1
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar80. [PMID: 38598293 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display structural abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | - Corey J Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | | | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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2
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Coscia SM, Moore AS, Thompson CP, Tirrito CF, Ostap EM, Holzbaur ELF. An interphase actin wave promotes mitochondrial content mixing and organelle homeostasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3793. [PMID: 38714822 PMCID: PMC11076292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a cycling wave of actin polymerization/depolymerization. In metaphase, this wave induces actin comet tails on mitochondria that propel these organelles to drive spatial mixing, resulting in their equitable inheritance by daughter cells. In contrast, during interphase the cycling actin wave promotes localized mitochondrial fission. Here, we identify the F-actin nucleator/elongator FMNL1 as a positive regulator of the wave. FMNL1-depleted cells exhibit decreased mitochondrial polarization, decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Accompanying these changes is a loss of hetero-fusion of wave-fragmented mitochondria. Thus, we propose that the interphase actin wave maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitochondrial content mixing. Finally, we investigate the mechanistic basis for the observation that the wave drives mitochondrial motility in metaphase but mitochondrial fission in interphase. Our data indicate that when the force of actin polymerization is resisted by mitochondrial tethering to microtubules, as in interphase, fission results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Coscia
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Cameron P Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian F Tirrito
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Stephens C, Naghavi MH. The host cytoskeleton: a key regulator of early HIV-1 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1835-1848. [PMID: 36527282 PMCID: PMC10272291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its central role in cell biology, the cytoskeleton is a key regulator of viral infection, influencing nearly every step of the viral life cycle. In this review, we will discuss the role of two key components of the cytoskeleton, namely the actin and microtubule networks in early HIV-1 infection. We will discuss key contributions to processes ranging from the attachment and entry of viral particles at the cell surface to their arrival and import into the nucleus and identify areas where further research into this complex relationship may yield new insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephens
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H. Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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4
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Chand A, Le N, Kim K. CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots' Impact on In Vitro Actin Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4179. [PMID: 38673765 PMCID: PMC11050122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a novel type of nanomaterial that has unique optical and physical characteristics. As such, QDs are highly desired because of their potential to be used in both biomedical and industrial applications. However, the mass adoption of QDs usage has raised concerns among the scientific community regarding QDs' toxicity. Although many papers have reported the negative impact of QDs on a cellular level, the exact mechanism of the QDs' toxicity is still unclear. In this investigation, we study the adverse effects of QDs by focusing on one of the most important cellular processes: actin polymerization and depolymerization. Our results showed that QDs act in a biphasic manner where lower concentrations of QDs stimulate the polymerization of actin, while high concentrations of QDs inhibit actin polymerization. Furthermore, we found that QDs can bind to filamentous actin (F-actin) and cause bundling of the filament while also promoting actin depolymerization. Through this study, we found a novel mechanism in which QDs negatively influence cellular processes and exert toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; (A.C.); (N.L.)
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5
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Pimm ML, Haarer BK, Nobles AD, Haney LM, Marcin AG, Marcela Alcaide Eligio, Henty-Ridilla JL. Coordination of actin plus-end dynamics by IQGAP1, formin, and capping protein. bioRxiv 2024:2023.05.04.539490. [PMID: 37205555 PMCID: PMC10187324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell processes require precise regulation of actin polymerization that is mediated by plus-end regulatory proteins. Detailed mechanisms that explain plus-end dynamics involve regulators with opposing roles, including factors that enhance assembly, e.g., the formin mDia1, and others that stop growth (Capping Protein, CPz). We explore IQGAP1's roles regulating actin filament plus-ends and the consequences of perturbing its activity in cells. We confirm that IQGAP1 pauses elongation and interacts with plus ends through two residues (C756 and C781). We directly visualize the dynamic interplay between IQGAP1 and mDia1, revealing that IQGAP1 displaces the formin to influence actin assembly. Using four-color TIRF we show that IQGAP1's displacement activity extends to formin-CPz 'decision complexes', promoting end-binding protein turnover at plus-ends. Loss of IQGAP1 or its plus-end activities disrupts morphology and migration, emphasizing its essential role. These results reveal a new role for IQGAP1 in promoting protein turnover on filament ends and provide new insights into how plus-end actin assembly is regulated in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brian K Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexander D Nobles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Laura M Haney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexandra G Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Marcela Alcaide Eligio
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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6
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Ivanova JR, Benk AS, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Hermann LO, Plückthun A, Missirlis D, Spatz JP. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Actin Labels of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures in Living Cells. ACS Nano 2024; 18:8919-8933. [PMID: 38489155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The orchestrated assembly of actin and actin-binding proteins into cytoskeletal structures coordinates cell morphology changes during migration, cytokinesis, and adaptation to external stimuli. The accurate and unbiased visualization of the diverse actin assemblies within cells is an ongoing challenge. We describe here the identification and use of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as synthetic actin binders. Actin-binding DARPins were identified through ribosome display and validated biochemically. When introduced or expressed inside living cells, fluorescently labeled DARPins accumulated at actin filaments, validated through phalloidin colocalization on fixed cells. Nevertheless, different DARPins displayed different actin labeling patterns: some DARPins labeled efficiently dynamic structures, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and blebs, while others accumulated primarily in stress fibers. This differential intracellular distribution correlated with DARPin-actin binding kinetics, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. Moreover, the rapid arrest of actin dynamics induced by pharmacological treatment led to the fast relocalization of DARPins. Our data support the hypothesis that the localization of actin probes depends on the inherent dynamic movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Compared to the widely used LifeAct probe, one DARPin exhibited enhanced signal-to-background ratio while retaining a similar ability to label stress fibers. In summary, we propose DARPins as promising actin-binding proteins for labeling or manipulation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Ivanova
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amelie S Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- CSL Behring AG, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leon O Hermann
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Delaunay M, Paterek A, Gautschi I, Scherler G, Diviani D. AKAP2-anchored extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) regulates cardiac myofibroblast migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119674. [PMID: 38242328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a major cause of dysfunctions and arrhythmias in failing hearts. At the cellular level fibrosis is mediated by cardiac myofibroblasts, which display an increased migratory capacity and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. These properties allow myofibroblasts to invade, remodel and stiffen the myocardium and eventually alter cardiac function. While the enhanced ability of cardiac myofibroblasts to migrate has been proposed to contribute to the initiation of the fibrotic process, the molecular mechanisms controlling their motile function have been poorly defined. In this context, our current findings indicate that A-kinase anchoring protein 2 (AKAP2) associates with actin at the leading edge of migrating cardiac myofibroblasts. Proteomic analysis of the AKAP2 interactome revealed that this anchoring protein assembles a signaling complex composed of the extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and its upstream activator Grb2 that mediates the activation of ERK in cardiac myofibroblasts. Silencing AKAP2 expression results in a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1 and its downstream effector WAVE2, a protein involved in actin polymerization, and impairs the ability of cardiac myofibroblasts to migrate. Importantly, disruption of the interaction between AKAP2 and F-actin using cell-permeant competitor peptides, inhibits the activation of the ERK-WAVE2 signaling axis, resulting in a reduction of the translocation of Arp2 to the leading-edge membrane and in inhibition of cardiac myofibroblast migration. Collectively, these findings suggest that AKAP2 functions as an F-actin bound molecular scaffold mediating the activation of an ERK1-dependent promigratory transduction pathway in cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delaunay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology et Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Paterek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology et Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Gautschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology et Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greta Scherler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology et Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology et Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Xu M, Rutkowski DM, Rebowski G, Boczkowska M, Pollard LW, Dominguez R, Vavylonis D, Ostap EM. Myosin-I Synergizes with Arp2/3 Complex to Enhance Pushing Forces of Branched Actin Networks. