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Mirzapour-Kouhdasht A, Lee CW, Yun H, Eun JB. Structure-function relationship of fermented skate skin gelatin-derived bioactive peptides: a peptidomics approach. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1685-1693. [PMID: 34925943 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the multi-functionality of bioactive peptides derived from fermented skate (Raja kenojei) skin gelatin hydrolysates. The extracted gelatin was hydrolyzed using a combination of food grade subtilisin and actinidin. The hydrolysates were then fractionated via ultrafiltration, and the fractions with the highest dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, and antibacterial proprieties were further purified via ion exchange, solid phase extraction, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the obtained extract revealed a direct relationship between hydrolysis time, degree of hydrolysis, and biological activities. The peptides GRPGNRGE (P1) and AKDYEVDAT (P2), with a molecular weight of 841.42 and 1010.46 Da, respectively, were identified through tandem mass spectrometry. P1 had a lower ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 0.74 and 0.69 mg.mL-1, respectively, than P2 (0.52 and 0.58 mg.mL-1, respectively). Antibacterial analysis showed similar results, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.52 and 0.46 mg.mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus (highest activity) and 1.75 and 1.44 mg.mL-1 against Klebsiella pneumonia (lowest activity) for P1 and P2, respectively. Overall, this study revealed two fish gelatin-derived multifunctional peptides, exhibiting ACE inhibitory, DPP-IV inhibitory, and antibacterial activities, as natural nutraceuticals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00998-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
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2
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Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Martins ZE, Sousa JB, Ferreira IM, Diniz C. The health-promoting potential of peptides from brewing by-products: An up-to-date review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rao M, Zumbro EL, Broughton KS, LeMieux MJ. Whey protein preload enhances the active GLP-1 response and reduces circulating glucose in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Nutr Res 2021; 92:84-98. [PMID: 34284269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Whey protein ingestion before a carbohydrate load attenuates blood glucose. For our exploratory, case-control study design, we hypothesized that 35 g whey protein isolate (WPI) preloading would increase postprandial incretins and reduce hyperglycemia in women with PCOS. Twenty-nine age-matched women (PCO = 14 and CON = 15) completed oral glycemic tolerance tests (OGTT) following baseline (Day 0) as well as 35 g WPI acute (Day 1) and short-term supplementation (Day 7). Eight venous samples were collected during each test for quantification of glucose, and enteropancreatic hormones and to calculate area under the curve (AUC). Data was analyzed via repeated measures ANCOVA with significance set at P< .05. "Day x time x group" significantly influenced glucose (P = .01) and insulin changes (P = .03). In both groups, AUCglu were significantly lower on Day 7 than Day 0 (P< .05). Postprandial glucose excursions were lower on Days 1 and 7 than Day 0 in PCO and CON. Both, PCO and CON exhibited greater insulin changes on Days 1 and 7 compared to Day 0 (P< .05). AUCglucagon were higher on Days 1 and 7 than on Day 0 (P< .05). Changes in active GLP-1 were higher on Day 1 than Day 0 (P= .03). Overall, we showed that WPI preloading augmented insulin release and consequently lowered circulating glucose in women with and without PCOS. This insulinogenic effect can be attributed to enhanced active GLP-1 levels. We concluded that the incretin-mimetic effect of WPI may aid women with PCOS in achieving glycemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Rao
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Zumbro
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | | | - Monique J LeMieux
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
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Mirzapour-Kouhdasht A, Moosavi-Nasab M, Lee CW, Yun H, Eun JB. Structure-function engineering of novel fish gelatin-derived multifunctional peptides using high-resolution peptidomics and bioinformatics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7401. [PMID: 33795773 PMCID: PMC8016831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional properties of fish gelatin hydrolysates have not been completely elucidated. Here, the biological characterization of these peptides was performed to engineer multifunctional peptides. Bioactive peptides were produced from mackerel byproducts via successive enzymatic hydrolysis reactions using subtilisin A and actinidin as microbial and herbal proteases. The antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and -positive food-borne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the inhibitory potential of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), was accessed in vitro. The synthesized peptides demonstrated multifunctional properties, which were further confirmed by in silico protocols. The ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory (IC50) values of P1, P2, and P3 were 0.92 and 0.87, 0.51 and 0.93, 0.78 and 1.16 mg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, the binding energy was sufficient for all three peptides to inhibit both ACE and DPP-IV enzymes with excellent three-dimensional conformation (RMSD = 0.000) for all six docking mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Chirinos R, Cerna E, Pedreschi R, Calsin M, Aguilar‐Galvez A, Campos D. Multifunctional in vitro bioactive properties: Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive of protein hydrolyzates from tarwi (
Lupinus mutabilis
Sweet) obtained by enzymatic biotransformation. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Elisabeth Cerna
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Quillota Chile
| | - Marienela Calsin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno Peru
| | - Ana Aguilar‐Galvez
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
