1
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Angeles-Martinez J, Monroy-Muñoz IE, Muñoz-Medina JE, Fernandes-Matano L, Salas-Lais ÁG, Hernández-Cueto MDLÁ, Bravo-Flores E, León-Juárez M, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Montes-Herrera D. A Potential Association between Abdominal Obesity and the Efficacy of Humoral Immunity Induced by COVID-19 and by the AZD1222, Convidecia, BNT162b2, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:88. [PMID: 38250901 PMCID: PMC10819553 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is highly prevalent in Mexico and has a poor prognosis in terms of the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and low levels of antibodies induced by infection and vaccination. We evaluated the humoral immune response induced by COVID-19 and five different vaccination schedules in Mexican individuals with abdominal obesity and the effects of other variables. This prospective longitudinal cohort study included 2084 samples from 389 participants. The levels of anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies were measured at various time points after vaccination. A high prevalence of hospitalization and oxygen use was observed in individuals with abdominal obesity (AO) who had COVID-19 before vaccination; however, they also had high levels of anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD-neutralizing IgG antibodies. The same was true for vaccination-induced antibody levels. However, their longevity was low. Interestingly, we did not observe significant differences in vaccine reactogenicity between abdominally obese and abdominally non-obese groups. Finally, individuals with a higher body mass index, older age, and previous COVID-19 had higher levels of antibodies induced by COVID-19 and vaccination. Therefore, it is important to evaluate other immunological and inflammatory factors to better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the presence of risk factors and to propose effective vaccination schedules for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angeles-Martinez
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (Á.G.S.-L.); (M.D.L.Á.H.-C.)
| | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.); (L.F.-M.)
| | - Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.); (L.F.-M.)
| | - Ángel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (Á.G.S.-L.); (M.D.L.Á.H.-C.)
| | | | | | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Immunobiochemistry Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | - Daniel Montes-Herrera
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (Á.G.S.-L.); (M.D.L.Á.H.-C.)
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2
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Olvera-Collantes L, Moares N, Fernandez-Cisnal R, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Gonzalez-Garcia P, Gabucio A, Freyre-Carrillo C, Jordan-Chaves JDD, Trujillo-Soto T, Rodriguez-Martinez MP, Martin-Rubio MI, Escuer E, Rodriguez-Iglesias M, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F. Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive Multiplex Immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Response Monitorization: A Study of the Antibody Response in COVID-19 Patients with Different Clinical Profiles during the First and Second Waves in Cadiz, Spain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2997. [PMID: 38138141 PMCID: PMC10746014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a long way ahead regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, since emerging waves remain a daunting challenge to the healthcare system. For this reason, the development of new preventive tools and therapeutic strategies to deal with the disease have been necessary, among which serological assays have played a key role in the control of COVID-19 outbreaks and vaccine development. Here, we have developed and evaluated an immunoassay capable of simultaneously detecting multiple IgG antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 antigens through the use of Bio-PlexTM technology. Additionally, we have analyzed the antibody response in COVID-19 patients with different clinical profiles in Cadiz, Spain. The multiplex immunoassay presented is a high-throughput and robust immune response monitoring tool capable of concurrently detecting anti-S1, anti-NC and anti-RBD IgG antibodies in serum with a very high sensitivity (94.34-97.96%) and specificity (91.84-100%). Therefore, the immunoassay proposed herein may be a useful monitoring tool for individual humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, as well as for epidemiological surveillance. In addition, we show the values of antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens and their correlation with the different clinical profiles of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Cadiz, Spain, during the first and second waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Olvera-Collantes
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Cisnal
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan P. Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Escuer
- Jerez University Hospital, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Iglesias
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain (A.G.); (M.R.-I.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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3