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.09.579714. [PMID: 38405741 PMCID: PMC10888859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Myosin-Is colocalize with Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks at sites of membrane protrusion and invagination, but the mechanisms by which myosin-I motor activity coordinates with branched actin assembly to generate force are unknown. We mimicked the interplay of these proteins using the "comet tail" bead motility assay, where branched actin networks are nucleated by Arp2/3 complex on the surface of beads coated with myosin-I and the WCA domain of N-WASP. We observed that myosin-I increased bead movement efficiency by thinning actin networks without affecting growth rates. Remarkably, myosin-I triggered symmetry breaking and comet-tail formation in dense networks resistant to spontaneous fracturing. Even with arrested actin assembly, myosin-I alone could break the network. Computational modeling recapitulated these observations suggesting myosin-I acts as a repulsive force shaping the network's architecture and boosting its force-generating capacity. We propose that myosin-I leverages its power stroke to amplify the forces generated by Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Grzegorz Rebowski
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - E Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Bock F, Dong X, Li S, Viquez OM, Sha E, Tantengco M, Hennen EM, Plosa E, Ramezani A, Brown KL, Whang YM, Terker AS, Arroyo JP, Harrison DG, Fogo A, Brakebusch CH, Pozzi A, Zent R. Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct repair by mechanically coupling cell morphology to mitotic entry. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi7840. [PMID: 38324689 PMCID: PMC10849615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged obstruction of the ureter, which leads to injury of the kidney collecting ducts, results in permanent structural damage, while early reversal allows for repair. Cell structure is defined by the actin cytoskeleton, which is dynamically organized by small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). In this study, we identified the Rho GTPase, Rac1, as a driver of postobstructive kidney collecting duct repair. After the relief of ureteric obstruction, Rac1 promoted actin cytoskeletal reconstitution, which was required to maintain normal mitotic morphology allowing for successful cell division. Mechanistically, Rac1 restricted excessive actomyosin activity that stabilized the negative mitotic entry kinase Wee1. This mechanism ensured mechanical G2-M checkpoint stability and prevented premature mitotic entry. The repair defects following injury could be rescued by direct myosin inhibition. Thus, Rac1-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton integrates with the cell cycle to mediate kidney tubular repair by preventing dysmorphic cells from entering cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shensen Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Sha
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Tantengco
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hennen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alireza Ramezani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kyle L. Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Liu T, Cao L, Mladenov M, Jegou A, Way M, Moores CA. Cortactin stabilizes actin branches by bridging activated Arp2/3 to its nucleated actin filament. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-023-01205-2. [PMID: 38267598 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of the assembly and turnover of branched actin filament networks nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex is essential during many cellular processes, including cell migration and membrane trafficking. Cortactin is important for actin branch stabilization, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Given this, we determined the structure of vertebrate cortactin-stabilized Arp2/3 actin branches using cryogenic electron microscopy. We find that cortactin interacts with the new daughter filament nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex at the branch site, rather than the initial mother actin filament. Cortactin preferentially binds activated Arp3. It also stabilizes the F-actin-like interface of activated Arp3 with the first actin subunit of the new filament, and its central repeats extend along successive daughter-filament subunits. The preference of cortactin for activated Arp3 explains its retention at the actin branch and accounts for its synergy with other nucleation-promoting factors in regulating branched actin network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Liu
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Luyan Cao
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Antoine Jegou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Michael Way
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.
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11
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.22.576497. [PMID: 38328079 PMCID: PMC10849548 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | - Corey J Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Center on Aging; UConn Health, Farmington CT, USA
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12
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Takito J, Nonaka N. Osteoclasts at Bone Remodeling: Order from Order. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:227-256. [PMID: 37996681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (M-CSF/RANKL) signaling network governs the differentiation of precursor cells into fusion-competent mononucleated cells. Repetitive fusion of fusion-competent cells produces multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are believed to die via apoptosis after bone resorption. However, recent studies have found that osteoclastogenesis in vivo proceeds by replacing the old nucleus of existing osteoclasts with a single newly differentiated mononucleated cell. Thus, the formation of new osteoclasts is minimal. Furthermore, the sizes of osteoclasts can change via cell fusion and fission in response to external conditions. On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis in vitro involves various levels of heterogeneity, including osteoclast precursors, mode of fusion, and properties of the differentiated osteoclasts. To better understand the origin of these heterogeneities and the plasticity of osteoclasts, we examine several processes of osteoclastogenesis in this review. Candidate mechanisms that create heterogeneity involve asymmetric cell division, osteoclast niche, self-organization, and mode of fusion and fission. Elucidation of the plasticity or fluctuation of the M-CSF/RANKL network should be an important topic for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Enemark MBH, Wolter K, Campbell AJ, Andersen MD, Sørensen EF, Hybel TE, Madsen C, Lauridsen KL, Plesner TL, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Honoré B, Ludvigsen M. Proteomics identifies apoptotic markers as predictors of histological transformation in patients with follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7418-7432. [PMID: 37824846 PMCID: PMC10758743 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma with a generally favorable prognosis. However, histological transformation (HT) to a more aggressive disease leads to markedly inferior outcomes. This study aims to identify biological differences predictive of HT at the time of initial FL diagnosis. We show differential protein expression between diagnostic lymphoma samples from patients with subsequent HT (subsequently-transforming FL [st-FL]; n = 20) and patients without HT (nontransforming FL [nt-FL]; n = 34) by label-free quantification nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Protein profiles identified patients with high risk of HT. This was accompanied by disturbances in cellular pathways influencing apoptosis, the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and immune processes. Comparisons between diagnostic st-FL samples and paired transformed FL (n = 20) samples demonstrated differential protein profiles and disrupted cellular pathways, indicating striking biological differences from the time of diagnosis up to HT. Immunohistochemical analysis of apoptotic proteins, CASP3, MCL1, BAX, BCL-xL, and BCL-rambo, confirmed higher expression levels in st-FL than in nt-FL samples (P < .001, P = .015, P = .003, P = .025, and P = .057, respectively). Moreover, all 5 markers were associated with shorter transformation-free survival (TFS; P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, P = .069, and P = .010, respectively). Notably, combining the expression of these proteins in a risk score revealed increasingly inferior TFS with an increasing number of positive markers. In conclusion, proteomics identified altered protein expression profiles (particularly apoptotic proteins) at the time of FL diagnosis, which predicted later transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beck Hairing Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katharina Wolter