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Kęska P, Stadnik J, Bąk O, Borowski P. Meat Proteins as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors and Glucose Uptake Stimulating Peptides for the Management of a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Silico Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102537. [PMID: 31640215 PMCID: PMC6836043 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease entity currently constituting one of the most significant health problems. The development of effective therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes mellitus based on the selection of methods to restore and maintain blood glucose homeostasis is still in progress. Among the different courses of action, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) can improve blood glucose control in diabetic patients. Pharmacological therapy offering synthetic drugs is commonly used. In addition to medication, dietary intervention may be effective in combating metabolic disturbances caused by diabetes mellitus. Food proteins as a source of biologically active sequences are a potential source of anti-diabetic peptides (DPP-IV inhibitors and glucose uptake stimulating peptides). This study showed that in silico pork meat proteins digested with gastrointestinal enzymes are a potential source of bioactive peptides with a high potential to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis revealed that the sequences released during in silico digestion were small dipeptides (with an average weight of 270.07 g mol-1), and most were poorly soluble in water. The selected electron properties of the peptides with the highest bioactivity index (i.e., GF, MW, MF, PF, PW) were described using the DFT method. The contribution of hydrophobic amino acids, in particular Phe and Trp, in forming the anti-diabetic properties of peptides released from pork meat was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kęska
- Department of Animal Raw Materials Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Stadnik
- Department of Animal Raw Materials Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Olga Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 3 Marie Curie-Sklodowska Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Borowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 3 Marie Curie-Sklodowska Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Q. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - P. Strappe
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - W. T. Shang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Z. K. Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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8
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Mojica L, Luna-Vital DA, González de Mejía E. Characterization of peptides from common bean protein isolates and their potential to inhibit markers of type-2 diabetes, hypertension and oxidative stress. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2401-2410. [PMID: 27664971 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are diseases affecting a high proportion of the world population; the use of food-based products such as common bean peptides may contribute to reduce the risk of complications associated to chronic diseases. The aim was to produce and characterize peptides from common bean protein isolates and evaluate their potential to inhibit markers of type-2 diabetes, hypertension and oxidative stress. RESULTS Mexican black and Brazilian Carioca bean isolated proteins were characterized after pepsin/pancreatin digestion. Also, four synthesized pure peptides, originally found in these beans, were evaluated. Bean protein digests and pure peptides exerted dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition (IC50 = 0.03-0.87 mg dry weight (DW) mL-1 ). Lineweaver-Burk plots and computational modeling showed competitive inhibition of DPP-IV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition ranged from IC50 = 0.09 to 0.99 mg DW mL-1 , and α-glucosidase inhibition ranged from 36.3 to 50.1% mg-1 DW. Carioca Perola bean digested proteins presented the highest antioxidant capacity (269.3 mmol L-1 Trolox equivalent g-1 DW) as the peptide KTYGL (P > 0.05) with the most potent DPP-IV and ACE inhibition. CONCLUSION Peptides from common bean have antidiabetic and antihypertensive potential regardless of their antioxidant capacity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C., CIATEJ, Guadalajara, 44270, México
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro, 76010, Mexico
| | - Elvira González de Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML Bldg, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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9
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Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to a number of health complications including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies to treat obesity are urgently needed. Research over the past two decades has increased substantially our knowledge of central and peripheral mechanisms underlying homeostatic energy balance. Homeostatic mechanisms involve multiple components including neuronal circuits, some originating in hypothalamus and brain stem, as well as peripherally-derived satiety, hunger and adiposity signals that modulate neural activity and regulate eating behavior. Dysregulation of one or more of these homeostatic components results in obesity. Coincident with obesity, reward mechanisms that regulate hedonic aspects of food intake override the homeostatic regulation of eating. In addition to functional interactions between homeostatic and reward systems in the regulation of food intake, homeostatic signals have the ability to alter vulnerability to drug abuse. Regarding the treatment of obesity, pharmacological monotherapies primarily focus on a single protein target. FDA-approved monotherapy options include phentermine (Adipex-P®), orlistat (Xenical®), lorcaserin (Belviq®) and liraglutide (Saxenda®). However, monotherapies have limited efficacy, in part due to the recruitment of alternate and counter-regulatory pathways. Consequently, a multi-target approach may provide greater benefit. Recently, two combination products have been approved by the FDA to treat obesity, including phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia®) and naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave®). The current review provides an overview of homeostatic and reward mechanisms that regulate energy balance, potential therapeutic targets for obesity and current treatment options, including some candidate therapeutics in clinical development. Finally, challenges in anti-obesity drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Almario RU, Buchan WM, Rocke DM, Karakas SE. Glucose-lowering effect of whey protein depends upon clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5:e000420. [PMID: 28761664 PMCID: PMC5530249 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whey protein (WP) intake has been shown to reduce postprandial glycemia. Majority of WP research in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) involved acute challenge or weight loss studies. It is not known if WP supplementation can provide sustained glucose lowering. Our goal was to investigate the effects of WP on glycemia comprehensively by using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) while avoiding the confounding effects of variable food intake through controlled feeding. