indicate that the activity and fatty acid specificity of LCAT may be altered during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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