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maja Dam Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Engelbrecht Hybel
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Lopes Dos Santos R, Malo M, Campillo C. Spatial Control of Arp2/3-Induced Actin Polymerization on Phase-Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3267-3274. [PMID: 37909673 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the physical mechanisms underlying cell shape changes, while avoiding the cellular interior's complexity, involves the development of controlled basic biomimetic systems that imitate cell functions. In particular, the reconstruction of cytoskeletal dynamics on cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has allowed for the reconstituting of some cell-like processes in vitro. In fact, such a bottom-up strategy could be the basis for forming protocells able to reorganize or even move autonomously. However, reconstituting the subtle and controlled dynamics of the cytoskeleton-membrane interface in vitro remains an experimental challenge. Taking advantage of the lipid-induced segregation of an actin polymerization activator, we present a system that targets actin polymerization in specific domains of phase-separated GUVs. We observe actin networks localized on Lo, Ld, or on both types of domains and the actin-induced deformation or reorganization of these domains. These results suggest that the system we have developed here could pave the way for future experiments further detailing the interplay between actin dynamics and membrane heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Lopes Dos Santos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025 Evry, Courcouronnes, France
| | - Michel Malo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025 Evry, Courcouronnes, France
| | - Clément Campillo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025 Evry, Courcouronnes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Donath S, Seidler AE, Mundin K, Wenzel J, Scholz J, Gentemann L, Kalies J, Faix J, Ngezahayo A, Bleich A, Heisterkamp A, Buettner M, Kalies S. Epithelial restitution in 3D - Revealing biomechanical and physiochemical dynamics in intestinal organoids via fs laser nanosurgery. iScience 2023; 26:108139. [PMID: 37867948 PMCID: PMC10585398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids represent a three-dimensional cell culture system mimicking the mammalian intestine. The application of single-cell ablation for defined wounding via a femtosecond laser system within the crypt base allowed us to study cell dynamics during epithelial restitution. Neighboring cells formed a contractile actin ring encircling the damaged cell, changed the cellular aspect ratio, and immediately closed the barrier. Using traction force microscopy, we observed major forces at the ablation site and additional forces on the crypt sides. Inhibitors of the actomyosin-based mobility of the cells led to the failure of restoring the barrier. Close to the ablation site, high-frequency calcium flickering and propagation of calcium waves occured that synchronized with the contraction of the epithelial layer. We observed an increased signal and nuclear translocation of YAP-1. In conclusion, our approach enabled, for the first time, to unveil the intricacies of epithelial restitution beyond in vivo models by employing precise laser-induced damage in colonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Elisabeth Seidler
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karlina Mundin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Wenzel
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Scholz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Institute of Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Wollscheid HP, Ulrich HD. Chromatin meets the cytoskeleton: the importance of nuclear actin dynamics and associated motors for genome stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 131:103571. [PMID: 37738698 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of fundamental importance for numerous cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell plasticity, and cell migration. However, functions of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the nucleus remain understudied due to the comparatively low abundance of nuclear actin and the resulting experimental limitations to its visualization. Owing to recent technological advances such as super-resolution microscopy and the development of nuclear-specific actin probes, essential roles of the actin cytoskeleton in the context of genome maintenance are now emerging. In addition to the contributions of monomeric actin as a component of multiple important nuclear protein complexes, nuclear actin has been found to undergo polymerization in response to DNA damage and DNA replication stress. Consequently, nuclear F-actin plays important roles in the regulation of intra-nuclear mobility of repair and replication foci as well as the maintenance of nuclear shape, two important aspects of efficient stress tolerance. Beyond actin itself, there is accumulating evidence for the participation of multiple actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in the surveillance of genome integrity, including nucleation factors and motor proteins of the myosin family. Here we summarize recent findings highlighting the importance of actin cytoskeletal factors within the nucleus in key genome maintenance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wollscheid
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz D - 55128, Germany.
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz D - 55128, Germany.
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Li S, Lv J, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Lu J, Huo X, Guo M, Liu X, Gao R, Gong J, Li C, Li W, Zhang T, Wang J, Chen Z, Du X. ELAVL4 promotes the tumorigenesis of small cell lung cancer by stabilizing LncRNA LYPLAL1-DT and enhancing profilin 2 activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23170. [PMID: 37676718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300314rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant tumors that has an extremely poor prognosis. RNA-binding protein (RBP) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be key regulators during tumorigenesis as well as lung tumor progression. However, the role of RBP ELAVL4 and lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT in SCLC remains unclear. In this study, we verified that lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT acts as an SCLC oncogenic lncRNA and was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LYPLAL1-DT negatively regulates the expression of miR-204-5p, leading to the upregulation of PFN2, thus, promoting SCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ELAVL4 has been shown to enhance the stability of LYPLAL1-DT and PFN2 mRNA. Our study reveals a regulatory pathway, where ELAVL4 stabilizes PFN2 and LYPLAL1-DT with the latter further increasing PFN2 expression by blocking the action of miR-204-5p. Upregulated PFN2 ultimately promotes tumorigenesis and invasion in SCLC. These findings provide novel prognostic indicators as well as promising new therapeutic targets for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS); and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Gong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS); and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, P.R. China
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18
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Le N, Chand A, Braun E, Keyes C, Wu Q, Kim K. Interactions between Quantum Dots and G-Actin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14760. [PMID: 37834208 PMCID: PMC10572542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a type of nanoparticle with excellent optical properties, suitable for many optical-based biomedical applications. However, the potential of quantum dots to be used in clinical settings is limited by their toxicity. As such, much effort has been invested to examine the mechanism of QDs' toxicity. Yet, the current literature mainly focuses on ROS- and apoptosis-mediated cell death induced by QDs, which overlooks other aspects of QDs' toxicity. Thus, our study aimed to provide another way by which QDs negatively impact cellular processes by investigating the possibility of protein structure and function modification upon direct interaction. Through shotgun proteomics, we identified a number of QD-binding proteins, which are functionally associated with essential cellular processes and components, such as transcription, translation, vesicular trafficking, and the actin cytoskeleton. Among these proteins, we chose to closely examine the interaction between quantum dots and actin, as actin is one of the most abundant proteins in cells and plays crucial roles in cellular processes and structural maintenance. We found that CdSe/ZnS QDs spontaneously bind to G-actin in vitro, causing a static quenching of G-actin's intrinsic fluorescence. Furthermore, we found that this interaction favors the formation of a QD-actin complex with a binding ratio of 1:2.5. Finally, we also found that CdSe/ZnS QDs alter the secondary structure of G-actin, which may affect G-actin's function and properties. Overall, our study provides an in-depth mechanistic examination of the impact of CdSe/ZnS QDs on G-actin, proposing that direct interaction is another aspect of QDs' toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Le
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; (N.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Abhishu Chand
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; (N.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Emma Braun
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; (N.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Chloe Keyes
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Springfield, MO 65806, USA; (C.K.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qihua Wu
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Springfield, MO 65806, USA; (C.K.); (Q.W.)
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; (N.L.); (A.C.); (E.B.)
