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Kim EH, Shim YY, Lee HI, Lee S, Reaney MJT, Chung MJ. Astragalin and Isoquercitrin Isolated from Aster scaber Suppress LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses in Microglia and Mice. Foods 2022; 11:1505. [PMID: 35627075 PMCID: PMC9141956 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of astragalin (Ast) and isoquercitrin (Que) isolated from chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb.) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and hippocampus of LPS induced mice. LPS induced increased cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein kinase B phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation in LPS-treated microglial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS also induced neuroinflammatory effects in the murine hippocampus. Ast and Que significantly reduced LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the microglia and hippocampus of mice. Therefore, anti-inflammatory effects on MAPK signaling pathways mediate microglial cell and hippocampus inflammation. In LPS-activated microglia and hippocampus of LPS-induced mice, Ast or Que inhibited MAPK kinase phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 signaling proteins. Ast and Que inhibited LPS-induced ROS generation in microglia and increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. In addition, LPS treatment increased the heme oxygenase-1 level, which was further elevated after Ast or Que treatments. Ast and Que exert anti-neuroinflammatory activity by down-regulation of MAPKs signaling pathways in LPS-activated microglia and hippocampus of mice.
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Choi YE, Choi SI, Han X, Men X, Jang GW, Kwon HY, Kang SR, Han JS, Lee OKH. Radical Scavenging-Linked Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Aster scaber Ethanolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compound. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121290. [PMID: 33339396 PMCID: PMC7766398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster scaber is a wild vegetable cultivated in Korea and is known to contain phytochemicals with various biological activities. The potential antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of A. scaber and their mechanism are yet to be reported. We evaluated the total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of A. scaber ethanolic extract (ASE), and analyzed the major phenolic compounds of ASE. Antioxidant activity was measured at the chemical level through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. In addition, it was measured in vitro through inhibition of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and inhibition of lipid accumulation was also evaluated. ASE reduced the expression of enzymes involved in the production of ROS and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes that reduce increased ROS levels. They also reduced the expression of adipogenesis transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation in relation to ROS production, inhibited the expression of lipogenesis-related genes related to fat accumulation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and increased expression of lipolysis-related genes. Thus, ASE containing CGA (chlorogenic acid) inhibits ROS production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, owing to its strong antioxidant activity, and inhibits lipid accumulation caused by oxidative stress. The extract can be used as a potential functional food material for reducing oxidative stress and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Ran Kang
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - Jin-Soo Han
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - OK-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6454; Fax: +82-33-259-5565
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Abstract
Aromatic plants synthesize and produce aromatic molecules, among these compounds some of them belong to terpenes and terpenoids. Plant species have specific genes involved in secondary metabolism which allows them to synthesize various compounds with terpene core. These kinds of plant species are also known as herbal drugs and they are primarily used as components in medicinal products or simply as health foods. This chapter will focus on terpene and terpenoid compounds found in selected edible and aromatic plants belonging to several plant families. Selected plant species are briefly discussed. Biologically active compounds with terpene core are most frequently found in essential oils of the edible and aromatic species, as well as they are separately isolated and identified from the extracts. Health beneficial effects coming from terpene compounds found in edible and aromatic plants are further presented and include antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and many other pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Silva EAP, Carvalho JS, Guimarães AG, Barreto RDS, Santos MR, Barreto AS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. The use of terpenes and derivatives as a new perspective for cardiovascular disease treatment: a patent review (2008–2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 29:43-53. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1558211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aian P. Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio R.V. Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S. Barreto
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
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Meng L, Huang Y, Liang S, Wang J, Liu C, Huang J, Zhan X. Chemical constituents from the aerial part of Sheareria nana S. Moore. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018; 76:42-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yin XF, Jeon YE, Chung HC, Choung SY, Shim JH, Kang IJ. In vitro efficacy evaluation for prevention of diabetes and diabetic complications using Aster sphathulifolius. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
We established an in vitro plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis of Aster scaber, an important source of various biologically active phytochemicals. We examined the callus induction and embryogenic capacities of three explants, including leaves, petioles, and roots, on 25 different media containing different combinations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA). The optimum concentrations of NAA and BA for the production of embryogenic calli were 5.0 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. Media containing higher concentrations of auxin and cytokinin (such as 25 μM NAA and 25 μM BA) were suitable for shoot regeneration, especially for leaf-derived calli, which are the most readily available calli and are highly competent. For root induction from regenerated shoots, supplemental auxin and/or cytokinin did not improve rooting, but instead caused unwanted callus induction or retarded growth of regenerated plants. Therefore, plant growth regulator-free medium was preferable for root induction. Normal plants were successfully obtained from calli under the optimized conditions described above. This is the first report of the complete process of in vitro plant regeneration of A. scaber via somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Boo