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This double-blinded and placebo (PL)-controlled study included 22 patients with T2DM patients (11 male, 11 female; age 57.1±12.6 years) on diet or metformin monotherapy. First, one serving (21 g) of WP was compared with PL in parallel-armed acute challenge studies. Next, in a crossover design, each patient underwent CGM twice, over 2 consecutive weeks, 3.5 days each week. Identical diets were provided by the study during both CGM periods. During the first CGM, one serving of either WP or PL was consumed before breakfast and another before dinner. During the second CGM, participants switched to the alternate supplement. Order of the supplements was randomized. RESULTS During acute challenge studies, WP stimulated insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion; suppressed ghrelin (all p<0.05), while PL had no effect. During CGM, glucose response to WP varied depending on the baseline characteristics of the patients. When evaluated using linear regression, the most predictive baseline variables were body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0006), triglycerides (p=8.3×10-5) and GLP-1 (p=0.006). Lower BMI, triglyceride and GLP-1 predicted decreased glucose levels on WP. Obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting GLP-1 concentrations predicted increased glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Effects of WP supplementation on glycemia in T2DM depend on the baseline characteristics. Lower body weight, normal triglyceride and lower GLP-1 levels predict glucose lowering. In contrast, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and high baseline GLP-1 predict increased glucose response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio U Almario
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University Of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Wendy M Buchan
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Sacramento, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David M Rocke
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sidika E Karakas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University Of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
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11
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Peptides 2016; 79:1-7. [PMID: 26988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure activity type models were developed in an attempt to predict the key features of peptide sequences having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. The models were then employed to help predict the potential of peptides, which are currently reported in the literature to be present in the intestinal tract of humans following milk/dairy product ingestion, to act as inhibitors of DPP-IV. Two models (z- and v-scale) for short (2-5 amino acid residues) bovine milk peptides, behaving as competitive inhibitors of DPP-IV, were developed. The z- and the v-scale models (p<0.05, R(2) of 0.829 and 0.815, respectively) were then applied to 56 milk protein-derived peptides previously reported in the literature to be found in the intestinal tract of humans which possessed a structural feature of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (P at the N2 position). Ten of these peptides were synthetized and tested for their in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties. There was no agreement between the predicted and experimentally determined DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the competitive peptide inhibitors. However, the ranking for DPP-IV inhibitory potency of the competitive peptide inhibitors was conserved. Furthermore, potent in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity was observed with two peptides, LPVPQ (IC50=43.8±8.8μM) and IPM (IC50=69.5±8.7μM). Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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12
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Horner K, Drummond E, Brennan L. Bioavailability of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides: a glycaemic management perspective. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:91-101. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMilk protein-derived peptides have been reported to have potential benefits for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, what the active components are and whether intact peptides exert this bioactivity has received little investigation in human subjects. Furthermore, potentially useful bioactive peptides can be limited by low bioavailability. Various peptides have been identified in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream after milk-protein ingestion, providing valuable insights into their potential bioavailability. However, these studies are currently limited and the structure and sequence of milk peptides exerting bioactivity for glycaemic management has received little investigation in human subjects. The present article reviews the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides in human studies to date, and examines the evidence on milk proteins and glycaemic management, including potential mechanisms of action. Areas in need of advancement are identified. Only by establishing the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides, the active components and the mechanistic pathways involved can the benefits of milk proteins for the prevention or management of type 2 diabetes be fully realised in future.