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19
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Neumann AJ, Prekeris R. A Rab-bit hole: Rab40 GTPases as new regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268922. [PMID: 37736498 PMCID: PMC10509765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of machinery involved in cell migration is vital to the maintenance of proper organism function. When migration is dysregulated, a variety of phenotypes ranging from developmental disorders to cancer metastasis can occur. One of the primary structures involved in cell migration is the actin cytoskeleton. Actin assembly and disassembly form a variety of dynamic structures which provide the pushing and contractile forces necessary for cells to properly migrate. As such, actin dynamics are tightly regulated. Classically, the Rho family of GTPases are considered the major regulators of the actin cytoskeleton during cell migration. Together, this family establishes polarity in the migrating cell by stimulating the formation of various actin structures in specific cellular locations. However, while the Rho GTPases are acknowledged as the core machinery regulating actin dynamics and cell migration, a variety of other proteins have become established as modulators of actin structures and cell migration. One such group of proteins is the Rab40 family of GTPases, an evolutionarily and functionally unique family of Rabs. Rab40 originated as a single protein in the bilaterians and, through multiple duplication events, expanded to a four-protein family in higher primates. Furthermore, unlike other members of the Rab family, Rab40 proteins contain a C-terminally located suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box domain. Through the SOCS box, Rab40 proteins interact with Cullin5 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. As a member of this complex, Rab40 ubiquitinates its effectors, controlling their degradation, localization, and activation. Because substrates of the Rab40/Cullin5 complex can play a role in regulating actin structures and cell migration, the Rab40 family of proteins has recently emerged as unique modulators of cell migration machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Lambert C, Schmidt K, Karger M, Stadler M, Stradal TEB, Rottner K. Cytochalasans and Their Impact on Actin Filament Remodeling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1247. [PMID: 37627312 PMCID: PMC10452583 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton comprises the protein itself in its monomeric and filamentous forms, G- and F-actin, as well as multiple interaction partners (actin-binding proteins, ABPs). This gives rise to a temporally and spatially controlled, dynamic network, eliciting a plethora of motility-associated processes. To interfere with the complex inter- and intracellular interactions the actin cytoskeleton confers, small molecular inhibitors have been used, foremost of all to study the relevance of actin filaments and their turnover for various cellular processes. The most prominent inhibitors act by, e.g., sequestering monomers or by interfering with the polymerization of new filaments and the elongation of existing filaments. Among these inhibitors used as tool compounds are the cytochalasans, fungal secondary metabolites known for decades and exploited for their F-actin polymerization inhibitory capabilities. In spite of their application as tool compounds for decades, comprehensive data are lacking that explain (i) how the structural deviances of the more than 400 cytochalasans described to date influence their bioactivity mechanistically and (ii) how the intricate network of ABPs reacts (or adapts) to cytochalasan binding. This review thus aims to summarize the information available concerning the structural features of cytochalasans and their influence on the described activities on cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambert
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Karger
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Qu M, Zhang H, Cheng P, Wubshet AK, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Histone deacetylase 6's function in viral infection, innate immunity, and disease: latest advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216548. [PMID: 37638049 PMCID: PMC10450946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the family of histone-deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) stands out. The cytoplasmic class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is essential for many cellular functions. It plays a crucial and debatable regulatory role in innate antiviral immunity. This review summarises the current state of our understanding of HDAC6's structure and function in light of the three mechanisms by which it controls DNA and RNA virus infection: cytoskeleton regulation, host innate immune response, and autophagy degradation of host or viral proteins. In addition, we summed up how HDAC6 inhibitors are used to treat a wide range of diseases, and how its upstream signaling plays a role in the antiviral mechanism. Together, the findings of this review highlight HDAC6's importance as a new therapeutic target in antiviral immunity, innate immune response, and some diseases, all of which offer promising new avenues for the development of drugs targeting the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Hembrow J, Deeks MJ, Richards DM. Automatic extraction of actin networks in plants. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011407. [PMID: 37647341 PMCID: PMC10497154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential in eukaryotes, not least in the plant kingdom where it plays key roles in cell expansion, cell division, environmental responses and pathogen defence. Yet, the precise structure-function relationships of properties of the actin network in plants are still to be unravelled, including details of how the network configuration depends upon cell type, tissue type and developmental stage. Part of the problem lies in the difficulty of extracting high-quality, quantitative measures of actin network features from microscopy data. To address this problem, we have developed DRAGoN, a novel image analysis algorithm that can automatically extract the actin network across a range of cell types, providing seventeen different quantitative measures that describe the network at a local level. Using this algorithm, we then studied a number of cases in Arabidopsis thaliana, including several different tissues, a variety of actin-affected mutants, and cells responding to powdery mildew. In many cases we found statistically-significant differences in actin network properties. In addition to these results, our algorithm is designed to be easily adaptable to other tissues, mutants and plants, and so will be a valuable asset for the study and future biological engineering of the actin cytoskeleton in globally-important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hembrow
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Deeks
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Richards
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhang Q, Wan M, Kudryashova E, Kudryashov DS, Mao Y. Membrane-dependent actin polymerization mediated by the Legionella pneumophila effector protein MavH. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011512. [PMID: 37463171 PMCID: PMC10381072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
L. pneumophila propagates in eukaryotic cells within a specialized niche, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). The infection process is controlled by over 330 effector proteins delivered through the type IV secretion system. In this study, we report that the Legionella MavH effector localizes to endosomes and remodels host actin cytoskeleton in a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) dependent manner when ectopically expressed. We show that MavH recruits host actin capping protein (CP) and actin to the endosome via its CP-interacting (CPI) motif and WH2-like actin-binding domain, respectively. In vitro assays revealed that MavH stimulates actin assembly on PI(3)P-containing liposomes causing their tubulation. In addition, the recruitment of CP by MavH negatively regulates F-actin density at the membrane. We further show that, in L. pneumophila-infected cells, MavH appears around the LCV at the very early stage of infection and facilitates bacterium entry into the host. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism of membrane tubulation induced by membrane-dependent actin polymerization catalyzed by MavH that contributes to the early stage of L. pneumophila infection by regulating host actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Min Wan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena Kudryashova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dmitri S Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuxin Mao
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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24