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science (SARI) , Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Youn KS. Polyphenolic Compounds, Physiological Activities, and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Effect of Aster scaber Thunb. Extracts According to Different Extraction Processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.11.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities from different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, butanol and water) of Aster scaber leaf were investigated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different methods, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and phosphomolybdenum activity. A total of twenty-three polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified from A. scaber leaf extracts, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and other groups of phenolic compounds. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis of the leaf extract revealed that myricetin (4850.45 μg/g) was the most dominant flavonols, compared to quercetin and kaempferol. Caffeic acid was the dominant phenolic compound in A. scaber leaf extracts, it constituted about 104.20 μg/g, followed by gentisic acid (84.50 μg/g), gallic acid (61.05 μg/g) and homogentisic acid (55.65 μg/g). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was the highest in ethyl acetate extract (322.43 and 6.51 mg/g). The decreasing order of antioxidant activity among the A. scaber leaf extracts assayed through all the three methods was found to be ethyl acetate > butanol > methanol > petroleum ether > water extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thiruvengadam
- Konkuk University Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Seoul 143 701 South Korea
| | - N Praveen
- Konkuk University Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Seoul 143 701 South Korea
| | - B R Yu
- Konkuk University Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Seoul 143 701 South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Konkuk University Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Seoul 143 701 South Korea
| | - I M Chung
- Konkuk University Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Seoul 143 701 South Korea
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Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of peroxy natural products from a wide variety of terrestrial fungi, higher plants, and marine organisms. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 406 references are cited. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ze Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Al-Musayeib NM. New constituents from the rhizomes of Egyptian Iris germanica L. Molecules 2012; 17:2587-98. [PMID: 22388969 PMCID: PMC6268570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Iris germanica L. (Iridaceae) afforded two new compounds; irigenin S (7) and iriside A (12), together with ten known compounds: stigmasterol (1), a-irone (2), γ-irone (3), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone (4), irilone (5), irisolidone (6), irigenin (8), stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), irilone 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and iridin (11). Their structures were established by UV, IR, 1D (¹H and ¹³C) and 2D (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to mass spectroscopic data and comparison with literature data. The methanolic extract was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity. Both the methanolic extract and the isolated flavonoids were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 211589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M. Al-Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Jeong GS, Li B, Lee DS, Kim KH, Lee IK, Lee KR, Kim YC. Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of spinasterol via the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in murine hippocampal and microglial cell lines. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1587-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park HJ. Chemistry and pharmacological action of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and pharmaceutical utilization of chwinamul (Korean Mountainous vegetable). Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1703-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nugroho A, Kim KH, Lee KR, Alam MB, Choi JS, Kim WB, Park HJ. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the caffeoylquinic acids on the Korean mountainous vegetables used for chwinamul and their peroxynitrite-scavenging effect. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:1361-7. [PMID: 19898797 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-2003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mountainous vegetables called chwinamul are used in Korea to promote health. Chwinamul was obtained from several plants belonging to the Compositae - e.g., Kalimeris yomena, Aster scaber, Solidago virga var. gigantea, Solidago viragaurea var. asiatica, Saussurea grandifolia, Ainsliaea acerifolia - were used for our experiments. Analytical methods for simultaneous determination of the caffeoylquinic acids (3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acids) were established for chwinamul. The kinds of constituents were identified from HPLC chromatograms and it was possible to calculate the percentage (w/w) of seven of these compounds in the dried plants and in the extracts. The proportion of caffeoylquinic acids in the extracts ranged from 20.25 to 38.35%. Since it is known that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-scavenging is beneficial for amelioration of obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and even Alzheimer's disease, assays for peroxynitrite-scavenging activity were performed on the seven chwinamul plants. Of the tested extracts, the MeOH extract of A. acerifolia had the most potent effect (IC(50) 1.49 +/- 0.68 microg/mL). These results suggest that chwinamul vegetables can be used for treatment or prevention of peroxynitrite-related diseases.
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Abstract
This review article presents 90 hemi- and 188 monoterpenoid glycosides, isolated and identified from plants and microorganisms, that demonstrate different biological activities. These natural bioactive glycosides are good prospects for future chemical preparations from these compounds as antioxidants and as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. These glycosidic compounds have been subdivided into several groups, including hemiterpenoids; acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids; and iridoid monoterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Soh Y, Kim JA, Sohn NW, Lee KR, Kim SY. Protective effects of quinic acid derivatives on tetrahydropapaveroline-induced cell death in C6 glioma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:803-7. [PMID: 12808290 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of quinic acids from Aster scaber on tetrahydropapaveroline (THP)-induced cell toxicity were evaluated in rat C6 glioma cells. Among 4 quinic acid derivatives tested, (-) 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (QA3) exhibited the highest protective effect against THP-induced cell toxicity. C6 cells treated with THP exhibited the decrease in the survival rate and activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, but increased the level of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity. Staining C6 cells with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 revealed that 10 microM of THP treatment caused to necrotic and apoptotic cell death. However, preincubation of cells with QA3 prior to THP exposure recovered the cell survival rate and activities of antioxidant enzymes to control level. Taken together, the results indicate that QA3 might be a potential agent for treating or preventing diseases with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjo Soh
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Kyungki-do 449-701, Korea.
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Abstract
Three cerebrosides 2, 3, and 5 and two terpene glycosides 1 and 4 have been isolated from the methanol extract of the root of Aster scaber. Their structures were determined as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid methyl ester (1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z, 15'Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-15'-tetracosenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (2), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-N-octadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (3), 1alpha-hydroxy-6beta-O-beta-D-glucosyl-eudesm-3-ene (4), and (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (5) on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Cheol Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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