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13
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Gillespie AL, Green BD. The bioactive effects of casein proteins on enteroendocrine cell health, proliferation and incretin hormone secretion. Food Chem 2016; 211:148-59. [PMID: 27283618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that casein exerts various anti-diabetic effects. However, it is not known which casein proteins are bioactive, nor their effects on enteroendocrine cells. This study evaluated the effects of intact whole casein, intact individual proteins (alpha, beta and kappa casein) and hydrolysates on an enteroendocrine cell line. High content analysis accurately monitored changes in cell health and intracellular glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) content. Cheese ripening duration and GLP-1 secretory responses were also considered. Beta casein significantly stimulated enteroendocrine cell proliferation and all caseins were potent GLP-1 secretagogues (except kappa casein). Interestingly the GLP-1 secretory activity was almost always lost or significantly reduced upon hydrolysis with proteolytic enzymes. Only pepsin-derived beta casein hydrolysates had significantly increased potency compared with the intact protein, but this was diminished with prolonged hydrolysis. In conclusion casein proteins are not detrimental to enteroendocrine cells, and alpha and beta casein are particularly beneficial stimulating proliferation and GLP-1 secretion.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anorexia is a preserved evolutionally response that may be beneficial during acute illness. Yet current clinical practice guidelines recommend early and targeted enteral nutritional support. However, the optimal timing of the initiation of enteral nutrition and the caloric and protein requirements of critically ill patients is controversial. RECENT FINDINGS Starvation promotes autophagy and this may play a key role in promoting host defenses and the immune response to intracellular pathogens. Because of the perceived benefits of early enteral nutrition and the lack of clinical equipoise, randomized controlled trials comparing short-term starvation to targeted normocaloric enteral nutrition have until recently not been performed. The results of the recently reported PYTHON trial (Pancreatitis, Very Early Compared with Selective Delayed Start of Enteral Feeding) dispel the notion that short-term starvation is harmful. Furthermore, six recent randomized controlled trials that compared trophic and permissive underfeeding to normocaloric goals, failed to demonstrate any outcome benefit from the more aggressive approach. In addition, recent evidence suggests that intermittent enteral nutation may be preferable to continuous tube feeding. SUMMARY Limiting nutrient intake during the first 48-72 h of acute illness may be beneficial; in those patients who are unable to resume an oral diet after this time period intermittent enteral nutrition targeting 20-25 cal/kg/day is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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15
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Power-Grant O, Bruen C, Brennan L, Giblin L, Jakeman P, FitzGerald RJ. In vitro bioactive properties of intact and enzymatically hydrolysed whey protein: targeting the enteroinsular axis. Food Funct 2016; 6:972-80. [PMID: 25666373 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically hydrolysed milk proteins have a variety of biofunctional effects some of which may be beneficial in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercially available intact and hydrolysed whey protein ingredients (DH 32, DH 45) on markers of the enteroinsular axis (glucagon like peptide-1 secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition, insulin secretion and antioxidant activity) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). A whey protein hydrolysate, DH32, significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) insulin secretion from BRIN BD11 β-cells compared to the positive control (16.7 mM glucose and 10 mM Ala). The whey protein hydrolysates inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity, yielding half maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mg mL(-1) for the DH 32 and DH 45, samples respectively, and were significantly more potent than the intact whey (P < 0.05). Enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) its antioxidant activity compared to intact whey, as measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC). This antioxidant activity was maintained (DH 32, P > 0.05) or enhanced (DH 45, P < 0.05) following SGID. Intact whey stimulated GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine cells compared to vehicle control (P < 0.05). This data confirm that whey proteins and peptides can act through multiple targets within the enteroinsular axis and as such may have glucoregulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Power-Grant
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Mignone LE, Wu T, Horowitz M, Rayner CK. Whey protein: The “whey” forward for treatment of type 2 diabetes? World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1274-1284. [PMID: 26516411 PMCID: PMC4620107 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i14.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective nutritional approach to improve postprandial glycaemia is attractive considering the rising burden of diabetes throughout the world. Whey protein, a by-product of the cheese-making process, can be used to manipulate gut function in order to slow gastric emptying and stimulate incretin hormone secretion, thereby attenuating postprandial glycaemic excursions. The function of the gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, particularly during the postprandial period, and this review will discuss the mechanisms by which whey protein slows gastric emptying and stimulates release of gut peptides, including the incretins. Whey protein is also a rich source of amino acids, and these can directly stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin, which contributes to the reduction in postprandial glycaemia. Appetite is suppressed with consumption of whey, due to its effects on the gut-brain axis and the hypothalamus. These properties of whey protein suggest its potential in the management of type 2 diabetes. However, the optimal dose and timing of whey protein ingestion are yet to be defined, and studies are required to examine the long-term benefits of whey consumption for overall glycaemic control.