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Kawanishi T, Heilig AK, Shimada A, Takeda H. Visualization of Actin Cytoskeleton in Cellular Protrusions in Medaka Embryos. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4710. [PMID: 37449037 PMCID: PMC10336567 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular protrusions are fundamental structures for a wide variety of cellular behaviors, such as cell migration, cell-cell interaction, and signal reception. Visualization of cellular protrusions in living cells can be achieved by labeling of cytoskeletal actin with genetically encoded fluorescent probes. Here, we describe a detailed experimental procedure to visualize cellular protrusions in medaka embryos, which consists of the following steps: preparation of Actin-Chromobody-GFP and α-bungarotoxin mRNAs for actin labeling and immobilization of the embryo, respectively; microinjection of the mRNAs into embryos in a mosaic fashion to sparsely label individual cells; removal of the hard chorion, which hampers observation; and visualization of cellular protrusions in the embryo with a confocal microscope. Overall, our protocol provides a simple method to reveal cellular protrusions in vivo by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ann Kathrin Heilig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Jafari G, Khan LA, Zhang H, Membreno E, Yan S, Dempsey G, Gobel V. Branched-chain actin dynamics polarizes vesicle trajectories and partitions apicobasal epithelial membrane domains. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade4022. [PMID: 37379384 PMCID: PMC10306301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In prevailing epithelial polarity models, membrane- and junction-based polarity cues such as the partitioning-defective PARs specify the positions of apicobasal membrane domains. Recent findings indicate, however, that intracellular vesicular trafficking can determine the position of the apical domain, upstream of membrane-based polarity cues. These findings raise the question of how vesicular trafficking becomes polarized independent of apicobasal target membrane domains. Here, we show that the apical directionality of vesicle trajectories depends on actin dynamics during de novo polarized membrane biogenesis in the C. elegans intestine. We find that actin, powered by branched-chain actin modulators, determines the polarized distribution of apical membrane components, PARs, and itself. Using photomodulation, we demonstrate that F-actin travels through the cytoplasm and along the cortex toward the future apical domain. Our findings support an alternative polarity model where actin-directed trafficking asymmetrically inserts the nascent apical domain into the growing epithelial membrane to partition apicobasal membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamali Jafari
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liakot A. Khan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Edward Membreno
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siyang Yan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Dempsey
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Verena Gobel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, MGHfC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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27
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Schurr Y, Reil L, Spindler M, Nieswandt B, Machesky LM, Bender M. The WASH-complex subunit Strumpellin regulates integrin αIIbβ3 trafficking in murine platelets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9526. [PMID: 37308549 PMCID: PMC10260982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet specific integrin αIIbβ3 mediates platelet adhesion, aggregation and plays a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In resting platelets, αIIbβ3 is expressed on the membrane surface and in intracellular compartments. Upon activation, the number of surface-expressed αIIbβ3 is increased by the translocation of internal granule pools to the plasma membrane. The WASH complex is the major endosomal actin polymerization-promoting complex and has been implicated in the generation of actin networks involved in endocytic trafficking of integrins in other cell types. The role of the WASH complex and its subunit Strumpellin in platelet function is still unknown. Here, we report that Strumpellin-deficient murine platelets display an approximately 20% reduction in integrin αIIbβ3 surface expression. While exposure of the internal αIIbβ3 pool after platelet activation was unaffected, the uptake of the αIIbβ3 ligand fibrinogen was delayed. The number of platelet α-granules was slightly but significantly increased in Strumpellin-deficient platelets. Quantitative proteome analysis of isolated αIIbβ3-positive vesicular structures revealed an enrichment of protein markers, which are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and early endosomes in Strumpellin-deficient platelets. These results point to a so far unidentified role of the WASH complex subunit Strumpellin in integrin αIIbβ3 trafficking in murine platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schurr
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucy Reil
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) form rapidly adaptable, complex intracellular networks of filaments that not only provide structural support, but also form the tracks along which motors traffic macromolecular cargos to specific sub-cellular sites. These dynamic arrays play a central role in regulating various cellular processes including cell shape and motility as well as cell division and polarization. Given their complex organization and functional importance, MT arrays are carefully controlled by many highly specialized proteins that regulate the nucleation of MT filaments at distinct sites, their dynamic growth and stability, and their engagement with other subcellular structures and cargoes destined for transport. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how MTs and their regulatory proteins function, including their active targeting and exploitation, during infection by viruses that utilize a wide variety of replication strategies that occur within different cellular sub-compartments or regions of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; HIV Clinical and Translational Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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29
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Hein JI, Scholz J, Körber S, Kaufmann T, Faix J. Unleashed Actin Assembly in Capping Protein-Deficient B16-F1 Cells Enables Identification of Multiple Factors Contributing to Filopodium Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060890. [PMID: 36980231 PMCID: PMC10047565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like actin-filament bundles that overcome membrane tension by forces generated through actin polymerization at their tips to allow extension of these structures a few microns beyond the cell periphery. Actin assembly of these protrusions is regulated by accessory proteins including heterodimeric capping protein (CP) or Ena/VASP actin polymerases to either terminate or promote filament growth. Accordingly, the depletion of CP in B16-F1 melanoma cells was previously shown to cause an explosive formation of filopodia. In Ena/VASP-deficient cells, CP depletion appeared to result in ruffling instead of inducing filopodia, implying that Ena/VASP proteins are absolutely essential for filopodia formation. However, this hypothesis was not yet experimentally confirmed. Methods: Here, we used B16-F1 cells and CRISPR/Cas9 technology to eliminate CP either alone or in combination with Ena/VASP or other factors residing at filopodia tips, followed by quantifications of filopodia length and number. Results: Unexpectedly, we find massive formations of filopodia even in the absence of CP and Ena/VASP proteins. Notably, combined inactivation of Ena/VASP, unconventional myosin-X and the formin FMNL3 was required to markedly impair filopodia formation in CP-deficient cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our results reveal that, besides Ena/VASP proteins, numerous other factors contribute to filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Faix
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-2928
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30
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Dupré L, Prunier G. Deciphering actin remodelling in immune cells through the prism of actin-related inborn errors of immunity. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151283. [PMID: 36525824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodelling drives cell motility, cell to cell contacts, as well as membrane and organelle dynamics. Those cellular activities operate at a particularly high pace in immune cells since these cells migrate through various tissues, interact with multiple cellular partners, ingest microorganisms and secrete effector molecules. The central and multifaceted role of actin cytoskeleton remodelling in sustaining immune cell tasks in humans is highlighted by rare inborn errors of immunity due to mutations in genes encoding proximal and distal actin regulators. In line with the specificity of some of the actin-based processes at work in immune cells, the expression of some of the affected genes, such as WAS, ARPC1B and HEM1 is restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. Exploration of these natural deficiencies highlights the fact that the molecular control of actin remodelling is tuned distinctly in the various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells and sustains different networks associated with a vast array of specialized tasks. Furthermore, defects in individual actin remodelling proteins are usually associated with partial cellular impairments highlighting the plasticity of actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This review covers the roles of disease-associated actin regulators in promoting the actin-based processes of immune cells. It focuses on the specific molecular function of those regulators across various immune cell subsets and in response to different stimuli. Given the fact that numerous immune-related actin defects have only been characterized recently, we further discuss the challenges lying ahead to decipher the underlying patho-mechanisms.