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Pérez-Juárez H, Serrano-Vázquez A, Godínez-Alvarez H, González E, Rojas-Velázquez L, Moran P, Portillo-Bobadilla T, Ramiro M, Hernández E, Lau C, Martínez M, Padilla MDLÁ, Zaragoza ME, Taboada B, Palomares LA, López S, Alagón A, Arias CF, Ximénez C. Longitudinal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response in acute and convalescent patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1239700. [PMID: 37743860 PMCID: PMC10515199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1239700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite global efforts to assess the early response and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients infected with or recovered from COVID-19, our understanding of the factors affecting its dynamics remains limited. This work aimed to evaluate the early and convalescent immunity of outpatients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to determine the factors that affect the dynamics and persistence of the IgM and IgG antibody response. Seropositivity of volunteers from Mexico City and the State of Mexico, Mexico, was evaluated by ELISA using the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for 90 days, at different time points (1, 15, 45, 60, and 90 days) after molecular diagnosis (RT-qPCR). Gender, age range, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and clinical spectrum of disease were analyzed to determine associations with the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. On 90 days post-infection, individuals with moderate and asymptomatic disease presented the lowest levels of IgM, while for IgG, at the same time, the highest levels occurred with mild and moderate disease. The IgM and IgG levels were related to the clinical spectrum of disease, BMI, and the presence/absence of comorbidities through regression trees. The results suggest that the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in outpatients could be influenced by the clinical spectrum of the disease. In addition, the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be related to the clinical spectrum of the disease, BMI, and the presence/absence of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Pérez-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Estancias Posdoctorales por México-Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCyT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Serrano-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Godínez-Alvarez
- Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Enrique González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Rojas-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Moran
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Ramiro
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Lau
- Laboratorios de Análisis Clínicos e Imagenología, Biomédica de Referencia, S.A.P.I. DE C.V., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Laboratorios de Análisis Clínicos e Imagenología, Biomédica de Referencia, S.A.P.I. DE C.V., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma. de los Ángeles Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha E. Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Taboada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ximénez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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5
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Montes-Herrera D, Muñoz-Medina JE, Fernandes-Matano L, Salas-Lais AG, Hernández-Cueto MDLÁ, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Monroy-Muñoz IE, Angeles-Martínez J. Association of Obesity with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Relationship with the Humoral Response Prior to Vaccination in the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2630. [PMID: 37627889 PMCID: PMC10453006 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of contracting infections. This study aimed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection associated with obesity and to assess its role in the specific antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in 2021. This study included 980 participants from the State of Mexico who participated in a serological survey where they were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD antibodies and asked for height, weight, and previous infection data via a questionnaire. Of the cohort of 980 participants, 451 (46.02%) were seropositive at the time of recruitment (45.2% symptomatic and 54.8% asymptomatic). The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with obesity was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.51-3.16), 2.58 (95% CI: 1.63-4.09), and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.18-2.98) for seropositive, asymptomatic, and symptomatic individuals, respectively, compared to those with normal weight. Anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies tended to be higher in overweight and obese participants in the seropositive group and stratified by different obesity classes. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies and BMI in both men and women in the seropositive group. Obesity is an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection when adjusted for confounding variables; however, the relationship between BMI and anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels differed markedly in the presence or absence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montes-Herrera
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | | | | | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Javier Angeles-Martínez
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
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6
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Palomares-Monterrubio KH, Velázquez-Moreno JO, Luna-Pineda VM, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Vences-Velázquez A, Dircio-Maldonado R, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B. Seroprevalence of IgG and Subclasses against the Nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Workers. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040955. [PMID: 37112935 PMCID: PMC10141201 DOI: 10.3390/v15040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. Antibodies against this protein have been proposed for the epidemiological analysis of the seroprevalence of COVID-19 associated with natural infection by SARS-CoV-2. Health workers were one of the most exposed populations, and some had an asymptomatic form of the disease, so detecting IgG antibodies and subclasses against the N protein can help to reclassify their epidemiological status and obtain information about the effector mechanisms associated with viral elimination. METHODS In this study, we analyzed 253 serum samples collected in 2021 and derived from health workers, and evaluated the presence of total IgG and subclasses against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect ELISA. RESULTS From the analyzed samples, 42.69% were positive to anti-N IgG antibodies. A correlation between COVID-19 asymptomatic infection and IgG antibodies was observed (p = 0.006). The detected subclasses were: IgG1 (82.4%), IgG2 (75.9%), IgG3 (42.6%), and IgG4 (72.6%). CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence about the high seroprevalence of total IgG and subclasses of anti-N and their relations with the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Kenet Hisraim Palomares-Monterrubio