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Tulipano G, Faggi L, Nardone A, Cocchi D, Caroli AM. Characterisation of the potential of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin as sources of bioactive peptides affecting incretin function: In silico and in vitro comparative studies. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Patil P, Mandal S, Tomar SK, Anand S. Food protein-derived bioactive peptides in management of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2015; 54:863-80. [PMID: 26154777 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D), one of the major common human health problems, is growing at an alarming rate around the globe. Alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzymes play a significant role in development of T2D. Hence, reduction or inhibition of their activity can be one of the important strategies in management of T2D. Studies in the field of bioactive peptides have shown that dietary proteins could be natural source of alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of food protein-derived peptides as potential inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV with major focus on milk proteins. METHODS Efforts have been made to review the available information in literature on the relationship between food protein-derived peptides and T2D. This review summarizes the current data on alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory bioactive peptides derived from proteins and examines the potential value of these peptides in the treatment and prevention of T2D. In addition, the proposed modes of inhibition of peptide inhibitors are also discussed. RESULTS Studies revealed that milk and other food proteins-derived bioactive peptides play a vital role in controlling T2D through several mechanisms, such as the satiety response, regulation of incretin hormones, insulinemia levels, and reducing the activity of carbohydrate degrading digestive enzymes. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive peptides could be used in prevention and management of T2D through functional foods or nutraceutical supplements. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate the findings of in vitro studies and to confirm the efficiency of these peptides for applications.
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Marik PE. Feeding critically ill patients the right 'whey': thinking outside of the box. A personal view. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:51. [PMID: 26055186 PMCID: PMC4460184 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophy of skeletal muscle mass is an almost universal problem in survivors of critical illness and is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. Contrary to common practice, the provision of protein/amino acids as a continuous infusion significantly limits protein synthesis whereas intermittent feeding maximally stimulates skeletal muscle synthesis. Furthermore, whey-based protein (high in leucine) increases muscle synthesis compared to soy or casein-based protein. In addition to its adverse effects on skeletal muscle synthesis, continuous feeding is unphysiological and has adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal function. I propose that critically ill patients' be fed intermittently with a whey-based formula and that such an approach is likely to be associated with better glycemic control, less hepatic steatosis and greater preservation of muscle mass. This paper provides the scientific basis for my approach to intermittent feeding of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Av, Suite 410, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA,
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Gillespie AL, Calderwood D, Hobson L, Green BD. Whey proteins have beneficial effects on intestinal enteroendocrine cells stimulating cell growth and increasing the production and secretion of incretin hormones. Food Chem 2015; 189:120-8. [PMID: 26190610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein has been indicated to curb diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here the effects of intact crude whey, intact individual whey proteins and beta-lactoglobulin hydrolysates on an enteroendocrine (EE) cell model were examined. STC-1 pGIP/neo cells were incubated with several concentrations of yogurt whey (YW), cheese whey (CW), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The findings demonstrate that BLG stimulates EE cell proliferation, and also GLP-1 secretion (an effect which is lost following hydrolysis with chymotrypsin or trypsin). ALA is a highly potent GLP-1 secretagogue which also increases the intracellular levels of GLP-1. Conversely, whey proteins and hydrolysates had little impact on GIP secretion. This appears to be the first investigation of the effects of the three major proteins of YW and CW on EE cells. The anti-diabetic potential of whey proteins should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gillespie
- Advanced ASSET Centre, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Danielle Calderwood
- Advanced ASSET Centre, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hobson
- Advanced ASSET Centre, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D Green
- Advanced ASSET Centre, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