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31
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Kaya Y, Tönißen K, Verleih M, Rebl H, Grunow B. Establishment of an in vitro model from the vulnerable fish species Coregonus maraena (maraena whitefish): Optimization of growth conditions and characterization of the cell line. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:548-559. [PMID: 36349563 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a cell line of the fish species Coregonus maraena was produced for the first time. C. maraena is an endangered species, and studies indicate that this fish species will be affected by further population declines due to climate change. This cell line, designated CMAfin1, has been maintained in Leibovitz L-15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum over 3 years. Both subculturing and storage (short-term storage at -80°C and long-term storage in liquid nitrogen) was successful. Cell morphology and growth rate were consistent from passage 10 onwards. Immunocytochemical examination of cellular proteins and matrix components confirmed the mechanical stability of the cells. Actin, fibronectin, vinculin, vimentin, and tubulin are present in the cells and form a network. In addition, the transport of molecules is ensured by the necessary proteins. Gene expression analysis showed a shift in the expressions of stem cell markers between younger and higher passages. While SOX2 and IGF1 were more highly expressed in the seventh passage, SOX9 and IGF2 expressions were significantly increased in higher passages. Therefore, the stable cell culture CMAfin1 can be used for applied analysis to further understand the cell physiology of C. maranea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Kaya
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Tönißen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bianka Grunow
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
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32
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Klimentidis YC, Chen Z, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Grigoriadis D, Sackey E, Pittman A, Ostergaard P, Herbst KL. Genome-wide association study of a lipedema phenotype among women in the UK Biobank identifies multiple genetic risk factors. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:338-344. [PMID: 36385154 PMCID: PMC9995497 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a common disorder characterized by excessive deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the legs, hips, and buttocks, mainly occurring in adult women. Although it appears to be heritable, no specific genes have yet been identified. To identify potential genetic risk factors for lipedema, we used bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric data from the UK Biobank to identify women with and without a lipedema phenotype. Specifically, we identified women with both a high percentage of fat in the lower limbs and a relatively small waist, adjusting for hip circumference. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for this phenotype, and performed multiple sensitivity GWAS. In an independent case/control study of lipedema based on strict clinical criteria, we attempted to replicate our top hits. We identified 18 significant loci (p < 5 × 10-9), several of which have previously been identified in GWAS of waist-to-hip ratio with larger effects in women. Two loci (VEGFA and GRB14-COBLL1) were significantly associated with lipedema in the independent replication study. Follow-up analyses suggest an enrichment of genes expressed in blood vessels and adipose tissue, among other tissues. Our findings provide a starting point towards better understanding the genetic and physiological basis of lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Dionysios Grigoriadis
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ege Sackey
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen L Herbst
- TREAT Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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33
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Abstract
Motor proteins are key players in exerting spatiotemporal control over the intracellular location of membrane-bound compartments, including endosomes containing cargo. In this Review, we focus on how motors and their cargo adaptors regulate positioning of cargoes from the earliest stages of endocytosis and through the two main intracellular itineraries: (1) degradation at the lysosome or (2) recycling back to the plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular (in vivo) studies on cargo transport thus far have typically focussed independently on either the motor proteins and adaptors, or membrane trafficking. Here, we will discuss recent studies to highlight what is known about the regulation of endosomal vesicle positioning and transport by motors and cargo adaptors. We also emphasise that in vitro and cellular studies are often performed at different scales, from single molecules to whole organelles, with the aim to provide a perspective on the unified principles of motor-driven cargo trafficking in living cells that can be learned from these differing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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34
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Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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35
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Rajan S, Terman JR, Reisler E. MICAL-mediated oxidation of actin and its effects on cytoskeletal and cellular dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124202. [PMID: 36875759 PMCID: PMC9982024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin and its dynamic structural remodelings are involved in multiple cellular functions, including maintaining cell shape and integrity, cytokinesis, motility, navigation, and muscle contraction. Many actin-binding proteins regulate the cytoskeleton to facilitate these functions. Recently, actin's post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their importance to actin functions have gained increasing recognition. The MICAL family of proteins has emerged as important actin regulatory oxidation-reduction (Redox) enzymes, influencing actin's properties both in vitro and in vivo. MICALs specifically bind to actin filaments and selectively oxidize actin's methionine residues 44 and 47, which perturbs filaments' structure and leads to their disassembly. This review provides an overview of the MICALs and the impact of MICAL-mediated oxidation on actin's properties, including its assembly and disassembly, effects on other actin-binding proteins, and on cells and tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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36
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Bieling P, Rottner K. From WRC to Arp2/3: Collective molecular mechanisms of branched actin network assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102156. [PMID: 36868090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Branched actin networks have emerged as major force-generating structures driving the protrusions in various distinct cell types and processes, ranging from lamellipodia operating in mesenchymal and epithelial cell migration or tails pushing intracellular pathogens and vesicles to developing spine heads on neurons. Many key molecular features are conserved among all those Arp2/3 complex-containing, branched actin networks. Here, we will review recent progress in our molecular understanding of the core biochemical machinery driving branched actin nucleation, from the generation of filament primers to Arp2/3 activator recruitment, regulation and turnover. Due to the wealth of information on distinct, Arp2/3 network-containing structures, we are largely focusing-in an exemplary fashion-on canonical lamellipodia of mesenchymal cells, which are regulated by Rac GTPases, their downstream effector WAVE Regulatory Complex and its target Arp2/3 complex. Novel insight additionally confirms that WAVE and Arp2/3 complexes regulate or are themselves tuned by additional prominent actin regulatory factors, including Ena/VASP family members and heterodimeric capping protein. Finally, we are considering recent insights into effects exerted by mechanical force, both at the branched network and individual actin regulator level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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37
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Zhang Q, Wan M, Mao Y. Membrane-dependent actin polymerization mediated by the Legionella pneumophila effector protein MavH. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.24.525393. [PMID: 36747622 PMCID: PMC9900769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
L. pneumophila propagates in eukaryotic cells within a specialized niche, the Legionella -containing vacuole (LCV). The infection process is controlled by over 330 effector proteins delivered through the type IV secretion system. In this study, we report that the Legionella MavH effector harbors a lipid-binding domain that specifically recognizes PI(3)P (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) and localizes to endosomes when ectopically expressed. We show that MavH recruits host actin capping proteins (CP) and actin to the endosome via its CP interacting (CPI) motif and WH2-like actin-binding domain, respectively. In vitro assays revealed that MavH stimulates robust actin polymerization only in the presence of PI(3)P-containing liposomes and the recruitment of CP by MavH negatively regulates F-actin density at the membrane. Furthermore, in L. pneumophila -infected cells, MavH can be detected around the LCV at the very early stage of infection. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism of membrane-dependent actin polymerization catalyzed by MavH that may play a role at the early stage of L. pneumophila infection by regulating host actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Min Wan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuxin Mao
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Corresponding Author: , Telephone: 607-255-0783
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38
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Fäßler F, Javoor MG, Datler J, Döring H, Hofer FW, Dimchev G, Hodirnau VV, Faix J, Rottner K, Schur FK. ArpC5 isoforms regulate Arp2/3 complex-dependent protrusion through differential Ena/VASP positioning. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd6495. [PMID: 36662867 PMCID: PMC9858492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the Arp2/3 complex is required for productive nucleation of branched actin networks. An emerging aspect of regulation is the incorporation of subunit isoforms into the Arp2/3 complex. Specifically, both ArpC5 subunit isoforms, ArpC5 and ArpC5L, have been reported to fine-tune nucleation activity and branch junction stability. We have combined reverse genetics and cellular structural biology to describe how ArpC5 and ArpC5L differentially affect cell migration. Both define the structural stability of ArpC1 in branch junctions and, in turn, by determining protrusion characteristics, affect protein dynamics and actin network ultrastructure. ArpC5 isoforms also affect the positioning of members of the Ena/Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family of actin filament elongators, which mediate ArpC5 isoform-specific effects on the actin assembly level. Our results suggest that ArpC5 and Ena/VASP proteins are part of a signaling pathway enhancing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fäßler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Julia Datler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Döring
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian W. Hofer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Georgi Dimchev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian K.M. Schur
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Hosahalli Vasanna S, Dalal J. Traffic jam within lymphocytes: A clinician's perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1034317. [PMID: 36726976 PMCID: PMC9885010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of novel diseases and pathways, as well as a new outlook on certain existing diseases, cellular trafficking disorders attract a great deal of interest and focus. Understanding the function of genes and their products in protein and lipid synthesis, cargo sorting, packaging, and delivery has allowed us to appreciate the intricate pathophysiology of these biological processes at the molecular level and the multi-system disease manifestations of these disorders. This article focuses primarily on lymphocyte intracellular trafficking diseases from a clinician's perspective. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is the prototypical disease of abnormal vesicular transport in the lymphocytes. In this review, we highlight other mechanisms involved in cellular trafficking, including membrane contact sites, autophagy, and abnormalities of cytoskeletal structures affecting the immune cell function, based on a newer classification system, along with management aspects of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Hosahalli Vasanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jignesh Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Jignesh Dalal,
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Shakhov AS, Kovaleva PA, Churkina AS, Kireev II, Alieva IB. Colocalization Analysis of Cytoplasmic Actin Isoforms Distribution in Endothelial Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123194. [PMID: 36551950 PMCID: PMC9775052 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is an essential component of living cells and plays a decisive role in many cellular processes. In mammals, β- and γ-actin are cytoplasmic actin isoforms in non-muscle cells. Despite minor differences in the amino acid sequence, β- and γ-actin localize in different cell structures and perform different functions. While cytoplasmic β-actin is involved in many intracellular processes including cell contraction, γ-actin is responsible for cell mobility and promotes tumor transformation. Numerous studies demonstrate that β- and γ-actin are spatially separated in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and epithelial cells; this separation is functionally determined. The spatial location of β/γ-actin in endothelial cells is still a subject for discussion. Using super-resolution microscopy, we investigated the β/γ-actin colocalization in endotheliocytes and showed that the β/γ-actin colocalization degree varies widely between different parts of the marginal regions and near the cell nucleus. In the basal cytoplasm, β-actin predominates, while the ratio of isoforms evens out as it moves to the apical cytoplasm. Thus, our colocalization analysis suggests that β- and γ-actin are segregated in the endotheliocyte cytoplasm. The segregation is greatly enhanced during cell lamella activation in the nocodazole-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, reflecting a different functional role of cytoplasmic actin isoforms in endothelial cells.