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Jesús Omar Velázquez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Luna-Pineda
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Roberto Dircio-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Herron TJ, Farach SM, Russo RM. COVID, the Gut, and Nutritional Implications. Curr Surg Rep 2023; 11:30-38. [PMID: 36819787 PMCID: PMC9918822 DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature, recommendations, and practice guidelines on the nutritional management of and implications associated with COVID-19 infection. Recent Findings Particular attention should be paid to the screening, prevention, and treatment of malnutrition in critically ill individuals with COVID-19 infection given the significant risk for complications and poor outcomes. Extrapolation of existing literature for the nutritional support in the critically ill patient has demonstrated early enteral nutrition is safe and well-tolerated in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Summary Futures studies should focus on the long-term nutritional outcomes for patients who have suffered COVID-19 infection, nutritional outcomes/recommendations for special populations with COVID-19, nutritional outcomes based on the current recommendations and guidelines for nutrition therapy, and the role for micronutrient supplementation in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Herron
- Division of Acute Care and Trauma Surgery, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606 USA
| | - Sandra M. Farach
- Division of Acute Care and Trauma Surgery, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606 USA
| | - Rocco M. Russo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL USA
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8
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Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Busetto L, Cederholm T, Chourdakis M, Cuerda C, Delzenne N, Genton L, Schneider S, Singer P, Boirie Y. Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2869-2886. [PMID: 34140163 PMCID: PMC8110326 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemics has created unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Among other important risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, obesity has emerged along with undernutrition-malnutrition as a strong predictor of disease risk and severity. Obesity-related excessive body fat may lead to respiratory, metabolic and immune derangements potentially favoring the onset of COVID-19 complications. In addition, patients with obesity may be at risk for loss of skeletal muscle mass, reflecting a state of hidden malnutrition with a strong negative health impact in all clinical settings. Also importantly, obesity is commonly associated with micronutrient deficiencies that directly influence immune function and infection risk. Finally, the pandemic-related lockdown, deleterious lifestyle changes and other numerous psychosocial consequences may worsen eating behaviors, sedentarity, body weight regulation, ultimately leading to further increments of obesity-associated metabolic complications with loss of skeletal muscle mass and higher non-communicable disease risk. Therefore, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies should be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients in the presence of obesity; lockdown-induced health risks should also be specifically monitored and prevented in this population. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing clinical practice guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients with obesity in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy,Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy,Corresponding author. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences and Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laurence Genton
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nice University Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Barazzoni R, Breda J, Cuerda C, Schneider S, Deutz NE, Wickramasinghe K, Abbasoglu O, Meijerink JB, Bischoff S, Pelaez RB, Cardenas D, Cederholm T, Cereda E, Chourdakis M, Toulson Davisson Correia MI, Schuren MDVD, Delzenne N, Frias-Toral E, Genton L, Cappellari GG, Cakir BK, Klek S, Krznaric Z, Laviano A, Lobo D, Muscaritoli M, Ockenga J, Pirlich M, Serlie MJM, Shi HP, Singer P, Soop M, Walrand S, Weimann A. COVID-19: Lessons on malnutrition, nutritional care and public health from the ESPEN-WHO Europe call for papers. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2858-2868. [PMID: 36075815 PMCID: PMC9365508 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With prolonged pandemic conditions, and emerging evidence but persisting low awareness of the importance of nutritional derangements, ESPEN has promoted in close collaboration with World Health Organization-Europe a call for papers on all aspects relating COVID-19 and nutrition as well as nutritional care, in the Society Journals Clinical Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. Although more COVID-related papers are being submitted and continue to be evaluated, ESPEN and WHO present the current editorial to summarize the many published findings supporting major interactions between nutritional status and COVID-19. These include 1) high risk of developing the disease and high risk of severe disease in the presence of pre-existing undernutrition (malnutrition) including micronutrient deficiencies; 2) high risk of developing malnutrition during the course of COVID-19, with substantial impact on long-term sequelae and risk of long COVID; 3) persons with obesity are also prone to develop