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McAllan L, Speakman JR, Cryan JF, Nilaweera KN. Whey protein isolate decreases murine stomach weight and intestinal length and alters the expression of Wnt signalling-associated genes. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:372-9. [PMID: 25582423 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the underlying mechanisms by which whey protein isolate (WPI) affects energy balance. C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing 10% energy from fat, 70% energy from carbohydrate (35% energy from sucrose) and 20% energy from casein or WPI for 15 weeks. Mice fed with WPI had reduced weight gain, cumulative energy intake and dark-phase VO2 compared with casein-fed mice (P< 0.05); however, WPI intake had no significant effects on body composition, meal size/number, water intake or RER. Plasma levels of insulin, TAG, leptin, glucose and glucagon-like peptide 1 remained unchanged. Notably, the intake of WPI reduced stomach weight and both length and weight of the small intestine (P< 0.05). WPI intake reduced the gastric expression of Wingless/int-1 5a (Wnt5a) (P< 0.01) and frizzled 4 (Fzd4) (P< 0.01), with no change in the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) and LDL receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5). In the ileum, WPI increased the mRNA expression of Wnt5a (P< 0.01) and caused a trend towards an increase in the expression of Fzd4 (P= 0.094), with no change in the expression of Ror2 and Lrp5. These genes were unresponsive in the duodenum. Among the nutrient-responsive genes, WPI specifically reduced ileal mRNA expression of peptide YY (P< 0.01) and fatty acid transporter protein 4 (P< 0.05), and decreased duodenal mRNA expression of the insulin receptor (P= 0.05), with a trend towards a decreased expression of Na-glucose co-transporter 1 (P= 0.07). The effects of WPI on gastrointestinal Wnt signalling may explain how this protein affects gastrointestinal structure and function and, in turn, energy intake and balance.
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Utilisation of the isobole methodology to study dietary peptide-drug and peptide-peptide interactive effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition. Food Funct 2014; 6:313-20. [PMID: 25477187 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is used as a means to regulate post-prandial serum glucose in type 2 diabetics. The effect of drug (Sitagliptin®)/peptide and binary peptide mixtures on DPP-IV inhibition was studied using an isobole approach. Five peptides (Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr, Trp-Lys, Trp-Pro, Trp-Arg and Trp-Leu), having DPP-IV half maximum inhibitory concentration values (IC₅₀)<60 μM and reported to act through different inhibition mechanisms, were investigated. The dose response relationship of Sitagliptin : peptide (1:0, 0:1, 1:852, 1:426 and 1:1704 on a molar basis) and binary Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr : peptide (1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 on a molar basis) mixtures for DPP-IV inhibition was characterised. Isobolographic analysis showed, in most instances, an additive effect on DPP-IV inhibition. However, a synergistic effect was observed with two Sitagliptin:Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr (1:426 and 1:852) mixtures and an antagonistic effect was seen with one Sitagliptin : Trp-Pro (1:852) mixture, and three binary peptide mixtures (Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr : Trp-Lys (1:1 and 2:1) and Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr:Trp-Leu (1:2)). The results show that Sitagliptin and food protein-derived peptides can interact, thereby enhancing overall DPP-IV inhibition. Combination of Sitagliptin with food protein-derived peptides may help in reducing drug dosage and possible associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
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Nongonierma AB, Mooney C, Shields DC, FitzGerald RJ. In silico approaches to predict the potential of milk protein-derived peptides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Peptides 2014; 57:43-51. [PMID: 24793774 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular docking of a library of all 8000 possible tripeptides to the active site of DPP-IV was used to determine their binding potential. A number of tripeptides were selected for experimental testing, however, there was no direct correlation between the Vina score and their in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties. While Trp-Trp-Trp, the peptide with the best docking score, was a moderate DPP-IV inhibitor (IC50 216μM), Lineweaver and Burk analysis revealed its action to be non-competitive. This suggested that it may not bind to the active site of DPP-IV as assumed in the docking prediction. Furthermore, there was no significant link between DPP-IV inhibition and the physicochemical properties of the peptides (molecular mass, hydrophobicity, hydrophobic moment (μH), isoelectric point (pI) and charge). LIGPLOTs indicated that competitive inhibitory peptides were predicted to have both hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of DPP-IV. DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr). Two of the potent DPP-IV inhibitors, Ile-Pro-Ile and Trp-Pro (IC50 values of 3.5 and 44.2μM, respectively), were predicted to be gastrointestinally/intestinally stable. This work highlights the needs to test the assumptions (i.e. competitive binding) of any integrated strategy of computational and experimental screening, in optimizing screening. Future strategies targeting allosteric mechanisms may need to rely more on structure-activity relationship modeling, rather than on docking, in computationally selecting peptides for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Catherine Mooney