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41
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Hirano M, Hirano K. Critical role of Rho proteins in myosin light chain di-phosphorylation during early phase of endothelial barrier disruption. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:32. [PMID: 36476233 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)-mediated di-phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and actin bundle formation at the cell periphery as early events of the endothelial barrier disruption. We herein examined the role of RhoA during early events of barrier disruption. Treatment of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells with simvastatin prevented the decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, MLC di-phosphorylation and peripheral actin bundle formation seen 3 min after thrombin stimulation. Co-treatment with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate rescued the thrombin-induced events. Thrombin increased a GTP-bound form of RhoA and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) at the ROCK site. The intracellular introduction of the inhibitory protein of RhoA inhibited the thrombin-induced di-phosphorylation of MLC. However, knockdown of either one of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC failed to inhibit thrombin-induced MLC di-phosphorylation. The findings suggest that Rho proteins play a critical role during early events of thrombin-induced barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, Japan.
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42
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Liu L, Sui R, Li L, Zhang L, Zeng D, Ni X, Sun J. Light Activates Cdc42-Mediated Needle-Shaped Filopodia Formation via the Integration of Small GTPases. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:599-609. [PMID: 36531863 PMCID: PMC9751244 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cdc42 has been linked to multiple human cancers and is implicated in the migration of cancer cells. Cdc42 could be activated via biochemical and biophysical factors in tumor microenvironment, the precise control of Cdc42 was essential to determine its role to cell behaviors. Needle-shaped protrusions (filopodia) could sense the extracellular biochemical cues and pave the path for cell movement, which was a key structure involved in the regulation of cancer cell motility. Methods We used the photoactivatable Cdc42 to elucidate the breast cancer cell protrusions, the mutation of Cdc42 was to confirm the optogenetic results. We also inhibit the Cdc42, Rac or Rho respectively by the corresponding inhibitors. Results We identified that the activation of Cdc42 by light could greatly enhance the formation of filopodia, which was positive for the contribution of cell movement. The expression of Cdc42 active form Cdc42-Q61L in cells resulted in the longer and more filopodia while the Cdc42 inactive form Cdc42-T17N were with the shorter and less filopodia. Moreover, the inhibition of Cdc42, Rac or Rho all significantly reduced the filopodia numbers and length in the co-expression of Cdc42-Q61L, which showed that the integration of small GTPases was necessary in the formation of filopodia. Furthermore, photoactivation of Cdc42 failed to enhance the filopodia formation with the inhibition of Rac or Rho. However, with the inhibition of Cdc42, the photoactivation of Cdc42 could partially recover back the filopodia formations, which indicated that the integration of small GTPases was key for the filopodia formations. Conclusions Our work highlights that light activates Cdc42 is sufficient to promote filopodia formation without the destructive structures of small GTPases, it not only points out the novel technique to determine cell structure formations but also provides the experimental basis for the efficient small GTPases-based anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Ran Sui
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
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43
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Molina-Pelayo C, Olguin P, Mlodzik M, Glavic A. The conserved Pelado/ZSWIM8 protein regulates actin dynamics by promoting linear actin filament polymerization. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201484. [PMID: 35940847 PMCID: PMC9375228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament polymerization can be branched or linear, which depends on the associated regulatory proteins. Competition for actin monomers occurs between proteins that induce branched or linear actin polymerization. Cell specialization requires the regulation of actin filaments to allow the formation of cell type-specific structures, like cuticular hairs in Drosophila, formed by linear actin filaments. Here, we report the functional analysis of CG34401/pelado, a gene encoding a SWIM domain-containing protein, conserved throughout the animal kingdom, called ZSWIM8 in mammals. Mutant pelado epithelial cells display actin hair elongation defects. This phenotype is reversed by increasing actin monomer levels or by either pushing linear actin polymerization or reducing branched actin polymerization. Similarly, in hemocytes, Pelado is essential to induce filopodia, a linear actin-based structure. We further show that this function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 is conserved in human cells, where Pelado inhibits branched actin polymerization in a cell migration context. In summary, our data indicate that the function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics is conserved, favoring linear actin polymerization at the expense of branched filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molina-Pelayo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Departamento de Neurociencia, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Peters V, Deretic N, Choi K, Gold MR. ERK contributes to B cell receptor-induced cell spreading in the A20 mouse B cell line. MicroPubl Biol 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000665. [PMID: 36506348 PMCID: PMC9729986 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B cells provide protective immunity by secreting antibodies. When a B cell encounters its specific antigen, B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling initiates actin remodeling. This allows B cells to spread on antigen-bearing surfaces and find more antigen, which increases BCR signaling and facilitates B cell activation. The BCR activates multiple signaling pathways that target actin-regulatory proteins. Although the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 regulate actin-dependent processes in adherent cells, their role in BCR-induced actin remodeling had not been investigated. Here, we show that targeting ERK with chemical inhibitors or siRNA inhibits BCR-induced spreading in a murine B cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Peters
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
,
Correspondence to: Michael R Gold (
)
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45
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Du R, Li D, Zhu M, Zheng L, Ren K, Han D, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Cell senescence alters responses of porcine trabecular meshwork cells to shear stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083130. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironment and cellular senescence of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) are suspected to play a vital role in primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis. However, central questions remain about the effect of shear stress on TMCs and how aging affects this process. We have investigated the effect of shear stress on the biomechanical properties and extracellular matrix regulation of normal and senescent TMCs. We found a more significant promotion of Fctin formation, a more obvious realignment of F-actin fibers, and a more remarkable increase in the stiffness of normal cells in response to the shear stress, in comparison with that of senescent cells. Further, as compared to normal cells, senescent cells show a reduced extracellular matrix turnover after shear stress stimulation, which might be attributed to the different phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our results suggest that TMCs are able to sense and respond to the shear stress and cellular senescence undermines the mechanobiological response, which may lead to progressive failure of cellular TM function with age.