or worsen malnutrition and its negative consequences during the course of COVID-19; 4) malnutrition screening and implementation of nutritional care may improve disease outcomes; 5) social and public health determinants contribute to the interaction between nutritional status and COVID-19, including negative impact of lockdown and social limitations on nutrition quality and nutritional status. We believe the evidence supports the need to consider COVID-19 as (also) a case of malnutrition-enhanced disease and disease-related malnutrition, with added risk for persons both with and without obesity. Similarities with many other disease conditions further support recommendations to implement standard nutritional screening and care in COVID-19 patients, and they underscore the relevance of appropriate nutritional and lifestyle prevention policies to limit infection risk and mitigate the negative health impact of acute pandemic bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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10
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Belchior-Bezerra M, Lima RS, Medeiros NI, Gomes JAS. COVID-19, obesity, and immune response 2 years after the pandemic: A timeline of scientific advances. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13496. [PMID: 35837843 PMCID: PMC9349458 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the 2 years since the COVID-19 pandemic was officially declared, science has made considerable strides in understanding the disease's pathophysiology, pharmacological treatments, immune response, and vaccination, but there is still much room for further advances, especially in comprehending its relationship with obesity. Science has not yet described the mechanisms that explain how obesity is directly associated with a poor prognosis. This paper gathers all published studies over the past 2 years that have described immune response, obesity, and COVID-19, a historical and chronological record for researchers and the general public alike. In summary, these studies describe how the cytokine/adipokine levels and inflammatory markers, such as the C-reactive protein, are associated with a higher body mass index in COVID-19-positive patients, suggesting that the inflammatory background and immune dysregulation in individuals with obesity may be expressed in the results and that adiposity may influence the immune response. The timeline presented here is a compilation of the results of 2 years of scientific inquiry, describing how the science has progressed, the principal findings, and the challenges ahead regarding SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and emerging variants, especially in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Belchior-Bezerra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Tang L, Cherry S, Tuomanen EI, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Lin CY, Allison KJ, Gowen A, Freiden P, Allen EK, Su Y, Gaur AH, Estepp JH, McGargill MA, Krammer F, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S, Wolf J. Host Predictors of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern Differ Between Infection and Vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e705-e714. [PMID: 34891165 PMCID: PMC8689782 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination there is significant variability between individuals in protective antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2, and within individuals against different virus variants. However, host demographic or clinical characteristics that predict variability in cross-reactive antibody levels are not well-described. These data could inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers on the populations most likely to require vaccine booster shots. METHODS In an institutional review board-approved prospective observational cohort study of staff at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, we identified participants with plasma samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection, after mRNA vaccination, and after vaccination following infection, and quantitated immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) from 5 important SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan Hu-1, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2). We used regression models to identify factors that contributed to cross-reactive IgG against 1 or multiple viral variants. RESULTS Following infection, a minority of the cohort generated cross-reactive antibodies, IgG antibodies that bound all tested variants. Those who did had increased disease severity, poor metabolic health, and were of a particular ancestry. Vaccination increased the levels of cross-reactive IgG levels in all populations, including immunocompromised, elderly, and persons with poor metabolic health. Younger people with a healthy weight mounted the highest responses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important new information on individual antibody responses to infection/vaccination that could inform clinicians on populations that may require follow-on immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elaine I Tuomanen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Chun Yang Lin
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim J Allison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashleigh Gowen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aditya H Gaur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremie H Estepp
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USAand