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Denis C Shields
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
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Kopf-bolanz KA, Schwander F, Gijs M, Vergères G, Portmann R, Egger L. Impact of milk processing on the generation of peptides during digestion. Int Dairy J 2014; 35:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Connolly A, Piggott CO, FitzGerald RJ. In vitro α-glucosidase, angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory properties of brewers' spent grain protein hydrolysates. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This article reviews the clinical efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes literature on the first once weekly treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exenatide extended-release (ER). METHODS Relevant literature on exenatide ER and T2DM was identified through PubMed database searches from inception until April 2014. RESULTS Exenatide ER is the first medication for the treatment of T2DM dosed on a weekly schedule. Exenatide ER is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, the third to be approved in the US, and is associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia, may result in weight loss, and has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for T2DM. Exenatide ER reduces A1c levels by decreasing fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. The most common adverse events are gastrointestinal in nature, which are lesser in frequency than those observed with short-acting exenatide. Exenatide ER has been shown to be more effective than exenatide twice daily and slightly less efficacious than liraglutide. Exenatide ER is useful as monotherapy and in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION Once weekly treatment options for diabetes such as exenatide ER have the potential to offer substantial convenience for patients who have high medication burden and poor medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Raskin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Philip Raskin, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA, Tel +1 214 648 2017, Fax +1 214 648 4854, Email
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Lacroix IME, Li-Chan ECY. Investigation of the Putative Associations Between Dairy Consumption and Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:411-32. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.587039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory properties of a whey protein hydrolysate: Influence of fractionation, stability to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and food–drug interaction. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory and antioxidative properties of milk protein-derived dipeptides and hydrolysates. Peptides 2013; 39:157-63. [PMID: 23219487 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selected synthetic dipeptides and milk protein hydrolysates were evaluated for their dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory properties, and their superoxide (SO) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. DPP-IV inhibition was seen with eight out of the twelve dipeptides and 5 of the twelve hydrolysates studied. Trp-Val inhibited DPP-IV, however, inhibition was not observed with the reverse peptide Val-Trp. The most potent hydrolysate inhibitors were generated from casein (CasH2) and lactoferrin (LFH1). Two Trp containing dipeptides, Trp-Val and Val-Trp, and three lactoferrin hydrolysates scavenged DPPH. The dipeptides had higher SO EC(50) values compared to the milk protein hydrolysates (arising from three lactoferrin and one whey protein hydrolysates). Higher molecular mass fractions of the milk protein hydrolysates were associated with the SO scavenging activity. Trp-Val and one lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH1) were multifunctional displaying both DPP-IV inhibitory and antioxidant (SO and DPPH scavenging) activities. These compounds may have potential as dietary ingredients in the management of type 2 diabetes by virtue of their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to extend the half-life of incretin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Tulipano G, Cocchi D, Caroli AM. Comparison of goat and sheep β-lactoglobulin to bovine β-lactoglobulin as potential source of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as its impact on public health has garnered increased attention in recent years. As a result, metabolic syndrome is now considered one of the world's leading public health problems. Bioactive peptides deriving from milk proteins may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its complications via several mechanisms, such as the satiety response, the regulation of insulinemia levels and blood pressure, the uptake of free radicals, and alteration of the lipid profile. These peptides can be incorporated into functional foods or administered via nutraceuticals to decrease the risk of obesity, atherogenesis, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings have generated considerable scientific and commercial interest in milk-derived bioactive peptides, leading to numerous publications on the effectiveness of these substances. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and examines the potential value of these peptides in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ricci-Cabello