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Dai L, Wang B, Wang T, Meyer EH, Kettel V, Hoffmann N, McFarlane HE, Li S, Wu X, Picard KL, Giavalisco P, Persson S, Zhang Y. The TOR complex controls ATP levels to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122969119. [PMID: 36095209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122969119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells must overcome energy shortage, and the ability to do so determines their fate. The ability of cells to coordinate their cellular activities and energy status is therefore important for all living organisms. One of the major energy drains in eukaryotic cells is the constant turnover of the actin cytoskeleton, which consumes ATP during the cycle of polymerization and depolymerization. We report that the TOR complex, a master regulatory hub that integrates cellular energy information to coordinate cell growth and metabolism, controls cellular ATP levels in plant cells. We further elucidate that low ATP levels cause reduced actin dynamics in plant cells. These findings provide insight into how plant cells handle low energy situations. Energy is essential for all cellular functions in a living organism. How cells coordinate their physiological processes with energy status and availability is thus an important question. The turnover of actin cytoskeleton between its monomeric and filamentous forms is a major energy drain in eukaryotic cells. However, how actin dynamics are regulated by ATP levels remain largely unknown in plant cells. Here, we observed that seedlings with impaired functions of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), either by mutation of the key component, RAPTOR1B, or inhibition of TOR activity by specific inhibitors, displayed reduced sensitivity to actin cytoskeleton disruptors compared to their controls. Consistently, actin filament dynamics, but not organization, were suppressed in TORC1-impaired cells. Subcellular localization analysis and quantification of ATP concentration demonstrated that RAPTOR1B localized at cytoplasm and mitochondria and that ATP levels were significantly reduced in TORC1-impaired plants. Further pharmacologic experiments showed that the inhibition of mitochondrial functions led to phenotypes mimicking those observed in raptor1b mutants at the level of both plant growth and actin dynamics. Exogenous feeding of adenine could partially restore ATP levels and actin dynamics in TORC1-deficient plants. Thus, these data support an important role for TORC1 in coordinating ATP homeostasis and actin dynamics in plant cells.
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47
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Alnuaimi AR, Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Ranade AV, Pintus G, Hamad M, Busch H, Kirfel J, Hamoudi R, Abdel-Rahman WM. Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer: A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1637-1653. [PMID: 36187394 PMCID: PMC9516648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon (CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD (l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya R Alnuaimi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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48
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Abstract
Actin bundles constitute important cytoskeleton structures and enable a scaffold for force transmission inside cells. Actin bundles are formed by proteins, with multiple F-actin binding domains cross-linking actin filaments to each other. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) has mostly been reported as an actin elongator, but it has been shown to be a bundling protein as well and is found in bundled actin structures at filopodia and adhesion sites. Based on in vitro experiments, it remains unclear when and how VASP can act as an actin bundler or elongator. Here we demonstrate that VASP bound to membranes facilitates the formation of large actin bundles during polymerization. The alignment by polymerization requires the fluidity of the lipid bilayers. The mobility within the bilayer enables VASP to bind to filaments and capture and track growing barbed ends. VASP itself phase separates into a protein-enriched phase on the bilayer. This VASP-rich phase nucleates and accumulates at bundles during polymerization, which in turn leads to a reorganization of the underlying lipid bilayer. Our findings demonstrate that the nature of VASP localization is decisive for its function. The up-concentration based on VASP’s affinity to actin during polymerization enables it to simultaneously fulfill the function of an elongator and a bundler.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nast-Kolb
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and
| | - P Bleicher
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and.,Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - M Payr
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhoferstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A R Bausch
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
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49
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Bao Q, Gu Y, Liang C, Chu M, Guo X, Bao P, Yan P. The Landscape of Accessible Chromatin during Yak Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179960. [PMID: 36077381 PMCID: PMC9456067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant advancement has been made in the study of adipogenesis, knowledge about how chromatin accessibility regulates yak adipogenesis is lacking. We here described genome-wide dynamic chromatin accessibility in preadipocytes and adipocytes by using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), and thus revealed the unique characteristics of open chromatin during yak adipocyte differentiation. The chromatin accessibility of preadipocytes and adipocytes exhibited a similar genomic distribution, displaying a preferential location within the intergenic region, intron, and promoter. The pathway enrichment analysis identified that genes with differential chromatin accessibility were involved in adipogenic metabolism regulation pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR) signaling pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM–receptor) interaction. Integration of ATAC-seq and mRNA-seq revealed that genes with a high expression were associated with high levels of chromatin accessibility, especially within 1 kb upstream and downstream of the transcription start site. In addition, we identified a series of transcription factors (TFs) related to adipogenesis and created the TF regulatory network, providing the possible interactions between TFs during yak adipogenesis. This study is crucial for advancing the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis and provides valuable information for understanding the adaptation of plateau species to high-altitude environments by maintaining whole body homeostasis through fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yarong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ping Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-216-4180
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50
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Kage F, Döring H, Mietkowska M, Schaks M, Grüner F, Stahnke S, Steffen A, Müsken M, Stradal TEB, Rottner K. Lamellipodia-like actin networks in cells lacking WAVE regulatory complex. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276259. [PMID: 35971979 PMCID: PMC9511706 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration frequently involves the formation of lamellipodia induced by Rac GTPases activating WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to drive Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin assembly. Previous genome editing studies in B16-F1 melanoma cells solidified the view of an essential, linear pathway employing the aforementioned components. Here, disruption of the WRC subunit Nap1 (encoded by Nckap1) and its paralog Hem1 (encoded by Nckap1l) followed by serum and growth factor stimulation, or active GTPase expression, revealed a pathway to formation of Arp2/3 complex-dependent lamellipodia-like structures (LLS) that requires both Rac and Cdc42 GTPases, but not WRC. These phenotypes were independent of the WRC subunit eliminated and coincided with the lack of recruitment of Ena/VASP family actin polymerases. Moreover, aside from Ena/VASP proteins, LLS contained all lamellipodial regulators tested, including cortactin (also known as CTTN), the Ena/VASP ligand lamellipodin (also known as RAPH1) and FMNL subfamily formins. Rac-dependent but WRC-independent actin remodeling could also be triggered in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by growth factor (HGF) treatment or by gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes usurping HGF receptor signaling for host cell invasion. Taken together, our studies thus establish the existence of a signaling axis to Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin remodeling at the cell periphery that operates without WRC and Ena/VASP. Summary: Rac-dependent actin remodeling can occur in the absence of WAVE regulatory complex, triggered by active Cdc42. WAVE regulatory complex-independent actin structures harbor Arp2/3 complex but not VASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Kage
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Döring
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Mietkowska
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaks
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Franziska Grüner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stahnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E B Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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