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Doke P, Gothankar JS, Doke PP, Kulkarni MM, Khalate KK, Shrivastava S, Patil JR, Arankalle VA. Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104979. [PMID: 35452812 PMCID: PMC9020493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers. METHODS Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples. RESULTS Of the 100 patients enrolled initially (median 60 days of diagnosis), follow up samples were collected from 70 patients (median 106 days of diagnosis). Overall, NAb titers reduced significantly (p < 0.001) and as early as 3-4 months. During two visits, 20% and 7.1% patients reported some symptoms. At the first visit, NAb titers were higher in patients with severe disease (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.005), age <50 years (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified older age (p < 0.001), duration post-diagnosis and female gender as independent variables influencing NAb titers (negative correlation, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, reduction in NAb titers was recorded in patients with comorbidity (p < 0.05), mild disease (p < 0.05), age <50 years (p < 0.05), higher BMI (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.001). Serology identified six cases of asymptomatic reinfections. CONCLUSIONS Decline of NAb titers was associated with age <50 years, mild disease, comorbidities, higher BMI and male gender. At the time of follow up, 8/70 (11.4%) patients lacked neutralizing antibodies. Evidence of 6 probable asymptomatic reinfections suggests waning of immunity, but, probable protection from clinical disease needing hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwa Doke
- Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshree Sachin Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Prabhakarrao Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayesh Rangrao Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya Avinash Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author
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13
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Chaves DG, de Oliveira LC, da Silva Malta MCF, de Oliveira IR, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Teixeira MM, Martins ML. Pro-inflammatory immune profile mediated by TNF and IFN-γ and regulated by IL-10 is associated to IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic blood donors. Cytokine 2022; 154:155874. [PMID: 35397248 PMCID: PMC8977499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected and killed millions of people, but little is known about the risk factors that lead to the development of severe, mild or asymptomatic conditions after infection. The individual immune response and the balance of cytokines and chemokines have been shown to be important for the prognosis of patients. Additionally, it is essential to understand how the production of specific antibodies with viral neutralizing capacity is established. In this context, this study aimed to identify positive individuals for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in a large population of blood donors (n = 7837) to establish their immune response profile and to evaluate its viral neutralization capacity. The prevalence found for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 5.6% (n = 441), with male blood donors (61.9%) being more prevalent among the positive ones. The results showed that positive individuals for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 have high serum concentrations of chemokines, TNF, IFN-γ and IL-10. The analyses showed that the positivity index for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the neutralizing capacity of the antibodies, which, in turn, is significantly related to lower serum concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL10. The results allow us to hypothesize that the development and maintenance of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infected individuals occurs in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment well regulated by IL-10 with great capacity for recruiting cells from the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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14
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Zhai B, Clarke K, Bauer DL, Moehling Geffel KK, Kupul S, Schratz LJ, Nowalk MP, McElroy AK, McLachlan JB, Zimmerman RK, Alcorn JF. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Is Associated with Age and Body Mass Index in Convalescent Outpatients. J Immunol 2022; 208:1711-1718. [PMID: 35321882 PMCID: PMC8976825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had an unprecedented global impact on human health. Understanding the Ab memory responses to infection is one tool needed to effectively control the pandemic. Among 173 outpatients who had virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we evaluated serum Ab concentrations, microneutralization activity, and enumerated SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells in convalescent human blood specimens. Serum Ab concentrations were variable, allowing for stratification of the cohort into high and low responders. Neither participant sex, the timing of blood sampling following the onset of illness, nor the number of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific B cells correlated with serum Ab concentration. Serum Ab concentration was positively associated with microneutralization activity and participant age, with participants under the age of 30 showing the lowest Ab level. These data suggest that young adult outpatients did not generate as robust Ab memory, compared with older adults. Body mass index was also positively correlated with serum Ab levels. Multivariate analyses showed that participant age and body mass index were independently associated with Ab levels. These findings have direct implications for public health policy and current vaccine efforts. Knowledge gained regarding Ab memory following infection will inform the need for vaccination in those previously infected and allow for a better approximation of population-wide protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen Clarke
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David L Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and
| | | | - Saran Kupul
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lucas J Schratz
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Zhao Z, Yang HS. Robust antibody response in children to acute COVID-19 infection and lasts for months. J Pediatr 2022; 240:310-313. [PMID: 34952665 PMCID: PMC8688797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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16