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Bruen CM, O'Halloran F, Cashman KD, Giblin L. The effects of food components on hormonal signalling in gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells. Food Funct 2012; 3:1131-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tulipano G, Sibilia V, Caroli AM, Cocchi D. Whey proteins as source of dipeptidyl dipeptidase IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors. Peptides 2011; 32:835-8. [PMID: 21256171 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that whey proteins can reduce postprandial glucose levels and stimulate insulin release in healthy subjects and in subjects with type 2 diabetes by reducing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in the proximal bowel and hence increasing intact incretin levels. Our aim was to identify DPP-4 inhibitors among short peptides occurring in hydrolysates of β-lactoglobulin, the major whey protein found in the milk of ruminants. We proved that the bioactive peptide Ile-Pro-Ala can be regarded as a moderate DPP-4 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exenatide improves postprandial glycemic excursions in type 2 diabetes. Exenatide could benefit type 1 diabetes as well. We aimed to determine an effective and safe glucose-lowering adjuvant exenatide dose in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight subjects completed a three-part double-blinded randomized controlled study of premeal exenatide. Two doses of exenatide (1.25 and 2.5 microg) were compared with insulin monotherapy. Prandial insulin dose was reduced by 20%. Gastric emptying and hormones were analyzed for 300 min postmeal. RESULTS Treatment with both doses of exenatide versus insulin monotherapy significantly reduced glucose excursions over 300 min (P < 0.0001). Exenatide administration failed to suppress glucagon but delayed gastric emptying (P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive exenatide therapy reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This reduction in glucose excursion occurs despite reduction in insulin dose. We suggest that exenatide has therapeutic potential as adjunctive therapy in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S Raman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Petersen BL, Ward LS, Bastian ED, Jenkins AL, Campbell J, Vuksan V. A whey protein supplement decreases post-prandial glycemia. Nutr J 2009; 8:47. [PMID: 19835582 PMCID: PMC2766379 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-8-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance are associated with high glycemic load diets. Identifying food components that decrease post-prandial glycemia may be beneficial for developing low glycemic foods and supplements. This study explores the glycemic impact of adding escalating doses of a glycemic index lowering peptide fraction (GILP) from whey to a glucose drink. Methods Ten healthy subjects (3M, 7F, 44.4 ± 9.3 years, BMI 33.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) participated in an acute randomised controlled study. Zero, 5, 10 and 20 g of protein from GILP were added to a 50 g glucose drink. The control (0 g of GILP) meal was repeated 2 times. Capillary blood samples were taken fasting (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the start of the meal and analyzed for blood glucose concentration. Results Increasing doses of GILP decreased the incremental areas under the curve in a dose dependant manner (Pearson's r = 0.48, p = 0.002). The incremental areas (iAUC) under the glucose curve for the 0, 5, 10, and 20 g of protein from GILP were 231 ± 23, 212 ± 23, 196 ± 23, and 138 ± 13 mmol.min/L respectively. The iAUC of the 20 g GILP was significantly different from control, 5 g GILP and 10 g GILP (p < 0.001). Average reduction in the glucose iAUC was 4.6 ± 1.4 mmol.min/L per gram of ingested GILP. Conclusion Addition of GILP to a oral glucose bolus reduces blood glucose iAUC in a dose dependent manner and averages 4.6 ± 1.4 mmol.min/L per gram of GILP. These data are consistent with previous research on the effect of protein on the glycemic response of a meal.
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Martin B, Maudsley S, White CM, Egan JM. Hormones in the naso-oropharynx: endocrine modulation of taste and smell. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:163-70. [PMID: 19359194 PMCID: PMC2732121 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction and gustation are important sensory modalities for locating food and for determining which foodstuffs to ingest. It is becoming apparent that there is a strong link between olfaction, gustation and metabolic control. Because endocrine signaling in the naso-oropharynx is likely to influence food intake, satiety and general metabolic control, it is important to examine some of the major hormones that play an integral part in energy homeostasis. Here, we provide an overview of the main endocrine factors known to be present in the naso-oropharynx and discuss their functional roles in maintaining metabolic function. Gaining a greater appreciation of how flavor perception is linked to peripheral metabolism could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for obesity and lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Caitlin M. White
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Corresponding author: Josephine M. Egan, MD National Institute on Aging 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100 Baltimore, MD 21224.
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