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Karachaliou M, Moncunill G, Espinosa A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Jiménez A, Vidal M, Santano R, Barrios D, Puyol L, Carreras A, Mayer L, Rubio R, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Fossati S, Rivas I, Casabonne D, Vrijheid M, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Basagaña X, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Dobaño C, Kogevinas M. Infection induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and heterogeneity of antibody responses in a general population cohort study in Catalonia Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21571. [PMID: 34732749 PMCID: PMC8566562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparse data exist on the complex natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. We applied a well-validated multiplex serology test in 5000 participants of a general population study in Catalonia in blood samples collected from end June to mid November 2020. Based on responses to fifteen isotype-antigen combinations, we detected a seroprevalence of 18.1% in adults (n = 4740), and modeled extrapolation to the general population of Catalonia indicated a 15.3% seroprevalence. Antibodies persisted up to 9 months after infection. Immune profiling of infected individuals revealed that with increasing severity of infection (asymptomatic, 1-3 symptoms, ≥ 4 symptoms, admitted to hospital/ICU), seroresponses were more robust and rich with a shift towards IgG over IgA and anti-spike over anti-nucleocapsid responses. Among seropositive participants, lower antibody levels were observed for those ≥ 60 years vs < 60 years old and smokers vs non-smokers. Overweight/obese participants vs normal weight had higher antibody levels. Adolescents (13-15 years old) (n = 260) showed a seroprevalence of 11.5%, were less likely to be tested seropositive compared to their parents and had dominant anti-spike rather than anti-nucleocapsid IgG responses. Our study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioar Rivas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-Molecular), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Shang L, Wang L, Zhou F, Li J, Liu Y, Yang S. Long-term effects of obesity on COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1678-1685. [PMID: 34499804 PMCID: PMC8589408 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for COVID‐19 prognosis. However, the long‐term effects of obesity on patients discharged from the hospital are unclear, and the present study aims to address this issue. Methods A cohort study was conducted using data from patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were discharged from Wuhan Union Hospital between February 20, 2020, and March 20, 2020. The 118 patients with COVID‐19 were divided into the non‐obesity group and the obesity group according to their body mass index (BMI). All the patients were invited to fill out a series of scales to assess cardiopulmonary function. Data on population baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest computed tomography (CT), and lung function were collected and analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations and pathological changes on CT images of obese patients were more serious after discharge than those of non‐obese patients. In addition, we found significant abnormalities in metabolic indicators such as blood lipids, uric acid, and liver function in obese patients. Most importantly, the antibody titer of COVID‐19 obese patients was inversely correlated with BMI. Conclusion In the long term, obesity affects clinical manifestations, immune function and endocrine metabolism in patients discharged after recovering from COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luorui Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Schmidt J, Berghaus S, Blessing F, Wenzel F, Herbeck H, Blessing J, Schierack P, Rödiger S, Roggenbuck D. Serological and viral genetic features of patients with COVID-19 in a selected German patient cohort-correlation with disease characteristics. GeroScience 2021; 43:2249-2264. [PMID: 34468954 PMCID: PMC8408040 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study host-virus interactions after SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, genetic virus characteristics and the ensued humoral immune response were investigated for the first time. Fifty-five SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from the early pandemic phase were followed up including serological testing and whole genome sequencing. Anti-spike and nucleocapsid protein (S/N) IgG and IgM levels were determined by screening ELISA and IgG was further characterized by reactivity to S-subunit 1 (anti-S1), S-subunit 2 (anti-S2) and anti-N. In 55 patients, 90 genetic SARS-CoV-2 changes including 48 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data showed a cluster representing a local outbreak and various family clusters. Anti-S/N and anti-N IgG were detected in 49 patients at an average of 83 days after blood collection. Anti-S/N IgM occurred significantly less frequently than IgG whereas anti-S2 was the least prevalent IgG reactivity (P < 0.05, respectively). Age and overweight were significantly associated with higher anti-S/N and anti-S1 IgG levels while age only with anti-N IgG (multiple regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + , cardiovascular and tumour disease, NSP12 Q444H and ORF3a S177I were independent predictors of clinical characteristics with anti-S/N IgM being associated with the need for hospitalization (multivariate regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody generation was mainly affected by higher age and overweight in the present cohort. COVID-19 traits were associated with genetic SARS-CoV-2 variants, anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + and concomitant disease. Anti-S/N IgM was the only antibody associated with the need for hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmidt
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Singen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | | | - Frithjof Blessing
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Singen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Folker Wenzel
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.
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De Giorgi V, West KA, Henning AN, Chen LN, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Liang J, Postnikova E, Trenbeath J, Pogue S, Scinto T, Alter HJ, Cantilena CC. Naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 immunity persists for up to 11 months following infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1294-1304. [PMID: 34089610 PMCID: PMC8195007 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizing the kinetics of the antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is of critical importance to developing strategies that may mitigate the public health burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a prospective, longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors at multiple time points over an 11-month period to determine how circulating antibody levels change over time following natural infection. Methods From April 2020 to February 2021, we enrolled 228 donors. At each study visit, subjects either donated plasma or had study samples drawn only. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 donor testing was performed using the VITROS Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Total and IgG assays and an in-house fluorescence reduction neutralization assay. Results Anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were identified in 97% of COVID-19 convalescent donors at initial presentation. In follow-up analyses, of 116 donors presenting at repeat time points, 91.4% had detectable IgG levels up to 11 months after symptom recovery, while 63% had detectable neutralizing titers; however, 25% of donors had neutralizing levels that dropped to an undetectable titer over time. Conclusions Our data suggest that immunological memory is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to 11 months after recovery. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04360278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Giorgi
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kamille A West
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda N Henning
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard N Chen
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robin Gross
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Janie Liang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joni Trenbeath
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Pogue
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tania Scinto
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harvey J Alter
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cathy Conry Cantilena
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinical Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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De Giorgi V, West KA, Henning AN, Chen L, Holbrook MR, Gross R, Liang J, Postnikova E, Trenbeath J, Pogue S, Scinto T, Alter HJ, Cantilena CC. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serology persistence over time in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33758897 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Characterizing the kinetics of the antibody response to SARS□CoV□2 is of critical importance to developing strategies that may mitigate the public health burden of COVID-19. We sought to determine how circulating antibody levels change over time following natural infection. Methods/Materials We conducted a prospective, longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors at multiple time points over a 9-month period. At each study visit, subjects either donated plasma or only had study samples drawn. In all cases, anti-SARS-CoV-2 donor testing was performed using semi-quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassays (ChLIA) targeting subunit 1 (S1) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, and an in-house fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA). Results From April to November 2020 we enrolled 202 donors, mean age 47.3 ±14.7 years, 55% female, 75% Caucasian. Most donors reported a mild clinical course (91%, n=171) without hospitalization. One hundred and five (105) (52%) donors presented for repeat visits with a median 42 (12-163) days between visits. The final visit occurred at a median 160 (53-273) days post-symptom resolution. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Ab), SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 97.5%, 91.1%, and 74% of donors respectively at initial presentation. Neutralizing Ab titers based on FRNA 50 were positively associated with mean IgG levels (p = <0.0001). Mean IgG levels and neutralizing titers were positively associated with COVID-19 severity, increased donor age and BMI (p=0.0006 and p=0.0028, p=0.0083 and p=0.0363, (p=0.0008 and p=0.0018, respectively). Over the course of repeat visits, IgG decreased in 74.1% of donors; FRNA 50 decreased in 44.4% and remained unchanged in 33.3% of repeat donors. A weak negative correlation was observed between total Ab levels and number of days post-symptom recovery (r = 0.09). Conclusion Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were identified in 97% of convalescent donors at initial presentation. In a cohort that largely did not require hospitalization. IgG and neutralizing antibodies were positively correlated with age, BMI and clinical severity, and persisted for up to 9 months post-recovery from natural infection. On repeat presentation, IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels decreased in 56% of repeat donors. Overall, these data suggest that CP donors possess a wide range of IgG and neutralizing antibody levels that are proportionally distributed across demographics, with the exception of age, BMI and clinical severity.
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21
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Yang HS, Costa V, Racine-Brzostek SE, Acker KP, Yee J, Chen Z, Karbaschi M, Zuk R, Rand S, Sukhu A, Klasse PJ, Cushing MM, Chadburn A, Zhao Z. Association of Age With SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e214302. [PMID: 33749770 PMCID: PMC7985726 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Accumulating evidence suggests that children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more likely to manifest mild symptoms and are at a lower risk of developing severe respiratory disease compared with adults. It remains unknown how the immune response in children differs from that of adolescents and adults. Objective To investigate the association of age with the quantity and quality of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used 31 426 SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results from pediatric and adult patients. Data were collected from a New York City hospital from April 9 to August 31, 2020. The semiquantitative immunoglobin (Ig) G levels were compared between 85 pediatric and 3648 adult patients. Further analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles was performed on sera from 126 patients aged 1 to 24 years. Main Outcomes and Measures SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rates and IgG levels were evaluated in patients from a wide range of age groups (1-102 years). SARS-CoV-2 IgG level, total antibody (TAb) level, surrogate neutralizing antibody (SNAb) activity, and antibody binding avidity were compared between children (aged 1-10 years), adolescents (aged 11-18 years), and young adults (aged 19-24 years). Results Among 31 426 antibody test results (19 797 [63.0%] female patients), with 1194 pediatric patients (mean [SD] age, 11.0 [5.3] years) and 30 232 adult patients (mean [SD] age, 49.2 [17.1] years), the seroprevalence in the pediatric (197 [16.5%; 95% CI, 14.4%-18.7%]) and adult (5630 [18.6%; 95% CI, 18.2%-19.1%]) patient populations was similar. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG level showed a negative correlation with age in the pediatric population (r = -0.45, P < .001) and a moderate but positive correlation with age in adults (r = 0.24, P < .001). Patients aged 19 to 30 years exhibited the lowest IgG levels (eg, aged 25-30 years vs 1-10 years: 99 [44-180] relative fluorescence units [RFU] vs 443 [188-851] RFU). In the subset cohort aged 1 to 24 years, IgG, TAb, SNAb and avidity were negatively correlated with age (eg, IgG: r = -0.51; P < .001). Children exhibited higher median (IQR) IgG levels, TAb levels, and SNAb activity compared with adolescents (eg, IgG levels: 473 [233-656] RFU vs 191 [82-349] RFU; P < .001) and young adults (eg, IgG levels: 473 [233-656] RFU vs 85 [38-150] RFU; P < .001). Adolescents also exhibited higher median (IQR) TAb levels, IgG levels, and SNAb activity than young adults (eg, TAb levels: 961 [290-2074] RFU vs 370 [125-697]; P = .006). In addition, children had higher antibody binding avidity compared with young adults, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that SARS-CoV-2 viral specific antibody response profiles are distinct in different age groups. Age-targeted strategies for disease screening and management as well as vaccine development may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- He S. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Costa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Sabrina E. Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Karen P. Acker
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jim Yee
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Sophie Rand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Sukhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P. J. Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Melissa M. Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York
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